Pollution and Its Types

Environmental issues, impact and its solution
What is environment pollution?

Environmental pollution is defined as “contamination of the physical and
biological components of earth and atmosphere system to such an extent that
normal environmental processes are adversely affected
Types of environment pollution:
 Water pollution
 Air pollution
 Noise pollution
 Land pollution
 Water pollution
Water pollution:
Water pollution refers to alteration or change in the biological, physical, chemical
characteristics of water through natural or human activities
There are two types of water pollution:

1. Organic pollution due to microorganisms - bacteria and viruses - present in the
water, generated by excrement, animal and vegetable waste
2.chemical pollution generated by the nitrates and phosphates of pesticides, human
and animal drugs, household products, heavy metals, acids and hydrocarbons used
in industries
Causes of water pollution

Sewage and waste water:
Inadequate sewage collection and treatment are sources of water pollution.
According to the United Nations, more than 80% of the worldwide wastewater
goes back in the environment without being treated or reused.
Marine dumping:
Every day, garbage such as plastic, paper, aluminum, food, glass, or rubber are
deposited into the sea. These items take weeks to hundreds of years to decompose,
and thus they are a major cause for water pollution.
Industries:
Industries produce a lot of waste containing toxic chemicals and pollutants. A huge
amount of the industrial waste is drained in the fresh water which then flows into
canals, rivers and eventually in the sea. Another source of water pollution is the
burning of fossil fuels, causing air pollution like acid rain which then flows to
streams, lakes, and other stretches of water.
Effects
On human health:
Water pollution has very negative effects on public health. A lot of diseases result
from drinking or being in contact with contaminated water, such as diarrhea,
cholera, typhoid, dysentery or skin infections. In zones where there is no available
drinking water, the main risk is dehydration obviously.
On environment:
Water pollution truly harms biodiversity and aquatic ecosystems. The toxic
chemicals can change the color of water and increase the amount of minerals - also
known as eutrophication - which has a bad impact on life in water. Thermal
pollution, defined by a rise in the temperature of water bodies, contributes
to global-warming and causes serious hazard to water organisms.
Control measures:
Wastewater treatment:
Wastewater treatment consists of removing pollutants from wastewater through a
physical, chemical or biological process. The more efficient these processes are,
the cleaner the water becomes.
Air pollution prevention:

Air pollution has a direct impact on water contamination as 25% of human induced
co2 emissions are absorbed by oceans. This pollution causes a rapid acidification
of our oceans, and threatens marine life and corals. Preventing air pollution is the
best way to prevent this from happening.
Plastic waste reduction:

80% of plastic in our oceans is from land sources. In order to reduce the amount of
plastic entering our ocean, we need to both reduce our use of plastic globally, and
to improve plastic waste management.
Green agriculture:
Globally, agriculture accounts for 70% of water resources, so it is essential to have
climate-friendly crops, efficient irrigation that reduces the need for water and
energy-efficient food production. Green agriculture is also crucial to limit the
chemicals that enter the water.
Air pollution
Air pollution can be defined as an alteration of air quality that can be characterized
by measurements of chemical, biological or physical pollutants in the air. Air
pollution is one of the biggest threats for the environment and affects everyone:
humans, animals, crops, cities, forests, aquatic ecosystems...
Causes of air pollution

Burning of fossils fuel:
Combustion of fossil fuels, like coal and oil for electricity and road transport,
producing air pollutants like nitrogen and sulfur dioxide
Agricultural activities:
Agricultural activities, due to the use of pesticides, insecticides, and fertilizers that
emit harmful chemicals
Exhaust from industries:

Manufacturing industries emits large amounts of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons,
organic compounds, and chemicals into the air. This process thereby depletes the
quality of air.
Indoor pollution:
An odorless, colorless gas produced by appliances or heaters that burn natural gas,
oil, wood, propane, or kerosene. A major component of car
exhaust. Environmental tobacco smoke is composed of more than 3,800 different
chemical compounds.
Effects of air pollution

On human health:
Our continual exposure to air pollutants is responsible for the deterioration of
human health.
Air pollution is indeed a significant risk factor for human health conditions,
causing allergies, respiratory and cardiovascular diseases as well as lung damage
Acidic rain:
Our continual exposure to air pollutants is responsible for the deterioration of
human health.
Air pollution is indeed a significant risk factor for human health conditions,
causing allergies, respiratory and cardiovascular diseases as well as lung damage
On environment:
Air pollution has a major impact on the process of plant evolution by preventing
photosynthesis in many cases, with serious consequences for the purification of the
air we breathe. It also contributes to the formation of acid rain, atmospheric
precipitations in the form of rain, frost, snow or fog, which are released during the
combustion of fossil fuels and transformed by contact with water steam in the
atmosphere.
Control measure
Renewable fuel and clean energy production:
The most basic solution for air pollution is to move away from fossil fuels,
replacing them with alternative energies like solar, wind and geothermal.
Green building:
From planning to demolition, green building aims to create environmentally
responsible and resource-efficient structures to reduce their carbon footprint.
Land pollution:
Land pollution is the deterioration (destruction) of the earth’s land surfaces, often
directly or indirectly as a result of man’s activities and their misuse of land
resources.
Causes of land pollution

Deforestation:
Because of deforestation and forest fires, soils lose their vegetation cover. The
erosion process is thus accelerated, creating soil degradation as well as water
pollution. Deforestation leads to the loss of the land’s value as, once converted into
a dry or barren land, it can never be made fertile again.
Agriculture:
Agricultural activities are one of the major sources of land pollution. The spreading
of plant protection products such as pesticides and herbicides, as well as the
emissions of livestock buildings and farms are at the origin of soil pollution, in
particular by nitrogen and phosphates.
Industrial wastes:
Heavy industry often produces quantities of undesirable chemicals. If cleaning
agents such as detergents are released irresponsibly, they can cause significant
pollution on the ground. Storage tanks can also be a major source of land pollution
in case of leakage.
Mining:
Heavy industry often produces quantities of undesirable chemicals. If cleaning

agents such as detergents are released irresponsibly, they can cause significant
pollution on the ground. Storage tanks can also be a major source of land pollution
in case of leakage.
Waste disposal:
We produce large quantities of household waste every year, many of which could
and should be recycled or degrade naturally. Much of our waste is either
incinerated - causing potential air pollution issues - or buried in landfills, causing
soil pollution problems.
Effects of land pollution
On the environment:
Contamination of groundwater, loss of topsoil, water nutrient enrichment and
increased risk of wildfires (because of the dry conditions created by the pollutants
in the soil) are among the consequences of land pollution.
On wild life:
As land pollution and soil erosion progress, animals are forced to shift habitats and
adapt to new conditions. As a result, some species are at risk of extinction.
On human life:
The potential effects of soil contamination on human health include breathing
disorders, birth defects, skin diseases, and cancer
Control measures
The "3 r's" rule & education:
Reducing the use of non-biodegradable products will lower plastic-pollution and
eventually have an impact on land pollution. This is why it is very important to
reuse and recycle every possible item. Education should also play a major role in
efforts to protect the environment from land pollution.
Proper waste disposal:

Be it for industrial or household waste, efficient waste disposal is one of the most
effective ways of curbing land pollution. This especially applies to toxic and
hazardous waste disposal.
Sustainable forest management:

Conservation of the forests is key. Without the protection of the trees, the land
becomes dry and starts to erode. Therefore, sustainable forestry or logging is
crucial to saving the soil from pollution
Noise pollution:
Noise is generally refer to an unwanted sound, or sound which produces unpleasant
effects and discomfort on the ears.
Causes of noise pollution

Transportation:
think of aero planes flying over houses close to busy airports like Heathrow
(London) (Chicago), over ground and underground trains, vehicles on road—these
are constantly making a lot of noise and people always struggle to cope with them.
Social events:
Places of worship, discos and gigs, parties and other social events also create a lot
of noise for the people living in that area. In many market areas, people sell with
loud speakers, others shout out offers and try to get customers to buy their goods. It
is important to note that whey these events are not often, they can be
called nuisance rather than noise pollution.
Effects of noise pollution/diseases caused by noise pollution

 Noise pollution may cause temporary or permanent hearing
impairment. The most direct harmful effect of excessive noise falls on the
ears. Many times, extreme noise ruptures the ear drums.
 You cannot only be deaf but can also come in the grip of deadly illnesses
like impotence and cancer, besides problems such as lack of memory,
concentration, and interruption in speech, irritation, irritability, stress and
depression.
 The noise not only creates irritability, anger, but also accelerates the heart
rate by increasing blood flow in the arteries. The constant noise increases the
amount of cholesterol in the blood, which contracts blood vessels, increasing
the likelihood of cardiovascular disease.
 Health experts believe that rising noise gives rise to neurological disease,
nervous breakdown, hypertension, vision, dizziness, excessive sweating, and
exhaustion
 As rapid noise hinders sleep, insomnia has adverse effects on human
functioning. The person becomes irritable, angry, tired and tense, and he
even becomes neurotic or crazy.
 Exposure to the noise of 180 decibels intensity may result in the death of
man.
 Due to excessive noise, there is a decrease in the production of digestive
juices.
Control measures
 Construction of soundproof rooms

 Check the misuse of loudspeakers,
 Noise producing sources should be sighted far from where living places.
REFERNCES:
https://solarimpulse.com/water-pollution-
solutions?gclid=Cj0KCQjw4qvlBRDiARIsAHme6otYm1fpHYI3JOzvp
88l58juSqc9cHGggW2xENj6H7sFRUdo2s6jkWoaAiZJEALw_wcB
https://solarimpulse.com/land-pollution-
solutions?gclid=Cj0KCQjw4qvlBRDiARIsAHme6osTQn5wMC2gI3SH
6CEe_z54FnjwMNUKXC5M59CahSwuxX0qjt-
4dt4aAgmvEALw_wcB
https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/causes-effects-solutions-of-air-
pollution.php
https://eschooltoday.com/pollution/noise-pollution/what-is-noise-
pollution.html

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Pollution and Its Types

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Environmental issues, impact and its solution

What is environment pollution?

There are two types of water pollution:

Causes of water pollution

Air pollution prevention:

Plastic waste reduction:

Causes of air pollution

Exhaust from industries:

Effects of air pollution

Causes of land pollution

Heavy industry often produces quantities of undesirable chemicals. If cleaning

Effects of land pollution

Proper waste disposal:

Sustainable forest management:

Causes of noise pollution

Effects of noise pollution/diseases caused by noise pollution

 Construction of soundproof rooms

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