European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education

17 pages, 1134 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Parents’ Smartphone Use on Children’s Emotions, Behavior, and Subjective Well-Being

by Matea Bodrožić Selak, Marina Merkaš and Ana Žulec Ivanković

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15010008 - 13 Jan 2025

This study aimed to examine the associations between parents’ smartphone use during conversations with children, children’s emotional and behavioral reactions to parents’ smartphone use, and children’s well-being. This study was conducted on a sample of 284 children (aged 10 to 15 years, with [...] Read more.

This study aimed to examine the associations between parents’ smartphone use during conversations with children, children’s emotional and behavioral reactions to parents’ smartphone use, and children’s well-being. This study was conducted on a sample of 284 children (aged 10 to 15 years, with a mean age of 12.23 in 2021; 40.2% boys). The data come from a four-wave longitudinal study (2021–2023) within the project D.E.C.I.D.E. Children reported how often their parents use smartphones during conversations with them (second wave), their emotions and behaviors related to parents’ smartphone use (third wave), and their subjective well-being (fourth wave). A proposed model was tested in which the frequency of parents’ smartphone use during parent–child conversations was a predictor, different children’s emotional and behavioral reactions to parents’ smartphone use were mediators, and children’s well-being was the criterion. The results showed that more frequent parents’ smartphone use is associated with more frequent children’s experiences of anger and sadness in situations when parents use smartphones while with children, which is linked to lower children’s well-being. More frequent parents’ smartphone use is associated with more giving up on seeking parents’ attention among children, which is related to lower well-being. Full article

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5 pages, 203 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Health Disparities: The Emerging Trends and Pressing Challenges

by Keren Dopelt

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15010007 - 8 Jan 2025

Abstract

Health disparities represent one of the most pressing challenges in modern healthcare systems worldwide (Shadmi et al [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health Disparities: The Emerging Trends and Pressing Challenges)

27 pages, 1501 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Unlocking Patient Resistance to AI in Healthcare: A Psychological Exploration

by Abu Elnasr E. Sobaih, Asma Chaibi, Riadh Brini and Tamer Mohamed Abdelghani Ibrahim

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15010006 - 8 Jan 2025

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed healthcare, yet patients’ acceptance of AI-driven medical services remains constrained. Despite its significant potential, patients exhibit reluctance towards this technology. A notable lack of comprehensive research exists that examines the variables driving patients’ resistance to AI. This study [...] Read more.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed healthcare, yet patients’ acceptance of AI-driven medical services remains constrained. Despite its significant potential, patients exhibit reluctance towards this technology. A notable lack of comprehensive research exists that examines the variables driving patients’ resistance to AI. This study explores the variables influencing patients’ resistance to adopt AI technology in healthcare by applying an extended Ram and Sheth Model. More specifically, this research examines the roles of the need for personal contact (NPC), perceived technological dependence (PTD), and general skepticism toward AI (GSAI) in shaping patient resistance to AI integration. For this reason, a sequential mixed-method approach was employed, beginning with semi-structured interviews to identify adaptable factors in healthcare. It then followed with a survey to validate the qualitative findings through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) via AMOS (version 24). The findings confirm that NPC, PTD, and GSAI significantly contribute to patient resistance to AI in healthcare. Precisely, patients who prefer personal interaction, feel dependent on AI, or are skeptical of AI’s promises are more likely to resist its adoption. The findings highlight the psychological factors driving patient reluctance toward AI in healthcare, offering valuable insights for healthcare administrators. Strategies to balance AI’s efficiency with human interaction, mitigate technological dependence, and foster trust are recommended for successful implementation of AI. This research adds to the theoretical understanding of Innovation Resistance Theory, providing both conceptual insights and practical implications for the effective incorporation of AI in healthcare. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Artificial Intelligence in the Health Field or Education)

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20 pages, 5055 KiB

Open AccessReview

Digital Competence of Rural Teachers in Depopulated Regions of Spain: A Bibliometric Review

by Pablo Fernández-Arias, María Sánchez-Jiménez, Álvaro Antón-Sancho, María Nieto-Sobrino and Diego Vergara

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15010005 - 7 Jan 2025

Abstract

Rural teachers have the potential to be important agents of local development. To achieve this goal, they need to acquire high digital competence in order to effectively integrate technology into their pedagogical practices, thus enriching the learning experience of students and fostering their [...] Read more.

Rural teachers have the potential to be important agents of local development. To achieve this goal, they need to acquire high digital competence in order to effectively integrate technology into their pedagogical practices, thus enriching the learning experience of students and fostering their participation. Digital competence contributes to reducing the education gap between urban and rural areas, promoting educational equity and inclusion. High digital competence also enables rural teachers to address the specific challenges of their environment, such as cultural diversity, scarce resources, and low population density. Against this backdrop, this article presents a bibliometric review of the importance of digital competence in rural teachers in Spain, where the problem of rural depopulation, as in other regions of Europe, has been accentuated in recent years. The objective of the bibliometric review is both (i) to find the strengths and weaknesses that concern researchers in relation to the digital training of teachers in rural areas and (ii) to express them explicitly in order to contribute to propose solutions. The results reveal the growing academic and political attention being paid to this issue, highlighting the need for rural teachers to acquire digital skills to adapt to current educational demands. In addition, they point to the importance of developing specific policies and programs in Europe as well as providing training opportunities and ongoing support to ensure that teachers in rural contexts can acquire or strengthen their digital competence, thereby improving the quality of education in these areas. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Diversity Competence and Social Inequalities)

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18 pages, 1447 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Fine Tuning of an Advanced Planner for Cognitive Training of Older Adults

by Mauro Gaspari, Giovanna Mioni, Dario Signorello, Franca Stablum and Sara Zuppiroli

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15010004 - 7 Jan 2025

Abstract

Developing effective cognitive training tools for older adults, specifically addressing executive functions such as planning, is a challenging task. It is of paramount importance to ensure the implementation of engaging activities that must be tailored to the specific needs and expectations of older [...] Read more.

Developing effective cognitive training tools for older adults, specifically addressing executive functions such as planning, is a challenging task. It is of paramount importance to ensure the implementation of engaging activities that must be tailored to the specific needs and expectations of older adults. Furthermore, it is essential to provide the appropriate level of complexity for the planning task. A human-centred approach was used to address the issues identified in the design of the tool. Two pilot studies were conducted with older adults to fine-tune the training task and optimize its suitability for them. This also led to an enhancement of the underlying planning engine, transitioning from a simple fast-forward planner (PDDL4J) to an advanced heuristic search planner (ENHSP). The results show that user studies enabled the development of a cognitive training system that gradually increased the proposed difficulty levels of the planning task while maintaining usability and satisfaction among older adults. This highlights the importance of conducting user studies when implementing cognitive training tools for older adults. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Artificial Intelligence in the Health Field or Education)

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18 pages, 741 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Goal Achievement and Academic Dropout Among Italian University Students: The Mediating Role of Academic Burnout

by Arianna Nicita, Angelo Fumia, Concettina Caparello, Carmelo Francesco Meduri, Pina Filippello and Luana Sorrenti

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15010003 - 6 Jan 2025

Abstract

As stated by the Goal Orientation Theory, students want to achieve a goal for multiple reasons, with each having a different impact on academic performance. This framework encompasses a three-factor model of goal achievement: a mastery goal, a performance-avoidance (PAv) goal, and a [...] Read more.

As stated by the Goal Orientation Theory, students want to achieve a goal for multiple reasons, with each having a different impact on academic performance. This framework encompasses a three-factor model of goal achievement: a mastery goal, a performance-avoidance (PAv) goal, and a performance-approach (PAp) goal. Students may experience elevated stress levels and burnout due to adopting an ineffective approach to goal achievement. This can lead to a loss of interest in studies and even physical and psychological exhaustion. In severe cases, this may result in students abandoning their studies early. This study aims to integrate these factors into a comprehensive model. A cross-sectional study comprising 1497 Italian university students examined the mediating role of academic burnout (professional efficacy, cynicism, and emotional exhaustion) in the association between achievement goals (mastery, PAv, and PAp goals) and the intention to drop out (ID). The questionnaires were administered from October 2022 to September 2023. Structural equation modeling was employed to evaluate the association between variables. The results of the mediation analysis indicate that cynicism and professional efficacy fully mediate the association between mastery and dropout. Cynicism (β = −0.28, p < 0.001) and professional efficacy (β = −0.17, p < 0.001) were both negatively associated with ID, while they partially mediate the association between PAv goals and ID (cynicism: β = 0.21, p ≤ 0.001; professional efficacy: β = 0.05, p ≤ 0.001), and between PAp goals and ID via professional efficacy (β = −0.04, p ≤ 0.001). This study contributes to the currently limited literature on the relationship between achievement goals, burnout, and ID in a sample of university students. The findings of this study may have useful implications for the application of interventions that impact students’ well-being and academic success, potentially limiting their possible dropout. Full article

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16 pages, 1036 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Outlining the Psychological Profile of Persistent Depression in Fibromyalgia Patients Through Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI)

by Andrea Doreste, Jesus Pujol, Eva Penelo, Víctor Pérez, Laura Blanco-Hinojo, Gerard Martínez-Vilavella, Helena Pardina-Torner, Fabiola Ojeda, Jordi Monfort and Joan Deus

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15010002 - 6 Jan 2025

Abstract

Background: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a complex condition marked by increased pain sensitivity and central sensitization. Studies often explore the link between FM and depressive anxiety disorders, but few focus on dysthymia or persistent depressive disorder (PDD), which can be more disabling than major [...] Read more.

Background: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a complex condition marked by increased pain sensitivity and central sensitization. Studies often explore the link between FM and depressive anxiety disorders, but few focus on dysthymia or persistent depressive disorder (PDD), which can be more disabling than major depression (MD). Objective: To identify clinical scales and subscales of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) that effectively describe and differentiate the psychological profile of PDD, with or without comorbid MD, in FM patients with PDD previously dimensionally classified by the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III (MCMI-III). Method: An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted with 66 women (mean age 49.18, SD = 8.09) from Hospital del Mar. The PAI, the MCMI-III, and the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) were used to assess the sample. Results: The PAI showed strong discriminative ability in detecting PDD, characterized by high scores in cognitive and emotional depression and low scores in identity alteration, dominance, and grandeur. High scores in cognitive, emotional, and physiological depression, identity alteration, cognitive anxiety, and suicidal ideation, along with low scores in dominance and grandeur, were needed to detect MD with PDD. Discriminant analysis could differentiate 69.6–73.9% of the PDD group and 84.6% of the PDD+MD group. Group comparisons showed that 72.2% of patients with an affective disorder by PAI were correctly classified in the MCMI-III affective disorder group, and 70% without affective disorder were correctly classified. Conclusions: The PAI effectively identifies PDD in FM patients and detects concurrent MD episodes, aiding in better prognostic and therapeutic guidance. Full article

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17 pages, 453 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Mediating Role of School Refusal in the Relationship Between Students’ Perceived School Atmosphere and Underachievement

by Luana Sorrenti, Concettina Caparello, Carmelo Francesco Meduri and Pina Filippello

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15010001 - 31 Dec 2024

Abstract

Studies have shown that the school atmosphere perceived by students can play a key role in promoting their well-being and success in school. No study to date has analyzed whether the students’ perceived school atmosphere might contribute to school refusal (SR), which in [...] Read more.

Studies have shown that the school atmosphere perceived by students can play a key role in promoting their well-being and success in school. No study to date has analyzed whether the students’ perceived school atmosphere might contribute to school refusal (SR), which in turn might reduce students’ engagement and promote underachievement. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 528 Italian high school students (M_age = 16.08, SD = 1.38; 50.8% males, 47% females, and 2.3% not declared), with the aim of assessing the role of the mediation of SR (Anxious Anticipation, Difficult Transition, Interpersonal Discomfort, and School Avoidance) in the association between students’ perceived school atmosphere (Student Relations, Student–Teacher Relations, Educational Climate, Sense of Belonging, and Interpersonal Justice) and school engagement and underachievement. Data were collected using validated instruments, including the SChool REfusal EvaluatioN for school refusal, the Multidimensional School Climate Questionnaire for school atmosphere, and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale for school engagement. To evaluate the association between variables, we performed structural equation modeling with latent variables. Mediation analysis indicated that Difficult Transition fully mediates the association between Sense of Belonging and school engagement (β = 0.20, p ≤ 0.05). This study extends the knowledge of school refusal behavior. Full article

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24 pages, 966 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Qualitative Investigation into the Experiences of Students with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD/Dyspraxia) in Higher Education

by Judith Gentle, Mirela Ivanova, Marie Martel, Scott Glover and Anesa Hosein

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(12), 3099-3122; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14120203 - 20 Dec 2024

Abstract

Developmental coordination disorder (DCD/Dyspraxia) is a commonly misunderstood and under-recognized specific learning difficulty (SpLD) in educational settings. This lifelong condition affects fine and gross motor coordination and significantly interferes with many activities of daily living, academic achievement, and employment opportunities. However, most Higher [...] Read more.

Developmental coordination disorder (DCD/Dyspraxia) is a commonly misunderstood and under-recognized specific learning difficulty (SpLD) in educational settings. This lifelong condition affects fine and gross motor coordination and significantly interferes with many activities of daily living, academic achievement, and employment opportunities. However, most Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) are unaware of its prevalence within their context, even though 5% of the general population have DCD and the enrolment of students in UK Higher Education with a known disability has increased by 42.4% between 2018 and 2023. Thus, understanding the lived experiences of students with DCD within Higher Education in the UK remains a considerable gap in knowledge. Through the use of focus groups, the lived experiences of 10 students with DCD at two UK HEIs were investigated. The thematic analysis identified four main themes: ‘Awareness of DCD’, ‘Participation in Higher Education for individuals with DCD’, ‘Wellbeing’, and ‘Everyday living’. Students shared that HEIs appeared to lack awareness of DCD and felt they had an inability to specify the correct support at university. Importantly, whilst the students in the study were not always confident in identifying the specific support they needed, they shared the strategies they used to aid their university experience. The students described the physical toll that many everyday living tasks can take, which subsequently negatively impact academic participation and wellbeing. On a positive note, many of the students discussed positive experiences at university, such as enjoying their own autonomy (and flexibility) to be independent and inform strategies for their own learning. Importantly, the findings from this work highlight the complexity and heterogeneity of DCD and the need for a tailored approach to supporting individuals with this condition. Given the importance of educational qualifications to enter the workplace, and the contribution of employment to quality of life, these findings help signpost areas where HEIs can improve the experiences of students with DCD that may also enhance academic success. Full article

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12 pages, 757 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cognitive Profile Discrepancy as a Possible Predictor of Emotion Dysregulation in a Clinical Sample of Female Adolescents with Suicidal Behavior

by Flora Furente, Federica Annecchini, Emilia Matera, Sabrina Serafino, Giorgia Frigeri, Alessandra Gabellone, Lucia Margari and Maria Giuseppina Petruzzelli

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(12), 3087-3098; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14120202 - 19 Dec 2024

Abstract

Emotional dysregulation (ED) has not yet been defined as a clinical entity, although it plays an important role in child and adolescent psychopathology. It is a transdiagnostic construct defined as the inability to regulate the intensity and quality of emotions to produce an [...] Read more.

Emotional dysregulation (ED) has not yet been defined as a clinical entity, although it plays an important role in child and adolescent psychopathology. It is a transdiagnostic construct defined as the inability to regulate the intensity and quality of emotions to produce an appropriate emotional response, to cope with excitability, mood instability, and emotional over-reactivity. The aim of this study is to assess, in a sample of female patients with internalizing disorders and suicidal behavior, the correlation between cognitive profile (assessed with Wechsler Scales) and the dimensions of emotion regulation assessed with the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). We also investigated whether a discrepancy between the General Ability Index (GAI) and the Cognitive Proficiency Index (CPI) could have predictive value for certain ED domains. Our results confirmed a statistically significant prediction of the ΔGAI-CPI for individual DERS domains and for the total (p = 0.014 for DERS-TOT, p = 0.04 for GOALS, p = 0.002 for STRATEGIES and p = 0.015 for CLARITY); furthermore, IAG and PRI correlate with worse ability to find ER strategies (p = 0.04, p = 0.010). These results suggest the importance of examining the impact of cognitive vulnerabilities on the ability to manage emotions and psychopathology in general, even with normal FSIQ/GAI. Full article

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14 pages, 893 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Understanding the Second Victim Phenomenon Among Healthcare Workers in an Italian Hospital

by Raffaella Sedile, Antonella Zizza, Luca Bastiani, Eugenia Carluccio, Marinella Marrazzi, Tommaso Bellandi and Giorgio O. Spagnolo

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(12), 3073-3086; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14120201 - 16 Dec 2024

Abstract

Second victim syndrome (SVS) refers to the psychological trauma experienced by healthcare workers (HCWs) as a result of being involved in an adverse event (AE). Research on the prevalence of SVS and the support needed for HCWs who experience it is limited. A [...] Read more.

Second victim syndrome (SVS) refers to the psychological trauma experienced by healthcare workers (HCWs) as a result of being involved in an adverse event (AE). Research on the prevalence of SVS and the support needed for HCWs who experience it is limited. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Health Local Unit of Lecce, in Puglia, to identify the phenomenon of SVS among HCWs and recognize the forms of support received and desired. A validated questionnaire, IT-SVEST, was administered to doctors and nurses. The survey received responses from 250 HCWs, and 41% of respondents reported being involved in an AE that could cause SVS. Among the seven dimensions measuring the effects of the SVS and two outcome variables, the highest percentage of agreement was found for psychological distress (23.5%), followed by turnover intentions (19.8%) and physical distress (9.9%); 23.8% of the interviewees declared that they did not receive institutional support, and 9.9% identified help resources mostly in non-work-related support (9.9%), followed by supervisor support (9.3%). The multivariable binary logistic regression analysis showed a positive association between the occurrence of an AE and the medical doctor profession (OR = 4.267, p ≤ 0.0001), and affiliation to intensive care departments (OR = 5.133, p ≤ 0.0001) and male gender (OR = 2.069, p = 0.033). SVS is a serious problem that affects the entire health system, systematic surveys and appropriate institutional responses including formal support programs for affected HCWs are a priority. Full article

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17 pages, 328 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Predictive Markers of Post-Stroke Cognitive Recovery and Depression in Ischemic Stroke Patients: A 6-Month Longitudinal Study

by Anna Tsiakiri, Spyridon Plakias, Pinelopi Vlotinou, Aikaterini Terzoudi, Aspasia Serdari, Dimitrios Tsiptsios, Georgia Karakitsiou, Evlampia Psatha, Sofia Kitmeridou, Efstratios Karavasilis, Nikolaos Aggelousis, Konstantinos Vadikolias and Foteini Christidi

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(12), 3056-3072; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14120200 - 11 Dec 2024

Abstract

The growing number of stroke survivors face physical, cognitive, and psychosocial impairments, making stroke a significant contributor to global disability. Various factors have been identified as key predictors of post-stroke outcomes. The aim of this study was to develop a standardized predictive model [...] Read more.

The growing number of stroke survivors face physical, cognitive, and psychosocial impairments, making stroke a significant contributor to global disability. Various factors have been identified as key predictors of post-stroke outcomes. The aim of this study was to develop a standardized predictive model that integrates various demographic and clinical factors to better predict post-stroke cognitive recovery and depression in patients with ischemic stroke (IS). We included IS patients during both the acute phase and six months post-stroke and considered neuropsychological measures (screening scales, individual tests, functional cognitive scales), stroke severity and laterality, as well as functional disability measures. The study identified several key predictors of post-stroke cognitive recovery and depression in IS patients. Higher education and younger age were associated with better cognitive recovery. Lower stroke severity, indicated by lower National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores, also contributed to better cognitive outcomes. Patients with lower modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores showed improved performance on cognitive tests and lower post-stroke depression scores. The study concluded that age, education, stroke severity and functional status are the most critical predictors of cognitive recovery and post-stroke emotional status in IS patients. Tailoring rehabilitation strategies based on these predictive markers can significantly improve patient outcomes. Full article

17 pages, 1294 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Positive Relational Management and Occupational Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Flourishing and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors

by Marta Peña, Marta Llorente-Alonso, Cristina Garcia-Ael and Gabriela Topa

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(12), 3039-3055; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14120199 - 10 Dec 2024

Abstract

This study examines the relevance of interpersonal relationships in the work environment, focusing specifically on analyzing associations between positive relational management, which refers to the use of relational resources that enable adaptation to the workplace, and key organizational variables such as flourishing, individual-directed [...] Read more.

This study examines the relevance of interpersonal relationships in the work environment, focusing specifically on analyzing associations between positive relational management, which refers to the use of relational resources that enable adaptation to the workplace, and key organizational variables such as flourishing, individual-directed organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBis), and life satisfaction. Given the importance of this topic, a structural model is required for the possible relationship between positive relational management and other organizational variables relevant to occupational well-being. As a preliminary step, the Positive Relational Management Scale (PRMS) was analyzed and validated in a sample of 348 Spanish workers. The results revealed that the overall model has a good fit, with reliable and valid construct measures. Moreover, the three-dimensional structure of the model was confirmed, although gender invariance was not satisfied. In conclusion, the results confirm the simple mediation hypothesis, in which flourishing mediates the relationship between positive relational management and life satisfaction. In contrast, multiple mediations between the variables could not be confirmed. This study highlights the importance of interpersonal relationships for employee well-being in the workplace. Full article

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19 pages, 337 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

‘Some Days Are Not a Good Day to Be a Mum’: Exploring Lived Experiences of Guilt and Shame in the Early Postpartum Period

by Leanne Jackson, Emily O’Donoghue, Jasmin Helm, Rita Gentilcore and Anisha Hussain

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(12), 3019-3038; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14120198 - 2 Dec 2024

Abstract

The first 16 weeks postpartum are particularly challenging for a new mother and are associated with an elevated risk of experiencing psychological distress. Guilt and shame have been identified as significant predictors of other forms of psychological distress, such as anxiety and depression. [...] Read more.

The first 16 weeks postpartum are particularly challenging for a new mother and are associated with an elevated risk of experiencing psychological distress. Guilt and shame have been identified as significant predictors of other forms of psychological distress, such as anxiety and depression. However, guilt and shame are poorly distinguished in pre-existing literature. The current study used inductive thematic analysis to explore lived experiences of guilt and shame in the early postpartum period. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 women who had given birth in the past 16 weeks and who were residing in the UK at the time of the investigation. All those interviewed had internalised unrealistic mothering ideals. Physical constraints on one’s parenting abilities, due to birth recovery, exacerbated postpartum guilt and shame. Other sources of guilt and shame included body dissatisfaction and making comparisons against other mothers and media depictions of motherhood. Participants were hesitant to confide in others about parenting challenges due to fears of judgement, which perpetuated the shame-concealment cycle. Future research should prioritise the development of interventions designed to target a harsh parenting inner critic, and the re-framing of cognitive biases, to nurture more realistic and self-compassionate beliefs about motherhood. For practice, current findings mirror previous calls for intimate partners to be actively included in routine appointments, to provide healthcare practitioners with specialist training in postpartum mental health, and to educate mothers on responsible social media use. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Parenting across the Lifespan: Perinatal Mental Health, Infant Feeding, and Child Development)

18 pages, 358 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Step Forward in Long COVID Research: Validating the Post-COVID Cognitive Impairment Scale

by Somayeh Pour Mohammadi, Razieh Etesamipour, Francisco Mercado Romero and Irene Peláez

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(12), 3001-3018; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14120197 - 1 Dec 2024

Abstract

Long COVID, or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, includes a variety of enduring symptoms that endure beyond the acute phase of the illness, impacting multiple facets of patients’ psychological and physical health. The persistent symptoms encompass fatigue, breathing difficulties, musculoskeletal pain, and cognitive [...] Read more.

Long COVID, or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, includes a variety of enduring symptoms that endure beyond the acute phase of the illness, impacting multiple facets of patients’ psychological and physical health. The persistent symptoms encompass fatigue, breathing difficulties, musculoskeletal pain, and cognitive impairments, which can significantly affect daily functioning and overall quality of life. The objective of this study was to create and validate the accuracy of the Post-COVID Cognitive Impairment Scale, which is used to evaluate cognitive impairments resulting from a COVID-19 infection. This study was conducted in Iran between January and September 2023. It consisted of three phases: developing the scale, evaluating its content validity with experts, and validating its structure with 454 participants using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The exploratory factor analysis revealed two variables, namely memory and attention, which accounted for 40.38% of the variation. Confirmatory factor analysis verified the model’s fit, with indices indicating satisfactory alignment: CMIN/DF = 2.80, RMSEA = 0.06, SRMR = 0.05, CFI = 0.93, and TLI = 0.92. The factor loadings were statistically significant (p < 0.001), and Cronbach’s Alpha values indicated strong internal consistency (working memory = 0.81, attention = 0.80). These results affirm the Post-COVID Cognitive Impairment Scale is a valid and reliable instrument for evaluating cognitive deficiencies in individuals with long COVID. Its application in clinical and research environments aids in the prompt detection and tracking of the treatment of such impairments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health Disparities: The Emerging Trends and Pressing Challenges)

23 pages, 1388 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Olfactory Identification as a Biomarker for Cognitive Impairment: Insights from Healthy Aging, Subjective Cognitive Decline, and Mild Cognitive Impairment

by Jaime Bouhaben, Alice Helena Delgado-Lima and María Luisa Delgado-Losada

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(12), 2978-3000; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14120196 - 29 Nov 2024

Abstract

Introduction: This study aims to investigate the relationship between olfactory identification (OI) and cognitive impairment by examining OI abilities across various stages of cognitive deterioration. Methods: A total of 264 participants were divided into three groups based on cognitive status: cognitively [...] Read more.

Introduction: This study aims to investigate the relationship between olfactory identification (OI) and cognitive impairment by examining OI abilities across various stages of cognitive deterioration. Methods: A total of 264 participants were divided into three groups based on cognitive status: cognitively healthy, subjective cognitive, and mild cognitive impairment. All participants were assessed using the Sniffin’ Sticks Olfactory Identification test and a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery. Results: Our results highlight the main effects of age and cognitive status on OI scores. Regarding cognitive abilities, OI is associated with measures of short-term memory, long-term, working memory, and selective attention. Finally, logistic regression models showed that OI is a significant predictor for discriminating SCD from CH, MCI from CH, and MCI from SCD. Discussion: These findings suggest the addition of olfactory identification measures in neuropsychological assessments could improve the early detection of individuals at risk for cognitive impairment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health and Well-Being among Older Adults: Current Trends and Future Challenges)

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12 pages, 320 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Creative Self-Efficacy and Social Skills in a Portuguese Sample of University Students: Links with Self-Esteem, Academic Achievement and Life Satisfaction

by Alba González Moreno, Celeste Simões, Anabela Caetano Santos and María del Mar Molero Jurado

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(12), 2966-2977; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14120195 - 28 Nov 2024

Abstract

Creative self-efficacy and social skills are two elements that can significantly enhance personal and professional development. The main objective of this research is to analyze the relations established between creative self-efficacy and social skills with other variables such as self-esteem, academic performance, and [...] Read more.

Creative self-efficacy and social skills are two elements that can significantly enhance personal and professional development. The main objective of this research is to analyze the relations established between creative self-efficacy and social skills with other variables such as self-esteem, academic performance, and life satisfaction. The participants included in the methodology of this study are a total of 238 Portuguese university students. The instruments used were the Creative Self-Efficacy Scale, the Social Skills Questionnaire (CHASO), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and a series of ad hoc questions to assess academic performance. The results obtained indicate the existence of significant relations between creative self-efficacy and social skills, with the latter also being positively associated with self-esteem and life satisfaction. Analyses indicate that there are significant differences according to gender, academic performance, and the level of self-esteem of the participants. In addition, variables such as self-esteem, academic performance, and fluency act as predictors of life satisfaction. The importance of further exploring and understanding the complex relationship between creative self-efficacy, social skills, and individual well-being in the university context is discussed. Full article

9 pages, 1899 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Negative Association Between Schizophrenia and Subsequent Cancer Diagnoses—A Retrospective Cohort Study from Germany

by Ira Rodemer, Céline Vetter, Matthias Kalder, André Hajek and Karel Kostev

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(12), 2957-2965; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14120194 - 26 Nov 2024

Abstract

Background: Since previous studies have reported contradictory findings regarding the relationship between schizophrenia and cancer, we evaluated the association between schizophrenia and cancer diagnoses. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, the IQVIA Disease Analyzer database was utilized to examine the incidence of cancer [...] Read more.

Background: Since previous studies have reported contradictory findings regarding the relationship between schizophrenia and cancer, we evaluated the association between schizophrenia and cancer diagnoses. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, the IQVIA Disease Analyzer database was utilized to examine the incidence of cancer among patients aged over 18 years diagnosed with schizophrenia in German general practices from 2005 to 2022. Patients with schizophrenia were compared with those without the condition, with adjustments made for age, sex, index year of diagnosis, average annual practitioners visit frequency, and comorbidity. Kaplan–Meier curves were used to analyze the 10-year cumulative incidence of schizophrenia and cancer in total amongst patients with and without schizophrenia. Univariate Cox regression analysis was performed to calculate Hazard Ratios (HR) of cancer risk and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) of cancer in total and of specific cancer types. Results: Patients with schizophrenia (N = 13.711) had a lower incidence of cancer diagnosis compared to those without (N = 68.555). Specifically, 10.4% of patients with schizophrenia and 12.5% of patients without the condition were diagnosed with cancer (p < 0.001). Cox regression analysis showed a significant association between schizophrenia and subsequent cancer in the total population (HR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.76–0.90), and among men (HR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.61–0.80), but not among women (HR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.84–1.04). Analyses stratified by cancer type and sex revealed a strong and significant association between schizophrenia and a decreased risk of prostate cancer in men (HR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.24–0.61). Furthermore, there was also a negative association between schizophrenia and colorectal cancer risk in men, but statistical significance was not reached (HR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.37–0.93). Conclusions: This study demonstrates negative associations between schizophrenia and subsequent cancer, and more specifically in men for prostate and colorectal cancer. However, further research is required to explore the underlying reasons for these associations. Full article

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13 pages, 875 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Role of Psychological Factors and Resilience in Mediating Sports Passion in Triathletes

by Francesca Ancarani, Óscar Gavín-Chocano, David Molero and Germán Vicente-Rodríguez

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(12), 2944-2956; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14120193 - 23 Nov 2024

Abstract

The present study aims to analyze the psychological characteristics associated with the performance of amateur athletes, exploring their relationships with key variables such as resilience, harmonious and obsessive passion, and perception of discomfort. The main objective is to establish the relationship between psychological [...] Read more.

The present study aims to analyze the psychological characteristics associated with the performance of amateur athletes, exploring their relationships with key variables such as resilience, harmonious and obsessive passion, and perception of discomfort. The main objective is to establish the relationship between psychological characteristics and each of the variables used (resilience, personal competence, and acceptance of self and life), and to consider whether these are related to passion (harmonious and obsessive) through a structural equation analysis. The sample was composed of 110 persons: 87 adults (22 females, mean age 40.7 ± 9.1 years; 65 males, mean age in years 42.1 ± 11.9) and 23 adolescents (16 females, mean age 14.8 ± 1.3 years; 7 males, mean age 15.3 ± 2.1 years). Psychological characteristics were assessed using the Psychological Characteristics Related to Performance (CPRD) questionnaire, passion using the Passion Scale instrument, and resilience using the Resilience Scale (RS-14) questionnaire. The analyses were based on a structural equation model analysis (PLS-SEM). The results showed adequate coefficients of determination (R index²) and Stone–Geisser predictive relevance (Q²) for the personal competence resilience factors (R² = 0.517; Q² = 0.218) and acceptance of self and life (R² =.415; Q² = 0.231), as well as for the passion dimensions harmonious passion (R² = 0.357; Q²= 0.168) and obsessive passion (R² = 0.085; Q²= 0.034). In conclusion, a close relationship was demonstrated between psychological characteristics related to sports performance and the variables of resilience and passion (both harmonious and obsessive). In particular, it was confirmed that mental skills and stress management are linked to the dimensions of resilience, and these dimensions influence both types of passion. In addition, team cohesion and personal competence also play a crucial role in the development of passion, highlighting the importance of these factors in the assessment of sports performance and influencing the well-being of amateur athletes in their personal and sports development. Full article

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European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education

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