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till (prep.)

Middle English til, tille "(going) onward to and into; (extending) as far as; (in time) continuing up to;" from Old English til (Northumbrian) "to," and from Old Norse til "to, until," both from Proto-Germanic *tilan (source also of Danish til, Old Frisian til "to, till," Gothic tils "convenient," German Ziel "limit, end, goal").

A common preposition in Scandinavian, serving in the place of English to, probably originally the accusative case of a noun otherwise lost but preserved in Icelandic tili "scope," the noun used to express aim, direction, purpose (as in aldrtili "death," literally "end of life"). Also compare German Ziel "end, limit, point aimed at, goal," and till (v.).

As a conjunction, "until, to the time that or when," from late Old English.

till (v.)

early 13c., "cultivate (land), bestow labor and effort on to raise crops;" late 14c., "to plow;" from Old English tilian "cultivate, tend;" more broadly "work at, get by labor," originally "strive after, make an effort, exert oneself to get, aim at, aspire to," related to till "fixed point, goal," and til "good, useful, suitable," from Proto-Germanic *tilojan (source also of Old Frisian tilia "to get, cultivate," Old Saxon tilian "to obtain," Middle Dutch, Dutch telen "to breed, raise, cultivate, cause," Old High German zilon "to strive," German zielen "to aim, strive"), from source of till (prep.).

Figurative use from late 14c. For sense development, compare expressions such as work the land "cultivate crops," Old Norse yrkja "work," but especially "cultivate" (and also "to make verses"); Old Church Slavonic delati "work," also "cultivate." Related: Tilled; tilling.

also from early 13c.

till (n.1)

"cashbox," 1690s, a specialized sense, earlier "locker, casket, container," mid-15c., a word of obscure origin. Perhaps (Middle English Compendium) from Anglo-French tylle "compartment," Old French tille "compartment, shelter on a ship," which is probably from Old Norse þilja "plank, floorboard," from Proto-Germanic *theljon. Another theory [Klein, Century Dictionary] is that the word is from Middle English tillen "to draw, pull; entice, allure," from Old English -tyllan (see toll (v.)), with sense evolution as in drawer (see draw (v.)).

Middle English Compendium also points to Anglo-Latin attillium "equipment, gear, Middle English atil (n.), from Old French. Also compare Old French tirelire "money box," which also was used in English. Popularly one made of baked clay and broken open to get the money. Tirelire was imitative or representative of the warbling of a lark, hence tirra-lirra (1610s) as exclamation of delight or words in a comic refrain.

also from 1690s

till (n.2)

in geology, "stiff clay as a subsoil sediment," 1765, originally Scottish, a word of unknown origin.

also from 1765
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Trends of till

updated on May 04, 2024

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