Quantitative Psychology

Anormal Psikoloji kitabı, ruhsal bozukluklar alanında çalışan tüm profesyoneller, psikiyatristler, klinik psikologlar, psikologlar, psikolojik danışmanlar, hekimler, sosyal hizmet uzmanları, psikiyatri hemşireleri ve bu alanlarda öğrenci yetiştiren akademisyenler ile eğitim alan öğrenciler için temel bir başvuru kitabıdır.
2013 yılının Mayısı ayında yayımlanan DSM-5 ölçütlerine göre ruhsal bozukluklarla ilgili sunulan bilgilerin güncellemesinin de yapıldığı bu kitap, tüm dünyada pek çok üniversitenin psikiyatri ve psikoloji bölümlerinde ders kitabı olarak okutulmaktadır.
Kitabın her bölümünde, ilk olarak ruhsal bozukluklarla ilgili vakalar sunulmakta, daha sonra bozuklukların klinik tanıları yapılmakta ve DSM-IV-TR’den farklı olan DSM-5’te yapılan değişikliklere yer verilmektedir. Ayrıca, DSM-5’teki tanı ölçütleri, bozuklukların etiyolojisi ve epidemiyolojisi, bozukluklar üzerinde kalıtımın ve çevrenin etkileri, biyolojik ve sosyal ve kültürel etkiler, en güncel araştırmalardan elde edilen verilerle harmanlanarak sunulmaktadır. Ruhsal bozuklukların tedavisinde etkili olacak terapi yaklaşımları ve ilaçla yapılan tedaviler hakkında da bilgiler veren kitap, sahip olduğu zengin içeriği ile eşsiz bir kaynaktır.
Anormal Psikoloji kitabının; profesyoneller ve öğrenciler için önemli bir rehber olacağına, yardıma ihtiyaç duyan insanların sorunlarının çözümüne, ruhsal bozuklukların tanı ve tedavisinde önemli katkılar sağlayacağına inanıyoruz.

There is a serious crisis within the social science of psychology. The problem is between non-quantitative psychologists who develop substantive theories of behavior and psychometricians who create the mathematical models to measure behavior. Currently, the two groups are operating in vastly different worlds in the same discipline and their work is diverging farther apart. The inability of the two groups of psychologists to collaborate at the level of theory building and mathematical modelling is impeding the growth of this young science. This book is an attempt to bridge the gap between one substantive area of psychology and psychometrics. Damon Bryant and Larry Davis operationalize some of the key concepts of Flow Theory into the modern information-based framework of Item Response Theory. Within the Positive Psychology framework of Flow Theory, the focus is on challenge, skill, and challenge-skill balance. Within Item Response Theory, the focus is on the item, theta, and theta maximum. The authors lay the foundation for this integration and present several use cases in which the new information-based framework is used to measure constructs and predict important outcomes in fields as diverse as healthcare and American football. This book provides a foundation upon which a fundamental shift can occur in the way that psychological phenomena can be understood in terms of psychometric information. This work is appropriate for anyone looking to understand Flow Theory from a well-grounded quantitative framework. It has immediate applications in healthcare, sports, and work organizations for individuals looking to design flow-based systems to improve human performance.

"On the difference between significant and non-significant effects. Note: link to R and Excel resources for comparing correlations: https://seriousstats.wordpress.com/2012/02/05/comparing-correlations/"

ADHD is a psychological disorder which has become significantly more prevalent and much debated in the last decades. This study investigates the possibilities in developing quantitative diagnostic tools for psychiatric assessment of ADHD based on spectral representations of Auditory Brainstem Responses (ABR). Two different approaches to data pre-treatment are adopted, followed by estimates of power spectral densities, cross power spectral densities and time-frequency distributions. From these, features are extracted and examined on their merit as disorder-specific traits. The subject sample consists of ABR:s from 69 individuals; 36 of which are diagnosed with ADHD and 33 healthy controls. Using a band-pass pre-processing method, some significance in difference between disease groups is found for females in terms of dominant frequency, bandwidth, spectral purity and spectral slope in the power spectral density estimate.

Factor structure and internal consistency of the Spanish version of the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form. The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of Parenting Stress Index-Short Form. After translating the instrument from English into Spanish using the forward-backward translation method, it was administered to a sample of 129 mothers of children aged between 10 and 39 months olds. The exploratory factor analysis identified two factors: Childrearing Stress and Personal Distress, which accounted for 48.77% of the variance. The internal consistency of these factors was high (Childrearing Stress: .90 and Personal Distress: .87). Implications of these findings and suggestions for future research are discussed.

A cross-sectional correlational study that examined three possible predictors of naturally occurring mindfulness: trait anxiety, conscientiousness and openness.  The sample comprised 115 participants of mixed age males and females, some with mediation experience and some without.  Participants completed a four part self-report questionnaire containing measures for each of the four variables: mindfulness, openness, conscientiousness and trait anxiety.  The overall model was supported as together trait anxiety, openness and conscientiousness explained 24% of mindfulness variance. Trait anxiety was significantly negatively predictive of mindfulness and although both openness and conscientiousness were hypothesised to be positively predictive, only openness was found to be significantly predicted of mindfulness.

In this study, we tested the validity of the modified version of the Vaccine Attitude Question Battery (VAQB) across 22 different languages. Validity test was conducted with a large-scale international survey dataset, COVIDiSTRESSII Global Survey, collected from 20,601 participants from 62 countries. We employed exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, measurement invariance test, and measurement alignment for internal validity test. Moreover, we examined correlation between the VAQB score, vaccination intent, compliance with preventive measures, and trust in public health-related agents. The results reported that the modified VAQB, which included five items, showed good validity across 22 languages with measurement alignment. Furthermore, the VAQB score showed negative association with vaccination intent, compliance, and trust as expected. The findings from this study provide additional evidence supporting the validity of the modified VAQB in 22 languages for future large-scale international research on COVID-19 and vaccination.

Glossary Absolute goodness of fit – The discrepancy between a statistical model and the data at hand. Goodness-of-fit index – A numerical summary of the discrepancy between the observed values and the values expected under a statistical model. Goodness-of-fit statistic – A goodness-of-fit index with known sampling distribution that may be used in statistical-hypothesis testing. Relative goodness of fit – The discrepancy between two statistical models.

Mediating variables continue to play an important role in psychological theory and research. A mediating variable transmits the effect of an antecedent variable on to a dependent variable, thereby providing more detailed understanding of relations among variables. Methods to assess mediation have been an active area of research for the last two decades. This paper describes the current state of methods to investigate mediating variables.

Emotional maturity is a very significant aspect of the healthy emotional development of the individual. Emotional maturity is important as it plays a crucial role in managing emotions, expressing oneself at right time, remaining calm and composed in adverse conditions, and taking decisions. The objectives of the study were a) to study the relationship of academic achievement with the emotional maturity of senior secondary school students, b) to compare the mean scores of emotional maturity of government and private senior secondary school students, c) to compare the mean scores of emotional maturity of male and female senior secondary school students, and d) to compare the mean scores of emotional maturity of rural and urban senior secondary school students. The study was quantitative in nature and employed a survey method. Data were collected from 440 senior secondary school students of Aligarh, Agra, Mathura, and Hathras districts of Uttar Pradesh (UP) employing a stratified sampling technique. The tool used for data collection of emotional maturity was the Emotional Maturity Scale (EMS-SSSM) developed by Sharma and Shakir (2019) and for academic achievement previous class marks of class 11th students i.e., class 10th were taken into consideration. The statistical techniques used for analyzing the data were Pearson Product moment correlation and t-test. Findings of the study revealed that a) A significant positive linear relationship was found between emotional maturity and academic achievement of senior secondary school students, b) Senior secondary students studying in government schools had a higher level of emotional maturity in comparison to the senior secondary students studying in private schools, c) Male and female senior secondary school students had a similar level of emotional maturity, and d) Rural senior secondary school students had a higher level of emotional maturity in comparison to urban senior secondary school students.

The current research was a descriptive study of effect size of researches that have been conducted in the Psychology Department University of Sanata Dharma. Effect size is a measure of the size of relationship or difference in a research. It is also called as the practical significance of a research. The measure is needed because statistical significance can only provide information about the probability of a wrong decision based on statistical analysis. It is used as the basis of evaluation of the important aspect of a research. It can also be used as the basis for deciding the size of the research sample in order to increase the power of the analysis. This research uses secondary data from undergraduate theses that have been conducted in Psychology Department University of Sanata Dharma. The sample of the current study was 78 undergraduate theses that used parametric statistical analyses that produced significant statistics (p<0.05). The theses were grouped using Cohen’s categorization while the variables included in each of Cohen’s categorization were identified. The researcher also made new categorization the effect size based on current empirical data. The result showed that the majority of the theses (67.94%) have a very strong effect size based on Cohen’s categorization. It means that the theses in the Psychology Department have showed strong  relationship between variables or big differences between groups

Previous research showed that employing results from meta-analyses of relevant previous fMRI studies can improve the performance of voxelwise Bayesian second-level fMRI analysis. In this process, prior distributions for Bayesian analysis can be determined by information acquired from the meta-analyses. However, only image-based meta-analysis, which is not widely accessible to fMRI researchers due to the lack of shared statistical images, was tested in the previous study, so the applicability of the prior determination method proposed by the previous study might be limited. In the present study, whether determining prior distributions based on coordinate-based meta-analysis, which is widely accessible to researchers, can also improve the performance of Bayesian analysis, was examined. Three different types of coordinate-based meta-analyses, BrainMap and Ginger ALE, and NeuroQuery, were tested as information sources for prior determination. Five different datasets addressing three task conditions, i.e., working memory, speech, and face processing, were analyzed via Bayesian analysis with a meta-analysis informed prior distribution, Bayesian analysis with a default Cauchy prior adjusted for multiple comparisons, and frequentist analysis with familywise error correction. The findings from the aforementioned analyses suggest that use of coordinate-based meta-analysis also significantly enhanced performance of Bayesian analysis as did image-based meta-analysis.

Mediating variables continue to play an important role in psychological theory and research. A mediating variable transmits the effect of an antecedent variable on to a dependent variable, thereby providing more detailed understanding of relations among variables. Methods to assess mediation have been an active area of research for the last two decades. This paper describes the current state of methods to investigate mediating variables.

Character strengths have become a popular topic in personality research. A set of questionnaires has recently been developed as measures of character strengths: the VIA Inventory of Strengths-Revised, two 96-item short forms of that instrument, and two new measures called the Global Assessment of Character Strengths and Signature Strengths Survey. Collectively, these are referred to as the VIA Assessment Suite for Adults. Prior research has supported the reliability and validity of these measures. The current study extended those findings through a demographically stratified sample of 1,765 U.S. resident adults. Results indicated the scores were interchangeable across all three versions of the VIA-IS, irrespective of whether the items are all positively keyed or a mix of positive and negative items. In addition, the VIA-IS-R factor structure is also consistent with a previously identified three-factor model for the strengths. By freeing residual covariances, a model was developed for which adequate fit was replicable. This provided the foundation for demonstrating measurement invariance. The present study also explored differences in strengths across demographic categories and evaluated various approaches to identifying key (signature) strengths for the respondents. Recommendations on the use of the different instruments are provided.

Article reprinted in: Madill, A., & Gough, B. (2016). Qualitative research and its place in psychological science. In A. E. Kazdin (Ed.), Methodological issues and strategies in clinical research (4th ed., pp. 437–458). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/14805-028

In discussing the place of diverse qualitative research within psychological science, the authors highlight the potential permeability of the quantitative-qualitative boundary and identify different ways of increasing communication between researchers specializing in different methods. Explicating diversity within qualitative research is facilitated, initially, through documenting the range of qualitative data collection and analytic methods available. The authors then consider the notion of paradigmatic frame and review debates on the current and future positioning of qualitative research within psychological science. In so doing, the authors argue that the different ways in which the concept of paradigm can be interpreted allow them to challenge the idea that diverse research paradigms are prima facie incommensurate. Further, reviewing the ways in which proponents of qualitative research are seeking to reconfigure the links between paradigms helps the authors to envisage how communication between research communities can be enhanced. This critical review allows the authors to systematize possible configurations for research practice in psychology on a continuum of paradigm integration and to specify associated criteria for judging intermethod coherence.

The wellbeing and nurture of children is a paramount concern for every country, culture, and community. Internationally, notable numbers of children undergo maltreatment, leading to significant lifelong implications (WHO 2016).

In UAE, child welfare, safety, and protection have been evidently intensifying in many spheres - political, social and cultural. Legalism, bureaucracy, and procedures are recognized as key drivers of child protection systems. Governments at both federal and local levels have developed policy frameworks for child protection and safety as part of community-based change initiatives.

Knowledge and Human Development Authority (KHDA) has been closely monitoring the safety and well-being of children as part of its evaluation of the schools. However, policy and research on child maltreatment are under-researched and under-conceptualized remains in its infancy.

Null-hypothesis significance testing (NHST) is commonly used in psychology; however, it is widely acknowledged that NHST is not well understood by either psychology professors or psychology students. In the current study, we investigated whether introduction-to-psychology textbooks accurately define and explain statistical significance. We examined 30 introductory-psychology textbooks, including the best-selling books from the United States and Canada, and found that 89% incorrectly defined or explained statistical significance. Incorrect definitions and explanations were most often consistent with the odds-against-chance fallacy. These results suggest that it is common for introduction- to-psychology students to be taught incorrect interpretations of statistical significance. We hope that our results will create awareness among authors of introductory-psychology books and provide the impetus for corrective action. To help with classroom instruction, we provide slides that correctly describe NHST and may be useful for introductory- psychology instructors.

Social scientists and folk views have long had it that there is an association between religiosity and prosocial behaviour, but hard evidence for such a relationship is limited. Studies show that religiosity is correlated with self-reported prosociality, however this relationship is not very clear when it comes to observed prosocial behaviours. Experimental studies reveal a link between religious priming and prosocial behaviours, and remarkably such effects hold irrespectively of degrees of religiosity. Building on and combining the strengths of previous field designs, I report here the results of a field experiment in Mauritius examining the effects of religious environments on cooperation in a naturalistic setting. These results were consistent with previous findings that religious cues may increase cooperation. Importantly, this effect was not dependent on degrees of prior religiosity. Plausible interpretations of such effects are discussed.

The issue of common method variance and bias in Indonesia still has not gained much attention; even the terminology is less popular, except among psychometric enthusiasts and experts. In fact, the potential for common method variance and bias infiltrating in research results is very high, especially in studies that use a single method, a single source, and concurrent design, which are highly favored by psychological lecturers and researchers in Indonesia. This paper is a critical review, exposing the debate and serious impact regarding common method variance and bias, as well as procedures for detecting, addressing and correcting its effects. The author hoped this paper contributes in filling the gap in the literature, especially in Psychology Research Methodology text books in the Indonesian language, so that psychological researches in Indonesia continue to increase their quality and to have their better place in international publications.

Key words: CMV, psychological research, research methodology, journal editor

Abstrak

Persoalan common method variance & bias di Indonesia masih belum memperoleh banyak perhatian; bahkan terminologinya pun kurang populer, kecuali di kalangan peminat dan ahli psikometri. Padahal, potensi menyusupnya common method variance & bias dalam hasil-hasil penelitian sangat tinggi, khususnya pada penelitian yang menggunakan metode tunggal, sumber tunggal, dan desain konkuren, yang sangat difavoritkan oleh para dosen dan peneliti psikologis di Indonesia. Tulisan ini merupakan kajian kritis, yang memaparkan perdebatan dan dampak serius seputar common method variance & bias, serta prosedur untuk mendeteksi, mengatasi dan mengkoreksi dampaknya. Penulis berharap bahwa tulisan ini berkontribusi mengisi kesenjangan dalam literatur, khususnya dalam buku-buku teks Metodologi Penelitian Psikologi berbahasa Indonesia, sehingga penelitian psikologis di Indonesia semakin meningkat mutunya dan semakin memperoleh tempat dalam publikasi internasional.

Kata-kata kunci: CMV, riset psikologi, metodologi penelitian, editor jurnal

JASP, Jeffrey’s Amazing Statistics Program (official webpage: https://jasp-stats.org/), version 0.12.2, is an open-source, free statistical software package available on Windows, MacOS, and Linux platforms. It was developed by a group of quantitative methodologists who are interested in improving statistical testing and analysis methods used in the fields of psychological sciences. It implements various analysis methods, particularly those in Bayesian analysis and data science. The implemented methods include t-tests, ANOVA, regression analysis, factor analysis, machine learning, meta-analysis, network analysis, and SEM. JASP also includes a data editor for visual inspection and pre-processing. It supports data importing and exporting from/to various data sources. The statistical analysis program R constitutes the basis of JASP, but for users who are not familiar with programming, JASP is featured with a graphical user interface (GUI) so that the users can select analysis modules and modify options conveniently. To support users in academia, especially those in psychology, JASP provides functionalities for visualizing analysis results in tables and figures according to the American Psychological Association (APA) convention and presents options for modification once they are created.

This thesis investigates the expenditure of cognitive effort in post-editing of machine translation. A mixed-method approach involving the use of eye movements, subjective ratings and think-aloud protocols was adopted for the investigation. The project aims at revealing connections between cognitive effort and variables including linguistic characteristics of the source text and the machine-translation output, post-editors’ individual traits, different linguistic aspects of the activity attended to during the task, and the quality of the post-edited texts, assessed by human translators in terms of fluency (linguistic quality) and adequacy (faithfulness to the source text). Two tasks were conducted to pursue these aims: one involving eye tracking and a self-report scale of cognitive effort, and another carried out by a different, but comparable, sample of participants, under a think-aloud condition. Results indicate that variables such as an automatic machine-translation quality score and source-text type-token ratio are good predictors of cognitive effort in post-editing. The relationship between cognitive effort and post-editors’ traits was found to be a complex one, with significant links in this respect only appearing in the context of interactions between variables. A complex relationship was also found between editing behaviour and the quality of the post-edited text: the number of changes implemented was found to have a generally positive association with post-edited fluency, though cognitive effort was found to be negatively correlated with both the fluency and adequacy of the post-edited texts. Mental processes involving grammar and lexis were significantly related to the levels of cognitive effort expended by participants. These were also the aspects most frequently attended to in the activity. From a methodological perspective, despite the criticisms received by the think-aloud method in previous research, empirical data obtained in this project indicates that think-aloud protocols correlate with eye movements and subjective ratings as measures of cognitive effort.

In this article, we propose Bayesian analysis of mediation effects. Compared with conventional frequentist mediation analysis, the Bayesian approach has several advantages. First, it allows researchers to incorporate prior information into the mediation analysis, thus potentially improving the efficiency of estimates. Second, under the Bayesian mediation analysis, inference is straightforward and exact, which makes it appealing for studies with small samples. Third, the Bayesian approach is conceptually simpler for multilevel mediation analysis. Simulation studies and analysis of 2 data sets are used to illustrate the proposed methods

KERÉK Az MBE 100. évfordulója előtt Penka Pejkovszka. A bolgár közösség az évezred végén (A népszámlálási adatok tükrében) Összekötő híd a két kultúra között Interjú Penka Pejkovszkával OLDALAK Georgi Goszpodinov. A bánat fizikája (Részlet) Mariana Todorova. A bánat fizikája -a kortárs ember enciklopédiája és bibliája Radosztina A. Angelova. Bécsi lakás (Részlet) Patricia Nikolova. Kaddis a meg nem születettekért KÁVÉHÁZ Jonka Najdenova. A magyar nevek átírása bolgárra GRAVITÁCIÓ Dimitar J. Mitev. Készen állt-e a bolgár társadalom a Balkán-háborúk megpróbáltatásaira? GYEREKEKNEK Georgi Markovszki. Falusi naptár Szvetlana Sztojcseva. A gyermek szemével -a hagyaték nyelvén КОЛЕЛО Пред 100-годишнината на ДБУ Пенка Пейковска: Българската общност в края на хилядолетието (По данни от преброяванията) Градивен мост между двете култури. Интервю с Пенка Пейковска СТРАНИЦИ Георги Господинов: Физика на тъгата (Откъс) Мариана Тодорова: Физика на тъгатаенциклопедия и библия на съвременния човек. Радостина Ангелова: Виенски апартамент (Откъс) Патриция Николова: Кадиш за неродените КАФЕНЕ Йонка Найденова: За транскрипцията на унгарските имена на български ГРАВИТАЦИЯ Димитър Й. Митев: Готово ли бе българското общество за изпитанието "балканска война"? ЗА ДЕЦАТА Георги Марковски. Селски календар Светлана Стойчева. През погледа на дете и с езика на завещанието Съдържание Tartalom 3 14 17 25 31 38 43 49 59 65

Currently, there is an intense debate on the pressures public professionals face in service delivery. Many professionals show increasing discontent toward policies they have to implement. In healthcare, psychologists, psychiatrists and psychotherapists demonstrated against plans of the government to implement Diagnosis Related Groups (Diagnose Behandeling Combinaties, DBC’s). Furthermore, many secondary school teachers had difficulties identifying with the Second Phase policy (Tweede Fase). These examples are not unique: public professionals often appear to have difficulties identifying with the policy they have to implement. This can have severe consequences for policy performance, but also for the work lives of these professionals. To date, there is no coherent, theoretical framework for analyzing this topic. In this study we build a theoretical framework of ‘policy alienation’. Policies in healthcare, social security and education are analyzed, using both qualitative and quantitative techniques. We selected policies which had a high degree of policy alienation, as well as policies which were more positively received. The conclusions of this study challenge common assertions about the reasons for resistance of public professionals towards policies. For instance, we found that professionals often agree with the business goals of new policies. They are unwilling to implement such a policy not because it focuses on business goals, but because it would not achieve those business goals. Furthermore, we nuance the impact of professional influence. It is more important for professionals that a policy is developed which is meaningful for society and for their own clients, than that they have influence in its shaping. The results of the study have implications for public administration scholars, public professionals, public managers and policymakers. In order to improve its academic and practical significance, an instrument is developed to measure the degree of policy alienation of implementers. This instrument can be used to understand and improve policy performance.

Identifying indices of effort in post-editing of machine translation can have a number of applications, including estimating machine translation quality and calculating post-editors’ pay rates. Both source-text and machine-output features as well as subjects’ traits are investigated here in view of their impact on cognitive effort, which is measured with eye tracking and a subjective scale borrowed from the field of Educational Psychology. Data is analysed with mixed-effects models, and results indicate that the semantics-based automatic evaluation metric Meteor is significantly correlated with all measures of cognitive effort considered. Smaller effects are also observed for source-text linguistic features. Further insight is provided into the role of the source text in post-editing, with results suggesting that consulting the source text is only associated with how cognitively demanding the task is perceived in the case of those with a low level of proficiency in the source language. Subjects’ working memory capacity was also taken into account and a relationship with post-editing productivity could be noticed. Scaled-up studies into the construct of working memory capacity and the use of eye tracking in models for quality estimation are suggested as future work.

Multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) are conventionally recommended in mental health
care literature as an important way to offer holistic treatment provision to patients. This
study aims to explore multidisciplinary teamwork in contemporary mental health
settings, particularly what aids and hinders the process of multidisciplinary teamworking,
and the social work contribution in such teams. In order to attain an in-depth
exploration of these phenomena, a single case study design was employed. Within this
design, data were generated through semi-structured interviews and structured
observation of a mental health MDT in Ireland. These data were analysed using
interpretative phenomenological analysis. The research highlights how the concept of
mental illness is contested within this MDT, with the medical model dominant within
an environment of fluid working arrangements. Professional role blurring and
stereotyping were found to impact the division of labour on this team, with role
negotiation found to be an integral part of retaining a professional’s practice identity.
This research raises concerns for social work’s capacity to function within mental
health MDTs in Ireland, and highlights ways in which social work educators might
respond in order to empower Irish social workers to meet the challenges of mental
health multidisciplinary teamworking.

We examined the relationships among trait and state psychological variables and performance in male high school distance runners using the Sport Orientation Questionnaire (SOQ; Gill & Deeter, 1988), the Competitive Orientation Inventory (COI; Vealey, 1986), the Trait Sport-Confidence Inventory (TSCI; Vealey, 1986), the State Sport-Confidence Inventory (SSCI; Vealey, 1986), the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2; Martens, Burton, Vealey, Bump, & Smith, 1990), and separate self-efficacy scales for performance (time) and outcome (place). As hypothesized, trait sport-confidence predicted state sport-confidence and outcome self-efficacy. However, competitive orientation did not contribute to the prediction of state measures. State sport-confidence and self-efficacy predicted performance, as hypothesized. Surprisingly, outcome self-efficacy was a stronger predictor than performance self-efficacy, which did not contribute to the prediction of performance time or place. The runne...

This study develops a new way to model the emotional impact on a particular individual (person, group,...) that may have feelings, to any event or any information. The significance of an event or an information depends on the person undergoing it. Each person reacts emotionally differently to a same situation in terms of intensity and/or type of emotion. A particular same event is therefore perceived subjectively different by each individual. The reason is that each person has his own personality, his own experience, his own history, his own education and tradition ... In this study, we assume that all the Events / Information have common interpretable points relative to each individual: W ho is in the event ?, W hat is done? W hen it is done? W here it is done? How of ten/much it is done? W hy it is done? and How it is done? Each element of the vector [W ho, W hat, W hen, W here, HowM uch, W hy, How] will be called as an emotional stimulus and will be mathematically modeled relatively to the studied individual. These stimuli, interpreted differently by each individual, will be the starting point for the creation of emotions at different intensities. The objective of this study is to mathematically link these different stimuli to the intensity of the resulting emotions following an event relatively to an individual.

Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that the mean weight loss is the same for each diet program. Given that the mean amounts of weight loss after one year are: 1.-2.1 lb.,-3.2 lb.,-3.0 lb., and-3.3 lb for the four diets, do the diets appear to be effective? Note: the aforementioned problem-challenge must be referenced to the following One-Way " ANOZA Statistical Model FORMULA " (snapshot from MS-Excel).

As more complex statistical analyses become accessible through modern computer software packages, so the terms “Mediation”, “Moderation” and “(Statistical) Interaction” see increased use.  At the same time, uncertainty continues over their definitions and discrimination as evident in inconsistent guidelines and varying means of testing.  Further, while guideline papers continue to be written, to the best of our knowledge none has yet been written specifically for Educational Researchers.  Here we address this discrepancy with a provision of clear definitions that discriminate, note real-life ambiguities particular to educational research, and cover the various means of testing that are available for researchers.  The paper ends with the provision of an example Moderation from educational research which is tested with three alternative statistical approaches, the results of which are then compared and contrasted.

I could not forget to thank my family for their support, trust, and love that have given me courage to face difficult times. And to dearest Fang, for her patience, love and encouragement that strengthen my motivation to finish my study. Thanks to all of my friends for their help and kindness as I walked with you along the way, especially Hye-Jeong, Adeya, Young-soon, Flora Liu, Mushtaq, Ai jun, Fei ming, In Heok, and Maurice. Thank you for helping and teaching me many things that you may not even realize. To Jesus, my Lord and my friend. My life has been a testimony of Your faithfulness, kindness and grace. v

This study examined the relations between personality traits and social problem-solving ability. Personality was measured by the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised, the NEO Five-Factor Inventory, and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Social problem-solving ability was assessed by the Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised, which measures five different dimensions of problem-solving ability. Results of stepwise multivariate multiple regression analyses showed that neuroticism was the strongest ...

The current study applied quantile regression analysis to estimate the relationship between educational attainment and its predictors and compared the results to parameter estimates using OLS regression. OLS regression is a regression technique that uses conditional mean as a solution to minimize the error variance. Predictors of educational attainment used were socioeconomic status represented by parent’s education, parent’s occupation, and family income, hours of study at school, intelligence, and students’ employment. Results from the
quantile regression analysis showed that for several variables parameter estimates were significant only for certain quantiles. Parameters for hours of study at school and family income were significant only for lower quantiles, while intelligence and managerial/professional were
significant for higher quantiles. There were variables that had significant parameters on OLS but not on all quantile from quantile regression. Significance tests of difference between quantiles showed non-significant values. Therefore, an analysis to estimate scale and skewness shift were
not reasonable to be conducted.

This research examined the predictors of subjective well-being. Two studies were conducted. Our first study involved the administration of life satisfaction, personality, affection, need satisfaction, and self-construal questionnaires to 369 college students from Mexico. The results showed that extroversion and neuroticism had a significant direct effect on positive and negative affect, respectively, and indirect effects on life satisfaction. Results also revealed that autonomy support, defined as the ability to perceive oneself as the source of one’s behavior, was a significant and positive predictor of life satisfaction. To address some of the limitations from study I, study II used the World Values Survey to examine the effects of autonomy support on life satisfaction and domain satisfaction among representative samples from Mexico, Argentina, and Brazil. The findings showed that the autonomy support was a significant predictor of life satisfaction and domain satisfaction in all ...

Chapter prepared for the Cambridge Handbook of Research Methods in Clinical Psychology. Edited by A. Wright & M. N. Hallquist. We describe models for analyzing data from dyadic systems such as therapist-client, mother-child, or romantic partners, among others. We define key characteristics of dyadic systems and then identify clinical research questions related to dyadic systems and processes that unfold over time. We use these questions to select a set of statistical models and data analytic techniques for answering clinical research questions related to dyadic research.

This study examined the relations between personality traits and social problem-solving ability. Personality was measured by the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised, the NEO Five-Factor Inventory, and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Social problem-solving ability was assessed by the Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised, which measures five different dimensions of problem-solving ability. Results of stepwise multivariate multiple regression analyses showed that neuroticism was the strongest predictor of any single problem-solving dimension (negative problem orientation), whereas conscientiousness was the most consistent predictor across all five dimensions. Conscientiousness, openness, and positive affectivity predicted higher problem-solving ability, whereas neuroticism predicted lower ability. Squared multiple correlations for SPS dimensions range from 58% for negative problem orientation to just 19% for rational problem solving.

Abstract
Nowadays, many public policies focus on economic values, such as efficiency and client choice. Public professionals often show resistance to implementing such policies. We analyse this problem using an interdisciplinary approach. From public administration, we draw on the policy alienation concept, which consists of five dimensions: strategic powerlessness, tactical powerlessness, operational powerlessness, societal meaninglessness and client meaninglessness. These are considered as factors that influence the willingness of professionals to implement policies (change willingness — a concept drawn from the change management literature). We test this model in a survey among 478 Dutch healthcare professionals implementing a new reimbursement policy. The first finding was that perceived autonomy (operational powerlessness) significantly influenced change willingness, whereas strategic and tactical powerlessness were not found to be significant. Second, both the meaninglessness dimensions proved highly significant. We conclude that clarifying the value of a policy is important in getting professionals to willingly implement a policy, whereas their participation on the strategic or tactical levels seems less of a motivational factor. These insights help in understanding why public professionals embrace or resist the implementation of particular policies.

Points for practitioners
Policymakers develop public policies which, nowadays, tend to focus strongly on economic values, such as increasing efficiency or offering citizens the opportunity to choose among suppliers of public services. Public professionals, who have to implement these policies, are often reluctant to do so. This study shows that the causes of this resistance are unlikely to be found in the lack of influence these professionals have in the shaping of the policy at the national or organizational level. Rather, professionals might resist implementing policies because they do not see them as meaningful for society, or for their own clients. Therefore, policymakers should focus on this perceived meaninglessness and adopt ways to counter this, for example by intensively communicating the value associated with a policy.

The performance of parameter estimates and standard errors in estimating F. Samejima’s graded response model was examined across 324 conditions. Full information maximum likelihood (FIML) was compared with a 3-stage estimator for categorical item factor analysis (CIFA) when the unweighted least squares method was used in CIFA’s third stage. CIFA is much faster in estimating multidimensional models, particularly with correlated dimensions. Overall, CIFA yields slightly more accurate parameter estimates, and FIML yields slightly more accurate standard errors. Yet, across most conditions, differences between methods are negligible. FIML is the best election in small sample sizes (200 observations). CIFA is the best election in larger samples (on computational grounds). Both methods failed in a number of conditions, most of which involved 200 observations, few indicators per dimension, highly skewed items, or low factor loadings. These conditions are to be avoided in applications.

The American Psychological Association (APA) emphasizes the importance of learning about research within a student’s undergraduate career. According to the APA’s psychology undergraduate guidelines, one of the key learning objectives is to have a strong basis in scientific inquiry and critical thinking. This includes learning completing foundation-level courses should basic skills and concepts in interpreting behavior, consuming research, and applying research design principles to drawing conclusions about psychological phenomena (APA, 2013). Previous research has examined a positive and linear relationship between math anxiety and self-esteem (Wang et al, 2015). These variables play an important role in regards to learning about and conducting research. The present study examined the role that student perceptions of research plays within self-esteem and math anxiety in introductory research courses. A sample of 164 individuals were administered a series of self-report measures to assess math anxiety, self-esteem, and perceptions of research. A mediation analysis will be conducted to explore the potential underlying role of student perceptions of research in the self-esteem-math anxiety association. I have been unable to clean and analyze the results thus far, but these findings will be presented within the poster. This study implicates the need for interventions that focus on improving perceptions of research among psychology students as a means of reducing math anxiety and increasing self-esteem. Future studies are needed to examine these associations using longitudinal data and a larger sample size. Further, a pre-post study would be beneficial in understanding how perceptions of research, math anxiety, and self-esteem may influence success in introductory research courses