Perfume

Este artigo faz parte de uma pesquisa de doutorado na área de design de embalagens para perfumes, cujo objetivo é investigar as possibilidades de tradução dos cheiros em elementos visuais. Em paralelo ao papel do design na comunicação dos efeitos que um perfume propõe desencadear, temos a mensagem publicitária com seu forte apelo verbal. Argumentamos que, para um resultado eficaz, o design deve estar em consonância com tal apelo verbal. Um dos vieses dessa pesquisa de doutorado é investigar a relação que embalagem e mensagem publicitária podem estabelecer. Nesse artigo apresentamos um estudo inicial que explora a percepção do consumidor quanto a relação entre linguagem visual e verbal. Para tanto, selecionamos um caso real de mercado, no qual o consumidor não tem contato com o produto, isto é, um catálogo virtual de perfumes. Realizamos uma pesquisa virtual com consumidores para identificar se as mensagens publicitárias estavam em consonância com a embalagem dos perfumes. Os resulta...

The concentrations and removals of 16 fragrance materials (FMs) were measured in 17 U.S. and European wastewater treatment plants between 1997 and 2000 and were compared to predicted values. The average FM profile and concentrations in U.S. and European influent were similar. The average FM profile in primary effluent was similar to the average influent profile; however, the concentration of FMs was reduced by 14.6-50.6% in primary effluent. The average FM profile in final effluent was significantly different from the primary effluent profile and was a function of the design of the wastewater treatment plant. In general, the removal of sorptive, nonbiodegradable FMs was correlated with the removal of total suspended solids in the plant, while the removal of nonsorptive, biodegradable FMs was correlated with 5-day Biological Oxidation Demand removal in the plant. The overall plant removal (primary + secondary treatment) of FMs ranged from 87.8 to 99.9% for activated sludge plants, 58.6-99.8% for carousel plants, 88.9-99.9% for oxidation ditch plants, 71.3-98.6% for trickling filter plants, 80.8-99.9% for a rotating biological contactor plant, and 96.7-99.9% for lagoons. The average concentration of FMs in final effluent ranged from the limit of quantitation (1-3 ng/L) to 8 µg/L. Measured FM removal and concentrations were compared to predicted values, which were based on industry volume, per capita water use, octanol-water partition coefficient, and biodegradability.

Experimental and clinical studies have shown that fragrance substances can act as prehaptens or prohaptens. They form allergens that are more potent than the parent substance by activation outside or in the skin via abiotic (chemical and physical factors) and/or biotic activation, thus, increasing the risk of sensitization. In the present review a series of fragrance substances with well documented abiotic and/or biotic activation are given as indicative and illustrative examples of the general problem. Commonly used fragrance substances, also found in essential oils, autoxidize on contact with air, forming potent sensitizers that can be an important source for contact allergy to fragrances and fragranced products. Some of them can act as prohaptens and be activated in the skin as well. The experimental findings are confirmed in large clinical studies. When substances with structural alerts for acting as prohaptens and/or prehaptens are identified, the possibility of generating new potent allergens should be considered. Predictive testing should include activation steps. Further experimental and clinical research regarding activation of fragrance substances is needed to increase consumer safety.

clopenta-g-2-benzopyran (HHCB), musk ketone and musk xylene were tested for developmental toxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats (25/group, 3 groups/fragrance, 2 fragrances/corn oil control). Dosages tested were HHCB: 50, 150, 500 mg/kg per day; AHTN: 5, 15, 50 mg/kg per day; musk ketone: 15, 45, 150 mg/kg per day; musk xylene: 20, 60, 200 mg/kg per day. All dosages tested exceeded multiples of the estimated maximal daily human dermal exposure. Treatment (gavage, 5 ml/kg) occurred on GDs 7-17 and Caesarean-sectioning on GD 20. Based on the results of these studies, none of the four fragrances tested were more toxic in the conceptuses than in the dams. Maternal NOAELs were 50, 5, 15 and 20 mg/kg per day for HHCB, AHTN, musk ketone and musk xylene, respectively (150, 50, 45 and 60 mg/kg per day caused clinical signs and reduced weight gain and feed consumption). Developmental NOAELs were 150, 50, 45 and 200 mg/kg per day for HHCB, AHTN, musk ketone and musk xylene, respectively. No adverse effects on embryo-fetal viability, growth or morphology occurred at the highest dosages of AHTN (50 mg/kg per day) or musk xylene (200 mg/kg per day). Developmental toxicity occurred at the high-dosages of HHCB (axial skeletal malformations at 500 mg/kg per day) and musk ketone (increased postimplantation loss and reduced fetal body weight at 150 mg/kg per day). The results of this study indicate that under conditions of normal use, the tested fragrances do not pose a risk to human conceptuses.

Eight pharmaceuticals, two polycyclic musk fragrances and nine endocrine disrupting chemicals were analysed in several waste water treatment plants (WWTPs). A membrane bioreactor in pilot scale was operated at different solid retention times (SRTs) and the results obtained are compared to conventional activated sludge plants (CASP) operated at different SRTs. The SRT is an important design parameter and its impact on achievable treatment efficiencies was evaluated. Different behaviours were observed for the different investigated compounds. Some compounds as the antiepileptic drug carbamazepine were not removed in any of the sampled treatment facilities and effluent concentrations in the range of influent concentrations were measured. Other compounds as bisphenol-A, the analgesic ibuprofen or the lipid regulator bezafibrate were nearly completely removed (removal rates 490%). The operation of WWTPs with SRTs suitable for nitrogen removal (SRT410 days at 10 1C) also increases the removal potential regarding selected micropollutants. No differences in treatment efficiencies were detected between the two treatment techniques. As in conventional WWTP also the removal potential of MBRs depends on the SRT. Ultrafiltration membranes do not allow any additional detention of the investigated substances due to size exclusion. However, MBRs achieve a high SRT within a compact reactor. Nonylphenolpolyehtoxylates were removed in higher extend in very lowloaded conventional WWTPs, due to variations of redox conditions, necessary for the degradation of those compounds.

This essay lays out the premise for the exhibition ‘Bagh-e Hind’ that is conceptualised around the olfactory landscape of Mughal-era South Asia. The first of its kind, this multidisciplinary exhibition is the result of a collaboration between art critic and perfumer Bharti Lalwani (India) and historian and literary scholar Nicolas Roth (USA). Roth, a specialist in Mughal-era horticultural writings, made deliberate selections of five paintings depicting garden scenes from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries for Lalwani to translate into fragrance and Edible Perfume™ .

Bioaccumulation of polycyclic musks (HHCB, AHTN) and nitro musks (musk xylene, musk ketone, and their amino metabolites) in aquatic biota was investigated by analyzing 18 fish samples (rudd, tench, crucian carp, eel) and 1 pooled zebra mussel sample from the pond of a municipal sewage treatment plant. Furthermore, water samples taken at the effluent of the sewage plant as well as water samples and two series of semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) from the pond were included. This comprehensive data set allowed the determination of species-dependent bioaccumulation factors on a lipid basis (BAF L ), e.g., for HHCB the BAF L in tench were more than 20 times higher than in eel. The BAF L for HHCB and AHTN in biota were lower than the partition coefficients K SPMD/W obtained from SPMD samples, which are assumed to represent model bioconcentration values. This stresses that metabolism of these compounds in fish must not be neglected.

Ultrasonically assisted extraction of flavour compounds from different varieties of Mentha spicata, using 70% ethanol, have been carried out for 5, 10 and 15 min and coupled with under vacuum distillation. The ultrasound distilled extracts have been analysed by GC-MS and compared with essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation. The results have showed that ultrasonically assisted extraction in combination with under vacuum distillation have provided extracts with higher flavouring strength due to the increased concentration of desirable oxygenated compounds (from 5 to 8 times) compared with hydrodistillation. Extraction yields of flavour volatiles have been calculated giving a range 0.04-0.13% by ultrasound and 0.01-0.02% by hydrodistillation.

The polycyclic musk fragrances, mainly 1, 3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta(g)-2-benzopyrane (HHCB) and 7-acetyl-1,1,3,4,4,6-hexamethyltetrahydronaphthalene (AHTN) are synthetic musk fragrances which are used in almost all scented consumer products, such as perfumes, cosmetics and laundry detergents. Concerning their chemical structures the polycyclic musks are indane and tetraline derivatives highly substituted mainly by methyl groups. Their production has been increased continuously during the last years with a world-wide production volume today of about 6000 t/year. After their application in private households they are dumped via the sewage treatment plants into the aquatic environment. In this review the analysis of polycyclic musk compounds in environmental samples is shortly presented and all published data of polycyclic musk compounds in water, sediment, suspended particulate matter (SPM), sewage sludge, and biota are summarized and discussed. The highest HHCB and AHTN concentrations were analysed in water (maximum concentrations: 6 mg HHCB/l, 4.4 mg AHTN/l) and sludge (maximum concentrations: 63 mg HHCB/kg dry matter, 34 mg AHTN/kg dry matter) from sewage plants, and in fish (maximum concentrations: 159 mg HHCB/kg lipid, 58 mg AHTN/kg lipid) from sewage ponds. In all other samples from different aquatic ecosystems these chemicals were unequivocally detected in varying concentrations dependent on the distance to sewage treatment plants. Even in marine water samples from the German Bight HHCB and AHTN could be quantified at the lower ng/l level. Very often HHCB and AHTN formed the major organic contaminants, in all samples their concentrations exceeded those of musk xylene and musk ketone. Also several by-products and impurities of the commercial polycyclic musks were analysed in river and waste water samples in not negligible amounts. The apparently ubiquitous distribution of polycyclic musks in the aquatic environment demonstrates the persistence and lipophilicity of these pollutants. The high log K ow values of HHCB and AHTN (5.7 -5.9) do not directly correlate with their relatively low bioconcentration factors (BCFs) derived from fish experiments, this discrepancy may be explained by a particular metabolism in fish. There are indications of a possible species dependent metabolisation. For a general risk assessment of this new group of environmental pollutants besides the missing toxicological data, further studies on the distribution of the polycyclic musk fragrances including their by-products in the aquatic environment, on possible degradation processes in sediment/sludge as well as on the metabolism in fish are urgently needed.

Despite their very different settings and the huge differences between the two murderers, the writers of 'Perfume' and 'American Psycho' choose, as characterisation, to focus on the victimisation of women through the actions of their main protagonists. Both authors raise the question as to whether the brutality of the protagonists actions are committed due to the fact they are both mentally challenged, or whether the development of their morals stem from a deeper hatred of women. Whilst it may appear that Grenouille and Bateman have much in common, both being murderers of women, one could argue that their motivation comes from different places. Grenouille's disturbing actions come, perhaps, from a lack of emotional commitment and indeed more of an objectification of women, while Bateman's actions seem to come more from a sense of hatred and disregard.

meadow fescue, timothy, meadow grass, Penicillium mix, Candida, cereal mix, elm, and plantain were found to be the predominant allergens. Grass pollens appear to be the most important allergen in seasonal rhinitis, whereas weeds were a more common cause of perennial rhinitis than grass pollens.

Background. Linalool is a common fragrance terpene that, in pure form, is not allergenic or is a very weak allergen. However, linalool autoxidizes on air exposure, and the oxidation products can cause contact allergy. In a Swedish study, oxidized linalool 6.0% in petrolatum (pet.) gave 5% positive patch test reactions in 2500 dermatitis patients. Objectives. To investigate whether oxidized linalool 6%, with a stable concentration of the main haptens, the linalool hydroperoxides (Lin-OOHs) in pet., could be a useful tool for the detection of contact allergy in an international setting. Methods. Oxidized linalool 6.0% (Lin-OOHs 1%) pet. was tested in 2900 consecutive dermatitis patients in Denmark, the United Kingdom, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, and Australia. Results. Overall, 6.9% (range 3-13%) of the patients showed positive patch test reactions to oxidized linalool. Doubtful reactions were found in 9.2% of the patients (range 0-36%). Few irritant reactions were seen. Conclusions. In an international setting, oxidized linalool has been shown to be a common allergen. Oxidized linalool 6.0% (Lin-OOHs 1%) pet. is a useful, standardized and stable tool for the detection of contact allergy in dermatitis patients. Many patients showing positive patch test reactions to oxidized linalool would not have been informed of their fragrance allergy if this specific test had not been performed.

The removal of seven pharmaceuticals and two fragrances in the biological units of various full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plants was studied. The observed removal of pharmaceuticals was mainly due to biological transformation and varied from insignificant (<10%, carbamazepine) to>90% (ibuprofen). However, no quantitative relationship between structure and activity can be set up for the biological transformation. Overall, it can be concluded that for compounds showing a sorption coefficient (K(d)) of below 300 L kg(-1), sorption onto secondary sludge is not relevant and their transformation can consequently be assessed simply by comparing influent and effluent concentrations. The two fragrances (HHCB, AHTN) studied were mainly removed by sorption onto sludge. For the compounds studied, comparable transformation and sorption was seen for different reactor types (conventional activated sludge, membrane bioreactor and fixed bed reactor) as well as for sludge ages betwee...

Since the early 1990's, "pheromone colognes" have become a popular, gimmicky product that warrants a discussion at the dinner table among friends. Can a pheromone cologne really make you more attractive to women? Science says so.

According to scientifically backed up research, there are pheromones that can make women perceive you as more attractive, more dominant, and more social.

Some studies on women were carried out where women rated men before and after smelling the pheromone "androstadienone". They concluded that men were perceived up to 10% more attractive after being exposed. There are also several studies on pheromones like androstenol, which has been proven to enhance communication between males and females, and also make men perceive women as more attractive when exposed. We found a review website that investigates these types of products thoroughly.

This thesis examines the representation of the scented female body in the literary culture of late Republican and early Imperial Rome. Recent years have seen increasing scholarly interest in odour and olfaction in antiquity, building on anthropological and sociological research on the cultural relativism of olfactory perception and its associations and interpretations. Through its connections to sexuality, bodily fluids, and corporeal corruption, odour provides a fascinating lens through which to scrutinise the ancient female body.

To this end, this thesis draws together the fields of sensory studies, the body in antiquity, and ancient gender and sexuality, in order to facilitate the first holistic examination of the ways in which scent was used as a means to categorise and evaluate the character, behaviour, and morality of women in ancient Rome. After an analysis of ancient medical associations surrounding odour and the female body, the thesis examines the key properties and thematic concerns of perfumes, first across a range of Roman texts and then in the detailed assessment of perfumes by Pliny the Elder. It then demonstrates that female odour and perfume were deeply embedded in mythical traditions that were richly adapted by Roman poets and themselves extended to embrace female figures that populated the urban environment of Imperial Rome.

It argues that the relationship between the female body and odour was frequently employed as a means of reasserting Roman hierarchies of gender and power. However, it also argues that the odour of the female body was powerful. Odour invaded, captivated and polluted the bodies it touched, and it was also the sense that best correlates to the traditional ambiguities, dangers, and wiles with which women were associated. The sensory manipulation enabled by perfume stoked these ambiguities and anxieties, permitting women a level of control over the ancient sensorium, potentially deceiving discerning male noses and thus disrupting the very hierarchies which characterised women as socially and biologically inferior.

El sexismo en la publicidad del perfume está constantemente presente al mostrarse a la mujer como objeto sexual. A pesar del paso de los años, se sigue representando a la mujer mediante un rol dependiente y sumisa al hombre. Con la intención de indagar sobre este fenómeno, este trabajo se centra en estudiar la percepción que un grupo de estudiantes de grado de la facultad de ciencias sociales y de la comunicación de la universidad de Cádiz del sexismo con el que se representa a la mujer en la publicidad del perfume.

Il est une manière de traiter des parfums dans la langue française
que convoque le beau titre de ce volume —les sentiers du
parfum— dont nous voudrions tenter l’esquisse. Il s’agit précisément
de la dimension praxéologique du cheminement que
mobilise la notion anthropologique de transmission culturelle.
Au cours de ces vingt dernières années, une littérature
conséquente s’est petit à petit constituée autour de la notion
flottante de «culture des odeurs». Alimenté de travaux ethnographiques
plus ou moins détaillés, mais aussi de recherches
de nature plus philologiques portant sur les productions littéraires
françaises en particulier, cette production nous montre
aujourd’hui à quel point le sens de l’odorat engage, au contact
de la matière parfumée, des domaines d’expériences où symbolismes
et affects se nouent dans une configuration qui serait
spécifique à chaque entité culturelle. Plus rare, par contre,
sont les travaux qui ont tenté de comprendre dans quelle mesure la perception olfactive elle-même, au-delà des représentations,
pourrait faire l’objet d’un modelage culturel. Selon la
belle expression de l’historien Alain Corbin, il s’agit dans ce
cas de «détecter la configuration de ce qui est éprouvé et de ce
qui ne peut l’être au sein d’une culture, en un temps donné»
(Corbin, 1990: 14). Ceci est le projet d’une ethnologie des
perceptions olfactives pour laquelle tout, ou presque, reste à
faire.

A identidade de um perfume: análise da relação entre design de embalagem e mensagem publicitária Resumo: Este artigo faz parte de uma pesquisa de doutorado na área de design de embalagens para perfumes, cujo objetivo é investigar as possibilidades de tradução dos cheiros em elementos visuais. Em paralelo ao papel do design na comunicação dos efeitos que um perfume propõe desencadear, temos a mensagem publicitária com seu forte apelo verbal. Argumentamos que, para um resultado eficaz, o design deve estar em consonância com tal apelo verbal. Um dos vieses dessa pesquisa de doutorado é investigar a relação que embalagem e mensagem publicitária podem estabelecer. Nesse artigo apresentamos um estudo inicial que explora a percepção do consumidor quanto a relação entre linguagem visual e verbal. Para tanto, selecionamos um caso real de mercado, no qual o consumidor não tem contato com o produto, isto é, um catálogo virtual de perfumes. Realizamos uma pesquisa virtual com consumidores para identificar se as mensagens publicitárias estavam em consonância com a embalagem dos perfumes. Os resultados são aqui apresentados e discutidos.

Exhibition Review. 'Perfume: a sensory journey through contemporary scent,' curated by Claire Catterall and Lizzie Ostrom (aka Odette Toilette), London, Somerset House, June 21-September 23, 2017.

'Perfume: A Sensory Journey through Contemporary Scent' seeks to release perfume from its bottle and to create a physical space for olfactory reflection. Presenting unconventional fragrances within an interactive space, the exhibition challenges the audience's expectations and preconceptions on what constitutes perfume, and questions the place of smell in artistic practice.

This paper deals with the registrability of non-conventional marks after the EU reform of trade marks and some technological developments, including the Internet of Things (IoT). Even if olfactory marks (scents or smells) are the chosen prism, most considerations apply also to other non-conventional marks, such as holograms, movements, and tastes. In the UK, whereas in theory olfactory trade marks can be registered, there have not been successful applications since the EU Court of Justice's decision in Ralf Sieckmann v Deutsches Patent- und Markenamt. This paper suggests that scents may be more easily registered in the near future as a consequence of the EU reform of trade marks and of technological innovation. The impact of Brexit is critically assessed and the implementation of the EU reform is foreseen.
The yet-to-be-transposed Trade Marks Directive introduces a new definition of trade marks where the graphic representation of the mark is no longer required. Under the new regime, those who want to register a smell will only need to represent it ‘in a manner which enables the competent authorities and the public to determine the clear and precise subject matter of the protection afforded to its proprietor’ (art 3(b)). Some difficulties may remain because the Trade Marks Directive incorporated the so-called Sieckmann criteria, that the (then graphical) representation must be ‘clear, precise, self-contained, easily accessible, intelligible, durable and objective’ (recital 13). However, even not going as far as arguing that ‘the amendments will abolish the Sieckmann judgement’ (Sahin 2016, 513), it is not excluded that the seven criteria may be interpreted differently in the future, for example as meaning that a combination of description, chemical formula and sample may meet the new requirements for registration. Indeed, with the new definition of trade marks there is a shift from the ‘how’ to the ‘who’. It is immaterial how the trade mark is represented (whether graphically or otherwise), as long as the competent authorities and the public can determine the subject matter of the protection. Arguably, the said combination of description, chemical formula, and sample may suffice from the authorities’ perspective. When it comes to the public, it is likely that this requirement will be absorbed by the distinctiveness. An unusual scent used consistently on a range of products or services of a single undertaking and accompanied by heavy advertising would easily put the public in the position to determine the subject matter of the protection, especially if distinctiveness is acquired through use; thus, the requirement could be easily made out. One could foresee a return to the case law ante Sieckmann that valued the customers’ viewpoint and stated, for instance, that an olfactory mark described as freshly cut grass will be recognised immediately by anyone, reminding ‘of spring, or summer, manicured lawns or playing fields, or other such pleasant experiences’ (Senta Aromatic [14]). The customers’ scent-related power of imagination cannot be underestimated. A number of scents can evoke clear memories and feelings.

Artykuł Wizerunek produktu na podstawie opakowania – badanie pilotażowe wizerunku
opakowania perfum Odeur 53 marki Comme des Garçons jest podsumowaniem badania
eksperymentalnego przeprowadzonego wśród studentów Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego oraz
Uniwersytetu SWPS na przełomie roku 2011 i 2012. Celem badania było określenie możliwości
kreowania wizerunków produktu oraz marki poprzez wizerunek elementu corporate identity,
jakim jest opakowanie. Obiekt badawczy stanowiło kartonowe opakowanie perfum Odeur 53
japońskiej marki Comme des Garçons. Przebadano 45 respondentów, metodą wykorzystaną
w badaniu był eksperyment zerowy, a dane do analizy zbierano za pomocą kwestionariusza
do samodzielnego wypełnienia składającego się z ośmiu pytań otwartych, charakterystycznych
dla badań wizerunku.
Wyniki badań wskazują na istotną korelację między wizerunkami opakowania, produktu
i marki. W sytuacji zetknięcia z jednym elementem corporate identity respondenci są w stanie
wnioskować na temat produktu, a także jeszcze szerzej – na temat całej marki. Respondenci
konstruują swój wizerunek tutaj zarówno poprzez aspekty produktowe – kategorie istotne
w perfumach generalnie, takie jak moc perfum, nuty zapachowe, kategorie zapachów; jak
i aspekty wizerunkowe – te dotyczące tożsamości marki, takie jak wartości, cechy, wyróżniki,
opis grupy docelowej.
Warto jednak zaznaczyć pilotażowy charakter badań, które warto by rozszerzyć na większą próbę
badawczą, oraz specyficzny charakter obiektu badawczego – jest to marka mało znana oraz
trudno dostępna, zatem łatwiej o bezpośredni wpływ kontaktu z opakowaniem na wizerunek.

As a non-visual mode of communication, body odour plays a significant role in perceptions of self-identity, the identification of others and the social and psychological aspects of interpersonal exchange. What is more, it is a reflection of our genetic make-up, state of health and our environment. The use of perfume to mask or control body odour is a long-established practice extending from early civilisations. Sprayed on the skin, perfume is understood to stimulate mood or memory, effect cognitive performance or confidence, and even influence sexual attraction. Modern advances in manufacturing technologies however are producing a shift in methods of fragrance delivery. From conventional sprays we are moving toward microencapsulated garments and sensory fashion designs that respond to biometric measures such as heart rate or body temperature. Against this background of technological innovation in fashion and beauty practices, self-labelled ‘body architect’ Lucy McRae has developed the Swallowable Parfum (2011). Wresting smell back into the realm of the conceptual, McRae and collaborator, synthetic biologist Sheref Mansy, propose the release of a unique genetic scent ‘synthesized from the body’s natural processes,’ and emitted through perspiration. Crossing the dermal threshold, Swallowable Parfum internalises what has previously been an external bodily practice. Can McRae’s project be seen simply as an evolution of technological advances predicated on cosmetic surgical procedures that transform the body? Will such a product render subjects alien from their biological selves, and produce crises in relations with others? Does this speculative project widen the scope of olfaction, or can we understand this as yet another way of colonising bodily functions that are recuperated back into commodity? This chapter will explore these possibilities, including the prospect that Swallowable Parfum has the potential to create a revised ‘epidermic self-awareness,’ transcending its own difference to create a new, even if synthesised, embodied subjectivity.

Melihat minat masyarakat dalam segi fashion dan penampilan yang semakin meningkat, Parfum isi ulang menjadi sebuah kebutuhan sekunder yang beralih menjadi sebuah kebutuhan primer dari sebagian masyarakat, dikarenakan harga dari bibit minyak wangi / parfum refill yang relatif murah dan kualitasnya juga tidak jauh beda dengan parfum original. Namun, jika anda masih bingung mau memulai usaha apa dan anda juga masih mencari tentang usaha apa yang potensial dan menguntungkan untuk saat ini, Memulai usaha parfum isi ulang / Refill dapat menjadi pilihan terbaik, dimana usaha parfum isi ulang merupakan salah satu cara yang tepat yang dapat anda pilih untuk mulai mengembangkan kerajaan bisnis anda dibidang minyak wangi yang memiliki prospek yang cerah untuk masa depan. Untuk mengetahui seberapa besar potensi usaha parfum isi ulang / refill, silahkan simak penjelasan kami sebelumnya mengenai potensi usaha parfum isi ulang. Bisnis Parfum Refill By Amorenza Perfume Center Jika anda benar-benar pemula dan baru mau menjalankan usaha parfum isi ulang / refill, pasti anda bertanya-tanya bagaimanakah cara untuk memulai usaha parfum refill?? Untuk lebih jelasnya, silahkan simak artikel kami lainnya mengenai cara memulai usaha parfum isi ulang dari awal. Sebagai Grosir parfum Refill / Isi ulang yang menyediakan berbagai macam kebutuhan dari para pedagang / penjual parfum isi ulang, amor parfum telah dipercaya lebih dari 5 tahun oleh para pedagang parfum/ minyak wangi di berbagai daerah di tanah air. Tonton Video Kami!!! Pertanyaan yang sering kami temui dan sering ditanyakan oleh sebagian besar orang yang tertarik memulai usaha parfum isi ulang, "Apakah memulai Usaha Parfum

This exhibition catalog supported an exhibition of the same name that I curated at the Museum at the Fashion Institute of Technology in 2006. It discusses Lelong's important influence on Parisian and international fashion. It covers themes such as his perfumes, his wife Natalie Paley, his hiring of Christian Dior and Pierre Balmain, and how he was instrumental in saving the Paris haute couture from the Nazi occupiers.

Uma trajetória curta, porém repleta de superações, é aquela percorrida pela Indústria Brasileira de Perfumaria. A assimilação do perfume como objeto de consumo foi rápida, porém a difusão desse produto para toda população foi o oposto. Demorou cerca de um século para que o perfume, no que tange suas fragrâncias e suas embalagens, atingisse um nível de qualidade compatível com o mercado internacional. Ao deixar de lado a referência europeia e investir naquilo que é nacional, com o propósito de atender aquele consumidor de hábitos bem peculiares, a indústria nacional deslanchou. Contudo, vale destacar que parte desse mérito se deve ao design de embalagens, componente indissociável do perfume, sobre o qual pretendemos discorrer nesse trabalho.

A short history, but full of overruns, is the one experienced by the Brazilian Perfumary Industry. The assimilation of the perfume as an object of consumption has been fast, but the distribution of this product to the entire population was the opposite. It took about a century for the perfume, regarding its fragrances and packaging, reached a level of quality compatible with the international market. Leaving aside the European standards and investing in what is national, in order to meet that consumer whose habits are very peculiar, the domestic industry took off. However, it is noteworthy that some of this credit is due to packaging design, inseparable component of perfume, which we intend to talk about this work.

An olfactory artist (Klara Ravat) and an Egyptologist (Dora Goldsmith) came together to create a workshop, where you can make your own perfume based on an ancient Egyptian recipe that dates back to as early as the building of the pyramids. Throughout this workshop, we will follow an ancient Egyptian recipe step-by-step to create a solid perfume. You will receive a copy of the original hieroglyphic text with a translation and explanations, as well as all the required materials. Dora will guide you through the text and present an overview of the history of the recipe. Klara will introduce you to perfume-making and give you an insight into the materials. Beside the traditional, solid perfume, we will also make a modern, liquid version of the fragrance. The workshop will take three hours. At the end of the event, you will go home with two bottles. One of them will contain a solid perfume based on an ancient Egyptian recipe, the other its modern-day, liquid equivalent. Join us to create a piece of fragrant history that you can take home with you! Price: 60€ + ticket fee. Time and Date: July 15, 2018, 3pm-6pm. Location: Lacuna Lab, Berlin-Kreuzberg. https://www.smell-lab.org/ancientegyptian

The mummy kit contains the following:
(1) Six scent reconstructions representing the olfactory landscape of mummification based on my PhD research on the fragrant materials involved in the process of mummification
(2) Two phials to illustrate the substances used to prepare the dead for their next life
(3) An 8-page-long article about the smell of mummification and ancient Egyptian afterlife
Price: 130€ + shipping

Bisnis Paket franchise Parfum Refill yang Amor Parfum sediakan adalah program bisnis jangka panjang di bidang parfum refill yang sedang amor parfum kembangkan mulai dari tahun 2016 dengan tujuan agar lebih banyak orang dapat menikmati hasil dari sebuah bisnis parfum refill dengan sistem yang lebih terorganisir, mudah dijalankan dan menguntungkan. Dengan sistem franchise atau waralaba, akan terbentuk suatu icon yang familiar di mata masyarakat, dengan jaringan bisnis yang semakin hari semakin meluas ke berbagai penjuru nusantara, seiring bertambahnya mitra yang bergabung dengan kami dari hari ke hari. Dengan sistem ini pula, kami mengajak para pedagang baru untuk tidak berjuang sendirian, sehingga para pedagang baru akan mampu bersaing dengan pedagang lainnya yang telah lebih dulu memulai usaha parfum refill ini.

Proceedings of DRS 2014: Design's Big Debates. ISBN: 978-91-7601-068-6

The present paper is an exploratory research within packaging design for perfumes. It discusses about the possibility of enhancing the experience of the user by associating the visual language with the smells. It is common sense in the design field the importance of user experience. Designers from different areas have been discussing a way of enhance it. One of the approaches which appear in this scenario is the term (multi)sensorial. It is believed in the contribution of this approach for the packaging design. It is interest of the authors the use of color as a language in design able to enhance the communication, and consequently, the experience. The authors investigate the relationship that the colors can establish with the smells. They start from the assumption that it is possible to establish an association between the senses of vision and smell. They believe that, once synchronized, visual and olfactory stimuli may increase the perception of a perfume. Therefore the paper explores and discusses the visual and olfactory senses and their meanings. Moreover, it is proposed an intersemiotic translation between these senses.