Online Marketing

Interpersonal influence and word-of-mouth (WOM) are ranked the most important information source when a consumer is making a purchase decision. This influence may be especially important in the hospitality and tourism industry, whose intangible products are difficult to evaluate prior to their consumption. When WOM becomes digital, the largescale, anonymous, ephemeral nature of the Internet induces new ways of capturing, analyzing, interpreting, and managing online WOM. This paper describes online interpersonal influence, or eWOM, as a potentially cost-effective means for marketing hospitality and tourism, and discusses some of the nascent technological and ethical issues facing marketers as they seek to harness emerging eWOM technologies.

This article aims to examine the online buying behavior among a group of Internet users. Based on a sample of over 3,700 Internet users, this study explores their informationseeking patterns as well as their motivations and concerns for online shopping. Factor analysis and cluster analysis were used to classify the respondents into six types of online shoppers. Coupled with their demographic information and actual buying behavior, it was possible to constitute a distinct profile for each of the segments. Discriminant analysis was also conducted to seek out the important attitudinal variables that differentiated the various clusters of online shoppers. The implications of such classification are also discussed.

This paper reviews the criticism on the 4Ps Marketing Mix framework, the most popular tool of traditional marketing management, and categorizes the main objections of using the model as the foundation of physical marketing. It argues that applying the traditional approach, based on the 4Ps paradigm, is also a poor choice in the case of virtual marketing and identifies two main limitations of the framework in online environments: the drastically diminished role of the Ps and the lack of any strategic elements in the model. Next to identifying the critical factors of the Web marketing, the paper argues that the basis for successful E-Commerce is the full integration of the virtual activities into the company’s physical strategy, marketing plan and organisational processes. The four S elements of the Web-Marketing Mix framework present a sound and functional conceptual basis for designing, developing and commercialising Business-to-Consumer online projects. The model was originally developed for educational purposes and has been tested and refined by means of field projects; two of them are presented as case studies in the paper.

P roduct fit uncertainty (defined as the degree to which a consumer cannot assess whether a product's attributes match her preference) is proposed to be a major impediment to online markets with costly product returns and lack of consumer satisfaction. We conceptualize the nature of product fit uncertainty as an information problem and theorize its distinct effect on product returns and consumer satisfaction (versus product quality uncertainty), particularly for experience (versus search) goods without product familiarity. To reduce product fit uncertainty, we propose two Internet-enabled systems-website media (visualization systems) and online product forums (collaborative shopping systems)-that are hypothesized to attenuate the effect of product type (experience versus search goods) on product fit uncertainty.

Social media is a pervasive platform, and consumers increasingly want to connect with it. The growth of mobile devices has increased connectivity to social media, but accessing social media platforms has uncovered interesting results with gender differences between males and females. Trust models have evolved to take account of website interactivity, website environment design, and brand effect on brand trust. Themes on ability, benevolence, integrity, and predictability are also influencers on brand trust. Increasing access to social media is changing attitudes and behaviour to challenge established social and behavioural norms. Brands in the online and offline environments are exposed to risks, but the sheer level of interactivity and connectedness of social media increases the consequence of negative responses. However, the use of brand communities could be a way forward to negate the risk of brand contamination.

This paper develops and empirically validates customer shopping motives taking account of customer channel selection in multichannel systems. As each channel is associated with certain advantages and disadvantages from a customer's perspective, we develop – based on behavioral considerations – a customer typology to classify different segments of customers. This enables us to empirically analyze the interrelationship between distinct shopping motives prior marketing research has suggested and cannibalization and synergetic effects in online–offline multichannel systems. Our results show that a higher degree of customers' convenience orientation in contrast to the degree of risk aversion and service orientation encourages the selection of the online channel over the offline channel. In addition, we develop and empirically analyze a typology of customers to classify distinct segments of consumers, highlighting the associated interrelationship of individual shopping motives and cannibalization and synergetic effects. Our results indicate that the desire for service, rather than risk aversion, could potentially cannibalize customers away from the online channel.

With their exceptional interactive and communicative capabilities, Online Social Networks (OSNs) allow
destinations and companies to heighten their brand awareness. Many tourist destinations and hospitality
brands are exploring the use of OSNs to form brand awareness and generate positive WOM. The purpose
of this research is to propose and empirically test a theory-driven model of brand awareness in OSNs. A
survey among 230 OSN users was deployed to test the theoretical model. The data was analyzed using
SEM. Study results indicate that building brand awareness in OSNs increases WOM traffic. In order to foster
brand awareness in OSN, it is important to create a virtually interactive environment, enabling users
to exchange reliable, rich and updated information in a timely manner. Receiving financial and/or psychological
rewards and accessing exclusive privileges in OSNs are important factors for users. Both system
quality and information quality were found to be important precursors of brand awareness in OSNs.
Study results support the importance of social media in online branding strategies. Virtual interactivity,
system quality, information content quality, and rewarding activities influence and generate brand
awareness, which in return, triggers WOM.

This study provides insight into how social relationships perspective influence on online Word-of- Mouth and knowledge sharing on social networking sites (SNSs). By using the sample from 385 Egyptian college students - who spend more time on SNSs, this study investigates the relationship among the use of SNSs, users’ social Relationships, online Word-of-Mouth, and knowledge sharing.

Partial Least Square (PLS) was utilized to examine the hypotheses through a questionnaire designed on the Likert seven-point scale. The results indicated that the intensity of usage of SNSs is a positively related with social relationship factors which has a positive effect on online WOM; in addition, online WOM has positively significant influence on knowledge sharing. The results also indicated that male students are found to have more social relationship than female counterparts do. Male students feel more strongly about knowledge sharing when they perceive that online WOM communication is good.

Presently almost anyone can publish a website. The interest in using the Web as a competitive weapon by individuals, businesses, and governments is increasing as well. Little has addressed the applicability and implementation of several published website evaluation criteria. This work is an attempt to develop a comprehensive set of evaluation criteria for general websites in line with international standards for website design. The proposed evaluation criteria are used to analyze the top 10 websites in UAE in order to measure their compliance with the developed criteria. The proposed criteria can be used as a benchmark of website quality and compliance.

Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to identify how pure-play fashion retailers can simulate attachment to their web sites (through trust, loyalty and purchase intentions) by using different communication mediums (static image, moving image, and text/image combination) to overcome the intangible nature of the online sales environment. Design/methodology/approach -Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling using AMOS 16.0 are used to test 12 hypothesized relationships generated from the literature review. A sample of 688 female young fashion consumers from The University of Manchester participated in this study.

Advertisement choice is an online marketing technique where viewers of videotaped content are allowed to choose the advertisement they want to watch during a commercial break. The purpose of this study was to examine how this choice influenced viewers’ expectations of the content they were about to witness.
Two hundred seventy-one students participated in a between-participant quasi-experimental study. After watching a YouTube video, one group of participants chose to watch a MP3 advertisement instead of an advertisement for a digital camera. The other group of participants was not given a choice and watched the same advertisement. Participants’ expectations were measured using six 7-point Likert items. The results of the study found that participants who chose to watch the MP3 option had significantly higher expectations of the upcoming advertisement than the participants who did not get a choice. These results parallel previous findings for female but not male online viewers. As a result, female
viewers may go through a different series of cognitive processes when  encountering advertisement choice compared to their male counterparts. Regardless of any cognitive differences, increases in advertisement expectations could potentially influence other important online marketing outcomes such as
advertisement avoidance behaviors.

Many television viewers are making the transition to online services. One main motivation for this transition is to limit or eliminate advertisement exposure. As a result, online advertisers are developing new techniques to compensate for this avoidance. One technique, advertisement choice, allows online viewers to select the message they watch. Previous research on advertisement choice has shown various cognitive effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the number of options presented within this choice moderated these effects. Participants from two Midwestern universities (United States institutions) were randomly assigned to conditions that varied in the number of options. Some participants were not allowed to choose what type of message to watch (i.e. zero options). Other participants
were presented with a choice between two, three, or six options. The amount of cognitive effort allocated to the advertisement after the choice manipulation was the dependent variable of this study. The results showed a curvilinear relationship between the number of choice options and cognitive effort. Effort was significantly higher for choices using two and three options compared to no choice and six options. These results demonstrate that there is a complex relationship between advertisement choice and various psychological outcomes for viewers.

Television's perceived weakness at the turn of the century opened a rhetorical and economic space for entrepreneurs eager to curate and distribute web programs. These companies introduced various forms of experimentation they associated with the advantages of digital technologies, but they also maintained continuity with television's business practices. This dialectic between old and new, continuity and change, insiders and outsiders, reflected the instability of television as a concept and the promise of the web as an alternative. Using articles in the trade press, this essay explores the history of episodic web programming-variously called web series, webisodes, bitcoms, web television and, in its earliest form, cybersoaps-as new media network executives hoped to replicate but also differentiate themselves from legacy media.

Abstract: The paper presents a theoretical framework of online hotel reservation systems'(OHRS) design. The author introduces the value model of an OHRS as a central concept in the OHRS's design process. Several marketing principles of the system's design are presented-ease of use, information sufficiency, information transparency, personalized service, ease of updating, compatibility, and interactivity.

This paper examines how online retailers can combine their strategies on differentiation and market scope (segmentation) to increase customer satisfaction and loyalty. Drawing on a sample of UK grocery e-buyers, the authors classified e-shoppers as either goal-oriented or experiential, and empirically assessed the impact of a number of possible differentiation strategies on the satisfaction and loyalty of each shopper segment. The results show that differentiation based on customisation, product assortment and website design are more effective when directed at the experiential shopper. On the other hand, differentiation based on customer care, convenience and value for money are more successful when focused on the goal-oriented shopper. The authors also found that satisfaction is more likely to generate loyalty for the goal-oriented segment rather than for the experiential shopper.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the content of food industry web sites targeting children by advergames with the purpose of granting brand loyalty and trust toward the products of certain companies in Hungary.

Design/methodology/approach – Scientific investigation conducted by two independent researchers included the content analysis of a total of 50 advergames integrated in 11 food company affiliated web sites.

Findings – Advergames are successful promotion strategies that reinforce brand recognition and positive associations toward food products.

Practical implications – By influencing and encouraging children's cognitive processes, advergames affect their natural development.

Originality/value – A content analysis of advergames has not yet been conducted in Hungary. By introducing psychological factors, the present paper can contribute to finding additional approaches to understand the effects of advergames on children.

This paper details the usage of online communities to influence consumer price sensitivity for expensive, medium, and low cost products by formulating a research instrument, which is accomplished through an extensive literature review of price effects prevalent in the online domain. The research study further examines the impact of reference price effect, difficult comparison effect, price quality effect, and switching cost effect on consumer price sensitivity and proceeds to segment consumers into groups which demonstrate similar characteristics. Organisations benefit by identifying the strategically significant consumers in each category and target them appropriately rather than investing in a blanket promotion program. The objective is to enable organisations to identify consumers demonstrating future profit or relationship potential and devise strategies to impact price sensitivity by responding to price search intentions, improving product perceptions, improving consumer experi...

The Internet has become the primary channel for the purchase of a number of travel-related products including airline tickets, hotel reservations, car rental, tickets to events and attractions, etc. This study examines the pattern of travel-related products purchased online by American travelers. The results of this study indicate that there is a strong hierarchical structure in the purchasing of eight travel-related products. In addition, it appears that American travelers can be roughly classified into three travel product groups, ranging from the ‘Core Internet Traveler’ and ‘Advanced Internet Traveler’ to the ‘Comprehensive Internet (or Complete) Traveler.’ Finally, an analysis of the travelers indicates that they differ significantly in terms of demographic characteristics, information search behavior, and travel planning activities. These findings offer a number of important implications for destination marketing.

In recent years, regarding the turbulent and dynamic online markets, companies need to implement multifarious policies to be able to survive. They employ different technologies to enhance their core competencies. The pervasive impact of the internet and online environment for customers directed many corporations to perceive online customer experience toward companies' services as an unlikely hot topic.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of the Internet use on customer relations and targeting activities. Based on the previous literature, the effect of the Internet on marketing activities has been categorised into four basic dimensions, 1) marketing and customer relations activities, 2) marketing targeting activities, 3) marketing performance, and 4) marketing efficiency. However, few empirical studies have been done regarding customer relations and targeting activities that are affected by the use of the Internet, and the effect of that on marketing efficiency. By studying the practice of 123 UK companies, it has been found that the use of the Internet positively influences customer relations and targeting activities, marketing performance and marketing efficiency.

In our fast-changing technological world, the line between the offline and online world has become blurred and individuals are faced with constant opportunities to divulge personal details. The process of disclosing sensitive information to others is necessary for establishing, maintaining, and building relationships, both with people and businesses; however, it also creates opportunities for misuse of the disclosed information. Consumers who are willing to disclose personal information online may often be unaware of the full implications of such disclosure. By thoroughly exploring the origins and processes of self-disclosure, and outlining its development in interpersonal and online communication, individuals will become more aware of their (sometimes competing) implicit and explicit disclosure behaviors necessary for enacting strong privacy management. Utilizing communication privacy management (CPM) theory, this article proposes a framework for ongoing consideration of how self-disclosure and privacy function online. By framing privacy in terms of the literature of communicative self- disclosure, CPM instructs the building of privacy boundaries that are functional for consumers and marketers alike, allowing people to protect themselves online while also ensuring their continued enjoyment of Internet provided benefits.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to create an understanding of the true nature of contemporary SME marketing activities. While acknowledging operational constraints, the paper aims to hypothesize that, if effective marketing planning was employed, this would improve the long-term growth of small to medium-sized enterprises. The paper seeks to assess the implications current practices may have on the long-term survival of enterprises and to identify significant SME marketing
development and training needs.
Design/methodology/approach – A marketing audit approach yielded data from the collation of 125 completed online questionnaires within the East of England region. Statistical analysis using SPSS was applied to produce an in-depth quantitative analysis of these data. In addition, qualitative data
were collected through face-to-face interviews of some 20 owner-managers. These responses were further inductively analysed and interpreted.
Findings – Data analysis demonstrated a significant disparity between their perceived marketing effectiveness compared with their actual practices recorded at interview. Significantly, they failed to understand why campaigns did not yield results, as they routinely did not employ appropriate controls and procedures. SMEs believed that they were fully cognisant of the effectiveness of their marketing activity, through further exploration; evidence revealed that they failed to employ sufficient review procedures, and in the extreme cases these procedures were non-existent. A direct correlation was also witnessed between company size and the application of effective marketing planning. Larger enterprises demonstrated a greater awareness of strategic marketing competence.
Originality/value – Their ability to understand their marketplace and to become truly competitive relies on SMEs developing a deeper understanding of their current marketing decision-making
processes through the systematic adoption of more robust strategic procedures. In summary, there is
an observable difference between

The main objective of this article is to examine online banking service quality factors that influence customer satisfaction in Visakhapatnam city, Andhra Pradesh, India. Data was collected through structured questionnaire from a sample of 513 respondents. Factor analysis was done to find out the contribution of each variable and multiple regression was used to test the hypothesis. This study found six factors, responsiveness, reliability, privacy and security, ease of use, website design and information quality that have positive influence on customer satisfaction. The findings help the banker to identify the critical areas to pay attention to increase customer satisfaction in online banking.

This study aims at assisting Higher Education Institutions to gain a better understanding of the online communication strategies that influence students in developing a brand image of their universities. In order to investigate this phenomenon, the researchers proceeded as follows: first the concept of online communication strategies in HE was defined and supported by the literature review. Then, a conceptual framework that links brand equity of the university with its online strategy was developed and empirically tested through a survey questionnaire. The survey was distributed to a sample of 200 students in two different types of universities representing the foreign and private universities in Egypt. Results supported the idea that the website is a simple reflection of the university's image and activities. Students who were satisfied with their university website found it more cheerful and mirroring the true image and activities of the university. Results also indicated that there is a strong correlation between the website strategy and the corporate brand image of the university. Brand loyalty was found to be positive among the sample. The overall corporate image of the university was highly dependent on students' evaluation of the university website. Research results can be used as a useful tool to enhance brand image and to improve interactivity within the online communication strategies adopted by the Egyptian Higher Education Institutions.

Purpose -This chapter expands traditional approaches to Corporate Reputation Management by employing postmodernist approaches to value co-creation in order to identify how Facebook Features can be used to facilitate company-consumer Corporate Reputation co-creation.

This article seeks to explore factors responsible for the adoption of online marketing by second hand (used) car dealers to sellers in Ghana. A conceptual framework was adopted from the extant literature using the Technology Acceptance Model as a theoretical base. This article adopts a quantitative research approach. Data for the study was obtained from 60 second hand car sellers through a self-administered questionnaire. Findings from this study revealed that factors responsible for online marketing adoption by second hand car dealers in Ghana are: perceived usefulness (marketing online, customer demand and increase productivity; ease of use (ability to upload pictures, interaction with clients, and online vehicles sales) of the platform. The study however, found no significant relationship between IT knowledge of the owner/manager, age of business and adoption of the online technology. This article highlights the importance of technology adoption in business among SMEs from techno...

Social media has become a major information platform allowing businesses to engage with tourists. Small Tourism Enterprises (STEs) have commenced using social media for tourism purposes by maintaining a brand page on Facebook. The literature on Facebook adoption by STEs is expanding but limited, especially the discussion around building Facebook presence and strategy. Indeed, Facebook use by STEs is at an early stage of uptake hence the early adopters of this relatively new phenomenon can provide important insights regarding their Facebook use and strategy. The article examines separate case studies of eight Australian accommodation STEs and reports insights into Facebook use and implementation. Notably, even with early adopters, a pre-planned Facebook strategy was found to be poorly understood and in many instances had not been developed and implemented appropriately. Although focused on Australia, the findings have the potential to be related to small tourism operators in other countries.

In order to reduce information asymmetries in the tourist industry, consumers refer to multiple information sources. Among these, e-reviews are supposed to better reflect quality of information because they are based on consumers’ past experiences. The first purpose of this study is therefore to test within an experimental design whether e-reviews have a predominant or a complementary role on consumer behaviour in comparison with other sources of information (hotel rating system, travel guides and recommendations of travel agents). As expected, e-reviews are the most referential information source. We further use a causal model in order to detect the determinants of trust in e-reviews, and we can show that perceived expertness of e-reviews, credibility of the e-platform and brand familiarity explain more than 60% of trust in e-reviews. The final part of the analysis is dedicated to our third research purpose which is the measurement of the impact of trust in e-reviews on choice of accommodations. A significant and positive influence can be demonstrated. Hence, scientific and managerial implications are discussed.

Hospital web sites need to operate as effective web resources of information and interactive communication mediums to address the multifaceted requirements of their main stakeholders, (i.e. patients, healthy citizens, healthcare professionals and local communities). In case of public hospitals, web sites should also be considered as a mean to provide governmental electronic services. The main objective of this study is to provide an evaluation framework for hospital web sites. The proposed framework focuses on three main criteria: information, communication and electronic services. A total of 53 Greek hospital web sites within the Public Sector were evaluated based on a 67-item scale. The main findings of the study were the following: (a) the majority of the web sites in the analysis failed to support necessary web-based transactions between the institutions and their stakeholders (b) web sites are lacking important features regarding provision of information and communication practices. Improvements on interaction and information quality are necessary in order for the institutions to provide a viable and useful online environment for patients and citizens.

Diffusion of information in social networks takes more and more attention from marketers. New methods and algorithms are constantly developed towards maximizing reach of the campaigns and increasing their effectiveness. One of the important research directions in this area is related to selecting initial nodes of the campaign to result with maximizing its effects represented as total number of infections. To achieve this goal, several strategies were developed and they are based on different network measures and other characteristics of users. The prob-lem is that most of these strategies base on static network proper-ties while typical online networks change over time and are sensi-tive to varying activity of users. In this work a novel strategy is proposed which is based on multiple measures with additional parameters related to nodes availability in time periods prior to the campaign. Presented results show that it is possible to com-pensate users with high network measures by others having high frequency of system usage, which, instead, may be easier or cheaper to acquire.

Traditionally museum visitors have had to physically go to a museum to experience what it has to offer. However, many museums can now be accessed directly from anywhere in the world via an Internet connection. Of course the facilities on offer on-line are different and not of the same quality as the real museum itself. However access to some resources such as the museum store and records could potentially be better than those available at the actual museum. This article explores how museums have been using the Internet for access to their collections, and how they could use it in the future, especially from the virtual visitor's point of view. Two case studies of a large and small museum which have embraced the technology seriously are included.

Viral campaigns on the Internet may follow variety of models, de-pending on the content, incentives, personal attitudes of sender and recipient to the content and other factors. Due to the fact that the knowledge of the cam-paign specifics is essential for the campaign managers, researchers are constant-ly evaluating models and real-world data. The goal of this article is to present the new knowledge obtained from studying two viral campaigns that took place in a virtual world which followed the branching process. The results show that it is possible to reduce the time needed to estimate the model parameters of the campaign and, moreover, some important aspects of time-generations relation-ship are presented.

Online marketing has influenced the consumers all around the world. This opens up a way for the
small enterprises to enter the international market and enjoy the benefits like the MNCs located in
different parts of the world. Advertising products and manipulating the customers to buy is one of
the techniques used by the international companies. As a result some companies take standardization
as an incentive to attract customers while some use customization or personalization to
manipulate them. This as a result that has created a debate between different marketers to choose
a beneficial way to satisfy by attracting different customers. This article focuses on various problems
which marketers face in terms of online retailing as well as different obstacles encountered
by consumers while making buying decisions for standardized or customized products through
online Medium (Internet).

Nowadays, people live in a society that has fuelled the growth of information delivered across many communication channels. Technology has enabled the 'knowledification' of our society (providing information through digital means). Undoubtedly, the Internet is the world's largest communication network which has ported data across various conduits to provide information and in many ways, continues to shape us as a society. Information if available '24/7' often contributing towards technological connectivity and technological anxiety. Some of the key factors which have contributed to this are the sense of information availability and searchability. Moreover, digital search has assumed a position of central importance in the way that people access and use online information and services in everyday life. In this article, the author examines the dominance of search, the power it presents to those who control it, its role in shaping access to information, and its capacity to function as a reflection of our society. By shaping both what people know and how people know it, search engines and their organisations are able to wield an immense amount of social power. In doing so, the author revisits the concept of search and unmasks its ability to act as a social control or gatekeepers of information which shapes society. The contribution of this paper is summarised in the Search Engine Success Model which examines how society is shaped through search engine organisations who are gatekeepers of information.

Parity clauses, also known as most-favoured-nation clauses, are designed to address the hold-up problem in vertical relations and facilitate investment and efficiencies by the downstream platform. However, when designed too broadly, they have the potential of undermining the dynamics of competition and reducing consumer welfare. This paper explores the welfare effects of parity clauses and reflects on the level of intervention they may call for. It reviews the possible theories of harm associated with parity clauses and draws a dividing line between the effects generated by narrow and wide parity.

Full paper available to download on: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17441056.2016.1148870

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Individual usage of social media is expected to have a growing impact on the corporate reputation of organisations. Influential users of social media can disseminate positive or negative information and opinions about products, services, brands or businesses among members of their online networks in the social media spaces. The impact of such actions can often be substantial; negative information and opinions posted in social networks, blogs, online communities and forums has the potential to reach large numbers of people and substantially impact on the organisation's image and reputation. It is important for organisations to identify the online influencers -customers with important social networking impact -and identify ways to interact with them in order to respond efficiently to bad publicity or customer attacks. This study, based on extensive literature review and experts panel study based on the Delphi method, we construct a model identifying the social media influencers and the impact of these influencers on the corporate reputation.

""Abstract: E-shopping is increasingly becoming most popular in Malaysia by supplanting the traditional store shopping behavior of the large number of customers. The main purpose of this study is to test the critical factors that are influencing the Malaysian consumers towards e-shopping. A total of 255 valid cases were selected for data analysis through self-administered questionnaires by using the random sampling method. The data were collected from those Malaysian consumers who had a minimum experience on e-shopping. Descriptive statistics was employed to identify the respondents’ demographic information. The data were examined using the associated principal components and exploratory factor analysis as well as computation on correlations to identify the factors that are influencing the Malaysian consumers on e-shopping, to determine the underlying dimensionality, convergent validity and discriminant validity. Importantly, this paper employs the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique to perform a confirmatory factor analysis and test the hypothesized positive correlation between the exogenous and the endogenous constructs. Based on the statistical analyses, the resultant findings revealed that cognitive, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use had a positive impact on the e-shopping under the Malaysian context. The main contribution of this study is that it recommends a way to assess the integrity of the online vendors in order to frame further strategies that can conducively attract the Malaysian consumers to interact in the e-shopping activities. This study has proposed a hypothesized model that needs further investigation for future researches.

Key words: E-shopping, Cognition, Perceived usefulness, Perceived ease of use, Malaysian consumers.
""

This study investigated the relationships between the ethics of online retailing and customer perceived value in Turkish retail cyberspace. The data was obtained from the responses of 206 Turkish customers who had purchased at least an item online in the last 4 months. The results revealed that there were significant relationships between the dimensions of the ethics of online retailing security, privacy, non deception, fulfillment and customer perceived value. The limitations of the study and the suggestions for future research were presented.