Encryption

Folios 1v-6r of the Voynich Manuscript, a mysterious codex that was written in an unknown language during the 15th or 16th century, contains various illustrations of plants, and these diagrams offer valuable clues about the text and its meaning (1). The labels associated with these diagrams were roughly translated to various derivatives of Proto-Indo-European languages (Latin, Italian, French, Spanish, and Portuguese). This was done using a frequency-based character map where the most common characters in Voynichese were mapped to the most frequent characters in the target language. The translated text was manually checked to identify words with possible meaning in a target language, and the meanings of those words were cross-referenced with Dr. Gerard Cheshire's work to identify which words were false positives and which were likely correct translations. Our mapping helps validate Dr. Cheshire's research on the plants described in the first ten folios of the Voynich Manuscript and provides further insight into the information contained in those folios (2). Since the Voynich Manuscript is over six hundred years old and may possess information that reveals novel remedies to common diseases and plants that were previously undiscovered, it can provide meaningful information that could alter the field of medicine. Also, because of the use of Vulgar Latin after the fall of the Roman Empire, the text may give clues about this purely spoken language. Voynich Manuscript | MS 408 | Romance Languages | Medieval Plants | Natural Language Processing | Latin

Encryption algorithms provide the securely transmitted data over insecure communication channels. In this paper a different stream cipher scheme is presented which is very simple in hardware implementation and provides relatively high level of security. Geffe generator is used for the generation of a complex key in a unique way. In this modified scheme, keystream is dependent not only on the inputs of the Geffe generator but also on the Gold Codes generated with the help of outputs of pseudo noise (PN) sequences of the two inputs of Geffe generator. Further complexity of the key is increased by introducing automatic shift of the contents of one LFSR to generate a new Gold code.

Security and efficiency of transferred data is the main concern in big data and cloud computing service. Fully Homomorphic Encryption is one of the most recent solutions that ensure the security and confidently. This paper expected to lead precise writing on the subject of Fully Homomorphic Encryption and its Application. The primary point of the audit is to pick up knowledge of the Fully Homomorphic Encryption and to locate the best way to deal with executing it. First, Fully Homomor-phic Encryption Algorithms were discovered since 2009. After this year, different approaches were followed in order to enhance the scheme such as Fully Homomor-phic Encryption based on Integer (DGHV) Scheme, Fully Homomorphic Encryption based on BGV schemes, Multi-key Fully Homomorphic Encryption Scheme and Fully Homomorphic Encryption based on GSW. This paper uses a systematic review of Fully Homomorphic Encryption technologies. The technique is performed to lead this methodical writing included utilizing the examination inquiries or research questions to determine keywords which were then used to search for bits of peer-reviewed papers, articles or book at scholastic directories. Through introductory hunts, 250 papers and scholarly works were found and with the assistance of choice criteria and PRISMA methodology, the number of papers reviewed decreased to 24. Jadad scale used to measure the quality of selected publications. Most of the papers developed new schemes on Fully Homomorphic Encryption to enhance efficiency and reduce noise. Other papers developed a new algorithm to improve the security of the transferred data. Last Thematic modeling analysis presented in this paper to ensure that all the articles were related to Fully Homomorphic Encryption and cloud computing.

Communication techniques have witnessed rapid development in recent years, especially the internet and the mobile network, which led to rapid data transmission. The latest developments, in turn, have come out with advanced decisions to secure information from eavesdropping. Myriad in-depth studies in cryptography. It was implemented with the intention of proposing a revolutionary solution to protect data by encryption techniques, tend maps, and logistics. This work had proposed a new design to the generator of pseudo-random numbers (GPRN) which had utilized multi chaotic systems. Synchronization of Multi-parameters chaotic arises in many applications, in natural or industrial systems. Many methods have been introduced for using a chaotic system in the encryption of data. Analysis of security of chaotic system had been executed on key sensitivity and key space.

The value added taxes (VATs) of the East African Community (EAC) are open to manipulation and are leaking revenue from tradable services transactions. The EAC’s response has been to adopt a unique Reverse VAT mechanism. Something more is needed – a Digital Invoice Customs Exchange. Together these adjustments will provide a world-class solution to a world-wide problem. The EAC appears to be moving in this direction.

The vulnerability of the EAC VATs to tradable services is not surprising. The EAC borrowed VAT designs from the major VAT models, the EU VAT and the New Zealand Goods and Services Tax (NZ GST). Both of these models have the same flaw.

The flaw is structural. Both the EU VAT and the NZ GST classify supplies in two groups, goods and services, when in fact there are three classes. Each member of the EAC adopts the same classification.

The main question addressed in this paper is: Is it possible to construct a digital customs clearance regime a digital invoice based system that would advance to a customs exchange (Digital Invoice Customs Exchange, or DICE)? Could a secure, searchable, real-time digital record be kept of all imported tradable services? The EAC is close to doing this today.

This paper will show how fraudsters use tradable services to steal VAT receipts intended for the government. It will explain how the Reverse VAT (common in residence-based VAT/GST systems) attempts to block this fraud, and then demonstrates how data security measures (digital invoices) when coupled with a real-time remote audits (made possible with customs exchanges) will identify and largely eliminate B2B frauds in cross-border trades and most importantly tradable services.

It may not be common for the EAC to find itself at the forefront of global tax policy/tax design, but this is where it finds itself today. Neither the EU nor NZ are ready for the solution that the EAC can implement now. The EAC can demonstrate the elegance of an advanced technological solution to a global VAT problem. It should do so.