Distortion

Patient motion during brain SPECT studies can c l e m resolution and introduce distortion. We have developed a correction method which incorporates a motion tracking system to monitor the position and orientation of the patient's head during acquisition. Correction is achieved by spatially repositioning projections according to measured head movements and reconstructing these projections with a fully three-dimensional (3D) algorithm. The method has been evaluated in SPECT studies of the Hoffman 3D brain phantom performed on a triple head camera with fan beam collimation. Movements were applied to the phantom and recorded by a head tracker during SPECT acquisition. Fully 3D reconstruction was performed using the motion data provided by the tracker. Correction accuracy was assessed by comparing the corrected and uncorrected studies with a motion free study, visually and by calculating mean squared error (MSE). In all studies, motion correction reduced distortion and improved MSE by a factor of 2 or more. We conclude that this method can compensate for head motion under clinical SPECT imaging conditions. 0-7803-5021 -9/99/$10.00 0 1999 IEEE.

In this paper, we present a novel high bit rate LSB audio data hiding method that reduces embedding distortion of the host audio. Using the proposed two-step algorithm, hidden bits are embedded into the higher LSB layers, resulting in increased robustness against noise addition. In addition, listening tests showed that perceptual quality of watermarked audio is higher in the case of the proposed method than the perceptual quality obtained using the standard LSB method.

It is shown how, within the framework of general relativity and without the introduction of wormholes, it is possible to modify a spacetime in a way that allows a spaceship to travel with an arbitrarily large speed. By a purely local expansion of spacetime behind the spaceship and an opposite contraction in front of it, motion faster than the speed of light as seen by observers outside the disturbed region is possible. The resulting distortion is reminiscent of the "warp drive" of science fiction. However, just as it happens with wormholes, exotic matter will be needed in order to generate a distortion of spacetime like the one discussed here.

In recent years there has been an increased interest in audio steganography and watermarking. This is due primarily to two reasons. First, an acute need to improve our national security capabilities in light of terrorist and criminal activity has driven new ideas and experimentation. Secondly, the explosive proliferation of digital media has forced the music industry to rethink how they

We describe the performance of a bulk micromachined deformable mirror coated with a dielectric stack for adaptive optics applications with high power lasers. A reflectance of greater than 99.9% was measured and the mirror had a residual static aberration of less than 90 rim mis primarily in astigmatism. A thermally induced distortion of 71 nm R]VIS was observed for an incident intensity of 300 W/cm2 and an average power of 57W. The multi-layer coated deformable mirror survived over half a billion cycles without degradation and survived for 30 hours with 36 W cw 1064 nm laser light. In addition, the thermally induced distortion with 22 W of average laser power (350 W/cm2) was reduced from 88 nmto 31 nmrms.

Abstracr-Predictive coding is a promising approach for speech coding. In this paper, we review the recent work on adaptive predictive coding of speech signals, with particular emphasis on achieving high speech quality at low bit rates (less than 10 kbits/s). Efficient prediction of the redundant structure in speech signals is obviously important for proper functioning of a predictive coder. It is equally important to ensure that the distortion in the coded speech signal be perceptually small. The subjective loudness of quantization noise depends both on the short-time spectrum of the noise and its relation to the short-time spectrum of the speech signal. The noise in the formant regions is partially masked by the speech signal itself. This masking of quantization noise by speech signal allows one to use low bit rates while maintaining high speech quality. This paper will present generalizations of predictive coding for minimizing subjective distortion in the reconstructed speech signal at the receiver. The quantizer in predictive coders quantizes its input on a sample-by-sample basis. Such sample-by-sample (instantaneous) quantization creates difficulty in realizing an arbitrary noise spectrum, particularly at low bit rates. We will describe a new class of speech coders in this paper which could be considered to be a generalization of the predictive coder. These new coders not only allow one to realize the precise optimum noise spectrum which is crucial to achieving very low bit rates, but also represent the important first step in bridging the gap between waveform coders and vocoders without suffering from their limitations.

This paper focuses on the prediction of laser beam welding-induced distortions and residual stresses through numerical simulation. Fabrication of fuselage panels of latest generation civil aircraft involves welding of stringers on thin sheets of 6056T4 aluminium alloy. The efforts are made to exercise better control over the excessive out-of-plane distortions. A series of experiments have so far been performed using small specimens. One of the test cases that include single-pass fusion welding on a 6056T4 thin sheet with the industrially used thermal and mechanical boundary and loading conditions is being studied in this work. Laser beam welding in the keyhole regime is employed. The test plate is maintained in position with the help of an air suction table made of aluminium. Although a pressure of 1 bar is used experimentally, yet the possibility of leakage cannot be overruled. Various magnitudes of pressures are, therefore, introduced during numerical simulation to study the effect of each. The effect of contact between test plate and support over thermal and mechanical results is also integrated. A 3D symmetric model of test plate and support is incorporated and the comparison between simulation and experimental results is developed. Finally, a good correlation is found between experimental and simulation results, on the basis of which residual stress state in the test plate is predicted.

A guard ring (GR) protected InGaAs p-i-n photodiode with high linearity is fabricated and the effect of the GR protection structure on the linearity of the photodiode is studied. For the electrostatic discharge (ESD) protected photodiode, both the single second order (SSO) intermodulation and the single triple beat intermodulation are below 80 dBc. The GR can enhance the ESD robustness of the photodiode but degrades the photodiode's linearity about 3.5 dB for SSO at 854 MHz. The photodiode's nonlinearity is mainly due to the photodiode junction capacitance variation, which is caused by the photocurrent and bias voltage changes that are resulted from the change of incident laser power. The distortion caused by the photodiode's bias voltage is much larger than that caused by the photocurrent. The GR integrated into the photodiode aggregates the capacitance variation with the bias voltage and therefore increases the distortion. The calculated SSO distortion using the experimentally measured differential capacitances matches the experimental data.

This letter proposes a modification to the Least-Significant-Bit (LSB) matching, a steganographic method for embedding message bits into a still image. In the LSB matching the choice of whether to add or subtract one from the cover image pixel is random. The new method uses the choice to set a binary function of two cover pixels to the desired value. The value of the binary function is used to carry information. Therefore, the modified method allows embedding the same payload as LSB matching, but with fewer changes to the cover image.

Imperfections in binocular image pairs can cause serious viewing discomfort. For example, in stereo vision systems eye strain is caused by unintentional mismatches between the left and right eye images (stereo imperfections). Head-mounted displays can induce eye strain due to optical misalignments. We have experimentally determined the level of (dis)comfort experienced by human observers viewing brief presentations of imperfect binocular image pairs. We used a wide range of binocular image imperfections that are representative for commonly encountered optical errors (spatial distortions: shifts, magnification, rotation, keystone), imperfect filters (photometric asymmetries: luminance, color, contrast, crosstalk), and stereoscopic disparities. The results show that nearly all binocular image asymmetries seriously reduce visual comfort if present in a large enough amount. From our data we estimate threshold values for the onset of discomfort. The database collected in this study allows a more accurate prediction of visual comfort from the specification of a given binocular viewing system. Being able to predict the level of visual discomfort from the specification of binocular viewing systems greatly helps the design and selection process. This paper provides the basis.

Motivated by the need for affordable, high-performance fiber-optic microwave links in fiber-fed microcellular networks and radar systems, we have performed a comprehensive experimental evaluation of the microwave modulation characteristics of high-speed oxide-confined vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) emitting at 840 nm. VCSELs with different oxide aperture diameters, including both single-and multimode lasers, have been used to track the dependence on modal behavior. The study includes both static and dynamic characteristics, with an emphasis on those of major importance for analog modulation. This includes the small-signal modulation response ( 11 and 21 ), the relative intensity noise (RIN), and the intermodulation distortion. From this, we determine the spurious free dynamic range, the impedance characteristics, and the speed limitations.

ARTICLE INFO Detection of the Distorted Fingerprints major causes to non-match in fingerprint at time matching fingerprint sample. This problem causes all the recognition of fingerprint algorithm application. It is complicated in negative type matching application. That means watch list and duplication application. In such way criminal user porpusly hide his fingerprint identification. In this paper we use the K-means, Canny-edge algorithm to detect and rectify distorted fingerprint image. Distortion and rectification is view as a regression problem where user input skein distorted fingerprint output is distortion field. To solve this problem K-means & Canny-edge fingerprint algorithm is use.

A new digital signal processing approach to shaping intersymbol interference (ISI) and static mismatch errors simultaneously in oversampled multi-level digital to analog converters (DAC) has recently been proposed. In this paper, a mathematical framework is established for analyzing ISI errors as well as comparing the ISI sensitivities of different mismatch shaping algorithms. The framework is used to analyze the fundamental problems of popularly used algorithms such as data-weighted-averaging (DWA) in the presence of nonlinear ISI: Large-signal even-order distortion and frequency modulated harmonics at low signal levels. The new ISI-shaping algorithm results in significant improvement over previous schemes including the modified Mismatch Shaper (MMS) which also addresses ISI error. The new ISI shaper, while increasing the digital complexity, practically eliminates the need for conventional ISI mitigation techniques such as time consuming, layout-critical, non-automated and process specific analog design methods. The advantages of ISI shaping is further verified on an experimental audio DAC with simple non-return-to-zero (NRZ) current steering segments implemented in a 45 nm CMOS process and running off a single-phase clock of only 3.072 MHz.

This paper describes the theory and implementation of audio effects such as echo, distortion and pitch-shift in Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). At first the mathematical formulation for generation of such effects is explained and then the algorithm is described for its implementation in FPGA using Very high speed integrated circuit hardware descriptive language (VHDL). The digital system being designed, which is synthesizable and reconfigurable, offers a great flexibility and scalability in designing and prototyping in FPGAs. The system is divided into three HDL blocks, each for echo, distortion, and pitch-shift effect generation, which are multiplexed in order to share the common ADC and DAC. The audio effect generator designed in this paper was successfully implemented in Spartan-3E FPGA utilizing the resources available effectively. There has been tremendous research being carried out in the field of IP core. Efficient IP cores designed to carry out digital signal processing are implemented in every modern device using configurable logics. This trend hasn't yet been realized in Nepal. Through the design and implementation of audio effect generator, this paper also aims at bringing the field of IP core development to limelight among scholars of Nepal.

Tulisan ini membahas pemodelan dan simulasi pengelasan berbasis metode elemen hingga (MEH) untuk memprediksi distorsi pengelasan bilah roda traktor. Dua pemodelan MEH dibutuhkan untuk mendapatkan model distorsi pengelasan, yaitu termal dan elasto-plastis. Pengaruh termal pengelasan diasumsikan sebagai gaya tendon dijadikan masukan pada analisis elasto-plastik. Hasil simulasi distorsi pengelasan diverifikasi dengan menggunakan data eksperimen pengelasan. Hasil verifikasi menunjukkan kemiripan bentuk deformasi pengelasan antara simulasi dan eksperimen. Deviasi nilai distorsi displacement antara simulasi dan eksperimen adalah kecil. Karenanya, simulasi pemodelan deformasi pengelasan menggunakan MEH termal elasto-plastis dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi distorsi pengelasan bilah roda traktor. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi, bentuk distorsi displacement radial dan aksial akibat pengelasan bilah dengan urutan serial adalah lebih besar dibandingkan bentuk distorsi akibat pengelasan bilah dengan urutan seperti direkomendasikan. Setelah simulasi pengelasan sejumlah 16 bilah roda traktor, nilai distorsi displacement akibat urutan pengelasan bilah serial diprediksi sebesar 3,393mm, dimana adalah lebih besar dibandingkan nilai 1,440mm akibat urutan pengelasan bilah yang direkomendasikan.

We report on the subjective comparison of speech enhancement algorithms using the ITU-T P.835 standard. A Matlab toolbox, i.e. P835Tool, has been developed to comply with the ITU P.835 standard. The ITU-T P.835 methodology was designed to evaluate the speech quality along three dimensions: signal distortion, noise distortion and overall quality. The subjective comparison of five speech enhancement algorithms is presented. Results show the effectiveness of our developed toolbox for subjective comparison of speech enhancement algorithms. Furthermore, a new performance index based on subjective (ITU-T P.835) and objective (PESQ, ITU-T P.862) evaluations has been proposed.

Sometimes back this scribe reviewed a disaster of a book “Stolen Victory” in form of a podcast.
The stolen victory -Brig Sultan SJ and BAR Book review #books #bookreview #pakistanarmy #leadership #decisionmaking #bangladesh #warfare
Mar 27 • 24:40


This episode has been published and can be heard everywhere your podcast is available.
To see complete proof about false assertions of Muslims in fighting arms of british indian army see book on link below - Political Consequences of First World War on British Indian Armys Class Composition
https://anchor.fm/omnibus-dubitandum/episodes/The-stolen-victory--Brig-Sultan-SJ-and-BAR-Book-review-books-bookreview-pakistanarmy-leadership-decisionmaking-bangladesh-warfare-e3immn


This is a highly exaggerated and distorted account


I was surprised that this review was heard more than 600 times.

Sometimes later I learnt that this review had hurt some very badly.

On carrying out more analysis in depth and correlating facts , I was shocked to learn that the greatest reason for failure of Operation Grand Slam on the most decisive first day of the attack was pinpointed in my podcast review.

Note that I had pinpointed this 102 Brigade failure at Burjeal involving one brigadier zafar and an infantry unit 8 Baluch since 1999 when I had completed my Pakistan Army historys first volume titled “Pakistan Army till 1965”.

The book caused mortal intellectual wounds when one of my donated copies reached Pakistans citadel of pedantry or lets say bastion of pedantry in Quetta.

To demand return of my donation which was hijacked from reaching the staff college library I wrote the below demi official letter to commandant staff college , who I had sadly and most unfortunately trusted with my donation book :--

An investigation of the intake pressure recovery and distortion effects observed by varying maneuverability conditions of the F-16 was conducted. Simulations were conducted by using the Partial Differential Equation (PDE) calculator COMSOL. Results were validated with the classical s-duct, showing reasonable qualitative agreement. The maneuverability of the F-16 was defined using three factors: Mach number, angle of attack and angle of sideslip. The values of pressure recovery and distortion were measured at the Aerodynamic Interface Plane (AIP). Two sets of simulations were conducted: one to compare the sea level and 10 km altitude flight condition and another to correlate the required air intake and engine performance with pressure recovery and distortion at the AIP. Results of the flight level comparisons showed a slightly higher pressure recovery at 10 km of 0.985 compared to sea level condition value of 0.983. Distortion coefficient values for both conditions were however similar at 0.120. The difference in recovery values is attributed to the less viscous characteristic of air at higher altitude. This resulted in lower secondary flow formations in the intake. With increasing altitude, temperature plots showed a linear decreasing profile throughout the intake. The study provides a platform to a future model which couples the results obtained from the intake as inlet conditions to turbine flow simulations. This would provide a more holistic understanding of the propulsion system in the F-16.

Keywords: F-16; intake; placard; recovery; distortion

WV 420 Hz 7th Harmonic currents in Army installation power systems can cause voltage distortion, overheating of system components, and load disruption. The U.S. Army Center for Public Works also has periodically received reports of unexplained nuisance circuit breaker tripping, which in theory might be caused by harmonics. No industrystandard literature is available on the behavior of circuit breakers under harmonic loading conditions, however. The objective of this work was to test the effects of harmonic loading conditions on three common types of low-voltage, molded-case circuit breakers used indoors on Army installations: thermal-magnetic, magnetic-only, and solid state. This experiment detected no nuisance tripping with any of the breakers tested. Additionally it was found that varying harmonic loading conditions did not affect manufacturerspecified trip times for thermal-magnetic or solid state circuit breakers. However, under moderate overload conditions, the same experimental harmonic conditions caused hazardous overheating and trip failure in the magnetic-only circuit breakers. Based on a review of related nonexperimental industry literature on circuit breaker design and performance, the authors postulate that inherent design characteristics leave thermal-magnetic and solid state circuit breakers unaffected by harmonics. The literature also suggests that the construction of the instantaneous tripping element in the magnetic-only breakers may account for their overheating and trip failure in the experiment.

AbstractHardenability of steels is an important way to determine heat treatment and material properties that produce component products. Jominy test is one of the method to know hardenability of steels. The Jominy ASTM A255 in used as a method for carriying out and this reseach. Parameter such as austenite temperature, holding time, cooling rate and then the results is dedicated by the prediction result, with Non Linear Numerical Equation Method. Based on test, it's known, increasing austenite temperature, longer holding time and high cooling rate, will increase hardenability of steels. The different between the results and the prediction result done by Sonh Yue-Peng , Matja equation and Zehtab equation , about 5 % -10 %. The data obtained from this experiment can be used to determine the appropriated heat treatment in order to get the desired mechanical properties, as well as to avoid distortion. , dan persamaan Zehtab , sekitar 5 % -10 %. Data dari hasil penelitian ini, dapat digunakan dalam penentuan laku panas yang sesuai dengan sifat mekanik yang diinginkan dan untuk menghindari terjadinya distorsi.

This paper describes a high-precision linear optical scanner, combining an averaged optical sensor array with appropriate 10-μm graduated scales on a measurement-fixed plate and a Vernier sliced parallel scale on a reading plate, where the total distortion of the generated quadrature sinusoidal signals below −60 dB was achieved by distributing and mismatching optical edges over a number of sine-wave periods within a number of Vernier-scaled periods. The reading plate, which is positioned along the optical array, has a unit division smaller than those on a fixed scale, permitting a far more precise positioned optically generated sine-wave current. Position-like averaging of four generated signals was distributed over an optoarray and a reading scale. Optoedge redistribution over a sliced Vernier's period leads to harmonic distortion reduction, of which the third and all odd spectral components were almost removed. The distortion-reduction background with the prototype is presented. A good match was found between the mathematically analyzed optical scanner and the prototype measurement, where comparable measurements were performed on the optical head, having redistributed and fixed-positioned optoedges.

In metal music studies, ‘heaviness’ has been acknowledged as an essential element of the genre. Commonly associated with the distorted guitar, most work on heaviness has concentrated on the instrument’s sound. If respective research considered structural aspects of the guitar riff, it did so with a special focus on tempo, rhythm, tonality and form. This article analyses the interaction between distortion and harmonic structures on the electric guitar. Operationalizing heaviness with a psychoacoustic model of sensory consonance, an acoustic experiment explores how guitar distortion affects acoustic features of harmonic structures. Since acoustic studies are limited in predicting perception, a listening test investigates distortion’s influence on listener perception. The findings indicate that both increasing distortion level and harmonic complexity reduce sensory consonance, especially when acting together. Acoustically, distortion has a slightly stronger effect than structure; perceptually, the ratio is dependent on person-specific characteristics. Metalheads seem to be only marginally affected by sensory dissonance.

Multiples contain valuable information about the subsurface, and if properly migrated can provide a wider illumination of the subsurface compared to imaging with VSP primary reflections. In this paper we review three different methods for migrating multiples. The first method is model-based, and it is more sensitive to velocity errors than primary migration; the second method uses a semi-natural Green's function for migrating multiples, where part of the traveltimes are computed from the velocity model, and part of the traveltimes (i.e., natural traveltimes) are picked from the data to construct the imaging condition for multiples; the third method uses cross-correlation of traces. The last two methods are preferred in the sense that they are significantly less sensitive to velocity errors and statics because they use "natural data" to construct part of the migration imaging conditions. Compared with the interferometric (i.e., crosscorrelation) imaging method the semi-natural Green's function method is more computationally efficient and is sometimes less prone to migration artifacts.

This paper analyzes secondary and primary source literature written about William Marshal - a comparatively famous 12th century knight - in order to determine what influences his reputation has had on authors, as well as what consequential perceptions there are of him due to that distortion.

As the use of qualitative inquiry increases within the field of social work, researchers must consider the issue of establishing rigor in qualitative research. This article presents research procedures used in a study of autoethnographies that were written regarding the experience of being Jewish. In this project, the researchers utilized reflexivity, audit trail, triangulation by observer, peer debriefing, member check and prolonged engagement in order to manage the threats to trustworthiness as discussed by Padgett (1998). Implications of the project suggest that research procedures utilized by qualitative researchers to establish rigor are an important way to increase our confidence that the voice of the participants is heard, therefore fitting the mission of the social work profession.

Es en el instrumento donde se da el uso y abuso específico,
o el rechazo explícito de diversas tecnologías, dependiendo
de su sonido particular, induciendo a la construcción de distinciones entre los géneros que conforman la música popular (Théberge, 2006). Dichas distinciones pueden deberse a
elementos tonales, rítmicos y melódicos, pero pareciera que
pocas veces se reflexiona o analiza el estilo musical desde los
sonidos que lo integran, el sonido como lo que representa en
sí, y el instrumento como el artefacto que da vida a dicho sonido. Todo ello delimitado por la tecnología y las capacidades
y habilidades físicas del intérprete; el sonido es el objetivo del
instrumento y del intérprete, en este caso la guitarra eléctrica
es un instrumento que se rige por leyes, por lo que todas están diseñada bajo cálculos específicos que permitan obtener
resultados idénticos, es decir, están diseñadas para que en afinación estándar la quinta cuerda siempre de una nota La. Los
intérpretes instrumentistas, en cambio, son todos diferentes
y es imposible que dos lleguen a tocar de forma idéntica, es
más, ni siquiera es posible que un mismo intérprete toque de
forma idéntica dos o más veces una misma pieza musical.
8
Desde una hermenéutica analógica (Beuchot, 2018), la
guitarra eléctrica es lo unívoco, mientras que el intérprete es
lo equívoco.
Es importante señalar que el público también es intérprete, porque hace su interpretación de lo que escucha, por ejemplo, el baile. El instrumentista también hace una interpretación de lo que escucha, ya sea de lo que va tocando él solo
o en conjunto, y de lo que escucha del público, como gritos,
aplausos, cantos, etcétera, pero lo que quizá marca la verdadera diferencia entre el intérprete instrumentista y el público, es
que el instrumentista debe saber con anticipación qué es lo
que va y cómo lo va a hacer. Es decir, el instrumentista es una
especie de actor, en el sentido que debe evocar las emociones
que quiere plasmar en el sonido, y debe poseer el conocimiento y la práctica necesaria de la técnica para poder hacerlo y
transmitirlo con la mayor naturalidad posible, con más razón
si se habla de improvisación.
Esto querría decir que el guitarrista, cuando se escucha,
evalúa el sonido resultante con el que se pensó previamente,
mientras que el público no vive esa primera experiencia que
anticipa al sonido, por ello, son expectadores, que no espectadores. Se entiende por espectadores quienes presencian un
espectáculo, mientras que expectadores es un término ficticio
que hace referencia a que el espectador en realidad está en
constante expectativa, pues tiene la esperanza de escuchar en
algún momento esa frase, ese riff, ese sonido distorsionado del
solo de guitarra eléctrica, principalmente bajo el contexto de
un concierto.
9
Entonces, si la guitarra eléctrica es unívoca, y el instrumentista y el público como intérpretes son lo equívoco, el
sonido distorsionado de la guitarra eléctrica, como el resultado de la acción conjunta entre lo unívoco con lo equívoco, es
lo analógico. Dicho de otra forma, el ruido está en la guitarra
eléctrica y el sonido en la mente de los intérpretes, por lo que
el sonido distorsionado es la media justa de la unión entre la
tecnología como ciencia exacta y la creatividad como abstracción de la mente humana, donde a través de la música ambas
partes tienen su lugar en un tercer sentido o forma de ser, ni
ruido ni sonido, un ruido-sonido, diría Russolo (1913), ambos
en un tercer contexto diferente. El ruido habita en el mundo
externo, mientras que el sonido en un mundo interno (mente),
por lo que el tercer contexto a donde ninguno de los dos corresponde originalmente es la música, pues está en el mundo
externo y en la mente al mismo tiempo.

This thesis introduces a new procedure for the enhancement of acoustic images of the bottom of the sea produced by side-scan sonars. Specifically, it addresses the problem of estimating and correcting geometric distortions frequently observed in such images as a. consequence of motion instabilities of the sonar array. This procedure estimates the geometric distortions from the image itself, without requiring any navigational or attitude measurements. A mathematical model for the distortions is derived from the geometry of the problem, and is applied to estimates of the local degree of geometric distortion obtained by cross-correlating segments of adjacent lines of the image. The model parameters are then recursively estimated through deterministic least-squares estimation. An alternative approach based on adaptive Kalman filtering is also proposed, providing a natural framework in which a priori information about the array dynamics may be easily incorporated. The estimates of the parameters of the distortion model are used to rectify the image, and may also be used for estimating the attitude parameters of the array. A simulation is employed to evaluate the effectiveness of this technique and examples of its application to high-resolution side-scan sonar images are provided.

Khairuddin Barbarossa adalah seorang Admiral Islam yang paling masyhur, terutama pada masa pemerintahan Kesultanan Turki Utsmani pada pertengahan periode Islam. Banyak sekali prestasi dan jasa yang telah di torehkan olehnya terutama untuk membela Islam melalui jalur perairan atau laut. Ia berhasil menjadi seorang admiral laut yang disegani dan ditakuti oleh Barat, walaupun di masa mendatang namanya akan berusaha dipudarkan dari benak kaum muslimin sebagai Bajak Laut atau Perompak yang berkonotasi negative.

The purposes of this study were threefold: 1) to find out whether the subjects can catch all the main ideas of the original text in their summary writing, 2) to investigate whether the subjects have committed any plagiarism in their summaries, and 3) to examine the subjects’ summaries whether there is any information distorted from the original. The subjects of this study were 25 third-year students who were studying in English minor, English for International Communication Program in the Faculty of Liberal Arts, Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya, Songkhla province, Thailand in the academic year 2012. The instrument used in this study was a text length about 400 words. It consisted of 4 paragraphs. Two paragraphs had topic sentences, and the other two, the topic sentences were not included in the paragraphs. The findings revealed that most of the students could catch the main idea of each paragraph though some paragraphs, there were no topic sentences. However, they (92% of the students) committed plagiarism, and 6 out of 25 students committed distortions of meaning.

Un certain nombre de films réalisés après la mort du dictateur Franco et l’entrée de l’Espagne dans la postmodernité témoignent d’une indéniable prédilection de certains cinéastes espagnols pour l’excès et le débordement. Des noms tels que Pedro Almodóvar, Bigas Luna, Álex de la Iglesia, Santiago Segura ou Juanma Bajo Ulloa, entre autres, s’imposent à l’esprit lorsqu’on s’interroge sur l’impression d’outrance qui émane d’une partie de la production cinématographique de la démocratie. Le présent travail a pour ambition d’explorer les mécanismes et les enjeux de l’outrance, à travers un corpus réunissant plusieurs longs-métrages de ces cinq réalisateurs. Pierre angulaire d’un cinéma qui déforme et dissout toutes les frontières, cette notion, à première vue difficile à saisir, sera envisagée comme véritable concept esthétique, fondé sur les principes du franchissement et de la distorsion. C’est en particulier autour du corps, constamment manipulé, déformé, voire disséqué, qu’elle se polarise : aux épanchements des organismes de chair et aux débordements du corps social dans les différents univers fictionnels, répondent, chez chaque cinéaste, les migrations et réélaborations textuelles qui se jouent au sein du corps filmique. Ces opérations de métamorphose référentielle relèvent d’un processus de recyclage éminemment postmoderne, qui suppose l’hybridation de matériaux provenant tout autant de la tradition espagnole que de la culture mondialisée contemporaine. Voie d’expression d’une « espagnolité » soumise aux logiques transformatrices de la postmodernité, l’outrance apparaît comme une esthétique qui tend définitivement à brouiller les frontières, à tel point qu’elle finit même par franchir celles du film pour contaminer la périphérie extracinématographique.

Several films produced after the death of the dictator Franco and Spain’s entry into postmodernity show an undeniable penchant among some Spanish film-makers for excess and the extreme. Names like Pedro Almodóvar, Bigas Luna, Álex de la Iglesia, Santiago Segura and Juanma Bajo Ulloa, among others, spring to mind when we wonder about the impression of excess that emanates from part of the cinematographical production of democracy. This work aims to explore the mechanisms and stakes of excess through a collection of full-length films by these five directors. It will contemplate this notion, the keystone of a cinema that deforms and dissolves all limits which at first is elusive, based on the principles of distortion and the extreme. Because it is constantly manipulated, deformed, and even dissected, the body occupies a central place in the aesthetic of excess: the textual migrations and re-elaborations that take place within the filmic body respond to both the outpourings of the bodies of flesh and blood and the excesses of the social body in the different fictional universes. These operations of referential metamorphosis pertain to an eminently postmodern process of recycling, which involves the hybridisation of materials that come from Spanish tradition, on the one hand, with those from contemporary globalised culture on the other. Means of expression of a “Spanishness” that is subjected to the logical transformations of postmodernity, excess constitutes an aesthetic that tends to blur limits, to such a point that it crosses the boundaries of the film to contaminate the extra-cinematographical periphery.

The notion of “Cute” has been studied as a global aesthetic form in consumer and popular

culture. Aside from being a dominant aesthetic of mass culture, the cute also became a form

of expression with increasing virtual and visual communication. Oscillating between physical

world of commodity culture and digitalized media culture, cute’s visual, cultural and

economic meanings are expanded. The specific form of cute (and inevitable weird) culture

has paved its way to the top of the world economy: Japanese Kawaii Culture. The

proliferation of Kawaii aesthetic brought about revelations in art, fashion, and design even in

everyday life practices. Obsession with Kawaii culture opens the door to new distorted

visualities that create paradoxes between mundane reality of everyday life and surreal fantasy

life.

The focus of this paper is the exploration of the Japanese cute (and the weird) aesthetics

impact and its conceptual methodology in the popular visual culture and the contemporary art

scene. As a visual way of distorting everyday life, glitch aesthetics is experimented and used

by mostly video artists. In the complementary art work; experimental glitch and multilayered

video effects are used for the artistic expression and exploration of ‘distorting everyday life’

regarding ‘Japanese cute’s conceptual methodology; intensifications, hybrid visualization and

complicated imagery.

Durante muchos años, músicos y personas afines a la música han expresado su preferencia con respecto a preamplificadores realizados con válvulas termoiónicas, argumentando “calidad de sonido” en desmedro de los equipos basados en tecnología de estado sólido. En el presente trabajo se realiza un análisis teórico y una simulación que permita explicar esta predilección. Se elabora una comparación centrada en el comportamiento de los dispositivos semiconductores BJT y las válvulas triodo en un circuito preamplificador clase A, analizando la distorsión armónica presente en la señal de salida y su efecto en el oyente. Finalmente se diseña y simula en un entorno de laboratorio virtual una etapa preamplificadora basada en cada dispositivo y se analizan los resultados según lo expuesto.

ÖZ
Danışanlar terapide kimi zaman kendilerini ifade etmekte zorlanabilir ya da terapiye karşı direnç gösterebilir. Danışmanlık seanslarında kendilerini ifade etmekte güçlük çeken, direnç gösteren danışanların birçok nedeni vardır. Danışanın direncini anlamak, terapötik ilişkiyi, direncin nedenlerini ve oluşturduğu diğer problemleri anlamak ya da müdahaleler yardımıyla danışanı motive etmek için faydalı olabilir. Bu bağlamda, bu makale psikolojik danışmanlık yaklaşımları dikkate alınarak danışan direncine genel tanımlar içinde odaklanmaktadır. Bu derleme makalesi sonucunda danışanların terapideki direncinin “problemleri sürdürme-deneyimin reddi ve çarpıtılması”, “başa çıkma süreci”, “paylaşma ya da paylaşmama: danışman kendini ifade etme" kavramları etrafında kümelendiği görülmektedir.
ABSTRACT
Clients sometimes have difficulties to express themselves in therapy or may resist the therapy process. There are many reasons of clients’ who have difficulties to express themselves and resist in counselling sessions. Understanding the resistance of the client can be useful to understand the therapeutic relationship, the causes of resistance and other problems it creates, or to motivate the client with the help of interventions. In this context, this article focuses on client resistant within general definitions considering the psychological counselling approaches. As a result of this review article, it was determined that the resistance of the clients in therapy is clustered around the concepts of “maintaining the problems—denial and distortion of experience”, “coping process”, “to share or not to share: counsellor self-disclosure”.

The problem of removing directional trends frequently occurs in the processing of magnetic data and also in the subsequent steps of data interpretation. The so-called corrugations are typical directional trends occurring in levelled data, which may be removed in several ways. Classical techniques are based on high-pass filtering of the data and successively filtering these transformed data with directional cosine filters. Other linear features are due to real sources, such as pipelines in shallow surveys or dike swarms in regional surveys. They should, nevertheless, be considered as noise, due to the fact that their effect is strong and tends to hide the field features related to structures of more interest. We deal with both kinds of problem, presenting the results of a study in an archaeological area of southern Italy. Decorrugation of magnetic field anomalies is performed using a method based on the excellent space-frequency localization properties of wavelet bases, allowing a very sharp filtering of the field along a selected direction. We compare this technique with the classical one in a synthetic case and find that the wavelet decorrugation is simpler and produces low distortion maps. Besides the field decorrugation, the wavelet approach was also shown to be useful in the subsequent enhancement of the measured field. In fact, we show that the wavelet analysis offers a unique framework where various filtering problems (directional, isotropic, global or local as well) may be easily solved. As regards the archaeological case, strong noisy effects from elongated sources (pipelines) were successfully removed in a sharp and local way.

The paper shows that the RG score, used by the Researchgate open scientific gateway, is seriously flawed. The hard-core center of the RG Score, besides interactions, is the journal impact factor system, used in the RG Score and the overall ranking of journal publications. Upon closer inspection, it is evident that RG impact factors are based on the geographically and culturally very biased Thomson Reuters Web of Knowledge (WoK) database, but that the RG team even commits errors and omissions in feeding the original WoK impact factor data into the RG system.

Scopus, the fierce Thomson Reuters competitor, managed by Elsevier, offers a database, which is geographically much more diverse and already includes 18.854 journals, and only 30% of them are located in the United States of America. Scopus indeed is far better suited to serve as the basis of journal impact factor calculations than the Web of Knowledge data base, especially from the viewpoint of the rising scientific power of the BRIC countries, but also from the viewpoint of the growing knowledge power of other rapidly advancing developing countries, among them in the Muslim world.

Now what seems to happen is that while the RG impact factor data for most medical journals and science journals, checked by the present author, like the impact factor for the famous medical journals as the “The Lancet” (38.28) and “New England Journal of Medicine” seem to coincide with the current WoK figures, there are severe errors and omissions in other cases, even if we assume that the basis of the RG journal impact factor score is based on WoK. Since the present author happens to have written recently for the “rapid response” online section of the “British Medical Journal” (BMJ), I discovered by chance and with great dismay that the BMJ is listed none the less than 3 times with either different impact factors or ISSN numbers or both in the RG system.

The current RG impact factor system, as it is operated in the RG, also severely discriminates against the social sciences. This is my next and equally serious point of critique. Even the “American Political Science Review”, the journal of the most important political science association of the world, the American Political Science Association, published by Cambridge University Press, and according to the World catalogue of books (https://www.worldcat.org/advancedsearch) available at 1296 libraries around the world (print version alone), is not even awarded an impact factor in the RG system.

Scopus is much more realistic in assigning a weight of somewhere near 5 at maximum to the leading medical journals, while the weighting in WoK is simply an expression of the fact that science unjustly dominates over the social sciences in that index system. Nobody can reasonably state that a medical journal is 19 times more important than an economics journal, but Researchgate system does so!

Even the neoliberal giant Milton Friedman receives from the system an impact factor of 0.

We list the RG-scores and impact factors of the Nobel laureates in economics over the last years. All are handsomely surpassed according to these RG statistics by 5% or even 50% of Researchgate users, which is comfortable to 300.000 to 3.000.000 scientists.

We simply suggest to the Researchgate decision makers to dump in into the dustbin of scientific errors and useless concepts, for good and forever.

Dimensional changes between a pattern die and its corresponding investment cast part occur as a result of complex phenomena such as thermal expansion/contraction and hot deformation (elastic, plastic, and creep) during the processing of the pattern material (wax), mold material (shell), and solidifying alloy. In this study, wax pattern dimensions are determined using computer models that take into account the thermophysical and rheological behavior of the wax. Pattern dimensions are calculated using a three-dimensional finite element model for coupled thermal and mechanical analysis developed within the commercial software ABAQUS TM . Cerita TM 29-51, an industrial wax is considered in this study. The effects of restraint geometrical features by the metal die, and process parameters such as dwell time, die/platen temperature, injection pressure and injection temperature are also considered. The results of numerical simulation are compared with experimental measurements on test patterns. Measurements of the temperature at the injection port, pressure in the die cavity, and the results of numerical simulations provide several insights into the wax injection process. Viscoelastic models exhibit good potential for accurately capturing the details of wax pattern deformation. Conversely, pure elastic models are unsuitable for predicting deformation, as any distortion is completely relaxed once the pattern is removed from the die.