Papers by Francisco Salotti
Energy nexus, Mar 1, 2022
Energies, Mar 9, 2022
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Energy Policy, Feb 1, 2012
The poor quality of electrical power in Brazil has led to an increase in the sales of power condi... more The poor quality of electrical power in Brazil has led to an increase in the sales of power conditioning equipment such as uninterruptible power systems (UPS) to supply a voltage wave shape without distortion or interruption. However, there are indications that the average performance of the UPS equipment available in the Brazilian market requires some improvement. Information about the energy-related behaviour of UPS units is scarce. In this paper, we estimate and analyse the installed capacity of UPS units and assess their power consumption, losses and impact on the power quality in the electrical system. The analysis is performed through energy efficiency and power quality measurements performed on UPS units that are commonly available in Brazil. We estimate the energy conservation potential of the UPS. The results of assessments strongly support the need for public policies for energy efficiency and power quality improvements, particularly the labelling of UPS units and the introduction of minimum performance standards for UPS devices.
The study of induction machine electromechanical transients can be done in the ABC/abc reference ... more The study of induction machine electromechanical transients can be done in the ABC/abc reference frame. Parameters used in the simulation method can be obtained from no-Ioad and locked rotor tests. Saturation etTects can be considered by adapting the coefficients rif the machine inductance matrix. Inductance measurements are made on MO ditTerent motors and simulation of direct-on line starting is made considering this adaptation mechanism.
IEEE Latin America Transactions, Feb 1, 2021
A potência di ss ipada pela açüo do rotor para manter a polpa em muvimento no in teri or de célu ... more A potência di ss ipada pela açüo do rotor para manter a polpa em muvimento no in teri or de célu las mecúnicas de tlotaçào constit ui parúmetro de ex trema importúnc ia para o cú kulo de parâmetros hidrodimimicos, como energia média dissipada( !:). comprimento de Komolgorov (L") . vdocidadc méd ia turhulenta de part ícu las e bolhas (v,) no interior da célu la. assim como o número de potencia (Np) que pode ser interpretado como sendo o coe lic icnte de arrasto do impelidor. Com o rotor da ct'lula cm movimento. se medirmos a potencia ctmsumida pelo motor, teremos um número que não nos inl(mmt a potência líquida realmente dissipada pelo sistema mccàniw rotor/estator, ignorando as perdas de transmissilo da energia elétrica cm Iorque através de fri cção c cs~:orrcgame nto. Para determinação do rendimento da transmissão de energia clétrica cm Iorque. acoplou-sc um gerador de corrente contínua ao eixo do impe lidor, simulando a operação do sistema mecânico com vúrios ni vcis de r...
Energies
In the late 19th century, the three-phase induction motor was the central element of productivity... more In the late 19th century, the three-phase induction motor was the central element of productivity increase in the second industrial revolution in Europe and the United States. Currently, it is the main load on electrical systems in global terms, reaching approximately 70% of electrical energy consumption in the industrial sector worldwide. During the 20th century, electric motors underwent intense technological innovations that enabled significant performance gains. Thus, this work analyses the performance changes in squirrel-cage rotor three-phase induction electric motors (SCIMs) with mechanical powers of 3.7 kW, 37 kW, and 150 kW and speed ranges corresponding to two poles and eight poles, connected to a low voltage at a frequency of 60 Hz and tested between 1945 and 2020. The study confirms accumulated performance gains of above 10% in some cases. Insulating materials for electrical conductors have gone through several generations (cotton, silk, and currently, varnish). Improvem...
Two main features provided by electric motor manufacturers are power factor and efficiency. Howev... more Two main features provided by electric motor manufacturers are power factor and efficiency. However, the values reported are often different from the measured values. Thus, this work presents the results obtained from testing 435 Three-phase Induction Electric Motors with Squirrel Cage Rotor from 38 different manufacturers tested between 2015 and 2016. The data were collected through standardized tests performed at the Laboratory of Electrical Machines of the Institute of Energy and Environment of the University of Sao Paulo. The values reported by the manufacturers were compared with the values measured in the laboratory. The results indicate that 58% of the values measured for the power factor of the motors were lower than those reported by the manufacturer. Similarly, 55% of the measured values for the performance were lower than the values reported by the manufacturer.
A potência di ss ipada pela açüo do rotor para manter a polpa em muvimento no in teri or de célu ... more A potência di ss ipada pela açüo do rotor para manter a polpa em muvimento no in teri or de célu las mecúnicas de tlotaçào constit ui parúmetro de ex trema importúnc ia para o cú kulo de parâmetros hidrodimimicos, como energia média dissipada( !:). comprimento de Komolgorov (L") . vdocidadc méd ia turhulenta de part ícu las e bolhas (v,) no interior da célu la. assim como o número de potencia (Np) que pode ser interpretado como sendo o coe lic icnte de arrasto do impelidor. Com o rotor da ct'lula cm movimento. se medirmos a potencia ctmsumida pelo motor, teremos um número que não nos inl(mmt a potência líquida realmente dissipada pelo sistema mccàniw rotor/estator, ignorando as perdas de transmissilo da energia elétrica cm Iorque através de fri cção c cs~:orrcgame nto. Para determinação do rendimento da transmissão de energia clétrica cm Iorque. acoplou-sc um gerador de corrente contínua ao eixo do impe lidor, simulando a operação do sistema mecânico com vúrios ni vcis de r...
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2015
ABSTRACT The industrial electric motor is the most important load, considering its large number a... more ABSTRACT The industrial electric motor is the most important load, considering its large number and associated energy consumption, being responsible for approximately 68% of the industrial energy consumption and 35% of the total electrical energy consumption in Brazil. This country, like others, is seeking to establish a regulation on the minimum efficiency index for electric motor equipment. This paper aims to present an overview of the installed park of industrial motors in Brazil and to evaluate the possible effects of such regulation. For this purpose, the measurement results obtained in the 2000–2012 period were used, which were extracted from the approximately 276 three-phase induction motors that had been sold and were being used in the Brazilian market, with a rated power in a large range from under 1 hp to over 150 hp. The analysis of the measurement results provided an overview of the average behavior of the induction motors in industry while considering energy efficiency and allowing estimates and proposals aiming at the improvement of the use of electrical energy.
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Papers by Francisco Salotti