Books by Sébastien Lacrampe
With an estimated 138 different indigenous languages, Vanuatu is the country with the highest lin... more With an estimated 138 different indigenous languages, Vanuatu is the country with the highest linguistic density in the world. While they all belong to the Oceanic family, these languages have evolved in three millennia, from what was once a unified dialect network, to the mosaic of different languages that we know today. In this respect, Vanuatu constitutes a valuable laboratory for exploring the ways in which linguistic diversity can emerge out of former unity.
This volume represents the first collective book dedicated solely to the languages of this archipelago, and to the various forms taken by their diversity. Its ten chapters cover a wide range of topics, including verbal aspect, valency, possessive structures, numerals, space systems, oral history and narratives. The languages of Vanuatu: Unity and Diversity provides new insights onto the many facets of Vanuatu’s rich linguistic landscape.
PhD thesis by Sébastien Lacrampe
This thesis discusses topics in the grammar of Lelepa, an Oceanic language spoken by about 500 p... more This thesis discusses topics in the grammar of Lelepa, an Oceanic language spoken by about 500 people on the islands of Lelepa and Efate in the center of the Vanuatu archipelago.
The areas of grammar covered in the thesis are phonology (chapter 2), morphology (chapter 3), word classes (chapter 4), noun phrases (chapter 5), possession (chapter 6), clause structure and grammatical relations (chapter 7), verb classes and valency changing devices (chapter 8), the verb complex (chapter 9), complex predicates (chapter 10), aspect and modality (chapter 11), coordination and subordination (chapter 12).
The phonemic inventory is of medium to small size, with fourteen consonants and five vowels. It includes two typologically rare labial-velar consonants. Stress is not phonemic. Syllables can be complex and consonant clusters are allowed in onset and coda positions. The most important phonological process is vowel reduction, which represent a significant driver of language change.
Clausal word order is SVO. Oblique arguments follow the object(s), and adjuncts occur in initial or final position in the clause. An exception is the benefactive phrase, an adjunct encoding beneficiaries which occurs between the subject proclitic and the verb, and makes the verb complex a discontinuous structure. The benefactive phrase is cross-linguistically unusual and makes central Vanuatu languages distinctive.
Of typological interest is the split dividing objects along two classes of transitive verbs. It has its source in a semantic distinction between significantly affected Ps and less affected Ps. However, the split is lexical because borrowed transitive verbs are systematically classified with verbs taking less affected Ps regardless of the degree of affectedness of their P.
Lelepa has serial verb constructions but has also developed other verbal constructions grouped in the class of complex predicates, which comprise auxiliary verbs, serial verbs, post-verbs and clause-final particles. These encode a broad range of semantic distinctions including aspectual, modal and directional values, manner, intensification, cause-effect and result.
Lelepa distinguishes between inalienable and alienable possession, but the possessive constructions have diverged from the typical Oceanic model. In particular, relational classifiers are not found in the language, and a construction reflecting alienable relationships distinguishes between human and non-human possessors.
An unusual feature is the marking of mood and transitivity on certain verbs with Stem Initial Mutation. In this process, verbs switch their initial consonant from /f/ to /p/ according to particular mood and transitivity values. This process is known in Vanuatu language but often limited to mood marking, whereas Lelepa and other central Vanuatu languages also mark transitivity.
The morphological structure is agglutinative, but many grammatical features are encoded by particles, especially in the verb complex. In the nominal domain, inflectional affixes include possessor-indexing suffixes, a prefixed article and derivational affixes generating deverbal nouns. Compounding is a feature of both nouns and verbs.
Word classes are clearly defined, and the main open classes are nouns and verbs. Nominals can be derived through nominalisation of verb roots or substantivisation, a process deriving referential items from all word classes except nouns and pronouns.
Papers by Sébastien Lacrampe
This paper focuses on the problem posed by the vowel surfacing during two encliticization process... more This paper focuses on the problem posed by the vowel surfacing during two encliticization processes in Lelepa (Oceanic, Vanuatu), with the nominalizer =na 'NMLZ' and the pronominal =s 'OBL'. For instance, the verbs faam 'eat', mat 'dead' and fan 'go:IRR' are derived as nafaamina 'food', nmatena 'funeral' and nafanona 'departure'. While the base forms have the same vowel /a/, those vowels surfacing before =na seem unpredictable. This paper discusses several possible explanations for these vowels and shows that both historical and phonological approaches are needed to account for them. Still, there is variation in the nominalisation of certain native verbs such as raik 'fish with hand spear', which is derived as either naraikana or naraikina 'hand spear fishing'. It is shown that while naraikana is accounted for in diachrony, naraikina results from a reanalysis process indicated by intergenerational variation.
This paper focuses on the problem posed by the vowel surfacing during two encliticization proces... more This paper focuses on the problem posed by the vowel surfacing during two encliticization processes in Lelepa (Oceanic, Vanuatu), with the nominalizer =na ‘NMLZ’ and the pronominal =s ‘OBL’. For instance, the verbs faam ‘eat’, mat ‘dead’ and fan ‘go:IRR’ are derived as nafaamina ‘food’, nmatena ‘funeral’ and nafanona ‘departure’. While the base forms have the same vowel /a/, those vowels surfacing before =na seem unpredictable. This paper discusses several possible explanations for these vowels and shows that both historical and phonological approaches are needed to account for them. Still, there is variation in the nominalisation of certain native verbs such as raik ‘fish with hand spear’, which is derived as either naraikana or naraikina ‘hand spear fishing’. It is shown that while naraikana is accounted for in diachrony, naraikina results from a reanalysis process indicated by intergenerational variation.
Keywords. Lelepa, Oceanic, borrowings, vowels, language change
Although language documentation calls for linguists, anthropologists, ethnomusicologists,and othe... more Although language documentation calls for linguists, anthropologists, ethnomusicologists,and other scholars to work with each other, as well as with language communities, graduate students in linguistics often miss out on both parts of this enterprise: they have little opportunity to work on such teams and spend most of their eldwork as “lone wolves.”In this paper, we reect on our experiences as rst-time eldworkers and discuss how we managed to rid ourselves of the “lone wolf” label. We rst discuss some of the challengeswe faced in gaining the support of the communities we worked with. We then isolate thefactors which facilitated our social integration and the benets this had on our overall documentation projects
The primary functions of Lexique Pro (https://www.lexiquepro.com) are to:
• Create a dictionary,
•... more The primary functions of Lexique Pro (https://www.lexiquepro.com) are to:
• Create a dictionary,
• View and edit an existing Shoebox/Toolbox dictionary database,
• Share a database with other computer users,
• Export a dictionary to print as a text document, or to html format for web publication.
In this review, we first go through the process of setting up Lexique Pro (LPro henceforth)
to create a new dictionary. We then look at the somewhat similar process of uploading
and editing an existing Toolbox project into LPro. These two sections also describe
the problems we encountered, and offer some solutions. The remaining sections review the
other two functions of the software: sharing a LPro database with other computer users,
and exporting a LPro database to different formats (xml, html, and text).
This review (just like the software) is geared more towards helping beginning lexicographers
with moderate computer skills, than professional linguists or highly competent
computer users. Note however that LPro uses the SIL Toolbox MDF field markers to classify data. LPro users therefore need to know and understand these field markers.
MA thesis by Sébastien Lacrampe
This thesis studies possession in Lelepa, a language from the Oceanic subgroup of Austronesian, s... more This thesis studies possession in Lelepa, a language from the Oceanic subgroup of Austronesian, spoken in Central Vanuatu. Investigating this particular feature of the language was achieved by collecting original data from Lelepa speakers. Language data is presented in the form of interlinearised examples taken from a corpus of texts and elicitation notes. Data was collected between 2006 and 2008 during fieldtrips to Lelepa and Mangaliliu. The core of the study is devoted to the possessive system of Lelepa. Like many other Oceanic languages, Lelepa has direct and indirect possessive constructions. This thesis shows that the direct possessive construction formally consists of a possessed noun to which a possessor suffix attaches. It encodes possession of semantic domains such as body parts, body products, reference kinship terms, items closely associated to the possessor and parts of wholes. Indirect possession is expressed by two distinct subtypes: the free and construct indirect constructions. The free indirect construction has pronominal possessors only, encoded by two distinct pronoun paradigms: general and part-whole possession pronouns. The former pronouns are used for possession of items that normally do not occur in the direct construction, and the latter are used for possession of parts of wholes. The construct indirect construction is characterised by the occurrence of either of two construct suffixes, -n or -g. The -n construct indirect construction has pronominal and nominal possessors, and the same semantic scope as the direct construction. The -g construct indirect construction has nominal possessors only, and the same semantic scope as the free indirect construction with general possession pronouns. This study also demonstrates that free variation between two possessive constructions, the direct construction and the -n construct indirect construction with pronominal possessors, occur in the language, although more work is needed to determine the scope of this feature.
Literacy resources for Vanuatu languages by Sébastien Lacrampe
Edited book by Sébastien Lacrampe
A. François, S. Lacrampe, M. Franjieh & S. Schnell (eds). 2015. The Languages of Vanuatu: Unity and Diversity. Studies in the Languages of Island Melanesia, 5. Canberra: Asia–Pacific Linguistics Open Access. 271 pp., Aug 20, 2015
With an estimated 138 different indigenous languages, Vanuatu is the country with the highest lin... more With an estimated 138 different indigenous languages, Vanuatu is the country with the highest linguistic density in the world. While they all belong to the Oceanic family, these languages have evolved in three millennia, from what was once a unified dialect network, to the mosaic of different languages that we know today. In this respect, Vanuatu constitutes a valuable laboratory for exploring the ways in which linguistic diversity can emerge out of former unity. This volume represents the first collective book dedicated solely to the languages of this archipelago, and to the various forms taken by their diversity. Its ten chapters cover a wide range of topics, including verbal aspect, valency, possessive structures, numerals, space systems, oral history and narratives. _The languages of Vanuatu: Unity and Diversity_ provides new insights onto the many facets of Vanuatu's rich linguistic landscape.
CONTENTS
1. Alexandre François, Michael Franjieh, Sébastien Lacrampe, Stefan Schnell — The exceptional linguistic density of Vanuatu
2. Elizabeth Pearce — Completing and terminating: On aspect marking in Unua
3. Peter Budd — Move the ka: Valency and Instrumental shift in Bierebo
4. Benjamin Touati — The initial vowel copy in the Sakao dialect of Wanohe (Espiritu Santo)
5. Michael Franjieh — The construct suffix in North Ambrym
6. Murray Garde — Numerals in Sa
7. Alexandre François — The ins and outs of up and down: Disentangling the nine geocentric space systems of Torres and Banks languages
8. Cynthia Schneider & Andrew Gray — Is it worth documenting "just a dialect"? Making the case for Suru Kavian (Pentecost Island)
9. Dorothy Jauncey — Not just stories: The rules and roles of oral narratives in Tamambo
10. Nick Thieberger — Walking to Erro: Stories of travel, origins, or affection
Uploads
Books by Sébastien Lacrampe
This volume represents the first collective book dedicated solely to the languages of this archipelago, and to the various forms taken by their diversity. Its ten chapters cover a wide range of topics, including verbal aspect, valency, possessive structures, numerals, space systems, oral history and narratives. The languages of Vanuatu: Unity and Diversity provides new insights onto the many facets of Vanuatu’s rich linguistic landscape.
PhD thesis by Sébastien Lacrampe
The areas of grammar covered in the thesis are phonology (chapter 2), morphology (chapter 3), word classes (chapter 4), noun phrases (chapter 5), possession (chapter 6), clause structure and grammatical relations (chapter 7), verb classes and valency changing devices (chapter 8), the verb complex (chapter 9), complex predicates (chapter 10), aspect and modality (chapter 11), coordination and subordination (chapter 12).
The phonemic inventory is of medium to small size, with fourteen consonants and five vowels. It includes two typologically rare labial-velar consonants. Stress is not phonemic. Syllables can be complex and consonant clusters are allowed in onset and coda positions. The most important phonological process is vowel reduction, which represent a significant driver of language change.
Clausal word order is SVO. Oblique arguments follow the object(s), and adjuncts occur in initial or final position in the clause. An exception is the benefactive phrase, an adjunct encoding beneficiaries which occurs between the subject proclitic and the verb, and makes the verb complex a discontinuous structure. The benefactive phrase is cross-linguistically unusual and makes central Vanuatu languages distinctive.
Of typological interest is the split dividing objects along two classes of transitive verbs. It has its source in a semantic distinction between significantly affected Ps and less affected Ps. However, the split is lexical because borrowed transitive verbs are systematically classified with verbs taking less affected Ps regardless of the degree of affectedness of their P.
Lelepa has serial verb constructions but has also developed other verbal constructions grouped in the class of complex predicates, which comprise auxiliary verbs, serial verbs, post-verbs and clause-final particles. These encode a broad range of semantic distinctions including aspectual, modal and directional values, manner, intensification, cause-effect and result.
Lelepa distinguishes between inalienable and alienable possession, but the possessive constructions have diverged from the typical Oceanic model. In particular, relational classifiers are not found in the language, and a construction reflecting alienable relationships distinguishes between human and non-human possessors.
An unusual feature is the marking of mood and transitivity on certain verbs with Stem Initial Mutation. In this process, verbs switch their initial consonant from /f/ to /p/ according to particular mood and transitivity values. This process is known in Vanuatu language but often limited to mood marking, whereas Lelepa and other central Vanuatu languages also mark transitivity.
The morphological structure is agglutinative, but many grammatical features are encoded by particles, especially in the verb complex. In the nominal domain, inflectional affixes include possessor-indexing suffixes, a prefixed article and derivational affixes generating deverbal nouns. Compounding is a feature of both nouns and verbs.
Word classes are clearly defined, and the main open classes are nouns and verbs. Nominals can be derived through nominalisation of verb roots or substantivisation, a process deriving referential items from all word classes except nouns and pronouns.
Papers by Sébastien Lacrampe
Keywords. Lelepa, Oceanic, borrowings, vowels, language change
• Create a dictionary,
• View and edit an existing Shoebox/Toolbox dictionary database,
• Share a database with other computer users,
• Export a dictionary to print as a text document, or to html format for web publication.
In this review, we first go through the process of setting up Lexique Pro (LPro henceforth)
to create a new dictionary. We then look at the somewhat similar process of uploading
and editing an existing Toolbox project into LPro. These two sections also describe
the problems we encountered, and offer some solutions. The remaining sections review the
other two functions of the software: sharing a LPro database with other computer users,
and exporting a LPro database to different formats (xml, html, and text).
This review (just like the software) is geared more towards helping beginning lexicographers
with moderate computer skills, than professional linguists or highly competent
computer users. Note however that LPro uses the SIL Toolbox MDF field markers to classify data. LPro users therefore need to know and understand these field markers.
MA thesis by Sébastien Lacrampe
Literacy resources for Vanuatu languages by Sébastien Lacrampe
Edited book by Sébastien Lacrampe
CONTENTS
1. Alexandre François, Michael Franjieh, Sébastien Lacrampe, Stefan Schnell — The exceptional linguistic density of Vanuatu
2. Elizabeth Pearce — Completing and terminating: On aspect marking in Unua
3. Peter Budd — Move the ka: Valency and Instrumental shift in Bierebo
4. Benjamin Touati — The initial vowel copy in the Sakao dialect of Wanohe (Espiritu Santo)
5. Michael Franjieh — The construct suffix in North Ambrym
6. Murray Garde — Numerals in Sa
7. Alexandre François — The ins and outs of up and down: Disentangling the nine geocentric space systems of Torres and Banks languages
8. Cynthia Schneider & Andrew Gray — Is it worth documenting "just a dialect"? Making the case for Suru Kavian (Pentecost Island)
9. Dorothy Jauncey — Not just stories: The rules and roles of oral narratives in Tamambo
10. Nick Thieberger — Walking to Erro: Stories of travel, origins, or affection
This volume represents the first collective book dedicated solely to the languages of this archipelago, and to the various forms taken by their diversity. Its ten chapters cover a wide range of topics, including verbal aspect, valency, possessive structures, numerals, space systems, oral history and narratives. The languages of Vanuatu: Unity and Diversity provides new insights onto the many facets of Vanuatu’s rich linguistic landscape.
The areas of grammar covered in the thesis are phonology (chapter 2), morphology (chapter 3), word classes (chapter 4), noun phrases (chapter 5), possession (chapter 6), clause structure and grammatical relations (chapter 7), verb classes and valency changing devices (chapter 8), the verb complex (chapter 9), complex predicates (chapter 10), aspect and modality (chapter 11), coordination and subordination (chapter 12).
The phonemic inventory is of medium to small size, with fourteen consonants and five vowels. It includes two typologically rare labial-velar consonants. Stress is not phonemic. Syllables can be complex and consonant clusters are allowed in onset and coda positions. The most important phonological process is vowel reduction, which represent a significant driver of language change.
Clausal word order is SVO. Oblique arguments follow the object(s), and adjuncts occur in initial or final position in the clause. An exception is the benefactive phrase, an adjunct encoding beneficiaries which occurs between the subject proclitic and the verb, and makes the verb complex a discontinuous structure. The benefactive phrase is cross-linguistically unusual and makes central Vanuatu languages distinctive.
Of typological interest is the split dividing objects along two classes of transitive verbs. It has its source in a semantic distinction between significantly affected Ps and less affected Ps. However, the split is lexical because borrowed transitive verbs are systematically classified with verbs taking less affected Ps regardless of the degree of affectedness of their P.
Lelepa has serial verb constructions but has also developed other verbal constructions grouped in the class of complex predicates, which comprise auxiliary verbs, serial verbs, post-verbs and clause-final particles. These encode a broad range of semantic distinctions including aspectual, modal and directional values, manner, intensification, cause-effect and result.
Lelepa distinguishes between inalienable and alienable possession, but the possessive constructions have diverged from the typical Oceanic model. In particular, relational classifiers are not found in the language, and a construction reflecting alienable relationships distinguishes between human and non-human possessors.
An unusual feature is the marking of mood and transitivity on certain verbs with Stem Initial Mutation. In this process, verbs switch their initial consonant from /f/ to /p/ according to particular mood and transitivity values. This process is known in Vanuatu language but often limited to mood marking, whereas Lelepa and other central Vanuatu languages also mark transitivity.
The morphological structure is agglutinative, but many grammatical features are encoded by particles, especially in the verb complex. In the nominal domain, inflectional affixes include possessor-indexing suffixes, a prefixed article and derivational affixes generating deverbal nouns. Compounding is a feature of both nouns and verbs.
Word classes are clearly defined, and the main open classes are nouns and verbs. Nominals can be derived through nominalisation of verb roots or substantivisation, a process deriving referential items from all word classes except nouns and pronouns.
Keywords. Lelepa, Oceanic, borrowings, vowels, language change
• Create a dictionary,
• View and edit an existing Shoebox/Toolbox dictionary database,
• Share a database with other computer users,
• Export a dictionary to print as a text document, or to html format for web publication.
In this review, we first go through the process of setting up Lexique Pro (LPro henceforth)
to create a new dictionary. We then look at the somewhat similar process of uploading
and editing an existing Toolbox project into LPro. These two sections also describe
the problems we encountered, and offer some solutions. The remaining sections review the
other two functions of the software: sharing a LPro database with other computer users,
and exporting a LPro database to different formats (xml, html, and text).
This review (just like the software) is geared more towards helping beginning lexicographers
with moderate computer skills, than professional linguists or highly competent
computer users. Note however that LPro uses the SIL Toolbox MDF field markers to classify data. LPro users therefore need to know and understand these field markers.
CONTENTS
1. Alexandre François, Michael Franjieh, Sébastien Lacrampe, Stefan Schnell — The exceptional linguistic density of Vanuatu
2. Elizabeth Pearce — Completing and terminating: On aspect marking in Unua
3. Peter Budd — Move the ka: Valency and Instrumental shift in Bierebo
4. Benjamin Touati — The initial vowel copy in the Sakao dialect of Wanohe (Espiritu Santo)
5. Michael Franjieh — The construct suffix in North Ambrym
6. Murray Garde — Numerals in Sa
7. Alexandre François — The ins and outs of up and down: Disentangling the nine geocentric space systems of Torres and Banks languages
8. Cynthia Schneider & Andrew Gray — Is it worth documenting "just a dialect"? Making the case for Suru Kavian (Pentecost Island)
9. Dorothy Jauncey — Not just stories: The rules and roles of oral narratives in Tamambo
10. Nick Thieberger — Walking to Erro: Stories of travel, origins, or affection