The aim of this study was to determine the effect of enclosing kale leaves in PE-bags on leaf wei... more The aim of this study was to determine the effect of enclosing kale leaves in PE-bags on leaf weight loss, water loss rate and chlorophyll index in two kale genotypes (cv. 'Red Russian and 'Konavle 2' which is a Croatian local population). The experiment was consisted of six replications with three leaves per treatment at room temperature (22 o C; 50% RH) for five days. Non-bagged leaves of both genotypes, after 5 days, had more than 50%, while bagged leaves had only 17% of water loss. Water loss rate was higher in 'Red Russian' than in "Konavle 2' only in non-bagged leaves. Enclosing leaves in plastic bags reduced the rate of leaf water loss resulting in increased shelf life of kale leaves.
Forest settings can provide an ideal location for cultivating many valued plants that prefer shad... more Forest settings can provide an ideal location for cultivating many valued plants that prefer shaded conditions. Several non-timber forest products, including mushrooms and edible and shade-tolerant plants, can be intentionally cultivated or promoted to reproduce in forests using specific management practices. When considering alternatives for forested land, various elements need to be considered to identify how feasible forest farming will be given the available resources, site characteristics and plans for the land. Ideal forest crops have a relatively high value and are capable of producing profitable volume over the preferred time frame. Georgia and Southeastern growers can improve their income by being part of the ever-increasing supplements and wild crops markets.
Pomegranate is a non-climacteric fruit consumed fresh as whole fruit or arils or used for product... more Pomegranate is a non-climacteric fruit consumed fresh as whole fruit or arils or used for production of juice, wine, and syrup. Pomegranate is popular due to its health benefits. In the U.S. it is grown primarily in California and other semiarid regions. ‘Wonderful’ is a widely grown cultivar in California. Preliminary research has shown, however, that ‘Wonderful’ produces low yields in Georgia, indicating the need to identify cultivars better suited to warm and humid conditions, such as those of the southeastern U.S. The objectives were to determine the physical and chemical quality of pomegranate cultivars grown in Georgia. Pomegranate fruit harvested in Sept.-Oct. 2013 from a grower’s orchard (Alma, GA, 5 cvs.), and Ponder Farm, Univ. of Georgia (TyTy, GA; 20 cvs.), and UGA Tifton Campus (Tifton, GA; 22 cvs.). Individual fruit weight ranged from 335 g (‘Pink’) to 119 g (‘Utah Sweet’); aril weight from 0.63 g (‘Cloud’) to 0.17 g (‘Utah Sweet’); aril weight relative to fruit weight...
The multiple products generated from integrated mixtures of trees with crops or livestock are ava... more The multiple products generated from integrated mixtures of trees with crops or livestock are available at different time intervals, can utilize space effectively, and can efficiently cycle nutrients. These diverse combinations also help buffer the risk of income loss due to price variability or crop failure. Opportunities for expanding the use of agroforestry practices, and the benefits that result, are increasing rapidly in the southern United States.
Reviews some temperate and tropical system issues related to pests.
Dix, M.E., B. Bishaw, S... more Reviews some temperate and tropical system issues related to pests. Dix, M.E., B. Bishaw, S.W. Workman, M.R. Barnhart, N.B. Klopfenstein, and A.M. Dix. 1999. Pest Management in Energy- and Labor-Intensive Agroforestry Systems. pp. 131-156 in Agroforestry in Sustainable Agricultural Systems. L.E. Buck, J.P. Lassoie and E.C.M. Fernandes, eds. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, FL.
Following Hurricane Mitch in 1998 efforts to increase forest cover were part of recovery activiti... more Following Hurricane Mitch in 1998 efforts to increase forest cover were part of recovery activities. Many government agencies and non-governmental groups were engaged in these efforts.
Several non-timber forest products, including mushrooms and edible and shade-tolerant plants, can... more Several non-timber forest products, including mushrooms and edible and shade-tolerant plants, can be intentionally cultivated or promoted to reproduce in forests using specific management practices.
By intercropping annual and
perennial crops that yield varied products and
revenues at different ... more By intercropping annual and perennial crops that yield varied products and revenues at different times, a landowner can more effectively use available space and resources
SummaryÐDierent proportions of tree canopy cover in a second-growth forest were removed to determ... more SummaryÐDierent proportions of tree canopy cover in a second-growth forest were removed to determine the eect of canopy opening on the carbon cycle of a 10-y-old tropical rain forest dominated by Cecropia species. Understorey vegetation was left intact. Mean maximum monthly temperature increased in the 50 and 100% cut areas relative to 0% canopy removal plots. Plots with a 100% canopy removal had slightly higher soil moisture than 50 and 0% removal plots. Annual ®ne litter input was 6.9 20.3 t ha À1 in the 0% cut plots with two separate peaks during the year. There was less litter input and a tendency toward slower decomposition of leaf litter in more open plots than in the plots with greater canopy cover. Percent lignin, carbon and nitrogen did not dier between the kinds of plant material used in the decomposition experiment. Quantity of tannins, however, related directly to decomposition rates. The annual decay rate (k) determined at 560 d from three kinds of litter in bags ranged from À0.39 to À0.61. There was no signi®cant dierence in decay rates associated with percent canopy removal. Decay rate estimates, using annual input of litter divided by standing mass of ®ne litter (the average of dry and wet season estimates, 10.3 t ha À1 ), resulted in a k value of À0.7 in the 0% plots, and was higher than any estimate obtained using litterbags. Decomposition rates determined in these second-growth plots are lower than any reported for primary forests in Amazonia. #
Before prioritising regional agroforestry training and extension content, it is necessary to disc... more Before prioritising regional agroforestry training and extension content, it is necessary to discover which practices are common, what benefits are perceived, which barriers prevent use, and how people feel about practices. Agroforestry taps both agriculture and forestry agencies to increase the possible set of educators for landowners and managers. Interdisciplinary activities also present barriers to professionals unfamiliar with some topics or not served by lead partner agencies. To understand motives, barriers and needs involved in agroforestry extension and training activities for professionals, the Center for Subtropical Agroforestry (CSTAF) designed a survey to gauge knowledge, practice and information needs of professionals in Alabama, Florida and Georgia. Landowners in Alabama and Florida received similar survey questionnaires. Initial interviews of a test group with open-ended questions formed the basis for a closed-ended mail survey to all agriculture and natural resource extension agents and county foresters in the subtropical area. Response rates for various professional groups varied between 14% and 43%, and most ranked the potential for use of agroforestry as moderate or high. In all three states, wildlife habitat, water quality and soil conservation were the most important benefits seen by extension professionals. The most important concerns identified were lack of familiarity, lack of demonstrations, no financial incentive, and lack of information about agroforestry. These data provide insights about how to prioritise research and materials development and indicate that agroforestry training can be expected to be of value to at least half of the regional forestry and extension professionals.
... Publication Date, 1990 Jan 01. OSTI Identifier, OSTI ID: 6877070; Legacy ID: DE90017254. Repo... more ... Publication Date, 1990 Jan 01. OSTI Identifier, OSTI ID: 6877070; Legacy ID: DE90017254. Report Number(s), SRO-NERP-19. DOE Contract Number, AC09-76SR00819. Other Number(s), Other: ON: DE90017254. Resource Type, Technical Report. ...
Forest settings can provide an ideal location for cultivating many valued plants which prefer sha... more Forest settings can provide an ideal location for cultivating many valued plants which prefer shaded conditions. There are many nontimber forest products including animals and shade tolerant plants which can be intentionally promoted by specific management practices. When considering alternatives for forested land several elements need to be investigated to identify how feasible forest farming will be given the available
The first steps in developing an agroforestry extension and training program involve compilation,... more The first steps in developing an agroforestry extension and training program involve compilation, synthesis, and analysis of current knowledge on existing practices. Equally important is to understand the perceptions of landowners and professionals of agroforestry as a land use option. No systematic effort has been made to assess these critical issues in the southeastern United States. Therefore, needs assessment surveys were developed following an analysis of major demographic issues that frame land use in the region and synthesis of information obtained from informal site visits and interviews with people engaged in resource and land use in the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain. Surveys of extension professionals and landowners were then undertaken in the states of Alabama, Florida, and Georgia to represent the southeastern region. In addition to getting insights into the perceived benefits and concerns about agroforestry practices, the surveys indicated that the extent of alley cropping, forest farming and silvopasture practiced by landowners was less than anticipated, and that the prominence of windbreaks was overlooked by professionals. Managed riparian forest buffers or streamside management zones and windbreak technologies were the most widely used forms of agroforestry in the study area, although landowners did not recognize influence of agroforestry practices on quality or quantity of water among benefits of highest importance to them. Multistrata patio- or home gardens were also a prominent landowner-practice and acknowledged by professionals. These survey results can be useful for developing a relevant agroforestry extension and training program in the subtropical Southeast and may be of interest to agroforestry efforts in other similar settings.
The first steps in developing an agroforestry extension and training program involve compilation,... more The first steps in developing an agroforestry extension and training program involve compilation, synthesis, and analysis of current knowledge on existing practices. Equally important is to understand the perceptions of landowners and professionals of agroforestry as a land use option. No systematic effort has been made to assess these critical issues in the southeastern United States. Therefore, needs assessment surveys were developed following an analysis of major demographic issues that frame land use in the region and synthesis of information obtained from informal site visits and interviews with people engaged in resource and land use in the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain. Surveys of extension professionals and landowners were then undertaken in the states of Alabama, Florida, and Georgia to represent the southeastern region. In addition to getting insights into the perceived benefits and concerns about agroforestry practices, the surveys indicated that the extent of alley cropping, forest farming and silvopasture practiced by landowners was less than anticipated, and that the prominence of windbreaks was overlooked by professionals. Managed riparian forest buffers or streamside management zones and windbreak technologies were the most widely used forms of agroforestry in the study area, although landowners did not recognize influence of agroforestry practices on quality or quantity of water among benefits of highest importance to them. Multistrata patio-or home gardens were also a prominent landowner-practice and acknowledged by professionals. These survey results can be useful for developing a relevant agroforestry extension and training program in the subtropical Southeast and may be of interest to agroforestry efforts in other similar settings.
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of enclosing kale leaves in PE-bags on leaf wei... more The aim of this study was to determine the effect of enclosing kale leaves in PE-bags on leaf weight loss, water loss rate and chlorophyll index in two kale genotypes (cv. 'Red Russian and 'Konavle 2' which is a Croatian local population). The experiment was consisted of six replications with three leaves per treatment at room temperature (22 o C; 50% RH) for five days. Non-bagged leaves of both genotypes, after 5 days, had more than 50%, while bagged leaves had only 17% of water loss. Water loss rate was higher in 'Red Russian' than in "Konavle 2' only in non-bagged leaves. Enclosing leaves in plastic bags reduced the rate of leaf water loss resulting in increased shelf life of kale leaves.
Forest settings can provide an ideal location for cultivating many valued plants that prefer shad... more Forest settings can provide an ideal location for cultivating many valued plants that prefer shaded conditions. Several non-timber forest products, including mushrooms and edible and shade-tolerant plants, can be intentionally cultivated or promoted to reproduce in forests using specific management practices. When considering alternatives for forested land, various elements need to be considered to identify how feasible forest farming will be given the available resources, site characteristics and plans for the land. Ideal forest crops have a relatively high value and are capable of producing profitable volume over the preferred time frame. Georgia and Southeastern growers can improve their income by being part of the ever-increasing supplements and wild crops markets.
Pomegranate is a non-climacteric fruit consumed fresh as whole fruit or arils or used for product... more Pomegranate is a non-climacteric fruit consumed fresh as whole fruit or arils or used for production of juice, wine, and syrup. Pomegranate is popular due to its health benefits. In the U.S. it is grown primarily in California and other semiarid regions. ‘Wonderful’ is a widely grown cultivar in California. Preliminary research has shown, however, that ‘Wonderful’ produces low yields in Georgia, indicating the need to identify cultivars better suited to warm and humid conditions, such as those of the southeastern U.S. The objectives were to determine the physical and chemical quality of pomegranate cultivars grown in Georgia. Pomegranate fruit harvested in Sept.-Oct. 2013 from a grower’s orchard (Alma, GA, 5 cvs.), and Ponder Farm, Univ. of Georgia (TyTy, GA; 20 cvs.), and UGA Tifton Campus (Tifton, GA; 22 cvs.). Individual fruit weight ranged from 335 g (‘Pink’) to 119 g (‘Utah Sweet’); aril weight from 0.63 g (‘Cloud’) to 0.17 g (‘Utah Sweet’); aril weight relative to fruit weight...
The multiple products generated from integrated mixtures of trees with crops or livestock are ava... more The multiple products generated from integrated mixtures of trees with crops or livestock are available at different time intervals, can utilize space effectively, and can efficiently cycle nutrients. These diverse combinations also help buffer the risk of income loss due to price variability or crop failure. Opportunities for expanding the use of agroforestry practices, and the benefits that result, are increasing rapidly in the southern United States.
Reviews some temperate and tropical system issues related to pests.
Dix, M.E., B. Bishaw, S... more Reviews some temperate and tropical system issues related to pests. Dix, M.E., B. Bishaw, S.W. Workman, M.R. Barnhart, N.B. Klopfenstein, and A.M. Dix. 1999. Pest Management in Energy- and Labor-Intensive Agroforestry Systems. pp. 131-156 in Agroforestry in Sustainable Agricultural Systems. L.E. Buck, J.P. Lassoie and E.C.M. Fernandes, eds. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, FL.
Following Hurricane Mitch in 1998 efforts to increase forest cover were part of recovery activiti... more Following Hurricane Mitch in 1998 efforts to increase forest cover were part of recovery activities. Many government agencies and non-governmental groups were engaged in these efforts.
Several non-timber forest products, including mushrooms and edible and shade-tolerant plants, can... more Several non-timber forest products, including mushrooms and edible and shade-tolerant plants, can be intentionally cultivated or promoted to reproduce in forests using specific management practices.
By intercropping annual and
perennial crops that yield varied products and
revenues at different ... more By intercropping annual and perennial crops that yield varied products and revenues at different times, a landowner can more effectively use available space and resources
SummaryÐDierent proportions of tree canopy cover in a second-growth forest were removed to determ... more SummaryÐDierent proportions of tree canopy cover in a second-growth forest were removed to determine the eect of canopy opening on the carbon cycle of a 10-y-old tropical rain forest dominated by Cecropia species. Understorey vegetation was left intact. Mean maximum monthly temperature increased in the 50 and 100% cut areas relative to 0% canopy removal plots. Plots with a 100% canopy removal had slightly higher soil moisture than 50 and 0% removal plots. Annual ®ne litter input was 6.9 20.3 t ha À1 in the 0% cut plots with two separate peaks during the year. There was less litter input and a tendency toward slower decomposition of leaf litter in more open plots than in the plots with greater canopy cover. Percent lignin, carbon and nitrogen did not dier between the kinds of plant material used in the decomposition experiment. Quantity of tannins, however, related directly to decomposition rates. The annual decay rate (k) determined at 560 d from three kinds of litter in bags ranged from À0.39 to À0.61. There was no signi®cant dierence in decay rates associated with percent canopy removal. Decay rate estimates, using annual input of litter divided by standing mass of ®ne litter (the average of dry and wet season estimates, 10.3 t ha À1 ), resulted in a k value of À0.7 in the 0% plots, and was higher than any estimate obtained using litterbags. Decomposition rates determined in these second-growth plots are lower than any reported for primary forests in Amazonia. #
Before prioritising regional agroforestry training and extension content, it is necessary to disc... more Before prioritising regional agroforestry training and extension content, it is necessary to discover which practices are common, what benefits are perceived, which barriers prevent use, and how people feel about practices. Agroforestry taps both agriculture and forestry agencies to increase the possible set of educators for landowners and managers. Interdisciplinary activities also present barriers to professionals unfamiliar with some topics or not served by lead partner agencies. To understand motives, barriers and needs involved in agroforestry extension and training activities for professionals, the Center for Subtropical Agroforestry (CSTAF) designed a survey to gauge knowledge, practice and information needs of professionals in Alabama, Florida and Georgia. Landowners in Alabama and Florida received similar survey questionnaires. Initial interviews of a test group with open-ended questions formed the basis for a closed-ended mail survey to all agriculture and natural resource extension agents and county foresters in the subtropical area. Response rates for various professional groups varied between 14% and 43%, and most ranked the potential for use of agroforestry as moderate or high. In all three states, wildlife habitat, water quality and soil conservation were the most important benefits seen by extension professionals. The most important concerns identified were lack of familiarity, lack of demonstrations, no financial incentive, and lack of information about agroforestry. These data provide insights about how to prioritise research and materials development and indicate that agroforestry training can be expected to be of value to at least half of the regional forestry and extension professionals.
... Publication Date, 1990 Jan 01. OSTI Identifier, OSTI ID: 6877070; Legacy ID: DE90017254. Repo... more ... Publication Date, 1990 Jan 01. OSTI Identifier, OSTI ID: 6877070; Legacy ID: DE90017254. Report Number(s), SRO-NERP-19. DOE Contract Number, AC09-76SR00819. Other Number(s), Other: ON: DE90017254. Resource Type, Technical Report. ...
Forest settings can provide an ideal location for cultivating many valued plants which prefer sha... more Forest settings can provide an ideal location for cultivating many valued plants which prefer shaded conditions. There are many nontimber forest products including animals and shade tolerant plants which can be intentionally promoted by specific management practices. When considering alternatives for forested land several elements need to be investigated to identify how feasible forest farming will be given the available
The first steps in developing an agroforestry extension and training program involve compilation,... more The first steps in developing an agroforestry extension and training program involve compilation, synthesis, and analysis of current knowledge on existing practices. Equally important is to understand the perceptions of landowners and professionals of agroforestry as a land use option. No systematic effort has been made to assess these critical issues in the southeastern United States. Therefore, needs assessment surveys were developed following an analysis of major demographic issues that frame land use in the region and synthesis of information obtained from informal site visits and interviews with people engaged in resource and land use in the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain. Surveys of extension professionals and landowners were then undertaken in the states of Alabama, Florida, and Georgia to represent the southeastern region. In addition to getting insights into the perceived benefits and concerns about agroforestry practices, the surveys indicated that the extent of alley cropping, forest farming and silvopasture practiced by landowners was less than anticipated, and that the prominence of windbreaks was overlooked by professionals. Managed riparian forest buffers or streamside management zones and windbreak technologies were the most widely used forms of agroforestry in the study area, although landowners did not recognize influence of agroforestry practices on quality or quantity of water among benefits of highest importance to them. Multistrata patio- or home gardens were also a prominent landowner-practice and acknowledged by professionals. These survey results can be useful for developing a relevant agroforestry extension and training program in the subtropical Southeast and may be of interest to agroforestry efforts in other similar settings.
The first steps in developing an agroforestry extension and training program involve compilation,... more The first steps in developing an agroforestry extension and training program involve compilation, synthesis, and analysis of current knowledge on existing practices. Equally important is to understand the perceptions of landowners and professionals of agroforestry as a land use option. No systematic effort has been made to assess these critical issues in the southeastern United States. Therefore, needs assessment surveys were developed following an analysis of major demographic issues that frame land use in the region and synthesis of information obtained from informal site visits and interviews with people engaged in resource and land use in the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain. Surveys of extension professionals and landowners were then undertaken in the states of Alabama, Florida, and Georgia to represent the southeastern region. In addition to getting insights into the perceived benefits and concerns about agroforestry practices, the surveys indicated that the extent of alley cropping, forest farming and silvopasture practiced by landowners was less than anticipated, and that the prominence of windbreaks was overlooked by professionals. Managed riparian forest buffers or streamside management zones and windbreak technologies were the most widely used forms of agroforestry in the study area, although landowners did not recognize influence of agroforestry practices on quality or quantity of water among benefits of highest importance to them. Multistrata patio-or home gardens were also a prominent landowner-practice and acknowledged by professionals. These survey results can be useful for developing a relevant agroforestry extension and training program in the subtropical Southeast and may be of interest to agroforestry efforts in other similar settings.
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Papers by Sarah Workman
Dix, M.E., B. Bishaw, S.W. Workman, M.R. Barnhart, N.B. Klopfenstein, and A.M. Dix. 1999. Pest Management in Energy- and Labor-Intensive Agroforestry Systems. pp. 131-156 in Agroforestry in Sustainable Agricultural Systems. L.E. Buck, J.P. Lassoie and E.C.M. Fernandes, eds. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, FL.
perennial crops that yield varied products and
revenues at different times, a landowner can more
effectively use available space and resources
Dix, M.E., B. Bishaw, S.W. Workman, M.R. Barnhart, N.B. Klopfenstein, and A.M. Dix. 1999. Pest Management in Energy- and Labor-Intensive Agroforestry Systems. pp. 131-156 in Agroforestry in Sustainable Agricultural Systems. L.E. Buck, J.P. Lassoie and E.C.M. Fernandes, eds. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, FL.
perennial crops that yield varied products and
revenues at different times, a landowner can more
effectively use available space and resources