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Tok Jeman

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Pronunciation [ˈdɔʏtʃ]
Tokples istap long Primarily in German-speaking Europe, as a minority language and amongst the German diaspora worldwide
Total spikas Native speakers:
ca. 90[1] – 97 million[2]
Non-native speakers:
ca. 80 million[3]
Famili bilong tokples Indo-European
Writing system Latin alphabet (German variant)
Ofisel sindaun
Ofisel tokples bilong Plak bilong Yurop European Union
(official and working language)

Plak bilong Ostria Austria
Plak bilong Beljiam Belgium
Plak bilong Itali Italy (South Tyrol)
Plak bilong Siamani Germany
Plak bilong Liktenstain Liechtenstein
Plak bilong Laksembog Luxembourg
Plak bilong Suwisalan Switzerland

Recognised minority language in Plak bilong Jek Ripablik Czech Republic[5]
Plak bilong Denmak Denmark[6]
Plak bilong Hangari Hungary[7]

Plak bilong Kasakstan Kazakhstan[8]
Plak bilong Namibia Namibia (National language; official language 1984–90)[9][10]
Plak bilong Polan Poland (Auxiliary language in 22 municipalities in Opole Voivodeship)[11]
Plak bilong Romenia Romania[12]
Plak bilong Rasia Russia[13]
Plak bilong Slovakia Slovakia (Official municipal language of Krahule/Blaufuß)[3][14]
Plak bilong Vatikan Siti Vatikan Siti (Administrative and commanding language of the Swiss Guard)[15]

Boslain No official regulation

(German orthography regulated by the Council for German Orthography (Rat für deutsche Rechtschreibung)[4]).

Ol kod bilong tokples
ISO 639-1 de
ISO 639-2 ger (B)  deu (T)
ISO 639-3 variously:
deu — New High German
gmh — Middle High German
goh — Old High German
gct — Alemán Coloniero
bar — Austro-Bavarian
cim — Cimbrian
geh — Hutterite German
ksh — Kölsch
nds — Low German
sli — Lower Silesian
ltz — Luxembourgish
vmf — Main-Franconian
mhn — Mócheno
pfl — Palatinate German
pdc — Pennsylvania German
pdt — Plautdietsch
swg — Swabian German
gsw — Swiss German
uln — Unserdeutsch
sxu — Upper Saxon
wae — Walser German
wep — Westphalian
Linguasphere 52-AC (Continental West Germanic) > 52-ACB (Deutsch & Dutch) >
52-ACB-d (Central German incl. 52-ACB–dl & -dm Standard/Generalised High German) + 52-ACB-e & -f (Upper German & Swiss German) + 52-ACB-g (Yiddish) + 52-ACB-h (émigré German varieties incl.
52-ACB-hc Hutterite German & 52-ACB-he Pennsylvania German etc.) + 52-ACB-i (Yenish); totalling 285 varieties: 52-ACB-daa to 52-ACB-i
Dispela pes bai soim sampela ol IPA raitim long soim pasin bilong singaut.

Tok Jeman (o Tok Siaman, Tok Siamani) (Tok Siaman: Deutsch, Tok Inglis: German) em i wanpela tokples. Asples bilong en em i kantri Siamani.

Referens

[senisim | edit source]
  1. ↑ Lewis, M. Paul, ed. (2009). Ethnologue: Languages of the World (16 ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International https://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=deu. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  2. ↑ Marten, Thomas; Sauer, Fritz Joachim, eds (in German). Länderkunde - Deutschland, Österreich, Schweiz und Liechtenstein im Querschnitt. Berlin: Inform-Verlag. p. 7. ISBN 3-9805843-1-3. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 National Geographic Collegiate Atlas of the World. Willard, Ohio: R.R Donnelley & Sons Company. April 2006. pp. 257–270. ISBN Regular:0-7922-3662-9, 978-0-7922-3662-7. Deluxe:0-7922-7976-X, 978-0-7922-7976-1. 
  4. ↑ Rat für deutsche Rechtschreibung - Über den Rat. Rechtschreibrat.ids-mannheim.de. Retrieved on 2010-10-11.
  5. ↑ EUROPA - Allgemeine & berufliche Bildung - Regional- und Minderheitensprachen der Europäischen Union - Euromosaik-Studie
  6. ↑ Support from the European Commission for measures to promote and safeguard regional or minority languages and cultures - The Euromosaic sutdy: German in Denmark (engl.). Letzter Zugriff am 13. November 2009
  7. ↑ EC.europa.eu
  8. ↑ KAZAKHSTAN: Special report on ethnic Germans. Irinnews.org. Retrieved on 2010-10-11.
  9. ↑ Deutsch in Namibia (German) (PDF). Supplement of the Allgemeine Zeitung (2007-08-18). Retrieved on 2008-06-23.
  10. ↑ "CIA World Fact book Profile: Namibia" cia.gov'.' Retrieved 2008-11-30.
  11. ↑ Map on page of Polish Ministry of Interior and Administration (MSWiA). Retrieved on 2010-03-15.
  12. ↑ SbZ - Deutsche Minderheit in Rumänien: "Zimmerpflanze oder Betreuungs-Objekt" - Informationen zu Siebenbürgen und Rumänien. Siebenbuerger.de. Retrieved on 2010-03-15.
  13. ↑ Geschichte. Rusdeutsch.EU. Retrieved on 2010-10-11.
  14. ↑ EUROPA - Allgemeine & berufliche Bildung - Regional- und Minderheitensprachen der Europäischen Union - Euromosaik-Studie
  15. ↑ Verein Deutsche Sprache e.V. (2006-06-15). Verein Deutsche Sprache e.V. - Prominente Mitglieder und Ehrenmitglieder. Vds-ev.de. Retrieved on 2010-03-15. Templet:Dead link

(Dispela pes Tok Jeman em i liklik tumas. Yu inap raitim moa sapos yu laik halivim Wikipedia. Hau?)

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