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Miniyaabolis

Ka Wikipedia
(Waxaa laga soo toosiyay Minneapolis)
Bogan waa mid ku saabsan magaalada Minneapolis, Minnesota wixii faahfaahin ah fiiri Minneapolis
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Caasimad
Caasimada Minneapolis
SVG map of Hennepin County and unincorporated areas showing location of Minneapolis
Kas soo biloow kor ilaa midig: Downtown Minneapolis, TCF Bank Stadium, Tiyaatarka Guthrie, Biyaha Minnehaha Falls, iyo First Avenue nightclub
Flag
Nickname(s): 
"Caasimada Harooyinka", "Mill City", "Caasimadaha Mataanaha" (naanays la wadaagto Saint Paul, Minnesota), "Mini Apple"
Motto(s): 
En Avant (Af Faransiis: 'Horay u socod')
Minneapolis, Minnesota is located in USA
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Meesha kaga taalo Maraykanka
WadankaMaraykanka
DeegaankaMinnesota
CountyHennepin
La bilaabay1867
Founded byJohn H. Stevens iyo Franklin Steele
Named forEreyga ka yimid Dakota mni micnaheedu yahay biyo oo lagu daray erey Giriig ah polis oo micnaheedu yahay caasimad
Dowlada
 • NuucaGolaha Duqa-magaalada
 • BodyGolaha Caasimada Minneapolis
 • Duqa-magaaladaBetsy Hodges (Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Beeroleyda Minnesota)
Area
151.3 km2 (58.4 sq mi)
 • Land142.2 km2 (54.9 sq mi)
 • Water9.1 km2 (3.5 sq mi)
Joogga
264 m (830 ft)
Tirada dadka
 • Caasimad382,578
 • Estimate 
(2013[2])
400,070
 • RankUS: 46aad
 • Cufnaanta dadka2,813/km2 (7,287/sq mi)
 • Metro
3,459,146 (US: 16aad)
 • Nidaamka
Minneapolitan
Aag saacadeedUTC-6 (CST)
 • Xagaa (DST)UTC-5 (CDT)
ZIP Kodhyada
55401 – 55488 (meelaha qaar waxay leeyihiin zip code ka duwan kuwa kale)
Furaha612
FIPS code27-43000
Diiwaanka GNIS0655030[3]
Websitewww.MinneapolisMN.gov

Minneapolis, Mineyaabolis (Listeni/niˈæpəlɪs/), sida saxda ah loo yaqaano Caasimada Minneapolis waa xarunta Hennepin County, mid ka mid ah Magaalooyinka Mataanaha iyo mida 14aad ee shabakada magaalooyinka waaweyn ee wadanka Maraykanka, midaasi ooy ku nool yihiin dad ka badan 3.8 milyan. Sanadkii 2014ka waxaa magaalada Minneapolis lagu magacaabay caasimada ugu weyn gobolka Minnesota, iyo mida 46aad eegu baaxada weyn wadanka Maraykanka; midaasi oo leh shacab dhan 407,207.

Minneapolis waxay dul taala gebiyada Webiga Mississipi, waxayna dhinaca ku heysaa magaalo madaxda gobolka ee Saint Paul. Magaaladani waxay qani ku tahay biyoha ayadoo leh harooyin badan oo ku wareegsan, webi iyo biyo dhacyo badan. Waxay sidoo kale ahaan jirtey caasimada soo saarista daqiiqda iyo burka, iyo alwaaxa. Maantana waxay tahay xarun ganacsi oo u dhexeeya Chicago iyo Seattle, ayada oo xarun u ah qaar badan oo ka mid ah shirkadha ugu waaweyn wadanka Marayknaka ee loo yaqaano Fortune 500.

Dhinaca kale, caasimada Minneapolis iyo nawaaxigeedu waxeey hooy u tahay Soomaalida ugu badan ee ku dhaqan guud ahaan wadanka Maraykanka iyo qaarada Waqooyiga Amerika ooy ka mid tahay wadanka Kanada. Hennepin County oo kali ah ayaa waxa degan ilaa 45,500 oo Soomaali ah, kuwaasi oo ku dhaqan darajooyin kala duwan ee nolosha Minneapolis. Tusaale ahaan, xaafada koonfurta Minneapolis iyo Cedar waxaa si khaas ah u degan Soomaali, waxaanad wadooyinka xaafadaas ku arki kartaa Soomaali tuban ama ku caweeynaya agagaarka xaafadahooda. Sidoo kale masaajido badan iyo suuqyo balbalaadhan ayaa meelo badan ugu yaala Soomaalida magaaladaas. Xildhibaano, saraakiil, askar iyo shaqaale dowlo oo kala duwan ayay Soomaalidu ka qabatey magaalada Minneapolis iyo nawaaxigeeda. Sidoo kale, sanadkii 2014 waxaa dhowr nin oo Soomaalida Maraykanka isku soo sharaxeen doorashooyin ka dhacayay gobolka Minnesota kuwaasi qaar ka mid ahi ku guuleysteen jagooyin aad u sareeya.

In kastoo magaaladu aad u balaadhan tahay oo dhismoyaal bilicsan leedahay, hadana farasmagaalaha loo yaqaano downtown ayaa ugu dhismeyaal waawayn, halkaasi oo xarun u ah dhamaan shirkadaha ganacsiga, xafiisyada dowlada iyo dhamaan xarumaha ugu muhiimsan ee magaalada. Waxa intaas soo raaca waa xaafada galbeedka magaalada ee lagu magacaabo Uptown, halkaasi oo xarun u ah meherado iyo goobo ganacsi oo badan.

Guud ahaan magaalada Minneapolis waxay leedahay jawi cimilo oo aad u kala duwan wakhtiga sanadka. Bisha tobanaad ilaa tan kow-iyo-tobanaad waxaa magaaladu u diyaar garoowdaa qaboowga daran ee jiilaalka kaasi oo wata baraf aad u badan mararka qaar dadka ku khasba ineey guryahooda joogaan maalmo badan. Wakhti qaboobaha oo u badan baraf iyo dabayl xoogan waxay soo gaadhaa ilaa bisha shanaad sanad kasta, wakhtigaasi oo roobka gu'gu curto isla markaana nadiifiyo barafka hadheeyay dhulka. Bisha lixaad ilaa tan sagaalaad magaalada Minneapolis waxaa lagu yaqaanaa cimilo aad u kulul oo goorta ay ugu sareeyso gaadha ilaa 96° F (u dhiganta ilaa 35° C). Bilaha todobaad iyo sideedaad ayaa ugu kulul sanadka, halka koowaad iyo labaad ay ugu qaboow yihiin.



Taariikhda

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
Maqaal dhamaystiran: Taariikhda Minneapolis
Taoyateduta wuxuu ka mid ahaa 121 hogaamiye qabiil ee sanadkii 1837 ilaa 1851 ka qeyb qaatey aasaaska iyo dhisida magaalada Minneapolis.[4][5][6][7]

Qabiilka Dakota Sioux ayaa deegaan ku ahaa agagaarka magaalada Minneapolis tan iyo goortii uu ugu horayn soo gaadhay sahamiyayaashii Faransiiska ahaa markii taariikhdu ahayd qiyaastii 1680. Ka dib, waxa si tartiib ah ugu soo fiday ciidamada dowlada Maraykanka oo goortii dambe ka dhisatey xarun ciidamada xooga ah meel u dhow magaalada Fort Snelling, taasi oo la dhamaystiray sanadkii 1819. Sanado ka dib, dowlada Maraykanku waxay khasab uga dhigtey qabiilka Mdewakanton ineey dhulkooda ka iibiyaan dowlada isla markaana la dejiyo dhul dowladu u magacaawday. Waxa deegaanadaas dowladu ku wareejisey degayaashii cadaanka ahaa ee lagu beerayay dhulka. Midani waxay ahayd aasaaska iyo magaaleynta agagaarka webiga Mississipi.[8]

Sanadkii 1856 ayaa dowlada Maraykanku heshiis khasab ah la sexeexatey inta u badan qabiilada dadkii dhulka loogu yimid, heshiiskaasi oo dhul balaadhan siinayay dowlada. Waxa qabiilada Hindida Cas lagu ururiyey waqooyiga gobolka Minnesota, halka agagaarka webiga Mississipi loo qeeybiyey cadaanka ay dowladu dib u dejinta u keentay deegaanadaasi. Sanadkii 1876 ayaa magaalo ahaan loo xaadhxaadhay agagaarka webiga Missisipi taasi oo noqotey biloowgii magaalada Minneapolis. Maadaama wax beerashada iyo manaafacaadsiga biyuhu ay qani ku ahaayeen deegaanadaasi, waxaa si tartiib ah u bilaabmey in magaalada Minneapolis si tartiib ah u korto. Wakhtiyadaasi waxaa sidoo kale ka qeyb qaatey koritaanka magaalada waxay ahayd alwaaxyada iyo dhirta laga soo guro waqooyiga Minnesota, kuwaasi oo lagu habeen jirey isla markaana lagu farsameyn jirey magaalada. Midani waxay keentay koritaan shaqo, dhaqaale iyo ganacsi midaasi oo soo jiidatay in tiro badan oo dad ahi u soo guuraan magaalada.

Sanadadii xigay ee 1890mayihii waxaa magaalada Minneapolis ku soo kordhay dhowr meheradood oo waaweyn. Kuwaasi waxaa ka mid ahaa warshada daqiiqda iyo burka, warshada birta iyo naxaasta, wershadaha alwaaxa iyo farsameynta dhirta. Wakhti yar gudaheed waxaa la sameeyay wadooyinkii ugu horeeyay ee jidka tareenka kaasi oo magaalada Minneapolis ku xidhaya wadanka intiisa kale. Wakhtiyadii u dhexeeyay 1880kii ilaa 1930kii waxaa magaalada Minneapolis loo sameeyay koronto laga dhaliyey biyaha webiga midaasi oo soo jiidatey balaadhinta iyo dhi₨sida warshado cusub oo magaaladu yeelato.

In kastoo shacabka magaalada Minneapolis u badnaa cadaan, hadana sanadihii ka dambeeyay 1940meeyihii waxaa si tartiib ah u soo kordhayay dadka aan cadaanka ahayn ooy ka mid yihiin Madowga, Hindida Cas, iyo Laatiinaha. Ganacsiga oo kordhay, nolosha oo raqiis ah, helitaanka shaqada oo fursad fiican ah ayaa waxay sanadihii ugu dambeeyay magaalada Minneapolis soo jiidatay tiro badan oo ajaanib ah. In kastoo weli tirada ugu badan ee bulshadu tahay cadaan hadana tirada dadka aan cadaanka ahayn weey sii kordaysaa sanad walba.

Juquraafiga

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
muuqaalka magaalada Minneapolis iyo Harta Calhoun

Dhaqaalaha iyo koritaanka magaalada Minneapolis waxaa aasaas iyo saldhig u ah biyaha baaxada weyn ee si dabiici ah looga helo caasimada iyo nawaaxigeeda. Magaalada Minneapolis waxaa tan iyo wakhtiyadii hore lagu yaqaaney cimilo qaboow oo baraf badan wakhtiga jiilaalka iyo roob goosgoos ah iyo kuleyl heer sare wakhtiyada gu'ga iyo xagaaga ah.[9] Baaxada magaalada Minneapolis waa 58.4 square miles (151.3 km2) midaasi oo in ku dhow 6% ay biyo tahay, halka inta kale iskugu jirto keymo, duur iyo dhul la degan yahay.[10] Magaaladan waxaa ay caan ku tahay biyaha saafiga ah, waxayna leedahay labo iyo toban haro, sadex dhijaamood, iyo tiro badan oo biyo meel fadhiyo ah oon la magacaabin. Intaas waxaa dheer, magaalada badhtameheeda waxaa dhaca dhigta 45° Waqooyi (45° N latitude).[11]

Cimilada Minneapolis

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]

Caasimada Minneapolis waxay leedahay cimilada gobolka Badhtamaha-Galbeedka (Midwest region) ee dalka Maraykanka. Wakhtiga jiilaalka waa qaboow badan iyo barafleey, halka wakhtiga gu'ga ay ka tahay diiramaad iyo heer-kul sareeya. Xafiiska saadaasha hawada waxay sheegeen in magaalada Minneapolis hesho 58% oo qorax ah sanadkii. Marka cimilada la kala soocayo, magaaladan waxaa lagu daraa deegaanada cimilida dhexe leh ee xoogaa huurka xiga. Sidaasi ay tahay farqiga u dhexeeya barta ugu sareeysa heerkulka iyo barta ugu hooseysa waa farqi ah: 60.1 °F (33.4 °C). Waxaa intaasi dheer, Minneapolis waxaa ka da'a roob badan, baraf, dabeeylo xoog badan, roob barafle, duufaano, fatahaad, ceeryaamo iyo caad. Inta taariikhda cimilada magaaladan la hayo goortii uu ugu sareeyay heerkulku wuxuu gaadhay 108 °F (42 °C) bishii July ee 1936, halka wakhtigii uu ugu hooseeyay ee la xafidey tahay −41 °F (−41 °C) bishii January 1888kii. Waxa iyadna xusid mudan sanadkii ugu barafka badnaa inta taariikhda la hayo taasi oo ahayd 1983–84, goortaasi oo 98.4 inches (250 cm) oo baraf ah da'ay.

Guud ahaan magaalada Minneapolis waxay leedahay jawi cimilo oo aad u kala duwan wakhtiga sanadka. Bisha tobanaad ilaa tan kow-iyo-tobanaad waxaa magaaladu u diyaar garoowdaa qaboowga daran ee jiilaalka kaasi oo wata baraf aad u badan mararka qaar dadka ku khasba ineey guryahooda joogaan maalmo badan. Wakhti qaboobaha oo u badan baraf iyo dabayl xoogan waxay soo gaadhaa ilaa bisha shanaad sanad kasta, wakhtigaasi oo roobka gu'gu curto isla markaana nadiifiyo barafka hadheeyay dhulka. Bisha lixaad ilaa tan sagaalaad magaalada Minneapolis waxaa lagu yaqaanaa cimilo aad u kulul oo goorta ay ugu sareeyso gaadha ilaa 96° F (u dhiganta ilaa 35° C). Bilaha todobaad iyo sideedaad ayaa ugu kulul sanadka, halka koowaad iyo labaad ay ugu qaboow yihiin.

Qaabdhismeedka Magaalada

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
Muuqaalka badhtamaha magaalada Minneapolis, Minnesota ee wadanka Maraykanka.
Muuqaalka badhtamaha magaalada Minneapolis, Minnesota ee wadanka Maraykanka.

Macluumaad ay soo saartey dowlada Maraykanka ayaa waxa lagu xusay in caasimada Minneapolis ku fadhido dhul baaxadiisu dhan tahay 151.3 km² (58.4 mi²), midaasi oo ilaa 142.2 km² (54.9 mi²) tahay dhul, halka 9.1 km² (3.5 mi²) ay tahay biyo una dhiganta qiyaas dhan (6.01%). Caasimada badhtankeedu wuxuu dhacaa dhigta 45aad ee Waqooyi.[12]

Webiga Mississipi oo dhaca koonfur-bari magaalada ayaa ahaa aasaaska iyo koritaanka Minneapolis. In badan oo ka mid ah wadooyinka qadiimiga ah ee caasimadu waxay dhinac socdaan dhererka webiga. Laakiin goorahan dambe magaaladu waxay aad uga kortay dhinacyada Waqooyi iyo Koonfur, kuwaasi oo soo jiitey tiro badan oo dad ah.

Bulshada

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
Noocyada Dadka 2010[13] 1990[14] 1970[14] 1950[14]
Cadaan 63.8% 78.4% 93.6% 98.4%
 —Ahayn Laatiino 60.3% 77.5% 92.8%[15] n/a
Madoow (African American) 18.6% 13% 4.4% 1.3%
Laatiino ama Hispanic 10.5% 2.1% 0.9%[15] n/a
Aasiyaan 5.6% 4.3% 0.4% 0.2%
Dadka kale 5.6% n/a n/a n/a
Dadka isku dhafka ah (ka soo jeeda labo midab) 4.4% n/a n/a n/a

Sanadka 2010 ka tiro koobta Maraykanka, tiro koobta midabada iyo qabiilada bulshada ku dhaqan wadanka Maraykanka waxay ahayd sida hoos ku xusan:[16][17]

  • Cadaan: 63.8%
  • Madoow ama African American: 18.6%
  • Hindida Cas ma dadka dhulka loogu yimid: 2.0%
  • Aasiya: 5.6% (1.9% Hmong, 0.9% Chinese, 0.7% Indian, 0.6% Korean, 0.4% Vietnamese, 0.3% Thai, 0.3% Laotian, 0.2% Filipino, 0.1% Japanese, 0.2% Other Asian)
  • Hawaaian iyo ka soo jeeda gasiiradaha: 0.1%
  • Inta kale: 5.6%
  • Iska dhal: 4.4%
  • Laatiino ama Hispanic: 10.5%[18] (7.0% Mexican, 1.3% Ecuadorian, 0.4% Puerto Rican, 0.3% Guatemalan, 0.2% Salvadoran, 1.3% Other Latino)
Horaantii qarnigii labaatanaad waxaa magaalada ugu badnaa Cadaan u badan Jarmalka.

Cadaanka Maraykanka ah ayaa ah shan-meelood-sadex dadka deegaanka ku ah magaalada Minneapolis. Dadkani waxay asal aah ka soo jeedaan wadanka Jarmalka iyo Iskaandaniifiyaanka. In ka badan 82,870 qof oo asal ahaan ka soo jeeda Jarmalka ayaa ku nool Minneapolis midaasi oo ka dhigeysa wax ku dhow 23.1%. Intaas waxaa dheer tiro badan oo ka soo jeeda asal ahaan dalka Norwey, Sweden iyo Denmark. Waxa iyadna jira tiro dadka ku dhex qarsoon oo ah reer Yurub, kuwaasi ooy ka mid yihiiin Irish, Talyaani, Ingiriis, Polish iyo Faransiis.

Person entering the front of the American Swedish Institute
Qoxooti reer Scandaniifiyaan ah oo galaya meel kaniisad ah sanadkii 1860s.
Crowd standing at Target Field, preparing to watch a Twins baseball game
Tirada ugu badan dadka oo ah cadaan ayaa hoos uga dhacdey 92.8% sanadkii 1970 ilaa 60.3% sanadkii 2010

Qurbajoogta Soomaaliyeed

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]

Qurbojoogta Soomaalida ee Mareykankan ka ugu badan waxa ay ku nool yihiin Minnesota, iyada oo Ilham Cumar ay hadda u tartamayso kursiga xildhibaannimo ee deegaankaas. Qiyaastii 25,000 ama saddex meelood meel ayaa ku nool Minneapolis.

Sanadkii 2014, Golaha Magaalada Minneapolis ayaa meel mariyey qaraar ku asteysan 1 -da Luulyo inay tahay Maalinta Soomaalida Mareykanka. Munaasabadda ayaa lagu xusayaa maalinta xorriyadda Soomaaliya, oo sannad walba la xuso isla maalintaas.

Waxaa jira koox Markhaatiyaasha Yehowah oo af Soomaali ah.[19]

Sidoo kale arag

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]


Magaalooyinka Maraykanka Gobolada Isku Tegay ee Ameerika
Atlanta  · Austin  · Boston  · Baltimore  · Bloomington  · Kolumbus, Ohio  · Chicago  · Dallas  · Denver  · Detroit  · Houston  · Honolulu  · Kansas City  · Los Angeles  · Las Vegas  · Memphis  · Miami  · Minneapolis · New York  · Nashville  · Oakland  · Omaha  · Orlando  · Phoenix, Arizona  · Portland  · Philadelphia  · Rochester  · San Antonio  · Saint Paul  · San Diego  · Seattle  · San Fransisko  · Washington D.C


Gobolada Maraykanka Gobolada Isku Tegay ee Ameerika
Alabama  · Alaska  · Arizona  · Arkansas  · Delaware  · Florida  · Fermont  · Firjiniya  · Houston  · Gobolka Joorjiya  · Gasiirada Rhode  · Galbeedka Firjiniya  · Hawaii  · Idaho  · Illinois  · Indiana  · Iowa · Kansas  · Kentucky  · Kalifornia  · Kolorado  · Konektikat  · Koonfur Karolina  · Koonfur Dakota  · Louisiana  · Maine  · Maryland  · Massachusetts  · Mishiigan  · Minnesota  · Mississippi  · Missouri  · Montana  · Nebraska  · Nevada  · Hampshire Cusub  · Jersey Cusub  · Meksiko Cusub  · New York (gobol)  · Ohio  · Oklahoma  · Oregon  · Pennsylvania  · Tennessee  · Tegsas (Texas)  · Utah  · Wyoming  · Washington (gobol)  · Waqooyi Karolina  · Waqooyi Dakota

Tixraac

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
  1. ↑ . United States Census Bureau, Population Division. June 9, 2014 https://www.census.gov/popest/data/metro/totals/2013/index.html. Soo qaatay June 9, 2014.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  2. ↑ . United States Census Bureau https://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2013/SUB-EST2013-3.html. Soo qaatay 2014-06-09.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  3. ↑ . Maraykanka. 2007-10-25 https://geonames.usgs.gov. Soo qaatay 2008-01-31.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  4. ↑ Kappler Charles J., Washington: Government Printing Office, Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties, volume II (Treaties, 1778–1883) 1904 Oklahoma State University Library
  5. ↑ "Treaty with the Sioux". Waxaa laga kaydiyay the original 2008-12-01. Soo qaatay 2015-05-24.  Barameter aan la aqoon |ciwaan= ignored (caawin)
  6. ↑ Treaty with the Sioux—Sisseton and Wahpeton Bands
  7. ↑ Little Crow in three quarter height view wearing a headress with three feathers and carrying a spear
  8. ↑ "Nuqul Archive". Hennepin County Library. Waxaa laga kaydiyay the original 2012-04-09. Soo qaatay 2015-05-24.  Barameter aan la aqoon |ciwaan= ignored (caawin) "Nuqul Archive". Waxaa laga kaydiyay the original 2012-04-21. Soo qaatay 2015-05-24.  Barameter aan la aqoon |ciwaan= ignored (caawin) "Nuqul Archive". Waxaa laga kaydiyay the original 2012-04-22. Soo qaatay 2015-05-24.  Barameter aan la aqoon |ciwaan= ignored (caawin) "Nuqul Archive". Waxaa laga kaydiyay the original Bisha Afraad 21, 2012. Soo qaatay October 17, 2012.  Barameter aan la aqoon |ciwaan= ignored (caawin); Hubi qiimaynta taariikhda: |archive-date= (caawin)
  9. ↑ "Nuqul Archive" (PDF). Minneapolis Park & Recreation Board. Waxaa laga kaydiyay the original (PDF) 9 August 2007. Soo qaatay 7 August 2007.  Barameter aan la aqoon |ciwaan= ignored (caawin)
  10. ↑ . U.S. National Park Service. 2006-08-14 https://web.archive.org/web/20071012032440/https://www.nps.gov/miss/forteachers/brjrrivefact.htm. Waxaa laga kaydiyay the original 12 October 2007.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin) . City of Minneapolis https://web.archive.org/web/20071012032440/https://www.nps.gov/miss/forteachers/brjrrivefact.htm. Waxaa laga kaydiyay the original October 12, 2007. Soo qaatay 29 May 2007.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  11. ↑ . Wurlington Bros. Press https://web.archive.org/web/20061125014324/https://www.wurlington-bros.com/45th/Mpls.html. Waxaa laga kaydiyay the original 25 November 2006. Soo qaatay 19 January 2007.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  12. ↑ Wurlington Bros. Press (n.d.). "Nuqul Archive". Waxaa laga kaydiyay the original 2006-11-25. Soo qaatay 2007-01-18.  Barameter aan la aqoon |ciwaan= ignored (caawin)
  13. ↑ "Nuqul Archive". U.S. Census Bureau. Waxaa laga kaydiyay the original April 20, 2012. Soo qaatay April 21, 2012.  Barameter aan la aqoon |ciwaan= ignored (caawin)
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 . U.S. Census Bureau https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html. Soo qaatay April 21, 2012.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 From 15% sample
  16. ↑ Race for the Population 18 Years and Over, U.S. Census Bureau: American FactFinder
  17. ↑ American FactFinder Factfinder2.census.gov
  18. ↑ Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino By Race for the Population 18 Years and Over, U.S. Census Bureau: American FactFinder
  19. ↑ Kulamada qaar ayaa sidoo kale lagu qabtay: Soomaali


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