WO2024139876A1 - 一种聚丙烯复合材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种聚丙烯复合材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- composite material
- polypropylene
- polypropylene composite
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- -1 Polypropylene Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004611 light stabiliser Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001911 maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 abstract description 29
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 abstract description 29
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 abstract description 28
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 20
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 25
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 22
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920006122 polyamide resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- ZHROMWXOTYBIMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;1,3,7,9-tetratert-butyl-11-oxido-5h-benzo[d][1,3,2]benzodioxaphosphocine 11-oxide Chemical compound [Na+].C1C2=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C2OP([O-])(=O)OC2=C1C=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C2C(C)(C)C ZHROMWXOTYBIMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006351 engineering plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LNKJESSHRFPVPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(diethylamino)pentyl 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CCN(CC)CCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC(OC)=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 LNKJESSHRFPVPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000285023 Formosa Species 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JKIJEFPNVSHHEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-, phosphite (3:1) Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1OP(OC=1C(=CC(=CC=1)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)OC1=CC=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C1C(C)(C)C JKIJEFPNVSHHEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930182556 Polyacetal Natural products 0.000 description 1
- BGYHLZZASRKEJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-[3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyloxy]-2,2-bis[3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyloxymethyl]propyl] 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=CC(CCC(=O)OCC(COC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)(COC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)COC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 BGYHLZZASRKEJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011354 acetal resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 description 1
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000008116 calcium stearate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N camphor Chemical compound C1CC2(C)C(=O)CC1C2(C)C DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013538 functional additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010438 granite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009916 joint effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical group CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
- C08K5/52—Phosphorus bound to oxygen only
- C08K5/521—Esters of phosphoric acids, e.g. of H3PO4
- C08K5/523—Esters of phosphoric acids, e.g. of H3PO4 with hydroxyaryl compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
- C08K7/04—Fibres or whiskers inorganic
- C08K7/14—Glass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
- C08L23/12—Polypropene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L51/00—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L51/06—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers grafted on to homopolymers or copolymers of aliphatic hydrocarbons containing only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L77/02—Polyamides derived from omega-amino carboxylic acids or from lactams thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L77/06—Polyamides derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
Definitions
- Polypropylene (PP) and polyoxymethylene are both among the five general-purpose engineering plastics.
- Polypropylene has the advantages of low production cost, good comprehensive mechanical properties, non-toxicity, corrosion resistance, and easy recycling. It is widely used in chemical, construction, packaging, automotive and other fields.
- polypropylene is modified so that its properties (including strength, modulus, toughness, shrinkage properties, etc.) are equivalent to those of polyoxymethylene, and it can be used as a substitute for polyoxymethylene to reduce costs.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the polypropylene composite material.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide use of the polypropylene composite material in the preparation of electronic appliances, automotive parts or industrial machinery devices.
- a polypropylene composite material comprises the following components calculated in parts by weight:
- melt mass flow rate of the polypropylene at 230° C. and 2.16 kg load is ⁇ 11 g/10 min;
- the retention length of the polyamide fiber in the polypropylene composite material is ⁇ 0.4 mm.
- the present invention adopts low-flow polypropylene and adds an ⁇ nucleating agent to improve the crystallinity of the material, forming a stable ⁇ crystal form, increasing the tensile strength of the material and improving the ability to resist damage.
- the present invention also adds glass fiber to further improve the tensile strength of the polypropylene material, but the increase in the glass fiber content will also lead to a decrease in the toughness of the material and a decrease in the shrinkage rate, which cannot reach the strength and shrinkage rate of polyoxymethylene.
- the present invention also adds a specific resin fiber to work together with the glass fiber, and in the case of a small amount of fiber addition, the strength and toughness of polypropylene can be improved at the same time, and the addition of a small amount of fiber can also keep the polypropylene at a high crystallinity and a shrinkage rate equivalent to polyoxymethylene.
- resin fiber on the one hand, has good compatibility with polypropylene, which is conducive to maintaining or even further improving the toughness of polypropylene; on the other hand, the resin fiber with a certain length is evenly dispersed in the polypropylene, presents isotropy, and improves the tensile strength of polypropylene together with the glass fiber, and because the resin fiber has good toughness and deformability compared with the glass fiber, it has little effect on the shrinkage rate of the polypropylene material, so that the shrinkage rate of the material will not be significantly reduced while the strength is improved.
- the retention length of the polyamide fiber in the polypropylene composite material is 0.4 to 3.5 mm. Further preferably, the retention length of the polyamide fiber in the polypropylene composite material is 1.4 to 3 mm. If the length of the polyamide fiber is too short, it cannot play a role in joint reinforcement; if the length of the polyamide fiber is too long, The uneven dispersion in the matrix is prone to agglomeration and extension to the surface of the composite material, affecting the appearance of the material.
- polyamide resins can be prepared into polyamide fibers for use in the present invention.
- the polyamide resin in the polyamide fibers includes but is not limited to at least one of PA6, PA66 or PA610.
- PA6, PA66 or PA610 PA6, PA66 or PA610.
- the present invention has found that the performance of the polypropylene material modified by adding PA6 fibers is closer to that of polyoxymethylene, and the modification effect is better.
- the diameter of the glass fiber is ⁇ 13 ⁇ m, such as 4-8 ⁇ m, 8-10 ⁇ m, 10-13 ⁇ m. Glass fibers within this diameter range have good dispersibility in the polypropylene matrix.
- additives are functional additives, which can be added or not added according to the needs.
- the other additives include but are not limited to at least one of antioxidants, light stabilizers or lubricants.
- the antioxidant is a hindered phenol antioxidant and/or a phosphite antioxidant.
- the light stabilizer includes but is not limited to at least one of a hindered amine light stabilizer or a benzotriazole light stabilizer.
- the lubricant is a stearate lubricant.
- the preparation method of the polypropylene composite material comprises the following steps:
- polypropylene composite material in the preparation of electronic appliances, automobile parts or industrial machinery devices is also within the scope of protection of the present invention.
- the polypropylene composite material is used to prepare automobile door panels, bumper brackets, automobile pillars, air intake pipes, air pipe valves, drawer slides, etc.
- the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
- the tensile strength of the polypropylene composite material of the invention can be maintained at 50-57 MPa, the impact strength can be maintained at 4.2-5.9 MPa, and the molding shrinkage rate can be maintained at 0.17-0.20%, which is equivalent to the performance of polyoxymethylene.
- the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific examples, but the examples do not limit the present invention in any form.
- the reagents, methods and equipment used in the present invention are conventional reagents, methods and equipment in the art.
- the reagents and materials used in the present invention are commercially available.
- PP-1 PPB8101, melt mass flow rate of 0.3 g/10 min at 230 °C and 2.16 kg load, purchased from Yanshan Petrochemical;
- PP-2 PPB-1801, melt mass flow rate of 0.4 g/10 min at 230 °C and 2.16 kg load, purchased from Yanshan Petrochemical;
- PP-4 PPR-4220S, melt mass flow rate of 0.25 g/10 min at 230 °C and 2.16 kg load, purchased from Yanshan Petrochemical;
- PP-5 PPH-MM20-S, melt mass flow rate of 22 g/10 min at 230 °C and 2.16 kg load, purchased from Sinopec;
- melt mass flow rate of polypropylene is tested according to the method in the standard "ISO 1133-2-2011".
- PA6 fiber 840D-96F, purchased from Shenzhen Teli New Materials
- PA66 fiber 15D-3MM, purchased from Shenzhen Teli New Materials
- Polyester fiber FX105, purchased from GRANITE;
- Carbon fiber ST600, purchased from Guangzhou Sente New Materials
- Glass fiber-1 E7CS10-03-508A, with a fiber diameter of 10 ⁇ m, purchased from China Polystone Glass Fiber;
- Glass fiber-2 249AF-10C4MM, with a fiber diameter of 10 ⁇ m, purchased from Owens Corning;
- Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene PC-1, purchased from Bochen Polymer New Materials, Nanhai, Foshan;
- Aryl phosphate nucleating agent NA-11, purchased from Aidico;
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供一种聚丙烯复合材料及其制备方法和应用。本发明的聚丙烯材料,包括如下重量份计算的组分:88~95份聚丙烯,2~5份树脂纤维,1~3份玻璃纤维,2~5份相容剂,0.1~0.4份α成核剂,0~1份其它添加剂;其中,所述树脂纤维为聚酰胺纤维,所述聚酰胺纤维在聚丙烯复合材料中的保留长度≥0.4mm。本发明采用低流动聚丙烯,以及添加α成核剂提高材料的结晶度,形成稳定的α晶型,增加材料的拉伸强度、提高抗破坏的能力;还添加了玻璃纤维和树脂纤维进行增强,在这两种纤维的共同作用下,可以使聚丙烯同时具有较高的强度、韧性以及收缩率,物性可以与聚甲醛相当,且成本低。
Description
本发明涉及高分子复合材料技术领域,尤其是一种聚丙烯复合材料及其制备方法和应用。
聚甲醛(POM)又名缩醛树脂、聚氧化亚甲基,聚缩醛,是热塑性结晶性高分子聚合物,被誉为“超钢”或者“赛钢”。它是一种综合性能优良的工程塑料,具有高的力学性能,如强度、模量、耐磨性、韧性、耐疲劳性和抗蠕变性,还具有优良的电绝缘性、耐溶剂性和可加工性,在电子电器、汽车零部件、工业机械器件等方面有着广泛的应用。但是现有的聚甲醛树脂供不应求,价格昂贵,因此需要寻求一种成本低、且性能与聚甲醛相当的替代产品。
而聚丙烯(PP)和聚甲醛同属于五大通用工程塑料,且聚丙烯具有生产成品低、综合力学性能好、无毒、耐腐蚀、易于回收等优点,被广泛应用于化工、建筑、包装、汽车等领域。
因此,对聚丙烯进行改性,使其性能(包括强度、模量、韧性、收缩性能等)与聚甲醛相当,可以作为聚甲醛的替代品,降低成本。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,为了解决现有的聚甲醛供不应求,价格昂贵的问题,提供一种与聚甲醛性能相当的聚丙烯复合材料。本发明通过在聚丙烯基体中添加增强玻璃纤维和特定的树脂纤维,使得到的聚丙烯复合材料在强度、模量、韧性、收缩性能上与聚甲醛的性能相当。
本发明的另一目的在于,提供所述聚丙烯复合材料的制备方法。
本发明的另一目的在于,提供所述聚丙烯复合材料在制备电子电器、汽车零部件或工业机械器件中的应用。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种聚丙烯复合材料,包括按照如下重量份计算的组分:
其中,所述聚丙烯在230℃、2.16kg载荷下的熔体质量流动速率为≤11g/10min;
所述聚酰胺纤维在聚丙烯复合材料中的保留长度≥0.4mm。
本发明通过采用低流动聚丙烯,以及添加α成核剂提高材料的结晶度,形成稳定的α晶型,增加材料的拉伸强度、提高抗破坏的能力。本发明还添加了玻璃纤维进一步提高聚丙烯材料的拉伸强度,但是玻璃纤维含量的增加,还会导致材料的韧性降低,收缩率也会降低,无法达到聚甲醛的强度和收缩率。因此,本发明还加入了特定的树脂纤维与玻璃纤维共同作用,在少量的纤维添加量的情况下,可以同时提高聚丙烯的强度和韧性,而少量纤维的添加,还能够使聚丙烯保持较高的结晶度和与聚甲醛相当的收缩率。树脂纤维的加入,一方面,与聚丙烯的相容性较好,有利于保持甚至进一步提高聚丙烯的韧性;另一方面,具有一定长度的树脂纤维,在聚丙烯中均匀分散,呈现各向同性,与玻璃纤维共同提高聚丙烯的拉伸强度,且由于树脂纤维与玻纤相比具有很好的韧性变形性,因此对聚丙烯材料的收缩率影响很小,使材料在强度提升的同时,收缩率不会发生明显下降。
通过控制聚丙烯的熔体质量流动速率可以改善树脂纤维与PP的相容性,使树脂纤维表面与PP基材粘接力更强,发挥树脂纤维的增强效果。优选地,所述聚丙烯在230℃、2.16kg载荷下的熔体质量流动速率为0.25~10g/10min。进一步优选地,所述聚丙烯在230℃、2.16kg载荷下的熔体质量流动速率为0.3~0.4g/10min。然而,当聚丙烯的熔体质量流动速率太小时,得到的聚丙烯复合材料的力学强度较差。
优选地,所述聚酰胺纤维在聚丙烯复合材料中的保留长度为0.4~3.5mm。进一步优选地,所述聚酰胺纤维在聚丙烯复合材料中的保留长度为1.4~3mm。聚酰胺纤维的长度太短,无法起到共同增强的作用;聚酰胺纤维的长度太长,在
基体中分散不均匀,容易出现团聚,还容易延伸到复合材料表面,影响材料外观。
常规的聚酰胺树脂,均可制备成聚酰胺纤维用于本发明中。可选地,所述聚酰胺纤维中的聚酰胺树脂包括但不限于PA6、PA66或PA610中的至少一种。本发明研究发现,添加了PA6纤维进行改性的聚丙烯材料的性能更接近于聚甲醛,改性效果更好。
优选地,所述玻璃纤维的直径≤13μm,例如4~8um,8-10um,10~13um。在该直径范围内的玻璃纤维,在聚丙烯基体中具有很好的分散性。
常规的α成核剂均可用于本发明中,所述α成核剂包括但不限于芳基磷酸酯盐类成核剂。α成核剂相较于β成核剂更加稳定,使得到的聚丙烯的结晶性能也更加稳定。所述芳基磷酸酯盐类成核剂包括但不限于MP-6、NA-11(2,2'-亚甲基双(4,6-二叔丁基苯基)磷酸酯钠)、NA-21中的至少一种。
本发明中,其它添加剂为功能性添加剂,可根据需要选择添加或不添加。所述其它添加剂包括但不限于抗氧剂、光稳定剂或润滑剂中的至少一种。
可选地,所述抗氧剂为受阻酚类抗氧剂和/或亚磷酸酯类抗氧剂。
可选地,所述光稳定剂包括但不限于受阻胺类光稳定剂或苯并三唑类光稳定剂中的至少一种。
所述润滑剂为硬脂酸盐类润滑剂。
所述聚丙烯复合材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
按照所述配方,将聚丙烯、聚酰胺纤维、玻璃纤维、相容剂、α成核剂和其它添加剂混合后,在180~230℃下熔融挤出,即可得到所述聚丙烯复合材料。
优选地,所述混合在高速混合机中进行。
优选地,所述熔融挤出在双螺杆挤出机中进行,所述双螺杆挤出机的螺杆长径比为(48~56):1,螺杆转速为350~450rpm。
上述聚丙烯复合材料在制备电子电器、汽车零部件或工业机械器件中的应用也在本发明的保护范围之内。具体地,所述聚丙烯复合材料用于制备汽车门板、保险杠支架、汽车立柱、进气管、气管阀门、抽屉滑轨等。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明采用低流动聚丙烯,以及添加α成核剂提高材料的结晶度,形成稳定的α晶型,增加材料的拉伸强度、提高抗破坏的能力;还添加了玻璃纤维和树脂
纤维进行增强,在这两种纤维的共同作用下,可以使聚丙烯同时具有较高的强度、韧性以及收缩率,物性可以与聚甲醛相当,且成本低。
本发明的聚丙烯复合材料的拉伸强度可保持在50~57MPa,冲击强度保持在4.2~5.9MPa,成型收缩率保持在0.17~0.20%,与聚甲醛的性能相当。
为更好的说明本发明的目的、技术方案和优点,下面将结合具体实施例来进一步说明本发明,但实施例并不对本发明做任何形式的限定。除非特别说明,本发明采用的试剂、方法和设备为本技术领域常规试剂、方法和设备。除非特别说明,本发明所用试剂和材料均为市购。
本发明的实施例中选用如下原料:
聚丙烯:
PP-1:PPB8101,在230℃、2.16kg载荷下,熔体质量流动速率为0.3g/10min,购自燕山石化;
PP-2:PPB-1801,在230℃、2.16kg载荷下,熔体质量流动速率为0.4g/10min,购自燕山石化;
PP-3:K9010,在230℃、2.16kg载荷下,熔体质量流动速率为10g/10min,购自台化;
PP-4:PPR-4220S,在230℃、2.16kg载荷下,熔体质量流动速率为0.25g/10min,购自燕山石化;
PP-5:PPH-MM20-S,在230℃、2.16kg载荷下,熔体质量流动速率为22g/10min,购自中石化;
聚丙烯的熔体质量流动速率按照标准《ISO 1133-2-2011》中的方法进行测试。
树脂纤维:
PA6纤维:840D-96F,购自深圳特力新材料;
PA66纤维:15D-3MM,购自深圳特力新材料;
聚酯纤维:FX105,购自GRANITE;
碳纤维:ST600,购自广州森特新材料;
玻璃纤维:
玻纤-1:E7CS10-03-508A,纤维的直径为10μm,购自中国聚石玻纤;
玻纤-2:249AF-10C4MM,纤维的直径为10μm,购自欧文斯科宁;
马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(MAH-g-PP):PC-1,购自佛山南海柏晨高分子新材料;
芳基磷酸酯盐类成核剂,NA-11,购自艾迪科;
其它添加剂:
抗氧剂1010:市售;
抗氧剂168:市售;
润滑剂:硬脂酸钙,市售;
需要说明的是,在本发明中,上述其它添加剂(如抗氧剂和润滑剂)在平行试验中为同一种物质。
实施例1~12
本发明的实施例提供一系列聚丙烯复合材料,按照包括如下步骤的制备方法制备得到:
按照表1~2中的配方,将聚丙烯、树脂纤维、玻璃纤维、相容剂、α成核剂和其它添加剂加入到高速混合机中,混合均匀后,送入双螺杆挤出机(螺杆长径比为48:1)中,螺杆转速为350~450rpm,在180~230℃下熔融挤出(其中,双螺杆挤出机中从机头到出料口的各区的温度分别为:从喂料段到机头十个区的温度依次为180℃、190℃、200℃、210℃、210℃、210℃、210℃、210℃、220℃、230℃,即可得到所述聚丙烯复合材料。
表1实施例1~4的聚丙烯复合材料的原料配方(重量份)
表2实施例5~12的聚丙烯复合材料的原料配方(重量份)
对于本发明中的树脂纤维在复合材料中的保留长度,需要说明的是,购买的树脂纤维原本为长纤维,需要在使用时切割成预定的长度,然后再加入到复合材料中,但是在加工过程中,纤维长度会在双螺杆挤出机的螺杆剪切下有所降低,因此,本发明中,树脂纤维在复合材料中的保留长度是将产品置于显微镜下进行观察,计算得到的平均保留长度。
对比例1
本对比例提供一种聚丙烯复合材料,按照实施例1的制备方法制备得到,与实施例1的不同之处在于,将聚丙烯替换为熔体质量流动速率较大的PP-5。
对比例2
本对比例提供一种聚丙烯复合材料,按照实施例1的制备方法制备得到,与实施例1的不同之处在于,将3份玻璃纤维替换为3份聚酰胺纤维PA6,其它原料不变,即仅添加了聚酰胺纤维,未添加玻璃纤维。
对比例3
本对比例提供一种聚丙烯复合材料,按照实施例1的制备方法制备得到,
与实施例1的不同之处在于,将4份聚酰胺纤维PA6替换为4份玻璃纤维-1,其它原料不变,即仅添加了玻璃纤维,未添加树脂纤维。
对比例4
本对比例提供一种聚丙烯复合材料,按照实施例1的制备方法制备得到,与实施例1的不同之处在于,将聚酰胺纤维PA6等量替换为聚酯纤维。
对比例5
本对比例提供一种聚丙烯复合材料,按照实施例1的制备方法制备得到,与实施例1的不同之处在于,将聚酰胺纤维PA6等量替换为碳纤维。
对比例6
本对比例提供一种聚丙烯复合材料,按照实施例1的制备方法制备得到,与实施例1的不同之处在于,树脂纤维在复合材料中的保留长度为0.3mm。
对比例7
本对比例提供一种聚丙烯复合材料,按照实施例1的制备方法制备得到,与实施例1的不同之处在于,将α成核剂替换为β成核剂(TMB-5,购自山西省化工研究所)。
对比例8
本对比例提供一种聚丙烯复合材料,按照实施例1的制备方法制备得到,与实施例1的不同之处在于,将PA6纤维替换为PA6树脂(PA6 VOLGAMID28,购自古比雪夫)。
性能测试
对上述实施例和对比例得到的聚丙烯复合材料以及聚甲醛(M90-44,购自宝理塑料)的性能进行表征,将具体测试项目及测试方法和结果如下:
1.拉伸强度(MPa):将上述复合材料注塑成拉伸样条(IB型),参照标准《ISO527-1-2010》中的方法进行测试,在室温下(25℃)以50mm/min的速度进拉伸,测试结果详见表3;
2.弯曲性能:将上述复合材料注塑成冲击样条,参照标准《ISO178-2011》中的方法进行测试弯曲模量(MPa),测试结果详见表3;
3.韧性:将上述复合材料注塑成冲击样条,参照标准《ISO179-2010》中的方法进行测试,样条缺口类型为A型,采用Zwick HIT5.5P电子显示冲击仪测试复合材料的缺口冲击强度(kJ/m2),测试结果详见表3;
4.成型收缩率:将上述复合材料使用80*220*2mm的方板模具中注塑成型后,在23℃、50%相对湿度条件下静置成型48h后,测量成型后方板的尺寸与模具尺寸的差别,并计算成型收缩率(%),本发明中的成型收缩率为横向收缩率和纵向收缩率的平均值,其中,横向收缩率按照如下公式计算得到:横向收缩率(%)=∣at-a0∣/a0*100%,其中,at为成型后的长度,a0为模具的长度;纵向收缩率为宽度方向上的收缩率,其计算公式与横向收缩率的计算公式类似。
测试结果详见表3。
表3性能测试结果
从上述结果可以看出:
本发明的各实施例制备得到的聚丙烯复合材料的物理性能与聚甲醛相当,可在相关应用领域上作为聚甲醛的替代品,降低生产成本。
实施例1~4的结果表明,在本发明的上述用量范围内,得到的聚丙烯复合材料的力学性能与成型收缩率与聚甲醛更为接近。
实施例1、5~6、实施例12、对比例1的结果表明,通过控制聚丙烯的熔体质量流动速率可以提高聚丙烯分子链在树脂纤维周边的浸润效果、提高树脂纤维与PP分子的粘附效果,使树脂纤维表面与PP基材粘接力更强,发挥树脂纤维的增强效果。如聚丙烯的流动速率太大(如对比例1),相同体积的聚丙烯在填料中的填充饱和度更高,进而导致得到的聚丙烯复合材料产品的收缩率显著降低,与聚甲醛的收缩率具有较大差异,无法代替聚甲醛应用到产品中去。
实施例1、实施例7~9、对比例6的结果表明,随着树脂纤维的(在树脂基体中的)保留长度的增加,制备得到的聚丙烯复合材料的力学强度(如拉伸强度)呈现先上升后下降的趋势。聚酰胺纤维的长度太短(如对比例6),无法起到共同增强的作用;聚酰胺纤维的长度太长,在基体中分散逐渐变差,容易出现团聚,导致制备得到的聚丙烯复合材料的强度呈现下降趋势;还容易延伸到复合材料表面,影响材料外观。
实施例1、实施例10~11的结果表明,在本发明的合适的聚酰胺纤维以及玻璃纤维的选择范围内,能够得到性能与聚甲醛相近的聚丙烯复合材料;尤其是使用PA6纤维得到的聚丙烯材料的性能更接近于聚甲醛,改性效果更好。
对比例2~7、实施例1的结果表明,聚酰胺树脂纤维可以与玻璃纤维共同增强聚丙烯的力学强度和具有合适的成型收缩率,如将聚酰胺纤维替换为其它种类的树脂纤维、仅添加或不添加聚酰胺纤维,得到的聚丙烯复合材料的力学强度及成型收缩率均无法同时达到与聚甲醛树脂相当的水平。
最后所应当说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对本发明保护范围的限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明作了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。
Claims (10)
- 一种聚丙烯复合材料,其特征在于,包括按照如下重量份计算的组分:
其中,所述聚丙烯在230℃、2.16kg载荷下的熔体质量流动速率为≤11g/10min;所述聚酰胺纤维在聚丙烯复合材料中的保留长度≥0.4mm。 - 如权利要求1所述的聚丙烯复合材料,其特征在于,所述聚丙烯在230℃、2.16kg载荷下的熔体质量流动速率为0.3~0.4g/10min。
- 如权利要求1所述的聚丙烯复合材料,其特征在于,所述聚酰胺纤维在聚丙烯复合材料中的保留长度为1.4~3mm。
- 如权利要求1所述的聚丙烯复合材料,其特征在于,所述聚酰胺纤维中的聚酰胺为PA6、PA66或PA610中的至少一种。
- 如权利要求1所述的聚丙烯复合材料,其特征在于,所述玻璃纤维的直径≤13μm。
- 如权利要求1所述的聚丙烯复合材料,其特征在于,所述α成核剂为芳基磷酸酯盐类成核剂。
- 如权利要求1所述的聚丙烯复合材料,其特征在于,所述相容剂为马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯。
- 如权利要求1所述的聚丙烯复合材料,其特征在于,所述其他添加剂包括抗氧剂、光稳定剂或润滑剂中的至少一种。
- 权利要求1~8任一项所述的聚丙烯复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于, 包括如下步骤:按照所述配方将聚丙烯、聚酰胺纤维、玻璃纤维、相容剂、α成核剂和其它添加剂混合后,在180~230℃下熔融挤出,即可得到所述聚丙烯复合材料。
- 权利要求1~8任一项所述的聚丙烯复合材料在制备电子电器、汽车零部件或工业机械器件中的应用。
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