WO2023073826A1

WO2023073826A1 - Working medium for refrigerant compression-type refrigeration cycle devices, and refrigeration cycle device using said working medium

Info

Publication number: WO2023073826A1
Application number: PCT/JP2021/039624
Authority: WO
Inventors: 清重横井; 親哉河村
Original assignee: 友光商事株式会社
Priority date: 2021-10-27
Filing date: 2021-10-27
Publication date: 2023-05-04
Also published as: JPWO2023074686A1; WO2023074686A1; KR20240076830A

Abstract

[Problem] To provide a working medium for refrigerant compression-type refrigeration cycle devices, which comprises a refrigerant comprising a hydrocarbon and a refrigerator oil, in which the refrigerator oil achieves at least one of high stability, proper compatibility with a refrigerant, high lubricity and high electrical insulation properties. [Solution] Provided is a working medium for refrigerant compression-type refrigeration cycle devices, the working medium comprising a refrigerant comprising a hydrocarbon having 2 to 4 carbon atoms and containing no halogen atom and a refrigerator oil comprising a polyalkylene glycol and an mineral oil, wherein the polyalkylene glycol is represented by general formula (1) and has a kinematic viscosity of 2 mm²/s to 60 mm²/s inclusive at 40°C, the mineral oil has an aniline point of 55°C to 105°C inclusive, a pour point of -15°C or lower, and a kinematic viscosity of 2 mm²/s to 70 mm²/s inclusive at 40°C, the polyalkylene glycol is contained in an amount of 10% by mass to 60% by mass inclusive relative to the whole mass of the refrigerator oil, and the mineral oil is contained in an amount of 40% by mass to 90% by mass inclusive relative to the whole mass of the refrigerator oil.

Description

Working medium for refrigerant compression type refrigerating cycle device and refrigerating cycle device using the working medium

The present invention relates to a working medium for a refrigerant compression refrigeration cycle device and a refrigeration cycle device using the working medium. Specifically, the present invention relates to a working medium containing a refrigerant and refrigerating machine oil, and a refrigeration cycle apparatus using the same, which is used in a refrigerant compression refrigeration cycle apparatus.

Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), which are hydrocarbons containing fluorine atoms, are used as refrigerants in refrigeration cycle devices that use compressed refrigerants, such as air conditioners, electric refrigerators, industrial refrigerators, refrigerators, and freezer warehouses. . However, since HFCs have a long life in the atmosphere and have a large greenhouse effect, they are not satisfactory refrigerants for preventing global warming, and their use is being restricted.

Instead of the above HFCs, hydrocarbons containing no halogen atoms (hereinafter simply “hydrocarbon refrigerants”), which are highly flammable but have zero ozone depletion potential and a much lower global warming potential than HFCs is also called) as a refrigerant for a refrigeration cycle device. For example, an electric refrigerator using isobutane (R600a), which is a hydrocarbon containing no halogen atoms, as a refrigerant has been put to practical use. Furthermore, the development of large equipment using hydrocarbons containing no halogen atoms as refrigerants is being studied, and propane (R290) is being put into practical use for air conditioners. Mineral oils, alkylbenzenes, polyol esters, polyethers, and the like are known as refrigerating machine oils used as working medium components together with hydrocarbon refrigerants when these hydrocarbon refrigerants are used. (For example, Patent Documents 1 to 5).

International Publication No. 2000-60031 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-041278 Japanese Patent No. 3664511 Japanese Patent No. 5086782 Japanese Patent No. 4603117

The mineral oil, alkylbenzene or polyol ester-containing refrigerating machine oil proposed in Patent Documents 1 to 3 above has good compatibility with hydrocarbon refrigerants such as propane and isobutane, and the amount of refrigerant dissolved in the refrigerating machine oil increases. Therefore, in order for the refrigerating cycle device to exhibit sufficient performance, it is necessary to fill the refrigerating cycle device with a large amount of hydrocarbon refrigerant. However, since hydrocarbons such as propane and isobutane are highly flammable, it is desired from a safety point of view that the amount of hydrocarbon refrigerant is as small as possible within the range in which the operating efficiency is sufficiently exhibited. In addition, the smaller the amount of hydrocarbon refrigerant dissolved in the refrigerating machine oil, the less fluctuations between the dissolution and evaporation of the hydrocarbon refrigerant in the refrigerating machine oil caused by changes in operating conditions, and the less change in the viscosity of the working medium, which is preferable. In addition, when the amount of hydrocarbon refrigerant dissolved in the refrigerating machine oil is small, a refrigerating machine oil with a lower viscosity can be selected, so that the efficiency of the refrigerating cycle device can be improved, leading to energy saving.

The refrigerating machine oil containing the polyol ester and polyalkylene glycol proposed in Patent Document 4 has high hygroscopicity because both the polyol ester and the polyalkylene glycol have high polarity. In this case, there is concern that the water content in the refrigerating machine oil will increase, the hydrolysis of the polyol ester will proceed, and the refrigerating machine oil will deteriorate. Refrigerating machine oil is used for a long period of time in a refrigerating cycle device in coexistence with a refrigerant, and is exposed to low and high temperatures, so high stability is required. If such highly hygroscopic refrigerating machine oil is used in a refrigerating cycle device, problems may occur due to an increase in water content in the refrigerating cycle device, deterioration of the refrigerating machine oil, and the like. In addition, since refrigerating machine oil containing polyol ester and polyalkylene glycol has low electrical insulating properties indicated by volume resistivity, there is a problem that leakage current is likely to occur in a refrigerating cycle device.

Patent Document 5 discloses a refrigerating machine oil containing a polyether compound and mineral oil. In Patent Document 5, it is only specified that the polyether compound is polyalkylene glycol or polyvinyl ether, and that the mineral oil has a specific sulfur content in order to improve lubricity. . Therefore, the refrigerating machine oil disclosed in Patent Document 5 includes a very wide range of refrigerating machine oils. Here, the refrigerator oil disclosed in Patent Document 5 uses an ammonia refrigerant as a refrigerant. That is, the refrigerating machine oil disclosed in Patent Document 5 is a large open-type refrigerating machine that uses an ammonia refrigerant, that is, a non-circulating type in which the refrigerant and refrigerating machine oil are not mixed and circulated in the refrigerating cycle. Refrigerating machine oil suitable for the system.

In contrast to the non-circulating system, a compact closed-type circulating system is known in which a motor is built into the compressor and a mixture of hydrocarbon refrigerant and refrigerating machine oil is mixed and circulated through the refrigeration cycle. In this circulatory system, since the motor is built in, the refrigerating machine oil is required to have high electrical insulation. Since the ammonia refrigerant used in Patent Document 5 has a large polarity and current leaks, it cannot be used in a circulation system. In addition, in a circulating system, the medium is required to be a uniform liquid even at a low temperature because the medium is cooled to a low temperature (eg, −25° C.). Therefore, a hydrocarbon refrigerant that is liquid even at low temperatures is preferably used as the refrigerant. The refrigerating machine oil is required to uniformly dissolve with the hydrocarbon refrigerant even at low temperatures. For example, in the refrigerator oil disclosed in Patent Document 5, polyether compounds (especially polyalkylene glycol) have polarity, and mineral oil is non-polar. In this case, due to the difference in polarity, the polyether compound is difficult to dissolve in mineral oil and hydrocarbon refrigerants at low temperatures (eg, -25° C.) and separates or precipitates at low temperatures. As described above, the ammonia refrigerant and refrigerating machine oil disclosed in Patent Document 5 are not suitable for circulation systems.

As described above, there is still room for improvement in terms of characteristics as a refrigerating machine oil, that is, stability, appropriate compatibility with hydrocarbon refrigerants, electrical insulation, etc.

An object of the present invention is to provide a working medium for a refrigerant compression refrigeration cycle device containing a hydrocarbon refrigerant and refrigerating machine oil, wherein the refrigerating machine oil has high stability, appropriate solubility with the refrigerant, high lubricity, and high electrical insulation. It is an object of the present invention to provide a working medium for a refrigerant compression refrigeration cycle device that achieves at least one of the following properties.

According to the present invention, a refrigerant containing a hydrocarbon containing no halogen atoms having 2 to 4 carbon atoms and a refrigerating machine oil containing a polyalkylene glycol and a mineral oil are included, and the polyalkylene glycol is represented by the following general formula (1) :

[In the formula (1), R ¹ is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms, OR ² is the same or different and represents an oxyalkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and n is It represents the number of added moles of the oxyalkylene group represented by ^OR2 . ]
and the kinematic viscosity at 40° C. is 2 mm ² /s or more and 60 mm ² /s or less, the mineral oil has an aniline point of 55° C. or more and 105° C. or less, a pour point of −15° C. or less, and 40 The kinematic viscosity at ° C. is 2 mm ² /s or more and 70 mm ² /s or less, the polyalkylene glycol is contained in an amount of 10% by mass or more and 60% by mass or less with respect to the total mass of the refrigerating machine oil, and the mineral oil is A working medium for a refrigerant compression refrigeration cycle device is provided, which is contained in an amount of 40% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less with respect to the total mass of the refrigerating machine oil.

According to the present invention, in a working medium for a refrigerant compression refrigeration cycle device containing a refrigerant containing a hydrocarbon and refrigerating machine oil, the refrigerating machine oil has high stability, appropriate solubility with the refrigerant, high lubricity, and high A working medium for a refrigerant compression refrigeration cycle device is provided that achieves at least one of electrical insulation.

The refrigerating machine oil and working medium of the present invention will be described in detail below. In this specification, unless otherwise specified, operations and measurements of physical properties are performed under conditions of room temperature (20 to 25° C.)/relative humidity of 40 to 50 RH.

A working medium for a refrigerant compression refrigeration cycle device according to the present invention (hereinafter simply referred to as "working medium") comprises a refrigerant containing a hydrocarbon containing no halogen atoms having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, a specific polyalkylene glycol and Refrigerant oil, including certain mineral oils. In addition, the working medium according to the present invention preferably has a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of 1 mm ² /s or more and 32 mm ² /s or less, more preferably 3 mm ² /s or more and 30 mm ² /s or less. ² /s or more and 25 mm ² /s or less is more preferable. In this specification, kinematic viscosity is measured by the method described in Examples.

First, the refrigerant contained in the working medium of the present invention will be explained. The refrigerant contains hydrocarbons containing no halogen atoms and having 2 to 4 carbon atoms (hereinafter also simply referred to as “hydrocarbons”). Examples of hydrocarbons containing no halogen atoms having 2 to 4 carbon atoms include saturated hydrocarbons such as ethane (R170), propane (R290), normal butane (R600) and isobutane (R600a), and unsaturated hydrocarbons such as ethylene and propene. can be mentioned. Among these, it is preferable to contain at least one selected from saturated hydrocarbons, that is, at least one selected from the group consisting of ethane, propane, normal butane and isobutane. As the working medium, a combination of propane, ethane, or a mixed refrigerant thereof and a refrigerating machine oil containing a specific polyalkylene glycol and a specific mineral oil is more preferable because the effect of the present invention is high. As the hydrocarbon, one type of hydrocarbon may be used alone, or two or more types of hydrocarbon may be used in combination.

In preferred embodiments, the hydrocarbon comprises propane (R290). In this case, the refrigerant is, in addition to propane, saturated hydrocarbons such as ethane, n-butane (normal butane) (R600) and isobutane (R600a); unsaturated hydrocarbons such as ethylene and propene; may further contain hydrocarbons. When the propane-containing hydrocarbon further contains other hydrocarbons than propane, the main component of the hydrocarbon is preferably propane. In addition, in this invention, a "main component" means a component exceeding 50 mass % (upper limit 100 mass %) with respect to the total mass of hydrocarbons.

In addition, the working medium of the present invention may further contain other refrigerants such as saturated hydrofluorocarbons, unsaturated hydrofluorocarbons, dimethyl ether, and carbon dioxide as refrigerants. In this case, the other refrigerant is preferably 1 to 100 parts by mass, more preferably 5 to 50 parts by mass, and even more preferably 10 to 30 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the hydrocarbon. .

The refrigerator oil of the present invention contains a specific polyalkylene glycol and a specific mineral oil. In one embodiment, the refrigerating machine oil is based on a mixed oil containing a specific polyalkylene glycol and a specific mineral oil. The base oil of the refrigerating machine oil refers to a component containing more than 50% by mass (upper limit 100% by mass) relative to the total mass of the refrigerating machine oil, preferably a component containing 80% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass. It is a component contained in mass % or more. Polyalkylene glycol can be used alone as a refrigerating machine oil, but it is highly hygroscopic due to its polarity. Therefore, when polyalkylene glycol is used alone as a refrigerating machine oil, the water content in the refrigerating machine oil increases, and the water may cause troubles in the refrigerating cycle apparatus. In addition, since polyalkylene glycol has low electrical insulation, that is, low volume resistivity, current leakage is likely to occur in air conditioners, electric refrigerators, industrial refrigerators, etc. that use hermetic compressors. On the other hand, however, polyalkylene glycol has the advantage of being less soluble in refrigerants containing hydrocarbons due to its polarity.

Mineral oil has low hygroscopicity and high electrical insulation, but since it is a component composed of the same hydrocarbons as the hydrocarbons contained in the refrigerant, it dissolves in a large amount in refrigerants containing hydrocarbons. Therefore, when mineral oil is used alone as a refrigerating machine oil, there is a disadvantage that the viscosity of the refrigerating machine oil decreases in the refrigerating cycle device, resulting in a decrease in lubricity, ie wear resistance.

Therefore, by mixing both polyalkylene glycol and mineral oil, it is possible to make up for the shortcomings and obtain a refrigerating machine oil with well-balanced characteristics. However, the polar polyalkylene glycol and the non-polar mineral oil are difficult to dissolve, and are considered to separate into two layers. If these polyalkylene glycols and mineral oil are separated into two layers, they cannot be used as refrigerating machine oil. Therefore, as a result of intensive studies, it was found that by containing a specific polyalkylene glycol and a specific mineral oil in a specific mass ratio as a refrigerating machine oil, the refrigerating machine oil becomes a uniform liquid and exhibits suitable characteristics as a refrigerating machine oil. The discovery led to the completion of the present invention.

The specific polyalkylene glycol of the present invention is represented by the following general formula (1).

[where R ¹ is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms, OR ² represents one or more oxyalkylene groups having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and n is OR ² ; It represents the number of added moles of the represented oxyalkylene group. ]
In formula (1) above, R ¹ represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms. The linear or branched alkyl group is preferably a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and 1 to 10 carbon atoms. A straight or branched alkyl group of 8 is more preferred, a straight or branched alkyl group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms is particularly preferred, and a straight or branched alkyl group of 3 to 5 carbon atoms is most preferred. Used. Linear or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 25 carbon atoms include, for example, methyl group, ethyl group, linear or branched propyl group (n-propyl group, isopropyl group), linear or branched Butyl group (n-butyl group, isobutyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group), linear or branched pentyl group (n-pentyl group, isopentyl group, sec-pentyl group, 3-pentyl group , tert-pentyl group, neopentyl group) and the like. R ¹ is preferably an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, or a tert-butyl group in terms of the balance between the solubility in a refrigerant containing a hydrocarbon and the properties as a refrigerating machine oil, and a linear or branched chain having 4 carbon atoms. A butyl group (n-butyl group, tert-butyl group) is more preferred. When R ¹ in the polyalkylene glycol is a short-chain alkyl group, the low-temperature fluidity is excellent.

In the above general formula (1), OR ² are the same or different and represent an oxyalkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms. That is, R ² represents an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms. Here, OR ² may be one type of oxyalkylene group, or may be composed of two or more types of oxyalkylene groups. Specific examples of such oxyalkylene groups include an oxyethylene group (-OCH ₂ CH ₂ -), an oxypropylene group (-OCH(CH ₃ )CH ₂ -), an oxytrimethylene group (-OCH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ —), an oxybutylene group (—OCH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ —), and the like. Among these oxyalkylene groups, an oxyethylene group and an oxypropylene group are preferred, and an oxypropylene group is more preferred. At this time, the oxyalkylene groups (OR ² ) in the repeating unit represented by (OR ² ) _n may be the same oxyalkylene group or different oxyalkylene groups. The upper limit of the ratio of oxypropylene groups to the entire OR ² in the polyalkylene glycol is not particularly limited, but it is most preferable that all OR ² in the polyalkylene glycol is composed of oxypropylene, so the upper limit is 100 mol%. be. For example, when OR ² is composed of oxyethylene groups and oxypropylene groups, the proportion of oxypropylene groups is 70 mol% with respect to the entirety of OR ² (that is, the total number of added moles of oxyethylene groups and oxypropylene groups). It is preferably 80 mol % or more, more preferably 80 mol % or more. In this case, the ratio of oxyethylene groups (R ² has 2 carbon atoms) to the entire OR ² is 30 mol % or less in terms of the characteristics as a refrigerating machine oil, that is, in order to reduce the hygroscopicity of the refrigerating machine oil. is preferred, and 20 mol % or less is more preferred.

In one embodiment of the polyalkylene glycol, R ¹ in general formula (1) is a C4 alkyl group and OR ² is an oxypropylene group. As a result, the low-temperature fluidity and hygroscopicity of the refrigerating machine oil can be further improved.

In the above general formula (1), n represents the number of added moles (degree of polymerization) of the oxyalkylene group represented by OR ² . The number average molecular weight of the polyalkylene glycol represented by the general formula (1) is preferably 100 to 1500, more preferably 200 to 1200, even more preferably 300 to 1000, and 350 to 850. is particularly preferred, and 350-700 is most preferred. n is preferably a number such that the number average molecular weight of the polyalkylene glycol satisfies the above conditions. When the number average molecular weight of the polyalkylene glycol is within the above range, the compatibility with mineral oil is also good, and the lubricity of the refrigerating machine oil can be sufficiently exhibited in the coexistence with the hydrocarbon-containing refrigerant. In this specification, the number average molecular weight is measured by GPC (gel permeation chromatography) using polystyrene as a standard substance. The added mole number n in formula (1) can be calculated based on the number average molecular weight obtained by measurement.

In the present invention, the polyalkylene glycol has a kinematic viscosity of 2 mm ² /s or more and 60 mm ² /s or less at 40°C. When the kinematic viscosity of polyalkylene glycol at 40° C. is less than 2 mm ² /s, the oil film formed by polyalkylene glycol becomes thin. In other words, metal-to-metal contact is likely to occur in the sliding material (sliding portion) of the compressor, which is the heart of the refrigerating cycle device, and the lubricity of the refrigerating machine oil becomes insufficient when coexisting with the refrigerant. If the kinematic viscosity of the polyalkylene glycol at 40° C. exceeds 60 mm ² /s, the viscous resistance of the refrigerating machine oil becomes too high and the efficiency of the refrigerating cycle device decreases. The kinematic viscosity of the polyalkylene glycol at 40° C. is preferably 5 mm ² /s or more and 55 mm ² /s or less, more preferably 8 mm ² /s or more and 50 mm ² /s or less, still more preferably 9 mm ² /s or more. It is 45 mm ² /s or less, particularly preferably 10 mm ² /s or more and 40 mm ² /s or less, and most preferably 10 mm ² /s or more and 35 mm ² /s or less. When the kinematic viscosity at 40°C of the polyalkylene glycol is within the above range, it is possible to exhibit good lubricity as a refrigerating machine oil.

In the present invention, the kinematic viscosity of the polyalkylene glycol at 100° C. is preferably 0.1 mm ² /s or more, more preferably 0.25 mm ² /s or more, and more preferably 0.3 mm ² /s. It is particularly preferably 0.4 mm ² /s or more, particularly preferably 0.4 mm 2 /s or more, and most preferably 0.5 mm ² /s or more. The kinematic viscosity of the polyalkylene glycol at 100° C. is preferably 15 mm ² /s or less, more preferably 10 mm ² /s or less, particularly preferably 5 mm ² /s or less, and 3 mm ² /s. It is particularly more preferred that it is less than 2.9 mm 2 /s, most preferably 2.9 mm ² /s or less. That is, the kinematic viscosity of the polyalkylene glycol at 100° C. is preferably 0.1 mm ² /s or more and 15 mm ² /s or less, more preferably 0.25 mm ² /s or more and 10 mm ² /s or less, It is particularly preferably 0.3 mm ² /s or more and 5 mm ² /s or less, particularly more preferably 0.4 mm ² /s or more and less than 3 mm ² /s, and 0.5 mm ² /s or more and 2.9 mm ² /s or less is most preferred. In one embodiment, the kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of the polyalkylene glycol is 0.1 mm ² /s or more and less than 3 ^mm 2 /s, and 0.1 mm ² /s or more and 2.9 mm ² /s or less. If the kinematic viscosity of the polyalkylene glycol at 100° C. is 0.1 mm ² /s or more, the oil film formed by the polyalkylene glycol is formed with a sufficient thickness, and the lubricating properties of the refrigerating machine oil can be sufficiently exhibited. When the kinematic viscosity of the polyalkylene glycol at 100° C. is 15 mm ² /s or less, the viscosity of the refrigerating machine oil is low, so the efficiency of the refrigerating cycle device can be further improved.

In the present invention, the polyalkylene glycol has a kinematic viscosity of 2 mm ² /s or more and 60 mm ² /s or less at 40° C. and a kinematic viscosity of 0.1 mm ² /s or more and 15 mm ² /s or less at 100° C. is preferred. The polyalkylene glycol more preferably has a kinematic viscosity of 2 mm ² /s or more and 60 mm ² /s or less at 40° C. and a kinematic viscosity of 0.4 mm ² /s or more and less than 3 mm ² /s at 100° C., and further Preferably, the kinematic viscosity at 40°C is 2 mm ² /s or more and 60 mm ² /s or less, and the kinematic viscosity at 100°C is 0.5 mm ² /s or more and 2.9 mm ² /s or less.

The polyalkylene glycol preferably has a pour point of -25°C or lower, more preferably -30°C or lower, and even more preferably -40°C or lower. When the pour point of the polyalkylene glycol is −25° C. or lower, the fluidity of the refrigerating machine oil containing the polyalkylene glycol and the mineral oil is increased, and the polyalkylene glycol according to the present invention can be suitably used as a refrigerating machine oil. It can be synthesized using a known method ("Alkylene Oxide Polymer", Mitsuta Shibata et al., Kaibundo Publishing, November 20, 1990). For example, it can be obtained by addition polymerization of one or more predetermined alkylene oxides to an alcohol (R ¹ OH; R ¹ has the same definition as R ¹ in the general formula (1)). When two or more different alkylene oxides are used in the above production process, the resulting polyalkylene glycol may be either a random copolymer or a block copolymer.

Polyalkylene glycols represented by the general formula (1) include, for example, polypropylene glycol monomethyl ether, polypropylene glycol monoethyl ether, polypropylene glycol monopropyl ether (polypropylene glycol mono-n-propyl ether, polypropylene glycol monoisopropyl ether), polypropylene Glycol monobutyl ether (polypropylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether), polypropylene glycol mono-tert-butyl ether, polypropylene glycol monohexyl ether (polypropylene glycol mono-n-hexyl ether), polypropylene glycol mono-octyl ether (polypropylene glycol mono-n-octyl ether); polyethylene Monomethyl ether of glycol-polypropylene glycol copolymer (polyethylene glycol polypropylene glycol monomethyl ether), monoethyl ether of polyethylene glycol-polypropylene glycol copolymer (polyethylene glycol polypropylene glycol monoethyl ether), polyethylene glycol-polypropylene glycol copolymer Mono n-propyl ether (polyethylene glycol polypropylene glycol mono n-propyl ether), mono isopropyl ether of polyethylene glycol/polypropylene glycol copolymer (polyethylene glycol polypropylene glycol mono isopropyl ether), mono n of polyethylene glycol/polypropylene glycol copolymer -Butyl ether (polyethylene glycol polypropylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether), mono tert-butyl ether of polyethylene glycol/polypropylene glycol copolymer (polyethylene glycol polypropylene glycol mono tert-butyl ether), monohexyl ether of polyethylene glycol/polypropylene glycol copolymer ( polyethylene glycol polypropylene glycol mono-n-hexyl ether), mono-octyl ether of polyethylene glycol/polypropylene glycol copolymer (polyethylene glycol polypropylene glycol mono-n-octyl ether);　　　

Among these polyalkylene glycols, polypropylene glycol monoalkyl ethers such as polypropylene glycol monomethyl ether, polypropylene glycol monoethyl ether, polypropylene glycol monopropyl ether, and polypropylene glycol monobutyl ether, which have high electrical insulation, are preferred and have higher electrical insulation. , polypropylene glycol mono-n-propyl ether, polypropylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether, polypropylene glycol mono-tert-butyl ether, polypropylene glycol monohexyl ether, polypropylene glycol mono-octyl ether and the like, which have low hygroscopicity, are more preferred.

Since one end of the polyalkylene glycol of the present invention is a hydroxyl group with high polarity, it has a low affinity with non-polar hydrocarbons contained in the refrigerant, and it is thought that the amount dissolved in the refrigerant can be reduced. . Therefore, the filling amount of refrigerant in the working medium can be reduced. In addition, since the hydroxyl group has a large adsorption force to metal materials, polyalkylene glycol easily forms an oil film on the sliding material of the compressor, which is the heart of the refrigeration cycle device, and has good lubricity (wear resistance). show. From this, it is presumed that the use of the specific polyalkylene glycol in the present invention makes it possible to reduce the viscosity of the refrigerating machine oil, leading to higher efficiency of the refrigerating cycle apparatus. However, it has the disadvantages of high hygroscopicity and low electrical insulation. It should be noted that the present invention is in no way limited by the above reasoning.

The mineral oil used in the present invention has an aniline point of 55°C or higher and 105°C or lower, a pour point of -15°C or lower, and a kinematic viscosity at 40°C of 2 mm ² /s or higher and 70 mm ² /s or lower. In the present invention, mineral oil is soluble with polyalkylene glycol, and the aniline point of mineral oil is a measure of solubility with polyalkylene glycol. If the aniline point of the mineral oil is less than 55°C, the viscosity characteristics such as the viscosity index as a refrigerating machine oil become insufficient, and good performance as a refrigerating machine oil (for example, formation of a sufficiently thick oil film at high temperatures) cannot be exhibited. When the aniline point of the mineral oil exceeds 105°C, the mineral oil and the polyalkylene glycol become difficult to dissolve, tend to separate into two layers, and cannot maintain stability as a refrigerating machine oil. The aniline point of the mineral oil is preferably 65°C or higher and 100°C or lower, more preferably 75°C or higher and 95°C or lower. When the aniline point of the mineral oil is within the above range, the compatibility between the mineral oil and the polyalkylene glycol is good, and the advantages of each component as a refrigerating machine oil can be further exhibited.

The mineral oil used in the present invention has a pour point of -15°C or lower. If the pour point of the mineral oil is −15° C. or higher, the fluidity of the refrigerating machine oil containing polyalkylene glycol and mineral oil is low, resulting in good performance as a refrigerating machine oil (for example, formation of a sufficiently thick oil film at high temperatures). cannot demonstrate The pour point of the mineral oil is preferably −25° C. or lower, more preferably −30° C. or lower, and particularly preferably −35° C. or lower.

In the present invention, the kinematic viscosity of mineral oil at 40° C. is 2 mm ² /s or more and 70 mm ² /s or less. If the kinematic viscosity of mineral oil at 40° C. is less than 2 mm ² /s, the oil film formed on the sliding material of the compressor becomes thin, and the properties associated with the viscosity become insufficient, resulting in good lubrication and sealing properties as a refrigerating machine oil. I can't do it. If the kinematic viscosity of the mineral oil at 40° C. exceeds 70 mm ² /s, the mineral oil does not dissolve in the polyalkylene glycol and separates into two layers, failing to maintain stability as a refrigerating machine oil. The kinematic viscosity of the mineral oil at 40° C. is preferably 3 mm ² /s or more and 65 mm ² /s or less, more preferably 3 mm ² /s or more and 50 mm ² /s or less, still more preferably 5 mm ² /s or more and 45 mm ² /s or less. Refrigerant oil must be a uniform liquid at -25°C. The refrigerating machine oil of the present invention is a uniform liquid at -25°C by containing a specific polyalkylene glycol and a specific mineral oil in a specific mass ratio.

In the present invention, the kinematic viscosity of the mineral oil at 100° C. is preferably 0.1 mm ² /s or more, more preferably 0.25 mm ² /s or more, and 0.3 mm ² /s or more. is particularly preferred, and 0.5 mm ² /s or more is most preferred. The kinematic viscosity of the mineral oil at 100° C. is preferably 30 mm ² /s or less, more preferably 15 mm ² /s or less, particularly preferably 10 mm ² /s or less, and 8 mm ² /s or less. Most preferably. If the mineral oil has a kinematic viscosity of 0.1 mm ² /s or more at 100° C., it is possible to impart sufficient properties associated with the viscosity and exhibit good lubricity as a refrigerating machine oil. When the kinematic viscosity of mineral oil at 100° C. is 30 mm ² /s or less, the viscosity of the refrigerating machine oil is low, so the efficiency of the refrigerating cycle device can be further improved.

Mineral oils are obtained, for example, by atmospheric distillation of paraffin-based crude oil (paraffin-based mineral oil), intermediate-based crude oil or naphthenic-based crude oil (naphthenic mineral oil), or by vacuum distillation of residual oil from atmospheric distillation. Refined oils obtained by refining distillates according to conventional methods, such as solvent-refined oils, hydrogenated refined oils, dewaxed oils, clay-treated oils, and the like, can be mentioned. Among them, as the mineral oil, paraffinic mineral oil or naphthenic mineral oil having a low aniline point and a pour point of −25° C. or less is used from the viewpoint of low-temperature stability (liquid uniformity) when mixed with polyalkylene glycol. Naphthenic mineral oil having an aniline point of 55° C. or higher and 95° C. or lower and a pour point of -30° C. or lower is more preferred; Naphthenic mineral oils are more preferred; naphthenic mineral oils having an aniline point of 55° C. or higher and 85° C. or lower and a pour point of −35° C. or lower are particularly preferred.

The refrigerator oil of the present invention contains 10 to 60% by mass of polyalkylene glycol and 40 to 90% by mass of mineral oil. The refrigerating machine oil of the present invention contains the specific polyalkylene glycol and the specific mineral oil in the above mass ratio, so that the polyalkylene glycol and the mineral oil can be well dissolved. In addition, since the refrigerating machine oil contains a specific polyalkylene glycol and a specific mineral oil in a specific mass ratio, the refrigerating machine oil of the present invention has high electrical insulation. In one embodiment, the volume resistivity of the refrigerating machine oil at 25° C. is 1×10 ¹¹ Ω·cm or more. If the mass ratio of polyalkylene glycol exceeds 60% by mass (that is, the mass ratio of mineral oil is less than 40% by mass), the hygroscopicity of the refrigerating machine oil becomes too high, and electrical insulation deteriorates. When the mass ratio of mineral oil exceeds 90% by mass (that is, the mass ratio of polyalkylene glycol is less than 10% by mass), the amount dissolved in hydrocarbons contained in the refrigerant increases, and the viscosity of the refrigerating machine oil decreases. put away. That is, the deterioration of the lubricating properties of the refrigerating machine oil makes the refrigerating cycle device susceptible to wear. The refrigerating machine oil preferably contains 10 to 40% by mass of polyalkylene glycol and 60 to 90% by mass of mineral oil. If the mass ratio of the polyalkylene glycol and the mineral oil is within the above range, the two are well blended and good lubricity can be exhibited.

In the refrigerating machine oil of the present invention, the polyalkylene glycol and the mineral oil are preferably included in a mass ratio of 1:9 to 6:4, more preferably 2:8 to 6:4, More preferably 2:8 to 5:5, particularly preferably 2:8 to 4.6:5.4.

The refrigerating machine oil can reduce the amount of water contained in the refrigerating machine oil by containing a specific polyalkylene glycol and a specific mineral oil in a specific mass ratio. In one embodiment, the refrigerating machine oil of the present invention has a saturated water content of 1% by mass or less at 25° C. and a humidity of 50%. As a result, the polyalkylene glycol and mineral oil contained in the refrigerating machine oil are less likely to undergo chemical changes such as hydrolysis, and the stability of the refrigerating machine oil is enhanced.

Whether or not polyalkylene glycol and mineral oil become a uniform liquid at -25°C without separating into two layers largely depends on their molecular weights, that is, their kinematic viscosities. In the case of refrigerating machine oil, the required viscosity differs depending on the model. For example, in the case of refrigerating machine oil with high viscosity, stability is improved by blending 0.1% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less of an ester compound with respect to the total mass of refrigerating machine oil, and even higher stability in the long term. can be demonstrated. Examples of ester compounds include polyol esters, monoesters, diesters, and phosphate esters. Therefore, in one embodiment, the refrigerator oil is a mixed oil containing a specific polyalkylene glycol, a specific mineral oil, and a specific ester compound as base oils. Since the ester compound may be hydrolyzed, the mixing ratio is preferably small from the viewpoint of stability, preferably 0.1% by mass or more and 15% by mass or less, more preferably 0.1% by mass or more and 12% by mass. % by mass or less, more preferably 0.5% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less.

Therefore, according to one embodiment, the refrigerating machine oil of the present invention comprises 10% by mass or more and 40% by mass or less of polyalkylene glycol and 60% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less of mineral oil with respect to the total mass of the refrigerating machine oil. , and 0.1% by mass or more and 15% by mass or less of an ester compound. Here, the total mass of the refrigerating machine oil is the total mass (100% by mass) of the components contained in the refrigerating machine oil.

Polyol esters include esters of alcohols such as neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane and pentaerythritol and carboxylic acids such as octylic acid, nonanoic acid and oleic acid. Examples of monoesters include alkyl esters of various carboxylic acids such as octyl oleate, butyl octanoate, and hexyl 2-ethylhexanoate. The diesters include esters of dibasic acids and alcohols such as dioctyl sebacate, dioctyl adipate and dioleate adipate. Phosphate esters include trialkyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, and the like. Among them, from the viewpoint of hydrolytic stability, polyol esters are preferable, and esters of neopentyl glycol and carboxylic acid (eg, 2-ethylhexanoic acid) are more preferable because of their small molecular weight and low viscosity.

In addition, components other than the above components (polyalkylene glycol, mineral oil and ester compound) can be further contained within a range that satisfies the function as a refrigerating machine oil. Components other than the above components may be contained as a base oil or may be contained as an additive. Other components that may be contained in the refrigerating machine oil according to the present embodiment include ethers such as polyalkylene glycol etherified at both ends, polyalkylene glycol esterified at both ends or at one end, and polyvinyl ether, hydrocarbon-based Alkyl benzenes and polyolefins are mentioned.

In addition, the refrigerating machine oil according to the present embodiment can further contain a stability improver as an additive in order to further improve the stability of the working medium of the refrigerant and the refrigerating machine oil in actual use. Preferred stability improvers include one or more selected from the group consisting of thiobisphenol compounds, aromatic amine compounds, phenol compounds and benzotriazole compounds. is more preferred. In addition, the refrigerating machine oil according to the present embodiment can further contain an oily agent as an additive. Preferred oily agents include partial esters of polyhydric alcohols such as glycerol monooleate (glycerin monooleate) and sorbitan monooleate (excluding ester compounds contained as base oils of refrigerator oils). The total content of the stability improver and oiliness agent is preferably 0.1 to 3.0% by mass based on the total mass of the refrigerating machine oil. In one embodiment, the refrigerating machine oil preferably contains one or more additives selected from the group consisting of thiobisphenol compounds, aromatic amine compounds, phenolic compounds and benzotriazole compounds, with respect to the total mass of the refrigerating machine oil. .1 to 3.0% by mass.

According to one embodiment, the refrigerating machine oil of the present invention comprises 10% by mass or more and 40% by mass or less of polyalkylene glycol; 60% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less of mineral oil; .1 to 3.0% by mass of one or more additives selected from the group consisting of thiobisphenol compounds, aromatic amine compounds, phenol compounds and benzotriazole compounds; The total mass of the refrigerating machine oil is the total mass (100% by mass) of the components contained in the refrigerating machine oil.

Further, according to one embodiment, the refrigerating machine oil of the present invention comprises 10% by mass or more and 40% by mass or less of polyalkylene glycol; and 60% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less of mineral oil. 0.1% by mass or more and 15% by mass or less of an ester compound; and 0.1 to 3.0% by mass of a thiobisphenol compound, an aromatic amine compound, a phenol compound, and a benzotriazole compound. and the above additives; Here, the total mass of the refrigerating machine oil is the total mass (100% by mass) of the components contained in the refrigerating machine oil.

Among the stability improvers, thiobisphenol compounds include 4,4′-thiobis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 4,4′-thiobis(2-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), 4 , 4′-thiobis(3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) and the like are preferred. The content of the thiobisphenol compound is preferably 0.05 to 1.0% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 0.5% by mass, based on the total mass of the refrigerator oil.

Examples of aromatic amine compounds include α-naphthylamine, N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine, and di(alkylphenyl)amines having alkyl groups of 4 to 12 carbon atoms (for example, p,p'-di-octyl -diphenylamine), alkylated phenyl-α-naphthylamine, and alkylated phenyl-β-naphthylamine. The content of the aromatic amine compound is preferably 0.05 to 1.0% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 0.5% by mass, based on the total mass of the refrigerator oil.

Suitable phenol compounds include 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol. The content of the phenol compound is preferably 0.05 to 1.0% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 0.5% by mass, based on the total mass of the refrigerating machine oil.

Examples of benzotriazole compounds include benzotriazole and 1-[bis(alkyl)aminomethyl]-alkyl-1H-benzotriazole of various alkyl groups, such as 1-[bis(2-ethylhexyl)aminomethyl]-4-methyl- 1H-benzotriazole is included. The content of the benzotriazole compound is preferably 0.05 to 1.0% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 0.5% by mass, based on the total mass of the refrigerating machine oil.

In addition, the refrigerating machine oil according to the present embodiment contains antioxidants such as hindered phenol, antiwear agents such as phosphate esters and organic sulfur compounds, oily agents such as monohydric alcohols and higher fatty acids, and benzotriazole derivatives. Additives such as metal deactivators and antifoaming agents such as silicone oil can be added as appropriate. Furthermore, a pour point depressant such as polymethacrylate can be added to lower the pour point of the refrigerating machine oil, and the amount added is 0.05 to 1.0% by mass, preferably based on the total mass of the refrigerating machine oil. It is 0.1 to 0.5% by mass.

According to one embodiment, the refrigerating machine oil of the present invention comprises 10% by mass or more and 40% by mass or less of polyalkylene glycol; 60% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less of mineral oil; .1% by mass or more and 15% by mass or less of an ester compound; and 0.1 to 3.0% by mass of one or more selected from the group consisting of thiobisphenol compounds, aromatic amine compounds, phenol compounds and benzotriazole compounds. Additives and; Here, the total of polyalkylene glycol, mineral oil, ester compound and additives is 100% by mass.

From the viewpoint of the efficiency of the refrigeration cycle device, the kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of the refrigerating machine oil of the present invention is preferably 1 mm ² /s or more and 45 mm ² /s or less. The upper limit of the kinematic viscosity of the refrigerating machine oil at 40° C. is preferably 40 mm ² /s or less, more preferably 39 mm ² /s or less, even more preferably 35 mm ² /s or less, and 30 mm ² /s. s or less, and particularly preferably 28 mm ² /s or less. In addition, the lower limit of the kinematic viscosity of the refrigerating machine oil at 40°C is more preferably 0.1 mm ² /s or more, still more preferably 0.2 mm ² /s or more, and even more preferably 0.5 mm ² /s or more. , particularly preferably 1 mm ² /s or more, most preferably 1.5 mm ² /s or more. When the kinematic viscosity of the refrigerating machine oil is within the above range, the effects of the present invention are exhibited more effectively.

The refrigerating machine oil of the present invention usually exists in the form of a working medium mixed with a refrigerant containing hydrocarbons as described above in a refrigerating cycle device. The blending ratio of the refrigerating machine oil and the hydrocarbon-containing refrigerant in the working medium is not particularly limited, but the refrigerating machine oil is preferably 1 to 500 parts by mass, more preferably 2 to 400 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the hydrocarbon-containing refrigerant. part by mass.

In the present invention, "excellent in compatibility with the refrigerant (has appropriate compatibility with the refrigerant)" means that the two-layer separation temperature is low and does not dissolve excessively in the refrigerant. In the present invention, the two-layer separation temperature between the refrigerant and the refrigerating machine oil is preferably −30° C. or less, more preferably −35° C. or less, still more preferably −40° C. or less, and even more preferably − 45°C or less. The lower limit of the two-layer separation temperature is determined by the balance between the return of the refrigerating machine oil from the evaporator to the compressor in the refrigerating cycle and the lubricity of the refrigerating machine oil, and depends on the design of the refrigerating system. The two-layer separation temperature is measured by the method described in Examples below. Polyalkylene glycols are also more polar than mineral oils and polyol esters and do not dissolve excessively in hydrocarbon-containing refrigerants. Therefore, the refrigerating machine oil according to the present invention does not dissolve excessively in the refrigerant by containing the polyalkylene glycol in addition to the mineral oil. As described above, since the refrigerating machine oil according to the present invention has excellent compatibility with the refrigerant (has appropriate compatibility with the refrigerant), the working medium containing the refrigerating machine oil according to the present invention is a highly flammable hydrocarbon Good performance can be exhibited even if the amount of refrigerant containing is small.

In the present invention, the high stability of the refrigerating machine oil means that the acid value of the refrigerating machine oil is 0.01 to 0.05 mgKOH / g before and after the thermal / chemical stability test (detailed method is described in the examples below). and the hue of the refrigerator oil is L0.5 to L1.0. When the acid value is within the above range before and after the thermal/chemical stability test, it can be said that the stability is high (excellent thermal stability). Further, when the hue of the refrigerating machine oil is within the above range before and after the thermal/chemical stability test, it can be said that the stability is high (excellent thermal stability).

In the present invention, the lubricity of refrigerating machine oil is evaluated by seizure load. Specifically, the seizure load is preferably less than 3000N, more preferably less than 2950N. The seizure load is measured by the method described in Examples below.

In the present invention, the refrigerating machine oil preferably has low hygroscopicity. For example, the saturated water content of the refrigerating machine oil is preferably less than 1%, more preferably 0.9% or less, and 0.7 mass. % or less, and particularly preferably 0.6 mass % or less. Saturated water content is measured by the method described in Examples below.

In the present invention, the electrical insulation properties of refrigerating machine oil are evaluated by volume resistivity. Specifically, the volume resistivity is preferably 1.0×10 ¹¹ Ωcm or more, more preferably 5.0×10 ¹¹ Ωcm or more, and 1.0×10 ¹² Ωcm or more. · cm or more is more preferable. The volume resistivity is measured by the method described in Examples below.

The working medium of the present invention can be suitably used in refrigeration cycle devices, and is preferably used in, for example, air conditioners, electric refrigerators, and industrial freezers having reciprocating or rotary hermetic compressors. Moreover, the working medium of the present invention is preferably used in cooling devices such as dehumidifiers, water heaters, freezers, refrigerated warehouses, showcases, vending machines, and chemical plants. Furthermore, it is preferably used for those having a centrifugal compressor. The working fluid of the present invention can be suitably used in a closed refrigeration cycle apparatus. Therefore, according to the present invention, a sealed refrigeration cycle apparatus using a working medium is also provided.

The present invention will be described in more detail below based on examples and comparative examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples. In the examples, unless otherwise specified, the operations and physical properties are measured under the conditions of room temperature (20 to 25° C.)/relative humidity of 40 to 50% RH.

Refrigerating machine oils of Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8 were obtained by mixing each component shown below and stirring at 40°C for 10 minutes.

(Example 1)
Polypropylene having R ¹ (terminal) n-butyl group, OR ² oxypropylene group, kinematic viscosity of 10.5 mm ² /s at 40°C and 2.8 mm ² /s at 100°C, and pour point of -50°C Glycol (40.0% by mass relative to the total mass of refrigerating machine oil); kinematic viscosity of 7.1 mm ² /s at 40° C., 2.2 mm ² /s at 100° C., pour point of −35° C., aniline point paraffinic mineral oil (60.0% by mass with respect to the total mass of the refrigerating machine oil) having a temperature of 90° C.; and (without additives).

(Example 2)
The polypropylene glycol of Example 1 (40.0% by mass with respect to the total mass of the refrigerating machine oil); kinematic viscosity of 10.5 mm ² /s at 40° C., 2.5 mm ² /s at 100° C., pour point of −45 ° C., naphthenic mineral oil having an aniline point of 65° C. (60.0% by mass relative to the total mass of the refrigerating machine oil);

(Example 3)
The polypropylene glycol of Example 1 (40.0% by mass with respect to the total mass of the refrigerating machine oil); kinematic viscosity of 45.4 mm ² /s at 40° C., 5.5 mm ² /s at 100° C., pour point of −40 ° C., naphthenic mineral oil (60.0% by mass based on the total mass of the refrigerating machine oil) having an aniline point of 77° C.;

(Comparative example 1)
The polypropylene glycol of Example 1 (40.0% by mass relative to the total mass of the refrigerating machine oil); kinematic viscosity of 45.0 mm ² /s at 40° C., 6.7 mm ² /s at 100° C., pour point of −15 Refrigerating machine oil (without additives) containing paraffinic mineral oil (60.0% by mass based on the total mass of refrigerating machine oil) having an aniline point of 106 °C.

(Comparative example 2)
The polypropylene glycol of Example 1 (40.0% by mass relative to the total mass of the refrigerating machine oil); kinematic viscosity of 97.0 mm ² /s at 40° C., 10.9 mm ² /s at 100° C., pour point of −15 Refrigerating machine oil (without additives) containing paraffinic mineral oil (60.0% by mass based on the total mass of refrigerating machine oil) having an aniline point of 115 °C.

(Comparative Example 3)
Polypropylene glycol ( ^end ) is n-butyl group, OR ² is oxypropylene group, kinematic viscosity is 108 mm ² /s at 40°C, 19.3 mm ² /s at 100°C, pour point is -45°C ( 40.0% by mass based on the total mass of refrigerating machine oil); Kinematic viscosity is 10.5 mm ² /s at 40 ° C., 2.5 mm ² /s at 100 ° C., pour point is -45 ° C., aniline point is 65 °C naphthenic mineral oil (60.0% by mass relative to the total mass of the refrigerating machine oil);

(Comparative Example 4)
Polypropylene glycol ( ^end ) is n-butyl group, OR ² is oxypropylene group, kinematic viscosity is 108 mm ² /s at 40°C, 19.3 mm ² /s at 100°C, pour point is -45°C ( 40.0% by mass based on the total mass of refrigerating machine oil); Kinematic viscosity is 45.4 mm ² /s at 40 ° C., 5.5 mm ² / s at 100 ° C., pour point is -40 ° C., aniline point is 77 °C naphthenic mineral oil (60.0% by mass relative to the total mass of the refrigerating machine oil);

(Example 4)
R ¹ (end) is n-butyl group, OR ² is oxypropylene group, kinematic viscosity is 10.5 mm ² /s at 40°C, 2.7 mm ² /s at 100°C, and pour point is -50°C. Polypropylene glycol (30.0% by mass relative to the total mass of refrigerating machine oil); kinematic viscosity of 46.5 mm ² /s at 40° C. and 5.4 mm ² /s at 100° C., pour point of −35° C., A naphthenic mineral oil having an aniline point of 78° C. (70.0% by mass based on the total mass of the refrigerating machine oil);

(Example 5)
Polypropylene glycol with R ¹ (terminal) being an ethyl group, OR ² being an oxypropylene group, a kinematic viscosity of 22.1 mm ² /s at 40° C. and 5.1 mm ² /s at 100° C., and a pour point of −50° C. (29.9% by mass based on the total mass of refrigerating machine oil); Kinematic viscosity is 22.2 mm ² /s at 40 ° C., 3.7 mm ² /s at 100 ° C., pour point is -45 ° C., aniline point is 72 ° C. Naphthenic mineral oil (69.9% by mass relative to the total mass of the refrigerating machine oil); and as an additive, 4,4'-thiobis (2-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) 0.2% by mass) and;

(Example 6)
R ¹ (terminal) is a tert-butyl group, OR ² is an oxyethylene group and an oxypropylene group, the kinematic viscosity is 32.7 mm ² /s at 40° C. and 7.3 mm ² /s at 100° C., and the pour point is -40 ° C. polyethylene polypropylene glycol (ratio of oxyethylene group to oxypropylene group is 1:9 in molar ratio, 19.8% by mass based on the total mass of refrigerating machine oil); kinematic viscosity is 10.6 mm at 40 ° C. ² /s, 2.5 mm ² /s at 100° C., a naphthenic mineral oil (79.3% by weight based on the total weight of the refrigerating machine oil) having a pour point of −45° C. and an aniline point of 65° C.; As, 4,4'-thiobis (2-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) (0.2% by mass relative to the total mass of refrigerating machine oil) and p,p'-di-octyl-diphenylamine (to the total mass of refrigerating machine oil and glycerol monooleate (0.2% by mass based on the total mass of the refrigerating machine oil) as an oily agent.

(Example 7)
R ¹ (terminal) is n-butyl group, OR ² is oxypropylene group, kinematic viscosity is 32.5 mm ² /s at 40°C, 7.1 mm ² /s at 100°C, and pour point is -50°C. Polypropylene glycol (40% by mass based on the total mass of refrigerating machine oil); kinematic viscosity of 7.1 mm ² /s at 40° C. and 2.2 mm ² /s at 100° C., pour point of −35° C., aniline point Paraffinic mineral oil (50% by mass based on the total mass of the refrigerating machine oil) having a temperature of 90 ° C.; Dioctyl sebacate (10 mass% based on the total mass of the refrigerating machine oil) as an ester compound; no compounding).

(Comparative Example 5)
R ¹ (end) is n-butyl group, OR ² is oxypropylene group, kinematic viscosity is 32.5 mm ² /s at 40°C, 7.1 mm ² /s at 100°C, and pour point is -50°C. Polypropylene glycol (40% by mass relative to the total mass of refrigerating machine oil); kinematic viscosity of 136 mm ² /s at 40° C. and 13.7 mm ² /s at 100° C., pour point of −15° C. and aniline point of 118 °C paraffinic mineral oil (60% by mass relative to the total mass of the refrigerating machine oil);

(Comparative Example 6)
R ¹ (terminal) is n-butyl group, OR ² is oxypropylene group, kinematic viscosity is 32.5 mm ² /s at 40°C, 7.1 mm ² /s at 100°C, and pour point is -50°C. Polypropylene glycol (100% by mass relative to the total mass of refrigerating machine oil); kinematic viscosity of 9.8 mm ² /s at 40° C. and 2.6 mm ² /s at 100° C., pour point of −5° C., aniline point paraffinic mineral oil (60% by mass with respect to the total mass of the refrigerating machine oil) having a temperature of 85° C.; and (without additives).

(Comparative Example 7)
R ¹ (terminal) is n-butyl group, OR ² is oxypropylene group, kinematic viscosity is 32.5 mm ² /s at 40°C, 7.1 mm ² /s at 100°C, and pour point is -50°C. Refrigerating machine oil (without additives) of polypropylene glycol (100% by mass with respect to the total mass of refrigerating machine oil).

(Comparative Example 8)
Paraffinic mineral oil having a kinematic viscosity of 22.2 mm ² /s at 40° C. and 3.7 mm ² /s at 100° C., a pour point of −45° C. and an aniline point of 72° C. (100 % by mass) of refrigerating machine oil (without additives).

[evaluation]
The kinematic viscosity, aniline point and pour point of the polyalkylene glycols and mineral oils used in Examples and Comparative Examples were evaluated according to the following methods. Further, for each refrigerating machine oil obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples, separation test viscosity with ammonia refrigerant (measurement of kinematic viscosity), low temperature characteristics (measurement of pour point), electrical insulation (measurement of volume resistivity), Hygroscopicity (measurement of saturated moisture), lubricity (measurement of seizure load), compatibility (measurement of two-layer separation temperature when mixed with a hydrocarbon refrigerant), and thermal and chemical stability (measurement of hue and acid value) An evaluation test was performed.

<Kinematic viscosity, aniline point, pour point>
Kinematic viscosity was measured according to JIS K2283 (2000); aniline point was measured according to JIS K2256 (2013); pour point was measured according to JIS K2269 (1987).

<Volume resistivity>
Volume resistivity was measured according to JIS C2101 (2010).

<Stability test at -25°C>
The condition of the refrigerating machine oil at -25°C was visually observed. After putting 0.1 L of each refrigerating machine oil of Examples and Comparative Examples in a glass container (0.3 L), it was sealed and allowed to stand at a predetermined temperature (-10 ° C. and -25 ° C.) for 5 hours to obtain a liquid state. observed. Refrigerating machine oil used as a hydrocarbon refrigerant must be a homogeneous liquid at -25°C. Therefore, it must be a homogeneous liquid (no separation) in the stability test at -25°C.

<Separation test with ammonia refrigerant>
10% by mass of refrigerator oil and 90% by mass of ammonia were enclosed in a glass tube, and the state after standing at room temperature (25° C.) for 30 minutes was observed. If the ammonia refrigerant and refrigerating machine oil are separated, it means that the refrigerating machine oil cannot be used in a sealed refrigerating cycle.

〈Saturated Moisture〉
After 48 hours at a temperature of 30° C. and a humidity of 80% (50 g of refrigerating machine oil was allowed to stand in a 100 ml beaker), the water content was measured. Moisture content was measured according to JIS K2275-2 (2015 edition).

<Evaluation of thermal and chemical stability>
30 g of each refrigerator oil, 30 g of isobutane (R600a), and catalysts (iron, copper, and aluminum wires) were sealed in an autoclave, heated to 175° C., held for 7 days, and tested. After the test, the hue and acid value of the refrigerator oil were evaluated. Hue was measured according to ASTM D156. The acid value was measured according to JIS K2501 (2003).

<Seizure load>
Based on ASTM D-3233-19 method Rotation speed: 290 rpm, temperature: room temperature <Two-layer separation temperature with hydrocarbon refrigerant>
As a compatibility test between the refrigerating machine oil and the hydrocarbon refrigerant, the two-layer separation temperature was measured according to the JIS method (refrigerating machine oil: K2211 (2009)). The compatibility test was performed using 7.5 g of refrigerating machine oil for 42.5 g of refrigerant using pentane instead of propane as the refrigerant. In this example, the measurement was performed in a temperature range from room temperature (25°C) to -50°C. Therefore, in a sample containing refrigerating machine oil and refrigerant, if separation does not occur even at -50 ° C., the two-layer separation temperature is "-50 ° C. or less" (described as "<-50 ° C." in the table). evaluated.

The results obtained are shown in Tables 1 and 2. In Tables 1 and 2, "PAG" indicates polyalkylene glycol, and "-" indicates that the corresponding component was not used. In addition, various evaluations could not be measured for a sample in which the refrigerating machine oil was left to stand at 25° C. for 30 minutes and separated into two layers (denoted as “separated into two layers” or “NA” in the table).

From Tables 1 and 2, it can be seen that only a combination of a specific polyalkylene glycol and a specific mineral oil is a uniform liquid even at a low temperature of -25°C and can be used as a refrigerating machine oil. Since both the refrigerating machine oils of Examples and Comparative Examples are mixed with ammonia, cloudy separation occurs. It can be seen that it cannot be used as a cycle refrigerating machine oil.

From Tables 1 and 2, it can be seen that the refrigerating machine oils of Examples 1 to 7 are refrigerating machine oils with well-balanced characteristics. That is, the refrigerating machine oils of Examples 1 to 7 have sufficiently low pour points, are uniform liquids even at low temperatures, and have excellent electrical insulation (volume resistivity), lubricity (seizure load), and thermal and chemical stability. is good, the two-layer separation temperature with the hydrocarbon refrigerant and the hygroscopicity (water content) are also good. Comparative Example 5 is a refrigerating machine oil in which a mineral oil having a kinematic viscosity exceeding 60 mm ² /s and an aniline point exceeding 105° C. and a specific polyalkylene glycol are combined, but the oil is separated into two layers and does not become a uniform liquid. Therefore, it was found that it is not suitable for use as a refrigerating machine oil. Comparative Example 6 is a refrigerating machine oil in which a mineral oil having a viscosity pour point of −15° C. or more and a specific polyalkylene glycol are combined, but the pour point of the refrigerating machine oil is high and the lubricity is insufficient. found to be unsuitable for use as

The refrigerating machine oil of Comparative Example 7 is a refrigerating machine oil containing a specific polyalkylene glycol alone. high water content). The refrigerating machine oils of Examples 5 and 6 have a level of lubricity comparable to that of the refrigerating machine oil of Comparative Example 7 due to the addition of the additive, and are considerably higher than that of Comparative Example 8, which is a refrigerating machine oil containing mineral oil alone. It can be seen that it has high lubricity. The refrigerating machine oil of Comparative Example 8 was inferior in lubricity, and in terms of thermal and chemical stability, the oil was colored, indicating that it was inferior in terms of stability. In addition, since mineral oil is a hydrocarbon, there is a problem that it mixes too much with refrigerants of the same hydrocarbon.

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a working medium that can exhibit good performance when using refrigerants containing hydrocarbons such as ethane, propane, normal butane, and isobutane in refrigeration cycle devices.

Claims

A refrigerant containing a hydrocarbon containing no halogen atoms having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and a refrigerating machine oil containing a polyalkylene glycol and a mineral oil,
The polyalkylene glycol has the following general formula (1):

[In formula (1), R 1 is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms, OR 2 is the same or different and represents an oxyalkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and n is It represents the number of added moles of the oxyalkylene group represented by OR2 . ]
and has a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of 2 mm 2 /s or more and 60 mm 2 /s or less,
The mineral oil has an aniline point of 55° C. or higher and 105° C. or lower, a pour point of −15° C. or lower, and a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of 2 mm 2 /s or higher and 70 mm 2 /s or lower,
The polyalkylene glycol is contained in an amount of 10% by mass or more and 60% by mass or less with respect to the total mass of the refrigerating machine oil, and the mineral oil is 40% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less with respect to the total mass of the refrigerating machine oil. A working medium for a refrigerant compression refrigeration cycle device, which is contained in.
The working medium for a refrigerant compression refrigeration cycle device according to claim 1, wherein the refrigerating machine oil further contains 0.1 to 20% by mass of an ester compound.
The working medium for a refrigerant compression refrigeration cycle device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the mineral oil is a naphthenic mineral oil having an aniline point of 55°C or higher and 95°C or lower and a pour point of -30°C or lower.
The working medium for a refrigerant compression refrigeration cycle device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said refrigerating machine oil has a volume resistivity of 1 x 1011 Ω·cm or more at 25°C.
The refrigerant compression refrigeration cycle according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the refrigerating machine oil has a saturated moisture content of 1% by mass or less at 50% humidity and 25°C, and is a uniform liquid at -10°C. Working medium for equipment.
The working medium for a refrigerant compression refrigeration cycle device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein said hydrocarbon is propane, ethane or a mixture thereof.
The polyalkylene glycol is a refrigerant compression type according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein R 1 in the general formula (1) is an alkyl group having 4 carbon atoms, and OR 2 is an oxypropylene group. Working medium for refrigeration cycle equipment.
3. The refrigerating machine oil contains at least one additive selected from the group consisting of amine compounds, phenol compounds, thiobisphenol compounds and benzotriazole compounds in an amount of 0.1% by mass or more based on the total mass of the refrigerating machine oil. The working fluid for a refrigerant compression refrigeration cycle device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, containing 0% by mass or less.
The refrigerating machine oil contains the polyalkylene glycol of 10% by mass or more and 40% by mass or less, the mineral oil of 60% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less, and 0.1% by mass or more and 15% by mass of the total mass of the refrigerating machine oil. 9. The working medium for a refrigerant compression refrigeration cycle device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising: the ester compound in an amount of mass% or less.
A sealed refrigeration cycle apparatus using the working medium according to any one of claims 1 to 9.