WO2020245646A1

WO2020245646A1 - Device for controlling air pollution emanating from a pollution source

Info

Publication number: WO2020245646A1
Application number: PCT/IB2019/059543
Authority: WO
Inventors: Arjun Sil
Original assignee: Arjun Sil
Priority date: 2019-06-04
Filing date: 2019-11-06
Publication date: 2020-12-10
Also published as: IN201931022120A

Abstract

The present invention generally relates to the field of environment studies and chemical engineering and in particularly relates to a device for controlling air pollution. In an embodiment, an apparatus 200 for controlling air pollution emanating from a pollution source is provided. The apparatus 200 includes: a housing 202 including a plurality of chambers, wherein each chamber among the plurality of chambers are placed in a pre-defined spot of a flow profile of an air emanating from the pollution source; a first inlet 204 disposed within the housing 202 and a first end of the first inlet 204 is coupled to an outlet 214 of the pollution source, wherein the first inlet 204 is a substantially cylindrical in shape and comprises a plurality of filters for facilitating pre-filtration of the air emanated from the pollution source; a first chamber 206 comprising a water at a predetermined level, wherein an input section of the first chamber 206 is coupled to a second end of the first inlet 204, wherein the air emanated from the pollution source passes through the water in the first chamber 206 and reacts firstly with the water to generate sulphurous acid and carbonic acid, thereafter decomposes into the sulphur dioxide and carbon dioxide and similarly passes through other chemical reagents in soluble/liquid form and finally purified air gets released to environment.

Description

DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING AIR POLLUTION EMANATING

FROM A POLLUTION SOURCE

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention generally relates to the field of environment studies and chemical engineering in particularly relates to a device for controlling air pollution.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In world, diseases and temperature are increasing day by day due to the reason of global warming, green house effect and air pollution. Lots of people are suffering with lots of disease just because of impure air and high temperature. Air pollution is the major reason for diseases.

Air pollution is a mixture of particles and gases that can reach harmful concentrations both outside and indoors. Its effects can range from higher disease risks to rising temperatures. Soot, smoke, mold, pollen, methane, and carbon dioxide are a just few examples of common pollutants.

There are many reasons or factor that leads pollution in the air. Factories, power plants, cars, airplanes, chemicals, fumes from spray cans, and methane gas from landfills are the main reasons for the air pollution. But in today's world, cars or vehicles are increasing along with population are major concern towards air pollution. Unburnt fuel and many gases that exhaust from the vehicle cause various diseases.

However, burning of fuel essentially contains three types of particulate matters such as solid, semi liquid, and gaseous, nevertheless, solid particles contains dust particles, carbon particle, ash, and cinder, on the other hand, semi-liquid contains un-burnt fuel and gaseous contains mainly carbon dioxide (CO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), and carbon mono-oxide (CO) known as pollutants etc. Industrial air emissions are often cited as a source of various environmental problems, such as ozone layer depletion, global warming, and acid rain, not to mention health related issues for those individuals working or residing in affected areas. For example, incineration of organic materials often results in the formation of carbon dioxide and nitrous oxides, which are implicated with, among other things, the formation of volatile organic compounds that contribute to smog problems in urban areas. Such pollution is known to lead to various health related issues, such as pulmonary disease and increased cancer risks, as well as having negative effects on surrounding vegetation. As public sentiment and governments continue to pursue enactment of stricter emission requirements, industry struggles to find economically feasible solutions. For controlling air pollution, an air pollution control apparatus reduces nitrogen oxides and oxidizes mercury in flue gas discharged from a boiler by an ammonia denitrating catalyst. The air pollution control apparatus includes an economizer bypassing unit that diverts high-temperature combustion gas to a downstream side while bypassing an economizer provided in a gas flue for combustion gas from the boiler, provided with an ammonium-chloride supply unit that supplies powdery ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) to the economizer bypassing unit. The air pollution control apparatus sublimates the ammonium chloride in an atmosphere at a high temperature of the combustion gas, and supplies hydrogen chloride and ammonium into the flue gas flue. In one solution, the system is generated for removing mercury in an exhaust gas include an ammonium chloride pretreatment means of performing a pretreatment of ammonium chloride, an ammonium chloride supply means of supplying the pretreated ammonium chloride to the exhaust gas, a reduction/denitrification means of reducing nitrogen oxide in the exhaust gas and chlorinates mercury, and a wet type desulfurization means of removing sulfur oxide in the exhaust gas and the chlorinated mercury with an alkaline absorption liquid, and the ammonium chloride pretreatment means is provided with a bulky material removal means that removes the bulky material from the ammonium chloride. In one solution, a method is provided for preventing the release of air pollutants with combustion flue gases emitted to the atmosphere by the removal of one or more of nitric oxide, sulfur trioxide, light hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and trace amounts of mercury from combustion flue gas streams. The method converts nitric oxide to nitrogen dioxide, sulfur trioxide to sulfur dioxide, removes light hydrocarbons in the form of carbon dioxide, reduces the concentration of carbon monoxide, and removes mercury vapor in the form of mercury oxide, by the addition of hydrogen peroxide or a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and methanol to a combustion flue gas at a temperature in the range from about 650 K (377° C.) to 1100 K (827° C.).

In one solution, a method and system of separating carbon dioxide from flue gas is introduced. Instead of relying on large temperature or pressure changes to remove carbon dioxide from a solvent used to absorb it from flue gas, the ion pump method, as disclosed herein, dramatically increases the concentration of dissolved carbonate ion in solution. This increases the overlying vapor pressure of carbon dioxide gas, permitting carbon dioxide to be removed from the downstream side of the ion pump as a pure gas. The ion pumping may be obtained from reverse osmosis, electro dialysis, thermal desalination methods, or an ion pump system having an oscillating flow in synchronization with an induced electric field. The existing systems are not cost effective. In addition of, the existing systems don’t remove all gases. They just focus on particular gas either CO₂ or mercury, which are required to be improved. Further, the existing systems don’t include any indicator for neutralization of chemical reaction. Therefore, there exists a need to have a better device for controlling air pollution. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention generally relates to the field of environment studies and chemical engineering and in particularly relates to a device for controlling air pollution. In an embodiment, an apparatus for controlling air pollution emanating from a pollution source is provided. The apparatus includes: a housing including a plurality of chambers, wherein each chamber among the plurality of chambers are placed in a pre-defined spot of a flow profile of an air emanating from the pollution source; a first inlet disposed within the housing and a first end of the first inlet is coupled to an outlet of the pollution source (Figure-1), wherein the first inlet is a substantially cylindrical in shape and comprises a plurality of filters for facilitating pre-filtration of the air emanated from the pollution source; a first chamber comprising a water at a predetermined level, wherein an input section of the first chamber is coupled to a second end of the first inlet, wherein the air emanated from the pollution source passes through the water in the first chamber and reacts firstly with the water to generate sulphurous acid and carbonic acid, thereafter decomposes into the sulphur dioxide and carbon dioxide; a second chamber comprising a solution of sodium hydroxide, wherein an input section of the second chamber is coupled to an output of the first chamber to receive the air flow comprising at least the sulphur dioxide and carbon dioxide, wherein the carbon dioxide reacts with the solution of the sodium hydroxide to generate sodium carbonate; a third chamber comprising a solution of potassium hydroxide, wherein an input section of the third chamber is coupled to an output of the second chamber to receive the air flow comprising at least the sulphur dioxide and carbon dioxide, wherein the carbon dioxide reacts with the solution of the potassium hydroxide to generate potassium carbonate; a fourth chamber comprising a solution of calcium hydroxide, wherein an input section of the fourth chamber is coupled to an output of the fifth chamber to receive the air flow comprising at least the sulphur dioxide and carbon dioxide, wherein the carbon dioxide reacts with the solution of the Hydrochloric acid (HCl) or ammonia or cuprious chloride solution and finally dissolved forming compounds; and an outlet disposed within the housing and coupled to the outlet of the sixth chamber to release air purified there from toward an external environment. An objective of the present invention is to provide device that could be used for controlling air pollution. Another objective of the present invention is to remove unburnt fuel and wasteful gases from the exhaust of the vehicles and industries. Another objective of the present invention is to add indicator in the chemical reaction for stabilizing the reaction. To further clarify advantages and features of the present invention, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof, which is illustrated in the appended drawings. It is appreciated that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope. The invention will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail with the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will become better understood when the following detailed description is read with reference to the accompanying drawings in which like characters represent like parts throughout the drawings, wherein: Figure 1 shows layout of proposed air pollution control device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; and Figure 2 shows a block diagram for the apparatus for controlling air pollution emanating from a pollution source in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Further, skilled artisans will appreciate that elements in the drawings are illustrated for simplicity and may not have been necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, the flow charts illustrate the method in terms of the most prominent steps involved to help to improve understanding of aspects of the present invention. Furthermore, in terms of the construction of the device, one or more components of the device may have been represented in the drawings by conventional symbols, and the drawings may show only those specific details that are pertinent in understanding the embodiments of the present invention so as not to obscure the drawings with details that will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art having benefit of the description herein. DETAILED DESCRIPTION: For the purpose of promoting an understanding of the principles of the invention, reference will now be made to the embodiment illustrated in the drawings and specific language will be used to describe the same. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the invention is thereby intended, such alterations and further modifications in the illustrated system, and such further applications of the principles of the invention as illustrated therein being contemplated as would normally occur to one skilled in the art to which the invention relates. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory of the invention and are not intended to be restrictive thereof. Reference throughout this specification to “an aspect”, “another aspect” or similar language means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, appearances of the phrase“in an embodiment”,“in another embodiment” and similar language throughout this specification may, but do not necessarily, all refer to the same embodiment. The terms "comprises", "comprising", or any other variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process or method that comprises a list of steps does not include only those steps but may include other steps not expressly listed or inherent to such process or method. Similarly, one or more devices or sub-systems or elements or structures or components proceeded by "comprises...a" does not, without more constraints, preclude the existence of other devices or other sub- systems or other elements or other structures or other components or additional devices or additional sub-systems or additional elements or additional structures or additional components. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The system, methods, and examples provided herein are illustrative only and not intended to be limiting. Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The present invention generally relates to the field of environment studies and chemical engineering and in particularly relates to a device for controlling air pollution. Figure 1 shows layout of proposed air pollution control device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. This present invention improves the function of air pollution control devices by providing a residence time of the gases at a high temperature. It is understood that there is sufficient air mixed with the exhaust gases to oxidize the unburned hydrocarbons. The residence time is provided in a combustion chamber of relatively large volume and the gases are heated on entering therein by a heat exchanger. After burning in the combustion chamber, the gases pass again through the heat exchanger to heat incoming exhaust gases. While this invention is shown and described for automobile exhaust gases, it will find other applications to remove unburned hydrocarbon pollutants from industrial exhausts. This proposed layout helps for controlling the air pollution. The apparatus used in this proposed layout i.e. Ulf bottle, gas tube, cork and a pump. There are many chemical reagents used in the process of controlling air pollution i.e. H2O, NaoH, KoH, Ca(OH)₂, HCL, ammonia, indicator and Cl solution. A reagent is a compound or mixture added to a system to cause a chemical reaction or test if a reaction occurs. A reagent may be used to tell whether or not a specific chemical substance is present by causing a reaction to occur with it. Chemical reagents are present in each and every chamber. When smoke containing mixtures (suspended solids, gases and liquid vapour such as unburnt fossil oil used in cars) of SO2 passes through the liquid media that contains normal water, initially, it reacts with water and produces H2SO3 under normal temperature and pressure. However, a suitable motor pump is fitted to direct the flow of smoke mixture of incoming gases from sources and used to pass through this liquid.

There are two types of pumps i.e. centrifugal pump and displacement pump but centrifugal pump is mainly used to direct the flow of gas.

Various centrifugal pumps are listed below:

1) Axial Pump: Axial flow pumps are used for the promotion of incompressible fluids and are employed for large volume flows at relatively low delivery heads. As with all types of centrifugal pumps, the energy transmission in axial flow pumps is carried out exclusively through flow-related processes.

2) Diagonal Pump: Diagonal pumps are used to pump incompressible fluids at medium volume flows and delivery heads. Diagonal pumps combine the benefits of axial flow and radial pumps. As with all types of centrifugal pumps, the energy transmission in diagonal pumps is carried out exclusively through flow-related processes. 3) Radial Pump: The biggest subsection of the centrifugal pumps is the radial pump. The handled liquid is exiting the impeller radially. The achieved delivery head is proportional to the impeller diameter. To realize higher heads, several impellers are put in series (multistage pumps), where guide rings lead the handled medium from radial flow to the axial inlet of the next stage.

4) Side channel Pump: Side Channel Pumps fill the hydraulic performance void between the positive displacement pump and centrifugal pumps. Side Channel Pumps are used for low flow and high head applications. They handle fluids with gas entrainment of up to 50% and are ideal for handling volatile, high vapor pressure fluids with low viscosities.

5) Regenerative Turbine pump: Regenerative turbine pumps are centrifugal pumps for pumping pure liquids. They are used where great delivery heads are required with small volume flows. Furthermore, by contrast with other centrifugal pumps, regenerative turbine pumps are capable of also handling large gas proportions without interrupting the liquid stream. Similarly, containing CO₂ when passes through this media and reacts with water and produces H₂CO₃ under normal temperature and pressure but due to continuous direct heating coming from burning smoke effecting the 1st chamber which contains water and it absorb heat and hence temperature of water goes on increasing. Therefore, H₂CO₃, H₂SO₃ decomposes and CO₂, SO2 is form and come out from the 1st chamber to 2nd chamber. The remaining residues such as unburnt fuel, ash, cinder are deposited in this chamber. Thereafter CO₂ passes through the 2nd chamber that contains NaOH solution and reacts with CO₂ and produces Na₂CO₃.

NaOH + CO₂ = Na₂CO₃ + H₂O

However, for neutralization of chemical reaction, indicator is used. In the same way, other chambers having KoH, Ca(OH)₂ solution is used and pass the remaining air (mixture of gases) one after another and the whole air mixture could be fully purified and air pollution is prevented with this easy technique.

The Chemical reactions occurring area as follows:

1. H₂O + CO₂ = H₂CO₃

2. H₂O + SO₂ = H₂SO₃

3. NaOH + CO₂ = Na₂CO₃ + H₂O

4. KoH + CO₂ = K₂CO₃ + H₂O

5. Ca(OH)₂ + CO₂ = CaCO₃ + H₂O In an embodiment, a pollution control device may also include an expansion chamber or series of expansion chambers disposed between the source of the effluent gas and resonance chamber. The expansion chambers are designed to gradually decrease the temperature, pressure and velocity of the effluent gas as it flows through the pollution control device. The expansion chambers may include baffle plates with drilled holes for allowing the effluent gas to flow through the baffle. The baffles reduce the flow of the effluent gas and may be made adjustable in order to further control the flow of the effluent gas. The pollution control device preferably operates at ½ pound over atmosphere, and the adjustable baffles may be controlled by a PLC to maintain a desired resistance. The reduction in temperature of the effluent gas accomplished by the expansion chambers helps to stabilize the effluent gas before reaching the output non-thermal plasma reactor 18 and/or the effluent gas exiting input non-thermal plasma reactor. The device may also include a blower for controlling the gaseous flow of the effluent gas through the pollution control device. The blower may be, for example, an enclosed variable speed fan assembly or a damper, or other means for regulating gaseous flow. The blower preferably controls the flow of the effluent gas such that the pollution control device operates at approximately ½ pound over atmosphere. The pollution control device may, however, operate at atmospheric conditions. Alternatively, a blower is not needed if the flow of the effluent gas is sufficient to drive the effluent gas through the pollution control device. The flow of the effluent gas may also be regulated by the blower relative to measured contaminant levels. If the contamination rates are high, the dwell time of the effluent gas within the pollution control device may be increased, and conversely, if the contamination rates are low, the flow velocity of the effluent gas may be increased, thereby reducing the necessary dwell time of the effluent gas. More preferably, this feature may be utilized to control the residence time of the effluent gas in the non- thermal plasma reactors of the pollution control device. The blower is preferably controlled by logic circuitry responsive to the measured contamination levels. In an exemplary embodiment, there is provided apparatus capable of removal of all contaminants from a pollution generating system. The invention includes afterburner chambers to dispose of hydrocarbons, steam chambers and water scrubbing and fogging chambers arranged in a particular sequence to eliminate the fly ash and chemical pollutants.

Referring to Figure 2, an apparatus for controlling air pollution emanating from a pollution source is illustrated. The apparatus 200 includes a housing 202 including a plurality of chambers, wherein each chamber among the plurality of chambers is placed in a pre-defined spot of a flow profile of an air emanating from the pollution source; a first inlet 204 disposed within the housing and a first end of the first inlet 204 is coupled to an outlet of the pollution source, wherein the first inlet 204 is a substantially cylindrical in shape and comprises a plurality of filters for facilitating pre- filtration of the air emanated from the pollution source; a first chamber 206 comprising a water at a predetermined level, wherein an input section of the first chamber 206 is coupled to a second end of the first inlet 204, wherein the air emanated from the pollution source passes through the water in the first chamber 206 and reacts firstly with the water to generate sulphurous acid and carbonic acid, thereafter decomposes into the sulphur dioxide and carbon dioxide; a second chamber 208 comprising a solution of sodium hydroxide, wherein an input section of the second chamber 208 is coupled to an output of the first chamber 206 to receive the air flow comprising at least the sulphur dioxide and carbon dioxide, wherein the carbon dioxide reacts with the solution of the sodium hydroxide to generate sodium carbonate; a third chamber 210 comprising a solution of potassium hydroxide, wherein an input section of the third chamber 210 is coupled to an output of the second chamber 208 to receive the air flow comprising at least the sulphur dioxide and carbon dioxide, wherein the carbon dioxide reacts with the solution of the potassium hydroxide to generate potassium carbonate; a fourth chamber 212 comprising a solution of calcium hydroxide, wherein an input section of the fourth chamber 212 is coupled to an output of the third chamber 210 to receive the air flow comprising at least the sulphur dioxide and carbon dioxide, wherein the carbon dioxide reacts with the solution of the calcium hydroxide to generate calcium carbonate; and an outlet 214 disposed within the housing and coupled to the outlet of the fourth chamber 212 to release air purified there from toward an external environment. The plurality of chambers oxidize pollutants by making the pollutants combine with oxygen in the air, using a catalyst. As the catalyst, it is effective to use noble metal, such as palladium, platinum, ruthenium, and rhodium, which has an oxidizing activity with respect to organic substances, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, etc. By placing such a noble metal on the surface of a metal or a porous carrier made of alumina, zirconia or the like, the noble metal can be utilized effectively. A catalyst obtained by placing a noble metal on a porous carrier or a metal is shaped into pellets or a honey-comb, and the resultant catalyst is put into a container. By passing the air through the chamber, low- oxidized pollutants in the air can be oxidized to a higher degree. For example, NO and ammonia are oxidized to NO₂, SO and hydrogen sulfide to SO2, and organic substances and CO to CO₂. The chamber may include pollutant-removing means can reduce the kinds of pollutants significantly and remove pollutants, such as NO, that are difficult to be adsorbed and removed. The above-described catalysts exert sufficient oxidizing ability when heated to 200 to 500° C. However, when the concentrations of the pollutants are low or when the amount of air to be passed through the container having the catalyst is small relative to the amount of the catalyst, the catalysts may be used at room temperature. The chamber may include a second pollutant-removing means that adsorbs and removes the highly oxidized pollutants that are oxidized by the first pollutant-removing means or that have passed through the first pollutant- removing means. The second pollutant-removing means includes a porous material carrying at least one selected from the group consisting of permanganates, alkali salts, alkaline hydroxides, and alkaline oxides. As the porous material, it is effective to use activated carbon, alumina, zeolite, zirconia and silica. Permanganates may be potassium permanganate and sodium permanganate. Alkali salts may be K ₂CO₃, Na₂CO₃, NaHCO₃, and CaCO₃. Alkaline hydroxides may be KOH, NaOH, Ca(OH)₂, and Mg(OH)₂. Alkaline oxides may be K₂O, Na₂O, CaO, and MgO. Although any combination of the above-listed materials may be effective in removing various pollutants, alumina carrying potassium permanganate is particularly effective in removing nitrogen oxides. When the air purifying apparatus according to the present invention is operated, it is desirable that the space velocity (SV) of the air to be purified be 10,000 to 100,000 h ^-1. The higher the SV, the smaller the adsorbing device can be made. However, if the adsorbing performance of the adsorbent is poor, sufficient purification is not possible, unless the SV is made low. In fuel cell applications where a large amount of air needs to be purified, if the SV is low, the adsorbing device becomes large and the pressure loss increases, so that the power consumption of the blower increases. The present invention can purify air effectively even under the condition of high space velocity of about 10,000 to 100,000 h ^-1, by employing a configuration that includes a first pollutant- removing means, which has an oxidizing catalyst, and a second pollutant- removing means, which adsorbs and removes highly oxidized pollutants. In an embodiment, the first inlet 204 comprises a clamping mechanism 216 on an outer periphery of the cylindrical shape in a manner that the clamping mechanism 216 comprises a dynamically adjustable pipe to lock the first inlet with the outlet, wherein diameter of the first inlet is different from diameter of the outlet. In an embodiment, the apparatus 200 further includes a heating element 218 disposed around the first chamber 206 to facilitate decomposition of the sulphurous acid and the carbonic acid into sulphur dioxide and carbon dioxide respectively. In an embodiment, each of the first 206, second 208, third 210 and fourth chambers 212 are configured to be detachably fitted within the housing 202. In an embodiment, the apparatus 200 further includes a clogging detector 220 for each chamber to determine presence of clogs within the chamber, wherein the clogging detector is configured to communicatively coupled to controller area network (CAN) of the vehicle to generate alarm when the presence of clogs is beyond a threshold presence of the clogs. The detector 220 may include one or more filter sensors clogging of the filter due to abnormality of the filter in the chamber, or the change of air flow due to foreign matter in the chamber. In an embodiment, the housing 202 includes a first half and a second half, wherein a plurality of vibration absorbing sheets are disposed within an internal surface of the first half and the second half to avoid delivery of the vibrations toward the chambers. In an embodiment, the housing 202 comprises an opening 222 corresponding to each chamber, wherein each chamber is partially disposed within the housing 202 and partially visible outside the housing to provide visibility of clogs present within the chamber. In an embodiment, the apparatus 200 further includes an actuator 224 adapted to energize a pump for suctioning of discharge released by the pollution source. In an embodiment, the apparatus 200 further includes at least one external frame 226 for the housing to couple the housing with at least one vehicle. In an embodiment, the apparatus 200 further includes an opening 222 within each chamber, wherein the opening facilitates delivery of solution within the chamber. The drawings and the forgoing description give examples of embodiments. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that one or more of the described elements may well be combined into a single functional element. Alternatively, certain elements may be split into multiple functional elements. Elements from one embodiment may be added to another embodiment. For example, orders of processes described herein may be changed and are not limited to the manner described herein. Moreover, the actions of any flow diagram need not be implemented in the order shown; nor do all of the acts necessarily need to be performed. Also, those acts that are not dependent on other acts may be performed in parallel with the other acts. The scope of embodiments is by no means limited by these specific examples. Numerous variations, whether explicitly given in the specification or not, such as differences in structure, dimension, and use of material, are possible. The scope of embodiments is at least as broad as given by the following claims. Benefits, other advantages, and solutions to problems have been described above with regard to specific embodiments. However, the benefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and any component(s) that may cause any benefit, advantage, or solution to occur or become more pronounced are not to be construed as a critical, required, or essential feature or component of any or all the claims.

Claims

We claim:

1. An Apparatus for controlling air pollution emanating from a pollution source, the apparatus comprising:

a housing including a plurality of chambers, wherein each chamber among the plurality of chambers are placed in a pre-defined spot of a flow profile of an air emanating from the pollution source;

a first inlet disposed within the housing and a first end of the first inlet is coupled to an outlet of the pollution source, wherein the first inlet is a substantially cylindrical in shape and comprises a plurality of filters for facilitating pre-filtration of the air emanated from the pollution source;

a first chamber comprising a water at a predetermined level, wherein an input section of the first chamber is coupled to a second end of the first inlet, wherein the air emanated from the pollution source passes through the water in the first chamber and reacts firstly with the water to generate sulphurous acid and carbonic acid, thereafter decomposes into the sulphur dioxide and carbon dioxide;

a second chamber comprising a solution of sodium hydroxide, wherein an input section of the second chamber is coupled to an output of the first chamber to receive the air flow comprising at least the sulphur dioxide and carbon dioxide, wherein the carbon dioxide reacts with the solution of the sodium hydroxide to generate sodium carbonate;

a third chamber comprising a solution of potassium hydroxide, wherein an input section of the third chamber is coupled to an output of the second chamber to receive the air flow comprising at least the sulphur dioxide and carbon dioxide, wherein the carbon dioxide reacts with the solution of the potassium hydroxide to generate potassium carbonate;

a fourth chamber comprising a solution of calcium hydroxide, wherein an input section of the fourth chamber is coupled to an output of the third chamber to receive the air flow comprising at least the sulphur dioxide and carbon dioxide, wherein the carbon dioxide reacts with the solution of the calcium hydroxide to generate calcium carbonate; and

an outlet disposed within the housing and coupled to the outlet of the fourth chamber to release air purified therefrom toward an external environment.

2. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first inlet comprises a camping mechanism on an outer periphery of the cylindrical shape in a manner that the clamping mechanism comprises a dynamically adjustable pipe to lock the first inlet with the outlet, wherein diameter of the first inlet is different from diameter of the outlet.

3. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 further comprising a heating element disposed around the first chamber to facilitate decomposition of the sulphurous acid and the carbonic acid into sulphur dioxide and carbon dioxide respectively.

4. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of the first, second, third and fourth chambers are configured to be detachably fitted within the housing.

5. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a clogging detector for each chamber to determine presence of clogs within the chamber, wherein the clogging detector is configured to communicatively coupled to controller area network (CAN) of the vehicle to generate alarm when the presence of clogs is beyond a threshold presence of the clogs.

6. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein housing includes a first half and a second half, wherein a plurality of vibration absorbing sheets are disposed within an internal surface of the first half and the second half to avoid delivery of the vibrations toward the chambers.

7. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the housing comprises an opening corresponding to each chamber, wherein each chamber is partially disposed within the housing and partially visible outside the housing to provide visibility of clogs present within the chamber.

8. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, further comprising an actuator adapted to energize a pump for suctioning of discharge released by the pollution source.

9. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, comprising at least one external frame for the housing to couple the housing with at least one vehicle.

10. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, further comprising an opening within each chamber, wherein the opening facilitates delivery of solution within the chamber.