WO2019065456A1 - 硬化性組成物、硬化膜、固体撮像装置、及び、硬化膜の製造方法 - Google Patents
硬化性組成物、硬化膜、固体撮像装置、及び、硬化膜の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019065456A1 WO2019065456A1 PCT/JP2018/034835 JP2018034835W WO2019065456A1 WO 2019065456 A1 WO2019065456 A1 WO 2019065456A1 JP 2018034835 W JP2018034835 W JP 2018034835W WO 2019065456 A1 WO2019065456 A1 WO 2019065456A1
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Images
Classifications
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- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/09—Photosensitive materials characterised by structural details, e.g. supports, auxiliary layers
- G03F7/105—Photosensitive materials characterised by structural details, e.g. supports, auxiliary layers having substances, e.g. indicators, for forming visible images
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/26—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
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- H01L27/14—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
- H01L27/144—Devices controlled by radiation
- H01L27/146—Imager structures
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a curable composition, a cured film, a solid-state imaging device, and a method for producing a cured film.
- a photosensitive resin composition containing carbon black and a dipentaerythritol polyacrylate compound is disclosed as a curable composition containing carbon black as described above.
- a curing process such as an exposure process is usually performed after the curable composition layer is formed.
- the time to curing may be extended. In other words, it may take longer to put up.
- the present inventors examined the curable composition described in Patent Document 1, after the curable composition layer was formed using the curable composition, the curability was obtained when it was drawn for a long time. It was found that defects occurred in the composition layer.
- the fact that defects are less likely to occur when the composition is formed after formation of the curable composition layer is referred to as being excellent in stability over time.
- a curable composition wherein the polymerizable compound comprises a first polymerizable compound having a ring-opened structure of ⁇ -caprolactone and a second polymerizable compound having a hydroxyl group.
- the polymerizing compound according to (1) further comprising a third polymerizing compound different from the first polymerizing compound and the second polymerizing compound and having a plurality of polymerizing groups. Curable composition.
- the third polymerizable compound is a compound different from the first polymerizable compound and the second polymerizable compound, and has a plurality of polymerizable groups, and the ratio of the number of polymerizable groups divided by the molecular weight is 0.
- the curable composition according to (2) which contains a polymerizable compound that is not less than 0100 and less than 0.0120.
- (4) The curable composition according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein at least four compounds are contained as the polymerizable compound.
- (5) The curable composition according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein at least three types of compounds having different numbers of polymerizable groups are contained as the polymerizable compound.
- (6) The curable composition according to any one of (1) to (5), wherein at least four compounds having different numbers of polymerizable groups are contained as the polymerizable compound.
- (7) The curable composition according to any one of (1) to (6), wherein the first polymerizable compound is a compound represented by Formula (Z-1) described later.
- the second polymerizable compound is selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by the formula (Z-4) described later and a compound represented by the formula (Z-5) described later, The curable composition as described in any one of 8).
- the polymerizable compound is represented by a compound represented by the formula (Z-1) described later, a compound represented by the formula (Z-5) described later, and a formula (Z-6) described later
- a solid-state imaging device having the cured film according to (16).
- a curable composition capable of forming a curable composition layer which is excellent in storage stability over time. Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a cured film, a solid-state imaging device, and a method of manufacturing a cured film.
- a numerical range represented using “to” means a range including numerical values described before and after “to” as the lower limit value and the upper limit value.
- the notation not describing substitution and non-substitution includes not only those containing no substituent but also those containing a substituent.
- the "alkyl group” includes not only an alkyl group containing no substituent (unsubstituted alkyl group) but also an alkyl group containing a substituent (substituted alkyl group).
- active light or “radiation” in the present specification means, for example, far ultraviolet, extreme ultraviolet (EUV), X-ray, electron beam and the like. In the present specification, light means actinic rays and radiation.
- exposure in the present specification includes not only exposure by far ultraviolet rays, X-rays, EUV and the like but also drawing by particle beams such as electron beams and ion beams.
- (meth) acrylate represents acrylate and methacrylate.
- (meth) acryl represents an acryl and a methacryl.
- (meth) acryloyl represents acryloyl and methacryloyl.
- (meth) acrylamide refers to acrylamide and methacrylamide.
- (meth) allyl represents allyl and methallyl.
- “monomer” and “monomer” are synonymous.
- a monomer is distinguished from an oligomer and a polymer and refers to a compound having a weight average molecular weight of 2,000 or less.
- a polymerizable compound refers to a compound containing a polymerizable group, and may be a monomer or a polymer.
- the polymerizable group refers to a group involved in the polymerization reaction.
- the curable composition of the present invention contains carbon black and a polymerizable compound, and the polymerizable compound is a first polymerizable compound having a ring-opening structure of ⁇ -caprolactone and a second polymerizable compound having a hydroxyl group.
- the curable composition contains carbon black.
- carbon black examples include furnace black, thermal black, channel black, lamp black and acetylene black. Among them, furnace black is preferable as carbon black.
- the carbon black may be surface-treated by a known method.
- the shape of carbon black is not particularly limited, but particulate is preferable.
- the particle size of the carbon black is not particularly limited, but the average primary particle size is preferably 1 to 200 nm, more preferably 10 to 100 nm, from the viewpoint of dispersibility and coloring.
- the average primary particle size of carbon black can be measured using a transmission electron microscope (TEM).
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- As a transmission electron microscope for example, a transmission electron microscope HT7700 manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation can be used.
- the carbon black may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the content of carbon black in the curable composition is preferably 10 to 80% by mass, more preferably 20 to 60% by mass, and still more preferably 30 to 50% by mass, based on the total solid content of the curable composition. .
- the component which can comprise a cured film is intended and a solvent is not contained.
- the carbon black can be mixed and dispersed together with a suitable dispersant, solvent and the like using a mixing apparatus such as a bead mill, ball mill or rod mill and used as a dispersion.
- a solvent used for preparation of the said dispersion liquid the solvent mentioned later as a solvent which a curable composition may contain, for example, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, 2-methyl, -2-propanol, 1-pentanol, 2-pentanol, 3-pentanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-2-butanol, neopentanol, cyclopentanol, 1-hexanol, and Alcohols, such as cyclohexanol, etc. are mentioned.
- PGMEA propylene glycol methyl ether acetate
- These solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of carbon black in the dispersion is preferably 1 to 70% by mass, and more preferably 10 to 30% by mass, with respect to the total mass of the dispersion.
- the curable composition contains a polymerizable compound.
- the polymerizable compound is a first polymerizable compound having a ring-opened structure of ⁇ -caprolactone (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “first polymerizable compound”), and a second polymerizable compound having a hydroxyl group (hereinafter, simply referred to as “second (Also referred to as “polymerizable compound”).
- the first polymerizable compound is a polymerizable compound having a ring-opened structure of ⁇ -caprolactone.
- the ring-opened structure of ⁇ -caprolactone is a structure represented by the following formula (A).
- the first polymerizable compound two structures represented by formula (A) may be linked in series.
- the first polymerizable compound may have a structure represented by Formula (B).
- m 1 or 2.
- the first polymerizable compound has a polymerizable group, and the number of polymerizable groups in the first polymerizable compound is not particularly limited, but one or more is preferable, two or more is more preferable, and three or more are preferable. More preferably, 5 or more are particularly preferred. Although the upper limit in particular is not restrict
- the polymerizable group is preferably a group containing an ethylenically unsaturated bond, and examples thereof include a vinyl group, a (meth) allyl group, and a (meth) acryloyl group.
- the structure of the first polymerizable compound is not particularly limited as long as it has a ring-opened structure of ⁇ -caprolactone, and examples thereof include trimethylolethane, ditrimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, ditrimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, and dipenta ⁇ -caprolactone modified polyfunctional (meth) obtained by esterifying polyhydric alcohol such as erythritol, tripentaerythritol, glycerin, diglycerol and trimethylolmelamine with (meth) acrylic acid and ⁇ -caprolactone ) Acrylates are preferred. Among them, the compound represented by formula (Z-1) is more preferable.
- all of the six R's are a group represented by the formula (Z-2), or 1 to 5 of the six R's are represented by the formula (Z-2) And the remainder is a group represented by formula (Z-3).
- 2 to 6 of R are preferably a group represented by formula (Z-2), and the remainder is preferably a group represented by formula (Z-3), and two of R are It is more preferable that the group be a group represented by Formula (Z-2), and the remaining (four remaining) be a group represented by Formula (Z-3).
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- m represents 1 or 2; * Represents a bonding position.
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. * Represents a bonding position.
- the content of the first polymerizable compound in the curable composition is preferably 0.1 to 30% by mass, more preferably 1 to 25% by mass, based on the total solid content of the curable composition, and 3 to 20. % By mass is more preferred.
- the first polymerizable compound may be used alone or in combination of two or more. When two or more first polymerizable compounds are used in combination, the total content is preferably within the above range.
- the second polymerizable compound is a polymerizable compound having a hydroxyl group.
- the number of hydroxyl groups in the second polymerizable compound is not particularly limited, but one or more is preferable, 1 to 3 is preferable, and one is more preferable.
- the second polymerizable compound has a polymerizable group, and the number of polymerizable groups in the second polymerizable compound is not particularly limited, but one or more is preferable, two or more is more preferable, and three or more are More preferable. Although the upper limit in particular is not restrict
- the polymerizable group is preferably a group containing an ethylenically unsaturated bond, and examples thereof include a vinyl group, a (meth) allyl group, and a (meth) acryloyl group.
- a compound selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by Formula (Z-4) and a compound represented by Formula (Z-5) is preferable.
- each E independently represents-((CH 2 ) y CH 2 O)-* 1 or-((CH 2 ) y CH (CH 3 ) O)-* 1 Represent.
- Each y independently represents an integer of 0 to 10.
- Each m independently represents an integer of 0 to 10. 1 to 3 out of four X 1 represent a (meth) acryloyl group, and the remainder represent a hydrogen atom.
- * 1 represents the bonding position on the X 1 side.
- an embodiment in which all four m's are 0 is preferable in that the effects of the present invention are more excellent, all four m's are 0, and three of four X 1 's represent a (meth) acryloyl group.
- the embodiment in which the remaining (one) represents a hydrogen atom is more preferable. That is, the compound represented by formula (Z-4-1) is more preferable.
- each E independently represents-((CH 2 ) y CH 2 O)-* 1 or-((CH 2 ) y CH (CH 3 ) O)-* 1 Represent.
- Each y independently represents an integer of 0 to 10.
- Each n independently represents an integer of 0 to 10. 1 to 5 out of six X 1 represent a (meth) acryloyl group, and the remainder represent a hydrogen atom. * 1 represents the bonding position on the X 1 side.
- an embodiment in which all six n are 0 is preferable in that the effect of the present invention is more excellent, and all six n are 0 and five of six X 1 represent a (meth) acryloyl group.
- the embodiment in which the remaining (one) represents a hydrogen atom is more preferable. That is, the compound represented by the formula (Z-5-1) is more preferable.
- the content of the second polymerizable compound in the curable composition is preferably 0.1 to 30% by mass, more preferably 1 to 25% by mass, based on the total solid content of the curable composition, and 3 to 20. % By mass is more preferred.
- the second polymerizable compound may be used alone or in combination of two or more. When two or more second polymerizable compounds are used in combination, the total content is preferably within the above range.
- the curable composition may contain other polymerizable compounds other than the first polymerizable compound and the second polymerizable compound described above.
- the polymerizable compound may further contain a third polymerizable compound which is a compound different from the first polymerizable compound and the second polymerizable compound and has a plurality of polymerizable groups.
- the curable composition contains the third polymerizable compound (in particular, a polymerizable compound having a ratio of 0.0100 or more and less than 0.0120, which is the ratio of the number of polymerizable groups divided by the molecular weight described later).
- the third polymerizable compound is a compound different from the first polymerizable compound and the second polymerizable compound. That is, the third polymerizable compound is a compound having neither the ring-opened structure of ⁇ -caprolactone nor the hydroxyl group.
- the third polymerizable compound is selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by Formula (Z-6) and a compound represented by Formula (Z-7) in that the post-development waving evaluation described later is further improved. Compounds are preferred.
- each E independently represents-((CH 2 ) y CH 2 O)-* 2 or-((CH 2 ) y CH (CH 3 ) O)-* 2 Represent.
- Each y independently represents an integer of 0 to 10.
- Each m independently represents an integer of 0 to 10.
- X 2 represents a (meth) acryloyl group. * 2 represents the bonding position on the X 2 side.
- E is-((CH 2 ) y CH 2 O)-* 2 in that the effects of the present invention are more excellent.
- all four y's are 1. That is, the compound represented by the formula (Z-6-1) is more preferable.
- All four m's are 0 or 1 and X 2 represents a (meth) acryloyl group.
- each E independently represents-((CH 2 ) y CH 2 O)-* 2 or-((CH 2 ) y CH (CH 3 ) O)-* 2 Represent.
- Each y independently represents an integer of 0 to 10.
- Each n independently represents an integer of 0 to 10.
- X 2 represents a (meth) acryloyl group. * 2 represents the bonding position on the X 2 side.
- an embodiment in which all six m's are 0 is preferable in that the effects of the present invention are more excellent. That is, the compound represented by the formula (Z-7-1) is more preferable.
- X 2 represents a (meth) acryloyl group.
- the third polymerizable compound is a compound different from the first polymerizable compound and the second polymerizable compound in that it is more excellent in the storage stability evaluation and the post-development waving evaluation, and the polymerizable group is It is preferable to contain a polymerizable compound having a plurality of polymerizable compounds, and the ratio of the number of polymerizable groups divided by the molecular weight is 0.0100 or more and less than 0.0120.
- the ratio of the number of polymerizable groups divided by the molecular weight is preferably 0.0103 to 0.0115.
- the content of the third polymerizable compound in the curable composition is preferably 0.1 to 30% by mass, more preferably 1 to 25% by mass, with respect to the total solid content of the curable composition, and 3 to 20. % By mass is more preferred.
- the third polymerizable compound may be used alone or in combination of two or more. When using 2 or more types of 3rd polymeric compounds together, it is preferable that total content is in the said range.
- the polymerizable compound may contain a polymerizable compound other than the first polymerizable compound, the second polymerizable compound, and the third polymerizable compound described above.
- the polymerizable compound as the polymerizable compound, it is preferable that at least four or more compounds be contained, since the evaluation of the stability over time and the evaluation of waving after development are more excellent.
- the curable composition contains one type of the first polymerizable compound, one type of the second polymerizable compound, and two types of the third polymerizable compound, an embodiment in which four types of compounds are contained. It corresponds to The number of kinds of the polymerizable compound in the curable composition is preferably 4 or more, more preferably 4 to 6 and still more preferably 4 to 5.
- the inclusion of the polymerizable compound having different number of polymerizable groups causes variation in molecular weight between crosslinking points in the cured film. It is presumed that the resin is easy to disperse the shrinkage stress generated in the cured film by curing.
- the curable composition it is preferable that at least three or more compounds having different numbers of polymerizable groups be contained as the polymerizable compound at a point where the evaluation of the stability over time and the evaluation of waving after development are more excellent. It is more preferable to contain 4 or more types.
- the curable composition a first polymerizable compound having six polymerizable groups, a second polymerizable compound having five polymerizable groups, a second polymerizable compound having three polymerizable groups, six polymerizations
- the third polymerizable compound having a reactive group and the third polymerizable compound having four polymerizable groups are contained, the first polymerizable compound having six polymerizable groups and the six polymerizable groups are included
- All of the third polymerizable compounds are compounds having six polymerizable groups, and therefore, the curable composition corresponds to an embodiment in which compounds having different numbers of four polymerizable groups are contained.
- the polymerizable compound is preferably a compound represented by the formula (Z-1) and a compound represented by the formula (Z-5) (preferably, the formula (Z -5-1), a compound represented by the formula (Z-6) (preferably a compound represented by the formula (Z-6-1)), a compound represented by the formula (Z-7)
- An embodiment is preferred which contains a compound represented by (preferably, a compound represented by the formula (Z-7-1).
- the polymerizable compound may contain a compound represented by the formula (Z-4) (preferably, a compound represented by the formula (Z-4-1)).
- the analysis of the components in the curable composition can be performed by combining known methods. For example, liquid chromatography mass spectrometry using electrospray ionization (preferably, positive mode) in mass spectrometry can be mentioned.
- the said curable composition may contain other components other than carbon black and a polymeric compound in the range with the effect of this invention.
- a polymerization initiator, resin, a polymerization inhibitor, surfactant, a coloring agent, a ultraviolet absorber, a silane coupling agent, and a solvent are mentioned, for example.
- optional components contained in the curable composition will be described in detail.
- the curable composition may contain a polymerization initiator.
- the kind in particular of a polymerization initiator is not restrict
- the polymerization initiator include a photopolymerization initiator and a thermal polymerization initiator, and a photopolymerization initiator is preferable.
- the polymerization initiator is also preferably selected from a polymerization initiator having no coloring and a polymerization initiator that is highly fadeable.
- a radical polymerization initiator is preferable.
- thermal polymerization initiator for example, 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), 3-carboxypropionitrile, azobismaleonitrile, and dimethyl- (2,2 ′)-azobis (2) Azo compounds such as -methyl propionate) [V-601], and organic peroxides such as benzoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, and potassium persulfate.
- AIBN 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile
- 3-carboxypropionitrile 3-carboxypropionitrile
- azobismaleonitrile azobismaleonitrile
- dimethyl- (2,2 ′)-azobis (2) Azo compounds such as -methyl propionate) [V-601]
- organic peroxides such as benzoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, and potassium persulfate.
- the curable composition preferably contains a photopolymerization initiator.
- the photopolymerization initiator is not particularly limited as long as it can initiate the polymerization of the polymerizable compound, and known photopolymerization initiators can be mentioned.
- the photopolymerization initiator for example, one having photosensitivity to an ultraviolet light region to a visible light region is preferable.
- it may be an activator that produces an action with photoexcited sensitizers to generate active radicals, and may be an initiator that initiates cationic polymerization depending on the type of the polymerizable compound.
- the curable composition contains at least one compound having a molar absorption coefficient of at least about 50 in the range of about 300 to 800 nm (more preferably 330 to 500 nm) as a photopolymerization initiator. Is preferred.
- a halogenated hydrocarbon derivative for example, one containing a triazine skeleton, one containing an oxadiazole skeleton, etc.
- an ⁇ -amino ketone compound for example, an acyl phosphine compound such as an acyl phosphine oxide
- Hexaaryl biimidazole compounds oxime compounds such as oxime derivatives, organic peroxides, thio compounds, ketone compounds, aromatic onium salts, ⁇ -amino ketone compounds (preferably ⁇ -aminoacetophenone compounds), hydroxyacetophenone, etc.
- oxime compounds such as oxime derivatives
- organic peroxides thio compounds
- ketone compounds aromatic onium salts
- ⁇ -amino ketone compounds preferably ⁇ -aminoacetophenone compounds
- hydroxyacetophenone etc.
- the curable composition preferably contains an ⁇ -amino ketone-based polymerization initiator.
- the curable composition further contains an oxime ester polymerization initiator (hereinafter, also referred to as an "oxime compound”) together with the ⁇ -amino ketone polymerization initiator in that the residual film rate described later is improved. preferable.
- photopolymerization initiator for example, an aminoacetophenone-based initiator described in JP-A No. 10-291969 and an acylphosphine-based initiator described in Japanese Patent No. 4225898 can be used. It is incorporated in the specification.
- examples of the hydroxyacetophenone compound include IRGACURE-184, DAROCUR-1173, IRGACURE-500, IRGACURE-2959, and IRGACURE-127 (trade names: all manufactured by BASF Corporation).
- Examples of the ⁇ -amino ketone compounds include IRGACURE-907, IRGACURE-369, and IRGACURE-379EG (trade names: all manufactured by BASF Corp.) which are commercially available products.
- Examples of the acyl phosphine compound include IRGACURE-819 and IRGACURE-TPO (trade names: all manufactured by BASF Corporation).
- the curable composition containing the oxime compound has better curability even when the content of the pigment is high.
- the oxime compound the compounds described in JP-A-2001-233842, the compounds described in JP-A-2000-80068, and the compounds described in JP-A-2006-342166 can be used, and the above-mentioned compounds can be used.
- the contents are incorporated herein.
- the oxime compound include 3-benzoyloxyiminobutan-2-one, 3-acetoxyiminobutan-2-one, 3-propionyloxyiminobutan-2-one, and 2-acetoxyiminopentan-3-one.
- oxime compounds include IRGACURE-OXE01 (manufactured by BASF), IRGACURE-OXE02 (manufactured by BASF), IRGACURE-OXE03 (manufactured by BASF), IRGACURE-OXE04 (manufactured by BASF), TR-PBG-304 (manufactured by BASF) Changzhou Strong Electronic New Materials Co., Ltd.), Adeka Akulles NCI-831 and Adeka Awls NCI-930 (Adeka Corporation), N-1919 (Carbazole / oxime ester skeleton-containing photoinitiator (ADEKA Corporation)), and And NCI-730 (manufactured by ADEKA Corporation).
- oxime compounds other than those described above compounds described in JP-A-2009-519904 in which an oxime is linked to the carbazole N-position; compounds described in US Pat. Compounds described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2010-15025 and US Patent Publication 2009-292039 in which a nitro group is introduced into a dye site; Compounds described in US Pat. No. 7,556,910, in the same molecule; compounds described in JP2009-221114A having an absorption maximum at 405 nm and good sensitivity to g-line light sources; Be The compounds described in paragraphs 0274 to 0275 of JP 2013-29760 A can also be used, the contents of which are incorporated herein.
- the oxime compound a compound containing a structure represented by the following formula (OX-1) is preferable.
- the oxime compound may have an (E) -form oxime compound or an (Z) -form oxime compound.
- (E) form and (Z) form may be used in combination.
- R and B each independently represent a monovalent substituent
- A represents a divalent organic group
- Ar represents an aryl group.
- a monovalent nonmetal atomic group is preferable as the monovalent substituent represented by R.
- the monovalent nonmetal atomic group include an alkyl group, an aryl group, an acyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an aryloxycarbonyl group, a heterocyclic group, an alkylthiocarbonyl group, and an arylthiocarbonyl group.
- these groups may have one or more substituents.
- the substituent mentioned above may be further substituted by the other substituent.
- a halogen atom As a substituent, a halogen atom, an aryloxy group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an aryloxy carbonyl group, an acyloxy group, an acyl group, an alkyl group, and an aryl group are mentioned, for example.
- an aryl group, a heterocyclic group, an arylcarbonyl group, or a heterocyclic carbonyl group is preferable, and an aryl group or a heterocyclic group is preferable. More preferable.
- These groups may have one or more substituents.
- the substituent is the same as the substituent described above.
- an alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a cycloalkylene group or an alkynylene group is preferable. These groups may have one or more substituents. Examples of the substituent include the substituents described above.
- the oxime compound containing a fluorine atom can also be used.
- Specific examples of the oxime compound containing a fluorine atom include compounds described in JP-A-2010-262028; compounds 24 and 36 to 40 described in JP-A-2014-500852; and compounds described in JP-A-2013-164471. (C-3); and the like. This content is incorporated herein.
- R 1 and R 2 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, or R 7 represents an arylalkyl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, and when R 1 and R 2 are phenyl groups, the phenyl groups may combine to form a fluorene group, and R 3 and R 4 are each independently Represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, an arylalkyl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms or a heterocyclic group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, and X represents a single bond or carbonyl Represents a group.
- R 1, R 2, R 3 and R 4 have the same meanings as R 1, R 2, R 3 and R 4 in Formula (1)
- R 5 is -R 6, -OR 6, -SR 6, -COR 6, -CONR 6 R 6, -NR 6 COR 6, -OCOR 6, -COOR 6, -SCOR 6, -OCSR 6, -COSR 6, -CSOR 6, -CN
- halogen R 6 represents an atom or a hydroxyl group
- R 6 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, an arylalkyl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms or a heterocyclic group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms
- X represents a single bond or a carbonyl group, and a represents an integer of 0 to 4.
- R 1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, or an aryl having 7 to 30 carbon atoms.
- R 3 and R 4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, an arylalkyl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, or 4 carbon atoms And a heterocyclic group of ⁇ 20, and X represents a single bond or a carbonyl group.
- R 1, R 3 and R 4 have the same meanings as R 1, R 3 and R 4 in the formula (3)
- R 5 is, -R 6, -OR 6, -SR 6, -COR 6 , -CONR 6 R 6 , -NR 6 COR 6 , -OCOR 6 , -COOR 6 , -SCOR 6 , -OCSR 6 , -COSR 6 , -CSOR 6 , -CN, a halogen atom or a hydroxyl group
- R 6 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, an arylalkyl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms or a heterocyclic group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms
- X represents a single bond or Represents a carbonyl group, and a represents an integer of 0 to 4;
- R 1 and R 2 are preferably each independently a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an i-propyl group, a cyclohexyl group or a phenyl group.
- R 3 is preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, a phenyl group, a tolyl group or a xylyl group.
- R 4 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a phenyl group.
- R 5 is preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, a phenyl group, a tolyl group or a naphthyl group.
- R 1 is preferably each independently a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an i-propyl group, a cyclohexyl group or a phenyl group.
- R 3 is preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, a phenyl group, a tolyl group or a xylyl group.
- R 4 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a phenyl group.
- R 5 is preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, a phenyl group, a tolyl group or a naphthyl group.
- X is preferably a single bond.
- Specific examples of the compounds represented by the formulas (1) and (2) include, for example, compounds described in paragraphs 0076 to 0079 of JP-A-2014-137466. This content is incorporated herein by reference.
- oxime compound preferably used for the said curable composition is shown below.
- the compounds described in Table 1 of WO 2015-036910 can also be used, and the above contents are incorporated herein.
- the oxime compound preferably has a maximum absorption wavelength in a wavelength range of 350 to 500 nm, more preferably a maximum absorption wavelength in a wavelength range of 360 to 480 nm, and still more preferably a high absorbance at 365 nm and 405 nm.
- the molar absorption coefficient of the oxime compound at 365 nm or 405 nm is preferably 1,000 to 300,000, more preferably 2,000 to 300,000, and still more preferably 5,000 to 200,000.
- the molar absorptivity of the oxime compound can be measured by a known method.
- the content of the polymerization initiator in the curable composition is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1 to 20% by mass with respect to the total solid content of the curable composition.
- the polymerization initiator may be used alone or in combination of two or more. When two or more types of polymerization initiators are used in combination, the total content is preferably within the above range.
- the curable composition may contain a resin.
- a resin a dispersing agent, and alkali-soluble resin etc. are mentioned, for example.
- the content of the resin in the curable composition is not particularly limited, it is preferably 5 to 45% by mass with respect to the total solid content of the curable composition.
- the resins may be used alone or in combination of two or more. When two or more resins are used in combination, the total content is preferably within the above range
- the said curable composition contains a dispersing agent (it corresponds to resin).
- Dispersants function primarily as dispersants for carbon black and other colorants, particularly pigments.
- the content of the dispersing agent in the curable composition is not particularly limited, but the total solid content of the curable composition is that the curable composition has more excellent temporal stability and more excellent patternability. 5 to 40% by mass is preferable with respect to the minutes.
- the dispersant may be used alone or in combination of two or more. When two or more dispersants are used in combination, the total content is preferably within the above range.
- the dispersant is not particularly limited, and known dispersants can be used.
- a dispersing agent a polymeric dispersing agent is mentioned, for example.
- the polymer dispersant for example, polyamidoamine and its salt, polycarboxylic acid and its salt, high molecular weight unsaturated acid ester, modified polyurethane, modified polyester, modified poly (meth) acrylate, (meth) acrylic copolymer And naphthalene sulfonic acid formalin condensates.
- the dispersing agent polyoxyethylene alkyl phosphate, polyoxyethylene alkylamine, and a pigment derivative are also mentioned.
- a polymer compound is preferable as the dispersing agent.
- the polymer compounds can be further classified into linear polymers, terminal modified polymers, graft polymers, and block polymers according to their structures.
- the polymer compound adsorbs to the surface of the carbon black or pigment and acts to prevent reaggregation of the carbon black or pigment. Therefore, terminal-modified polymers, grafted polymers (containing polymer chains), and block polymers, which contain anchor sites on the carbon black or pigment surface, are preferred.
- the polymer compound preferably contains a structural unit containing a graft chain.
- structural unit is synonymous with “repeating unit”.
- the high molecular compound containing the structural unit containing such a graft chain has the outstanding affinity with a solvent.
- a polymer compound containing a structural unit containing a graft chain has an excellent affinity to a solvent, so it is easier to disperse carbon black or pigment, and time after dispersing carbon black or pigment Even after the initial dispersion state is less likely to change.
- the polymer compound containing a structural unit containing a graft chain contains a graft chain, it has a better affinity to the polymerizable compound described later and / or other components and the like.
- a polymer compound containing a structural unit containing a graft chain is less likely to produce a residue caused by an unreacted polymerizable compound or the like during alkali development described later.
- the number of atoms of the graft chain (excluding the hydrogen atom) is preferably 40 to 10,000, more preferably 50 to 2,000, and still more preferably 60 to 500.
- the term "graft chain” is intended from the root of the main chain of the polymer compound (the atom bonded to the main chain in a group branched from the main chain) to the end of the group branched from the main chain.
- the graft chain is preferably a polymer chain containing a polymer structure.
- the polymer structure contained in the polymer chain is not particularly limited, and, for example, poly (meth) acrylate structure (eg, poly (meth) acrylic structure), polyester structure, polyurethane structure, polyurea structure, polyamide structure, and poly Ether structure is mentioned.
- the polymer chain has a polyester structure, a polyether structure, and a poly (meth) acrylate structure in that the polymer chain has a further excellent affinity with the solvent and the polymer compound is more likely to disperse carbon black or a pigment. It is preferable to contain at least one selected from the group consisting of and more preferably to contain at least one selected from the group consisting of a polyester structure and a polyether structure.
- Examples of commercially available macromonomers corresponding to structural units containing a polymer chain contained in a polymer compound and which can be used for the synthesis of a polymer compound include, for example, AA-6, AA-10, AB-6, AS -6, AN-6, AW-6, AA-714, AY-707, AY-714, AK-5, AK-30, and AK-32 (all are trade names, manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd.) Brenmer PP-100, Brenmer PP-500, Brenmer PP-800, Brenmer PP-1000, Brenmer 55-PET-800, Brenmer PME-4000, Brenmer PSE-400, Brenmer PSE-1300, and Brenmer 43 PAPE -600 B (all are trade names and manufactured by NOF Corporation) and the like.
- the dispersant preferably contains at least one structure selected from the group consisting of methyl polyacrylate, polymethyl methacrylate and cyclic or chain polyester, and polymethyl methacrylate and polymethacrylic acid. It is more preferable to contain at least one structure selected from the group consisting of methyl and linear polyesters, and a polymethyl acrylate structure, a polymethyl methacrylate structure, a polycaprolactone structure, and a polyvalerolactone structure It is further preferred to contain at least one structure selected from the group consisting of The dispersant may contain the structure alone in the molecule alone, or may contain a plurality of these structures in the molecule.
- polycaprolactone structure refers to one containing a structure in which ⁇ -caprolactone is ring-opened as a repeating unit.
- polyvalerolactone structure refers to one containing a structure in which ⁇ -valerolactone is ring-opened as a repeating unit.
- the polymer compound preferably contains a hydrophobic structural unit different from the structural unit containing a graft chain (ie, not corresponding to a structural unit containing a graft chain).
- a hydrophobic structural unit is a structural unit that does not contain an acid group (for example, a carboxylic acid group, a sulfonic acid group, a phosphoric acid group, and a phenolic hydroxyl group).
- the hydrophobic structural unit is preferably a (corresponding) structural unit derived from a compound (monomer) having a C log P value of 1.2 or more described later, and a structural unit derived from a compound having a C log P value of 1.2 to 8.0 is More preferable.
- ClogP values are from Daylight Chemical Information System, Inc. Is a value calculated by the program "CLOGP” available from This program provides the value of "computed logP” calculated by the fragment approach of Hansch, Leo (see the following document). The fragment approach is based on the chemical structure of the compound, dividing the chemical structure into substructures (fragments) and estimating the logP value of the compound by summing the logP contributions assigned to the fragment. The details are described in the following documents. In the present invention, the ClogP value calculated by the program CLOGP v4.82 is used. A. J. Leo, Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry, Vol. 4, C.I. Hansch, P .; G. Sammnens, J.J. B. Taylor and C. A.
- log P means the common logarithm of partition coefficient P (Partition Coefficient), and it quantitatively determines how an organic compound is distributed in the equilibrium of oil (generally 1-octanol) and water. Is a physical property value represented as a numerical value, and is represented by the following equation.
- logP log (Coil / Cwater)
- Coil represents the molar concentration of the compound in the oil phase
- Cwater represents the molar concentration of the compound in the aqueous phase.
- the polymer compound preferably contains a functional group capable of forming an interaction with carbon black or a pigment. That is, the polymer compound preferably further contains a structural unit containing a functional group capable of forming an interaction with carbon black or a pigment.
- the functional group capable of forming an interaction with the carbon black or pigment include, for example, an acid group, a basic group, a coordinating group, and a functional group having reactivity.
- the polymer compound contains an acid group, a basic group, a coordinating group, or a functional group having reactivity, a structural unit containing an acid group, a structural unit containing a basic group, It is preferable to contain a structural unit containing a reactive group or a structural unit having reactivity.
- the polymer compound containing an acid group has higher affinity to the solvent described later. Therefore, the curable composition containing the high molecular compound containing an acidic radical has more excellent coatability.
- This is a polymer compound in which an acid group in a structural unit containing an acid group easily interacts with carbon black or a pigment, and a polymer compound stably disperses carbon black or a pigment and also disperses carbon black or a pigment. The reason is presumed to be that the viscosity of the polymer is lowered and the polymer compound itself is also easily dispersed stably.
- the structural unit containing an alkali-soluble group as an acid group may be the same as or different from the structural unit containing a graft chain described above.
- a structural unit containing an alkali-soluble group as an acid group intends a structural unit different from the above-mentioned hydrophobic structural unit (that is, it does not correspond to the above-mentioned hydrophobic structural unit).
- the acid group include a carboxylic acid group, a sulfonic acid group, a phosphoric acid group, and a phenolic hydroxyl group, and a carboxylic acid group, a sulfonic acid Group, and at least one member selected from the group consisting of phosphoric acid groups is preferable, and it is a carboxylic acid in that it has more excellent adsorptivity to carbon black or pigment and the like, and has more excellent dispersibility. Groups are more preferred. That is, the polymer compound preferably further contains a structural unit containing at least one selected from the group consisting of a carboxylic acid group, a sulfonic acid group, and a phosphoric acid group.
- the polymer compound may have one or more structural units containing an acid group.
- the polymer compound may or may not contain a structural unit containing an acid group.
- the content of the structural unit containing an acid group in the polymer compound is preferably 5 to 80% by mass with respect to the total mass of the polymer compound, and the damage to the image strength due to alkali development is further suppressed. 10 to 60% by mass is more preferable.
- a basic group for example, a primary amino group, a secondary amino group, a tertiary amino group, a heterocycle containing an N atom, And amido groups.
- tertiary amino groups are preferred because they have better adsorptivity to carbon black or pigments and better dispersibility.
- the polymer compound may contain one basic group singly or two or more basic groups.
- the polymer compound may or may not contain a structural unit containing a basic group.
- the content of the structural unit containing a basic group in the polymer compound is preferably 0.01 to 50% by mass with respect to the total mass of the polymer compound, and the developability with which the curable composition is more excellent ( 0.01 to 30% by mass is more preferable in that the alkali development is less likely to be inhibited.
- the coordinating group and the functional group having reactivity for example, acetyl acetoxy group, trialkoxysilyl group, isocyanate group, acid anhydride group And acid chloride groups and the like.
- an acetyl acetoxy group is preferable in that it has more excellent adsorptivity to carbon black or pigment and is more easily dispersed in carbon black or pigment.
- the polymer compound may contain a coordinating group and one functional group having reactivity alone, or may contain two or more.
- the polymer compound may or may not contain either a structural unit containing a coordinating group or a structural unit containing a functional group having reactivity.
- the content of the structural unit containing a coordinating group and the functional group having reactivity in the polymer compound is preferably 10 to 80% by mass with respect to the total mass of the polymer compound, and the curability is The composition is more preferably 20 to 60% by mass from the viewpoint of more excellent developability (alkali development is less inhibited).
- the content of the structural unit containing a functional group capable of forming an interaction with carbon black or pigment in the polymer compound is determined by the interaction with carbon black or pigment, the temporal stability, and the permeability to the developer. From the viewpoint, 0.05 to 90% by mass is preferable, 1.0 to 80% by mass is more preferable, and 10 to 70% by mass is more preferable with respect to the total mass of the polymer compound.
- the polymer compound mutually interacts with a structural unit containing a graft chain, a hydrophobic structural unit, and a carbon black or a pigment as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- other structural units for example, structural units containing a functional group having an affinity for a solvent used in the dispersion composition, etc.
- structural units derived from radically polymerizable compounds selected from the group consisting of acrylonitriles and methacrylonitriles can be mentioned.
- the polymer compound may contain one or more other structural units alone.
- the content of the other structural unit in the polymer compound is preferably 0% to 80% by mass, and more preferably 10 to 60% by mass, with respect to the total mass of the polymer compound.
- the content of other structural units is 0 to 80% by mass, the curable composition has more excellent patternability.
- the acid value of the polymer compound is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0 to 250 mg KOH / g, more preferably 10 to 200 mg KOH / g, and still more preferably 20 to 120 mg KOH / g.
- the acid value of the polymer compound can be calculated, for example, from the average content of acid groups in the polymer compound.
- a polymer compound having a desired acid value can be obtained by changing the content of the structural unit containing an acid group in the polymer compound.
- the weight average molecular weight of the polymer compound is GPC (Gel Permeation Chromatography: gel permeation chromatography) in that the curable composition has excellent developability and the resulting colored film is less likely to peel off in the developing step.
- GPC Gel Permeation Chromatography: gel permeation chromatography
- a polystyrene conversion value by the graphy method is preferably 4,000 to 300,000, more preferably 5,000 to 200,000, still more preferably 6,000 to 100,000, and particularly preferably 10,000 to 50,000. preferable.
- the GPC method is based on HLC-8020GPC (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) using TSKgel SuperHZM-H, TSKgel SuperHZ4000, TSKgel SuperHZ 2000 (Tosoh, 4.6 mm ID ⁇ 15 cm) as columns, and THF (tetrahydrofuran) as an eluent.
- the polymer compound can be synthesized based on a known method.
- polymer compound examples include “DA-7301” manufactured by Kushimoto Chemical Co., Ltd., “Disperbyk-101 (polyamide amine phosphate), 107 (carboxylic acid ester), 110 (acid group-containing copolymer” manufactured by BYK Chemie ), 111 (phosphate based dispersant), 130 (polyamide), 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 170, 190 (polymer copolymer), “BYK-P104, P105 (high molecular weight non-polymer)” Saturated polycarboxylic acid) ", EFKA 4047, 4050 to 4010 to 4165 (polyurethane based), EFKA 4330 to 4340 (block copolymer), 4400 to 4402 (modified polyacrylate), 5010 (polyester amide), 5765 (manufactured by EFKA) High molecular weight polycarboxylates), 6220 (fatty acid polys ), 6745 (P
- NIKKOL T106 polyoxyethylene sorbitan mono
- MYS-IEX polyoxyethylene monostearate
- Hinoac T-8000 E manufactured by Kawaken Fine Chemicals Co., Ltd.
- Organicosiloxane polymer KP 341 manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., manufactured by Yusho W001: cationic surfactant ", polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, polyoxyethylene stearyl ether, polyoxyethylene oleyl ether, polyoxyethylene octyl phenyl ether, polyoxyethylene nonyl phenyl ether, polyethylene glycol dilaurate, polyethylene glycol distearate And nonionic surfactants such as sorbitan fatty acid ester, anionic surfactants such as “W004, W005, W017”, “Morita Sangyo“ EFKA-46, EFKA-47, EFKA-47EA, EFKA polymer
- Acrybase FFS-6752, Acrybase FFS-187, Acrycure-RD-F8, and Cyclomer P can be used.
- a graft copolymer of paragraphs 0037 to 0115 of JP 2010-106268 A (corresponding paragraph 0075 to 0133 of US 2011/0124824) can also be used, and the contents thereof are described in the present specification.
- a dispersing agent it contains the side chain structure which the acidic group of Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No.2011-153283, Paragraph 0028-0084 (Paragraph 0075-0133 of corresponding US 2011/027759) couple
- Polymeric compounds containing components can also be used, the contents of which are incorporated herein.
- resins described in paragraphs 0033 to 0049 of JP-A-2016-109763 can also be used, and the contents thereof are incorporated in the present specification.
- the curable composition preferably contains an alkali-soluble resin (corresponding to a resin).
- alkali soluble resin is intended a resin that dissolves in an alkaline solution.
- the content of the alkali-soluble resin in the curable composition is not particularly limited, but the content of the alkali-soluble resin is 0.5 to the total solid content of the curable composition in that the curable composition has more excellent patterning properties. 30 mass% is preferable.
- the alkali-soluble resin may be used alone or in combination of two or more. When using 2 or more types of alkali-soluble resin together, it is preferable that total content is in the said range.
- the alkali-soluble resin preferably has a curable group.
- a curable group a polymerizable group is preferable.
- a polymeric group the group illustrated by the polymeric group which the said 1st polymeric compound has is mentioned.
- the alkali-soluble resin preferably has a cardo structure.
- alkali-soluble resin examples include resins containing at least one alkali-soluble group in the molecule, and examples thereof include polyhydroxystyrene resin, polysiloxane resin, (meth) acrylic resin, (meth) acrylamide resin, and (meth) acrylic resin. / (Meth) acrylamide copolymer resin, an epoxy resin, and a polyimide resin etc. are mentioned.
- alkali-soluble resin examples include copolymers of unsaturated carboxylic acids and ethylenically unsaturated compounds.
- the unsaturated carboxylic acid is not particularly limited, but monocarboxylic acids such as (meth) acrylic acid, crotonic acid and vinyl acetic acid; dicarboxylic acids such as itaconic acid, maleic acid and fumaric acid or acid anhydride thereof And polyvalent carboxylic acid monoesters such as phthalic acid mono (2- (meth) acryloyloxyethyl); and the like.
- Examples of the copolymerizable ethylenically unsaturated compound include methyl (meth) acrylate and the like. Further, the compounds described in paragraph 0027 of JP-A-2010-97210 and paragraphs 0036 to 0037 of JP-A-2015-68893 can also be used, and the above contents are incorporated in the present specification.
- an ethylenically unsaturated compound which can be copolymerized Comprising: You may use combining the compound containing an ethylenically unsaturated group in a side chain.
- a (meth) acrylic acid group is preferable.
- the acrylic resin containing an ethylenically unsaturated group in the side chain is, for example, an addition reaction of an ethylenically unsaturated compound containing a glycidyl group or an alicyclic epoxy group to a carboxylic acid group of an acrylic resin containing a carboxylic acid group. You can get it.
- alkali-soluble resin for example, JP-A-59-44615, JP-B-54-34327, JP-B-58-12577, JP-B-54-25957, JP-A-54-92723, JP-A-59- Radical polymers containing a carboxylic acid group in the side chain as described in JP-A-59-3836 and JP-A-59-71048; European Patent No. 993966, European Patent No. 1204000, and JP-A No. 2001-318463 Acetal-modified polyvinyl alcohol-based binder resin containing an alkali-soluble group described in each publication such as U.S.
- alkali-soluble resin for example, the compounds described in paragraphs 0225 to 0245 of JP-A-2016-75845 can also be used, and the above contents are incorporated herein.
- a polyimide precursor can also be used as alkali-soluble resin.
- the polyimide precursor intends a resin obtained by the addition polymerization reaction of a compound containing an acid anhydride group and a diamine compound at 40 to 100 ° C.
- the curable composition may contain a polymerization inhibitor.
- a polymerization inhibitor unintended polymerization of the polymerizable compound can be suppressed in the curable composition, and the curable composition has more excellent temporal stability. Moreover, since the unintended polymerization of the polymerizable compound in the curable composition is suppressed, the curable composition also has more excellent patternability.
- polymerization inhibitor examples include phenolic polymerization inhibitors (eg, p-methoxyphenol, 2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 4,4'-thiobis (3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis (4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), 4-methoxynaphthol etc .; hydroquinone polymerization inhibitor (Eg, hydroquinone and 2,6-di-tert-butylhydroquinone etc.); quinone type polymerization inhibitors (eg, benzoquinone etc.); free radical type polymerization inhibitors (eg, 2,2,6,6) -Tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl free radical and 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-Ox Le free radicals, etc.); nitrobenzene-based polymerization inhibitor (e.g., nitrobenzene, and
- a phenol-based polymerization inhibitor or a free radical-based polymerization inhibitor is preferable in that the curable composition has more excellent effects of the present invention.
- the above-mentioned polymerization initiator may be mixed with other components at the time of preparation of the curable composition, and those used in the synthesis of the above-mentioned resin, etc. are mixed with the other components together with the above-mentioned resin. May be
- the content of the polymerization inhibitor in the curable composition is not particularly limited, but the total solid content of the curable composition is that the curable composition has more excellent temporal stability and more excellent curability. 0.00001 to 1% by mass is preferable with respect to the minutes.
- the polymerization inhibitor may be used alone or in combination of two or more. When two or more polymerization inhibitors are used in combination, the total content is preferably within the above range.
- the curable composition may contain a surfactant. Curable compositions containing surfactants have better coatability.
- surfactant a fluorine-type surfactant, nonionic surfactant, cationic surfactant, anionic surfactant, and silicone surfactant are mentioned, for example.
- the liquid properties (in particular, the flowability) of the curable composition are further improved. That is, when a curable composition layer is formed on a substrate using a curable composition containing a fluorine-based surfactant, the interfacial tension between the substrate and the curable composition is reduced to wet the substrate. The properties are improved and the coatability of the curable composition is improved. Therefore, even when a curable composition layer of about several ⁇ m is formed with a small amount of liquid, it is possible to form a curable composition layer having a more uniform thickness with less thickness unevenness.
- the fluorine content in the fluorine-based surfactant is not particularly limited, but is preferably 3 to 40% by mass, more preferably 5 to 30% by mass, and still more preferably 7 to 25% by mass.
- a curable composition layer having a more uniform thickness can be formed, and as a result, curing
- the sex composition has better liquid saving properties. Moreover, it exists in the said range, it is easier to melt
- fluorine-based surfactants include Megafac F171, F172, F173, F176, F177, F141, F142, F143, F44, R30, F437, F475, F479, and the like. Same F482, same F554, same F780 (above, DIC Corporation), Florard FC430, same FC431, same FC171 (above, Sumitomo 3M Co., Ltd.), Surfron S-382, same SC-101, same SC- 103, SC-104, SC-105, SC1068, SC-381, SC-383, S393, KH-40 (all manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.), PF636, PF656, PF6320, PF6520, And PF7002 (manufactured by OMNOVA) and the like.
- a block polymer can also be used as the fluorine-based surfactant, and for example, a compound can be used as described in JP-A No. 2011-89090, and the above contents are
- the content of the surfactant in the curable composition is not particularly limited, but preferably 0.001 to 2.0% by mass with respect to the total solid content of the curable composition.
- the surfactant may be used alone or in combination of two or more. When two or more surfactants are used in combination, the total amount is preferably within the above range.
- the curable composition may contain a colorant.
- carbon black is not included in the colorant.
- coloring agent various known pigments (coloring pigments) and dyes (coloring dyes) can be used.
- pigments inorganic pigments and organic pigments can be mentioned.
- a coloring agent may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together.
- the type of inorganic pigment is not particularly limited, and known inorganic pigments may be mentioned.
- inorganic pigments include zinc flower, lead white, lithopone, titanium oxide, chromium oxide, iron oxide, precipitated barium sulfate and barite powder, red lead, iron oxide red, yellow lead, zinc yellow (zinc yellow 1 type, Zinc yellow 2), ultramarine blue, Prussian blue (ferrous iron potassium) zircon gray, praseodymium yellow, chromium titanium yellow, chromium green, peacock, Victoria green, bitumen blue (independent of Prussian blue), vanadium zirconium blue Chrome tin pink, pottery test pink, and salmon pink etc. are mentioned.
- metal oxides containing at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ru, Fe, Ni, Sn, Ti, and Ag, metal Nitrogenous substances and metal oxynitrides can be mentioned.
- titanium black or a metal pigment is preferable in that a colored film having a high optical density can be formed even if the content is small, and the post-development waving evaluation and the residual film rate evaluation described later are more excellent In terms of point, titanium black is more preferable.
- the metal pigment for example, a metal oxide containing at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Nb, V, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ru, Fe, Ni, Sn, Ti, and Ag And metal nitrides and metal oxynitrides.
- color index (CI) pigment yellow 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 24 , 31, 32, 34, 35, 35: 1, 36, 36: 1, 37, 37, 1, 40, 42, 43, 53, 55, 60, 61, 62, 63, 65, 73, 74, 77 81, 83, 86, 93, 94, 95, 97, 98, 100, 101, 104, 108, 109, 110, 113, 114, 115, 117, 118, 119, 120, 123, 125 , 126, 127, 128, 129, 137, 138, 139, 147, 148, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 161, 162, 164, 166, 167, 168 169,170,171,172,173,174,175,176,177,179,180,181,182,185,187,188,193,194,199,213,214,
- pigments may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- dyes examples include, for example, JP-A 64-90403, JP-A 64-91102, JP-A 1-94301, JP-A 6-11614, JP-B 2592 207, and US Pat. No. 4,808,501.
- the disclosed dyes can be used, the contents of which are incorporated herein.
- pyrazole azo compounds When the dyes are classified by chemical structure, pyrazole azo compounds, pyrromethene compounds, anilino azo compounds, triphenylmethane compounds, anthraquinone compounds, benzylidene compounds, oxonol compounds, pyrazolotriazole azo compounds, pyridone azo compounds, cyanine compounds, phenothiazine compounds, and A pyrazole azomethine compound etc. can be used.
- a dye multimer may be used. Examples of the dye multimer include compounds described in JP-A-2011-213925 and JP-A-2013-041097.
- polymerizable dyes having a polymerizable group in the molecule can also be used, and examples of commercially available products include RDW series manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- the colorant may further contain an infrared absorber.
- the infrared absorber intends the component different from the inorganic particle mentioned above.
- the infrared absorbing agent means a compound having the function of absorbing light of a wavelength in the infrared region (preferably, a wavelength of 650 to 1300 nm).
- the infrared absorber is preferably a compound having a maximum absorption wavelength in the wavelength range of 675 to 900 nm.
- Examples of compounds having such spectral characteristics include pyrrolopyrrole compounds, copper compounds, cyanine compounds, phthalocyanine compounds, iminium compounds, thiol complex compounds, transition metal oxide compounds, squalilium compounds, naphthalocyanine compounds, and quatarylene compounds. And dithiol metal complex compounds and croconium compounds.
- Examples of the colorant having the spectral characteristics include compounds described in paragraphs 0004 to 0016 of JP-A 07-164729, compounds described in paragraphs 0027 to 0062 of JP-A 2002-146254, and JP-A-2002-146254. It is also possible to use near-infrared absorbing particles comprising crystallites of oxides containing Cu and / or P described in paragraphs 0034 to 0067 of 2011-164583 and having a number average aggregate particle diameter of 5 to 200 nm, The contents of are incorporated herein by reference.
- the compound having a maximum absorption wavelength in the wavelength range of 675 to 900 nm is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of cyanine compounds, pyrrolopyrrole compounds, squarylium compounds, phthalocyanine compounds, and naphthalocyanine compounds.
- dissolves 1 mass% or more in 25 degreeC water is preferable, and the compound which melt
- the pyrrolopyrrole compounds can be referred to paragraphs 0049 to 0062 of JP-A-2010-222557, the contents of which are incorporated herein.
- Cyanine compounds and squarylium compounds are described in paragraphs 0022 to 0063 of WO 2014/088063, paragraphs 0053 to 0118 of WO 2014/030628, paragraphs 0028 to 0074 of JP-A 2014-59550, WO 2012 / Paragraphs 0013-0091 of JP-A-169447, Paragraphs 0019-0033 of JP-A-2015-176046, Paragraphs 0053-0099 of JP-A-2014-63144, Paragraphs 0085-0150 of JP-A 2014-52431, JP-A Paragraphs 0076 to 0124 of 2014, Paragraphs 0045 to 0078 of JP 2012-8532, Paragraphs 0027 to 0067 of JP 2015-172102, Paragraph 002 of JP 2015-172004 A JP-A-2015-40895, Paragraphs 0029-0085, JP-A-2014-126642, Paragraphs 0022-0036, JP-A
- the content of the coloring agent in the curable composition is not particularly limited, but generally, 0.0001 to 70% by mass is preferable with respect to the total solid content of the curable composition.
- the colorant may be used alone or in combination of two or more. When two or more colorants are used in combination, the total content is preferably in the above range.
- the curable composition may contain a UV absorber.
- the cured film obtained by the curable composition containing the ultraviolet absorber has a more excellent pattern shape (fine pattern shape).
- ultraviolet absorbers such as salicylate type, benzophenone type, benzotriazole type, substituted acrylonitrile type, and triazine type can be used.
- the ultraviolet light absorber for example, the compounds described in paragraphs [0137] to [0142] of JP 2012-068418 (corresponding to paragraphs [0251 to 0254] of corresponding US 2012/0068292) can be used, and the above contents are incorporated herein.
- UV absorber diethylamino-phenylsulfonyl ultraviolet absorber (manufactured by Daito Kagaku Co., Ltd., trade name: UV-503) can also be used.
- the ultraviolet absorber the compounds described in paragraphs 0134 to 0148 of JP 2012-32556 A can also be used, and the above contents are incorporated in the present specification.
- the content of the UV absorber in the curable composition is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.001 to 15% by mass, and more preferably 0.01 to 10% by mass, with respect to the total solid content of the curable composition. More preferably, 0.1 to 5% by mass is more preferable.
- the curable composition may contain a silane coupling agent.
- a silane coupling agent intends a compound containing the following hydrolyzable groups and other functional groups in the molecule.
- the hydrolyzable group is intended to be a substituent which is directly bonded to a silicon atom and can form a siloxane bond by hydrolysis reaction and / or condensation reaction.
- Examples of the hydrolyzable group include a halogen atom, an alkoxy group, an acyloxy group, and an alkenyloxy group directly linked to a silicon atom.
- the hydrolyzable group contains a carbon atom, the carbon number thereof is preferably 6 or less, more preferably 4 or less.
- an alkoxy group having 4 or less carbon atoms or an alkenyloxy group having 4 or less carbon atoms is preferable.
- the silane coupling agent preferably contains neither a silicon atom other than a silicon atom to which a hydrolyzable group is bonded, nor a fluorine atom.
- the content of the silane coupling agent in the curable composition is preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass, and more preferably 0.5 to 8% by mass, relative to the total solid content in the curable composition. 1.0 to 6% by mass is more preferable.
- the silane coupling agent may be used alone or in combination of two or more. When using 2 or more types of silane coupling agents together, it is preferable that total content is in the said range.
- the curable composition preferably contains a solvent.
- the solvent is not particularly limited, and known solvents can be used.
- the content of the solvent in the curable composition is not particularly limited, but in general, the solid content concentration of the curable composition is preferably adjusted to be 10 to 90% by mass, preferably 10 to 50% by mass. It is more preferable to be adjusted to
- the solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more. When using 2 or more types of solvents together, it is preferable to adjust so that the total solid of a curable composition may become in the said range.
- a solvent water or an organic solvent is mentioned, for example.
- the organic solvent include acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexane, ethyl acetate, ethylene dichloride, tetrahydrofuran, toluene, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, acetylacetone , Cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, diacetone alcohol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol ethyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol monoisopropyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, 3-methoxypropanol, methoxymethoxyethanol, diethylene glycol mono Ethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol dio
- solvents preferably, organic solvents having a boiling point of 170 ° C. or higher are preferable in that in-plane uniformity evaluation described later is more excellent.
- the upper limit of the boiling point of the solvent is not particularly limited, but is preferably 300 ° C. or less, more preferably 250 ° C. or less from the viewpoint of handleability.
- the curable composition can be prepared by mixing the above-mentioned components by a known mixing method (for example, a mixing method using a stirrer, a homogenizer, a high pressure emulsifying device, a wet crusher, a wet disperser, etc.).
- a mixing method for example, a mixing method using a stirrer, a homogenizer, a high pressure emulsifying device, a wet crusher, a wet disperser, etc.
- each component may be blended at one time, or each component may be sequentially blended after being dissolved or dispersed in a solvent.
- the order of introduction and working conditions at the time of blending are not particularly limited.
- the curable composition is preferably filtered through a filter for the purpose of removing foreign matter and reducing defects.
- the filter is not particularly limited, and known filters can be used.
- the material of the filter is not particularly limited, but, for example, a fluorine resin such as PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), a polyamide resin such as nylon, and a polyolefin resin such as polyethylene or polypropylene (PP) And the like.
- a fluorine resin such as PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene)
- a polyamide resin such as nylon
- PP polyolefin resin
- filters made of polypropylene (including high density polypropylene) or nylon are preferable.
- the pore size of the filter is not particularly limited, but generally 0.1 to 7.0 ⁇ m is preferable, 0.2 to 2.5 ⁇ m is more preferable, 0.2 to 1.5 ⁇ m is more preferable, and 0.3 to 0 .7 ⁇ m is particularly preferred.
- different filters may be combined. At this time, the filtering with the first filter may be performed only once or may be performed twice or more.
- the pore size of the filter used for the second filtering is preferably the same or larger than the pore size of the filter used for the first filtering. Also, filters of the same material but different pore sizes may be combined.
- the pore size here can refer to the nominal value of the filter manufacturer.
- Examples of commercially available filters include Nippon Paul Co., Ltd., Advantec Toyo Kaisha Ltd., Nippon Entegris Co., Ltd. (formerly Nippon Microlith Co., Ltd.) (formerly Nippon Microlith Co., Ltd.), Kitz Micro Filter Co., Ltd., and the like.
- the second filter may be formed of the same material as the first filter.
- the pore diameter of the second filter is not particularly limited, but generally 0.2 to 10.0 ⁇ m is preferable, 0.2 to 7.0 ⁇ m is more preferable, and 0.3 to 6.0 ⁇ m is still more preferable.
- the curable composition preferably contains substantially no impurities such as metals (particles and ions), metal salts containing halogen, acids, and alkalis. In addition, in this specification, that it does not contain substantially means that it can not detect by the following measuring method.
- the content of the curable composition, the component, and the impurities contained in the filter and the like is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 mass ppm or less, more preferably 1 mass ppb or less, based on the total mass.
- the mass ppt or less is more preferable, 10 mass ppt or less is particularly preferable, and substantially no inclusion is most preferable.
- the content of the above-mentioned impurities can be measured by an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (manufactured by Yokogawa Analytical Systems, Agilent 7500cs type).
- ppm represents parts per million
- ppb represents parts per billion
- ppt represents parts per trillion.
- the cured film according to the embodiment of the present invention is a cured film obtained by curing the above-mentioned curable composition.
- the thickness of the cured film is not particularly limited, but in general, 0.2 to 7 ⁇ m is preferable, and 0.4 to 5 ⁇ m is more preferable.
- the thickness is an average thickness, and it is a value obtained by measuring the thickness of any five or more points of the cured film and arithmetically averaging them.
- the manufacturing method in particular of a cured film is not restrict
- the said curable composition is apply
- the method of curing treatment is not particularly limited, and photo curing treatment or heat curing treatment may be mentioned, and light curing treatment (in particular, curing treatment by irradiation with an actinic ray or radiation) is preferable from the viewpoint of easy pattern formation. .
- the cured film according to the embodiment of the present invention is a cured film obtained by curing the curable composition layer formed using the above-mentioned curable composition. Although it does not restrict
- a curable composition layer formation process is a process of forming a curable composition layer using the said curable composition.
- a process of forming a curable composition layer using a curable composition the process of apply
- the type of the substrate is not particularly limited, but when it is used as a solid-state imaging device, for example, a silicon substrate is mentioned, and when it is used as a color filter (including a color filter for solid-state imaging device), a glass substrate (glass wafer) etc. Can be mentioned.
- the curable composition can be applied onto a substrate by various methods such as spin coating, slit coating, inkjet, spray coating, spin coating, cast coating, roll coating, and screen printing. Coating methods.
- the curable composition applied on the substrate is usually dried at 70 to 150 ° C. for about 1 to 4 minutes to form a curable composition layer.
- the curable composition layer formed in the curable composition layer forming step is exposed to light by irradiation with actinic rays or radiation through a photomask provided with a pattern-like opening. Only the curable composition layer is cured.
- the exposure is preferably performed by irradiation with radiation, and it is preferable to use ultraviolet rays such as g-rays, h-rays and i-rays.
- a high pressure mercury lamp is preferable.
- the irradiation intensity is not particularly limited but is preferably 5 ⁇ 1500mJ / cm 2, more preferably 10 ⁇ 1000mJ / cm 2.
- development processing (Development process) is performed to elute the unexposed part in the exposure step into a developer.
- the developer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include alkaline aqueous solutions such as inorganic alkaline developers and organic alkaline developers, and among them, organic alkaline developers are preferable.
- the development conditions are not particularly limited, but the development temperature is generally preferably 20 to 40 ° C., and the development time is generally preferably 20 to 180 seconds.
- the alkaline compound contained in the inorganic alkaline developer include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, sodium borate and sodium metaborate.
- the content of the alkaline compound in the inorganic alkaline developer is not particularly limited, but generally 0.001 to 10% by mass, preferably 0.005 to 0.5 mass, based on the total mass of the inorganic alkaline developer. % Is more preferable.
- an alkaline compound contained in an organic alkali developing solution for example, ammonia, ethylamine, diethylamine, dimethylethanolamine, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetraethylammonium hydroxide, tetrapropylammonium hydroxide, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, Examples include benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide, choline, pyrrole, piperidine, and 1,8-diazabicyclo- [5,4,0] -7-undecene.
- the content of the alkaline compound in the organic alkaline developer is not particularly limited, but generally 0.001 to 10% by mass, preferably 0.005 to 0.5 mass, with respect to the total mass of the organic alkaline developer. % Is more preferable.
- the aqueous alkali solution may contain, for example, a water-soluble organic solvent such as methanol and ethanol.
- a surfactant may be contained in the alkaline aqueous solution.
- the manufacturing method of a cured film may contain another process. There is no restriction
- the other steps for example, the surface treatment step of the substrate, the preheating step (pre-baking step), the post-heating step (post-baking step), the post-exposure step (exposure to light and re-exposure after development), etc. are mentioned.
- the heating temperature in the preheating step and the postheating step is preferably 80 to 300 ° C.
- the heating time in the preheating step and the postheating step is preferably 30 to 300 seconds.
- irradiation intensity is not particularly limited but is preferably 5 ⁇ 1500mJ / cm 2, more preferably 10 ⁇ 1000mJ / cm 2.
- the cured film is a portable device such as a personal computer, a tablet, a mobile phone, a smartphone, and a digital camera; a multifunction printer, an OA (Office Automation) device such as a scanner; a surveillance camera, a barcode reader, an automatic cash deposit Industrial equipment such as ATM (automated teller machine), high-speed camera, and equipment having a personal identification function using face image authentication; automotive camera equipment; endoscope, capsule endoscope, and Medical camera devices such as catheters; Biosensors, Biosensors, Cameras for military reconnaissance cameras, Cameras for stereographic maps, Weather and marine observation cameras, Land resource search cameras, Search cameras for astronomy and deep space targets in space Optical equipment used for space equipment; etc.
- OA Office Automation
- Filter and the light blocking member and the light-shielding film of the module further is suitable for anti-reflection member and the antireflection film.
- "light shielding" using a cured film may also include light attenuation that allows the cured film to pass while attenuating light.
- the said cured film can be used also for uses, such as micro LED (Light Emitting Diode) and micro OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode).
- the said cured film is suitable for the member which provides a light shielding function or a reflection preventing function other than the optical filter used for micro LED and micro OLED, an optical film, etc.
- micro LEDs and micro OLEDs include those described in JP-A-2015-500562 and JP-A-2014-533890.
- the said cured film is suitable as an optical and optical film used for a quantum dot display. Moreover, it is suitable as a member which provides a light shielding function and a reflection preventing function. Examples of quantum dot displays are disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2013/0335657, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0036536, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0036203, and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0035960 Those mentioned are mentioned.
- the cured film is also preferably used as a light shielding member and / or a light shielding film of a headlight unit used for a vehicle headlamp such as a car. Moreover, it is also preferable to use for an anti-reflective member, an anti-reflective film, etc.
- a solid-state imaging device and a solid-state imaging device according to an embodiment of the present invention contain the above-described cured film.
- the form in which the solid-state imaging device contains a cured film is not particularly limited.
- the light receiving area of a solid-state imaging device charge coupled device (CCD) image sensor, complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor, etc.
- CCD charge coupled device
- CMOS complementary metal oxide semiconductor
- the solid-state imaging device contains the above-described solid-state imaging device.
- the solid-state imaging device 100 includes a rectangular solid-state imaging device 101, and a transparent cover glass 103 held above the solid-state imaging device 101 and sealing the solid-state imaging device 101. There is. Furthermore, on the cover glass 103, a lens layer 111 is provided so as to overlap via a spacer 104.
- the lens layer 111 is composed of a support 113 and a lens material 112.
- the lens layer 111 may have a configuration in which the support 113 and the lens material 112 are integrally formed.
- a light shielding film 114 is provided to shield the peripheral region of the lens layer 111 from light.
- the cured film according to the embodiment of the present invention can also be used as the light shielding film 114.
- the solid-state imaging device 101 photoelectrically converts an optical image formed by the imaging unit 102 serving as the light receiving surface and outputs the image as an image signal.
- the solid-state imaging device 101 includes a laminated substrate 105 in which two substrates are laminated.
- the laminated substrate 105 is composed of a rectangular chip substrate 106 and a circuit substrate 107 of the same size, and the circuit substrate 107 is laminated on the back surface of the chip substrate 106.
- the material of the substrate used as the chip substrate 106 is not particularly limited, and known materials can be used.
- An imaging unit 102 is provided at the center of the surface of the chip substrate 106.
- a dark current (noise) is generated from the circuit in the peripheral region, and the peripheral region is shielded by the light shielding film 115 provided.
- the cured film according to the embodiment of the present invention can also be used as the light shielding film 115.
- a plurality of electrode pads 108 are provided at the surface edge of the chip substrate 106.
- the electrode pad 108 is electrically connected to the imaging unit 102 via a signal line (not shown) (which may be a bonding wire) provided on the surface of the chip substrate 106.
- each external connection terminal 109 is connected to the electrode pad 108 through the penetration electrode 110 which penetrates the lamination substrate 105 perpendicularly. Further, each external connection terminal 109 is connected to a control circuit that controls the driving of the solid-state imaging device 101, an image processing circuit that performs image processing on an imaging signal output from the solid-state imaging device 101, etc. It is done.
- the imaging unit 102 includes components provided on the substrate 204 such as the light receiving element 201, the color filter 202, and the microlens 203.
- the color filter 202 includes a blue pixel 205 b, a red pixel 205 r, a green pixel 205 g, and a black matrix 205 bm.
- the cured film according to the embodiment of the present invention can also be used as the black matrix 205bm.
- a material of the substrate 204 As a material of the substrate 204, the same material as the chip substrate 106 described above can be used.
- a p well layer 206 is formed on the surface of the substrate 204.
- light receiving elements 201 which are n type layers and generate and accumulate signal charges by photoelectric conversion are arranged and formed in a square lattice shape.
- a vertical transfer path 208 formed of an n-type layer is formed on one side of the light receiving element 201 via the readout gate portion 207 on the surface layer of the p well layer 206. Further, on the other side of the light receiving element 201, a vertical transfer path 208 belonging to an adjacent pixel is formed via an element isolation region 209 formed of a p-type layer.
- the read gate unit 207 is a channel region for reading out the signal charge stored in the light receiving element 201 to the vertical transfer path 208.
- a gate insulating film 210 made of an ONO (Oxide-Nitride-Oxide) film is formed on the surface of the substrate 204.
- a vertical transfer electrode 211 made of polysilicon or amorphous silicon is formed so as to cover the vertical transfer path 208, the read gate portion 207, and the element isolation region 209 almost immediately.
- the vertical transfer electrode 211 functions as a drive electrode that drives the vertical transfer path 208 to perform charge transfer, and a read electrode that drives the read gate unit 207 to read a signal charge.
- the signal charges are sequentially transferred from the vertical transfer path 208 to a horizontal transfer path and an output unit (floating diffusion amplifier) not shown, and then output as a voltage signal.
- a light shielding film 212 is formed on the vertical transfer electrode 211 so as to cover the surface thereof.
- the light shielding film 212 has an opening at a position immediately above the light receiving element 201, and shields the other regions.
- the cured film according to the embodiment of the present invention can also be used as the light shielding film 212.
- a transparent intermediate layer formed of an insulating film 213 made of borophospho silicate glass (BPSG), an insulating film (passivation film) 214 made of P-SiN, and a planarizing film 215 made of a transparent resin or the like is provided on the light shielding film 212.
- BPSG borophospho silicate glass
- passivation film insulating film
- planarizing film 215 made of a transparent resin or the like
- a method of applying the cured film to a solid-state imaging device solid-state imaging device
- a method of using a cured film (light-shielding film) as a light attenuating film, etc. may be mentioned.
- the black matrix contains the cured film according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- the black matrix may be contained in color filters, solid-state imaging devices, and liquid crystal displays.
- As the black matrix those already described above; black edges provided on the periphery of a display device such as a liquid crystal display device; grids between red, blue and green pixels and / or stripes Black portions; dot-like and / or linear black patterns for light shielding of TFT (thin film transistor); and the like.
- TFT thin film transistor
- the black matrix has a high light-shielding property (optical density OD) in order to improve the display contrast, and in the case of an active matrix drive liquid crystal display device using thin film transistors (TFTs), to prevent image quality deterioration due to light current leakage. It is preferred to have more than 3).
- the method for producing the black matrix is not particularly limited, but it can be produced by the same method as the method for producing a cured film described above.
- a curable composition can be applied to a substrate to form a curable composition layer, exposed, and developed to produce a patterned cured film (black matrix).
- the thickness of the cured film used as the black matrix is preferably 0.1 to 4.0 ⁇ m.
- the material of the substrate is not particularly limited, but preferably has a transmittance of 80% or more to visible light (wavelength: 400 to 800 nm).
- a material specifically, for example, glass such as soda lime glass, non-alkali glass, quartz glass, and borosilicate glass; plastics such as polyester resin and polyolefin resin; From the viewpoint of chemical resistance and heat resistance, alkali-free glass, quartz glass and the like are preferable.
- the color filter according to the embodiment of the present invention contains a cured film. Although it does not restrict
- the color filter containing the black matrix (cured film) can be produced, for example, by the following method. First, a coating (resin composition layer) of a resin composition containing a pigment corresponding to each colored pixel of a color filter is formed in the opening of a pattern-like black matrix formed on a substrate. Next, the resin composition layer is exposed to light through a photomask having a pattern corresponding to the opening of the black matrix. Next, after removing the unexposed area by development, a baking process can be performed to form colored pixels in the opening of the black matrix. A color filter having red, green and blue pixels can be produced by performing a series of operations using, for example, resin compositions for each color containing red, green and blue pigments.
- An image display device contains a cured film.
- the form in which the image display device (typically, a liquid crystal display device is mentioned and the liquid crystal display device is described below) contains a cured film is not particularly limited, but the black matrix (cured film) described above The form containing the color filter to contain is mentioned.
- liquid crystal display device As a liquid crystal display device concerning this embodiment, a form provided with a pair of substrates arranged facing, and a liquid crystal compound enclosed between those substrates is mentioned, for example.
- the substrate is as described above for the black matrix.
- liquid crystal display device for example, from the user side, polarizing plate / substrate / color filter / transparent electrode layer / alignment film / liquid crystal layer / alignment film / transparent electrode layer / TFT (Thin Film Transistor) element Examples include laminates containing a / substrate / polarizer / backlight unit in this order.
- the liquid crystal display device is not limited to the above, and, for example, “Electronic display device (authored by Akio Sasaki, published by Industry Research Association 1990)”, “Display device (Sumiaki Ibuki, authored by Sangyo Tosho Co., Ltd.) A liquid crystal display device described in “Annual Publications” and the like.
- a liquid crystal display device described in “Next-Generation Liquid Crystal Display Technology Edited by Tatsuo Uchida, Inc., Industrial Research Association, Inc. 1994)” may be mentioned.
- Carbon black was produced by a conventional oil furnace method. However, as the raw material oil, combustion was performed using a gaseous fuel using an ethylene bottom oil having a small amount of Na, Ca and S. Furthermore, pure water treated with ion exchange resin was used as the reaction termination water. The obtained carbon black (540 g) was stirred with pure water (14500 g) at 5,000 to 6,000 rpm for 30 minutes using a homomixer to obtain a slurry.
- This slurry was transferred to a container with a screw stirrer, and while mixing at about 1,000 rpm, toluene (600 g) in which an epoxy resin "Epicoat 828" (made by Japan Epoxy Resin) (60) was dissolved was added little by little. In about 15 minutes, all the carbon black dispersed in water was transferred to the toluene side to form particles of about 1 mm. Next, after draining with a 60 mesh wire mesh, the separated particles were placed in a vacuum dryer and dried at 70 ° C. for 7 hours to remove toluene and water. The resin coating amount of the obtained coated carbon black was 10% by mass with respect to the total amount of carbon black and resin.
- Disperbyk-167 manufactured by Bick Chemie Co., Ltd.
- S12000 manufactured by Lubrizol
- PGMEA Propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate
- C-1 carbon black dispersion composition
- ⁇ Bead diameter ⁇ 0.05 mm
- Bead packing rate 75% by volume
- Mill circumferential speed 8m / sec -Amount of mixed solution to be dispersed: 500 g
- Circulating flow rate pump supply rate
- Processing solution temperature 25 to 30 ° C
- Cooling water Tap water
- Bead mill annular passage internal volume 0.15 L -Number of passes: 90 passes
- Carbon Black Dispersion Composition Color carbon black ("MA-8” manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, average particle diameter 24 ⁇ m, DBP (dibutyl phthalate) oil absorption amount 58 ml / 100 g) (25 parts by mass), EFKA 4046 (manufactured by BASF) as a dispersant (5 (Mass part), S12000 (manufactured by Lubrisol Corporation) (1 mass part) was added as a pigment derivative, and further, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA) was added so that the solid content concentration became 30 mass%. The total mass of the dispersion was 181 g. The obtained dispersion was sufficiently stirred by a stirrer and premixed.
- PGMEA propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate
- the dispersion was subjected to dispersion treatment under the following conditions using Ultra Apex Mill UAM 015 manufactured by Kotobuki Industry Co., Ltd. to obtain a dispersion composition. After completion of the dispersion, the beads and the dispersion were separated by a filter to prepare a carbon black dispersion composition (C-2).
- Carbon Black Dispersion Composition (C-3) Alkali-soluble resin (b-1) (4.5 parts by mass) described later with respect to the coated carbon black (20 parts by mass) prepared in the above ⁇ Preparation of carbon black dispersion composition (C-3)>, pigment As a derivative, S12000 (manufactured by Lubrizol) (1 part by mass) was added, and propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA) was added so that the solid content concentration would be 35% by mass. The obtained dispersion was sufficiently stirred by a stirrer and premixed. Furthermore, the dispersion was subjected to dispersion treatment under the following conditions using Ultra Apex Mill UAM 015 manufactured by Kotobuki Industry Co., Ltd.
- the specific resin 1 was obtained with reference to the manufacturing method of paragraphs 0338 to 0340 of JP-A-2010-106268.
- x was 90% by mass
- y was 0% by mass
- z was 10% by mass.
- the weight average molecular weight of the specific resin 1 was 40,000
- the acid value was 100 mg KOH / g
- the number of atoms in the graft chain (excluding hydrogen atoms) was 117.
- Titanium Black Dispersion Composition 100 g of titanium oxide MT-150A (trade name: manufactured by Tayca Corporation) with an average particle diameter of 15 nm, 25 g of silica particles AEROPERL (registered trademark) 300/30 (manufactured by Evonik) with a BET surface area of 300 m 2 / g, One hundred grams of the agent Disperbyk 190 (trade name: manufactured by Bick Chemie) was weighed, and these were added to 71 g of ion-electrically exchanged water.
- the mixture was treated with a KURABO MAZERSTAR KK-400W at a revolution speed of 1360 rpm and a rotation speed of 1047 rpm for 20 minutes to obtain a mixture aqueous solution.
- the mixture aqueous solution was filled in a quartz container and heated to 920 ° C. in an oxygen atmosphere using a small rotary kiln (manufactured by Motoyama Co., Ltd.). Thereafter, the atmosphere in the small rotary kiln was replaced with nitrogen, and the nitriding reduction treatment was carried out by flowing ammonia gas at 100 mL / min for 5 hours at the same temperature into the small rotary kiln. After completion, the powder collected is ground in a mortar to contain Si atoms, and a powdery titanium black A-1 [a dispersion containing titanium black particles and Si atoms. Specific surface area: 73 m 2 / g] was obtained.
- Specific resin 1 (5.5 parts by mass) is added as a dispersant to titanium black A-1 (20 parts by mass) prepared above, and propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (solid content concentration becomes 35% by mass) PGMEA was added.
- the obtained dispersion was sufficiently stirred by a stirrer and premixed.
- the dispersion was subjected to dispersion treatment under the following conditions using Ultra Apex Mill UAM 015 manufactured by Kotobuki Industry Co., Ltd. to obtain a dispersion composition. After completion of the dispersion, the beads and the dispersion were separated by a filter to prepare a titanium black dispersion composition (T-1).
- the “ratio (molecular weight / number of polymerizable groups) obtained by dividing the molecular weight by the number of polymerizable groups” of the compound corresponding to the third polymerizable compound is shown.
- M-4" and M-5" in Table 1 the ratio of the molecular weight divided by the number of polymerizable groups of the compound corresponding to the third polymerizable compound in M-4 and M-5 ( "Molecular weight / number of polymerizable groups)" is shown.
- the solution was gradually heated while keeping the solution cloudy, and was completely dissolved by heating to 120 ° C.
- the solution gradually became clear and viscous, but stirring was continued.
- the acid value was measured, and heating and stirring were continued until it was less than 1.0 mg-KOH / g. It took 12 hours for the acid value to reach the target.
- the solution was cooled to room temperature to obtain bisphenol fluorene type epoxy acrylate.
- propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate 300 g is added to the obtained bisphenol fluorene type epoxy acrylate (617.0 g) and dissolved, and then biphenyl-3,3 ', 4,4'-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (73.5 g) and tetraethylammonium bromide (1 g) were mixed, and the temperature was gradually raised to react at 110 to 115 ° C. for 4 hours. After confirming the disappearance of the acid anhydride group, 1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride (38.0 g) is mixed, reacted at 90 ° C.
- Epoxy compound of the above structure (epoxy equivalent 264) (50 g), acrylic acid (13.65 g), methoxybutyl acetate (60.5 g), triphenylphosphine (0.936 g), and paramethoxyphenol (0.032 g)
- the mixture was placed in a flask equipped with a thermometer, a stirrer and a condenser, and allowed to react with stirring until the acid value became 5 mg KOH / g or less at 90.degree. The reaction took 12 hours to obtain an epoxy acrylate solution.
- TMP trimethylolpropane
- BPDA biphenyltetracarboxylic acid dianhydride
- THPA tetrahydrophthalic anhydride
- tetrahydrophthalic anhydride (145 parts by mass) is further added to the reaction vessel, and reacted for 4 hours at 120 ° C., solid content 50 mass%, acid value 100 mg KOH / g, polystyrene equivalent weight average molecular weight measured by GPC ( Mw 2600 alkali-soluble resin (b-3) (carboxyl group-containing epoxy (meth) acrylate resin (b-3)) was obtained.
- ⁇ Silane coupling agent> AD-1 SH6040 (made by Toray Dow Corning)
- SF-1 F-475 (manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc.)
- A-1 4-Methoxyphenol
- the prepared curable composition is applied on an 8-inch silicon substrate by spin coating so that the film thickness after exposure becomes 2.0 ⁇ m, and the coating is heated for 120 seconds using a hot plate at 100 ° C.
- the treatment pre-baking
- the treatment was performed to obtain a curable composition layer.
- the number of defects of 0.5 ⁇ m or more on the surface of the curable composition layer was inspected using a defect inspection apparatus ComPLUS (manufactured by Applied Materials).
- the formed curable composition layer is drawn for 72 hours at a temperature of 23 ° C. and a humidity of 45% environment, and then, again, it is cured using the defect inspection apparatus ComPLUS (manufactured by Applied Materials).
- the number of defects of 0.5 ⁇ m or more on the surface of the composition layer was inspected, and the difference in the number of defects before and after the placement (the number of defects after the placement-the number of defects before the placement) was calculated. Defects were evaluated from the following viewpoints, and it was determined that A to B have no problem in practical use. (Evaluation criteria) A: There is no problem in practical use when the difference in the number of defects is 50 or less. B: The difference between the number of defects is more than 50 and less than 300, and there is no problem in practical use. C: The difference in the number of defects is more than 300, which is a practically problematic level.
- ⁇ Defect evaluation> The prepared curable composition is applied on an 8-inch silicon substrate by spin coating so that the film thickness after exposure becomes 2.0 ⁇ m, and the coating is heated for 120 seconds using a hot plate at 100 ° C. The treatment (pre-baking) was performed to obtain a curable composition layer. Thereafter, the number of defects of 0.5 ⁇ m or more on the surface of the curable composition layer was inspected using a defect inspection apparatus ComPLUS (manufactured by Applied Materials). Defect evaluation was performed from the following viewpoints. (Evaluation criteria) A: There is no problem in practical use when the number of defects is 100 or less. B: The number of defects is greater than 100 and less than 300 and there is no problem in practical use. C: The number of defects is more than 300, and there is a practically problematic level.
- ⁇ In-plane uniformity evaluation> A curable composition layer was formed by the same procedure as in ⁇ Defect evaluation>. Next, using an i-line stepper exposure apparatus FPA-3000i5 + (Canon Co., Ltd.), the entire area of the substrate was exposed at an exposure of 200 mJ / cm 2 to obtain a cured film. The film thickness of the cured film was measured at 56 points using a contact film thickness meter (Dektak), and 3 ⁇ thereof was calculated. The in-plane uniformity was evaluated from the following viewpoints. (Evaluation criteria) A: 3 ⁇ is 0.1 ⁇ m or less B: 3 ⁇ is 0.1 ⁇ m or more and less than 0.5 ⁇ m C: 3 ⁇ is 0.5 ⁇ m or more
- the curable composition layer after exposure was subjected to paddle development for 30 seconds at 23 ° C. using a 0.3% aqueous solution of tetramethylammonium hydroxide. Thereafter, rinse treatment is performed with a spin shower, and the resultant is further rinsed with pure water to obtain a cured film in the form of a pattern having a linear pattern with a width of 100 ⁇ m.
- ⁇ Residue evaluation> The silicon substrate having the patterned cured film produced in ⁇ Formation of patterned cured film> was confirmed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the film surface of the developed portion was observed. The residue was evaluated from the following viewpoints. (Evaluation criteria) A: The residue is not found in the substrate, and there is no problem in practical use. B: Residues are found in several places in the substrate, and there is no problem in practical use. C: Residue is partially found in the substrate, and practically no problem except in the substrate. D: Residue is found on the entire surface of the substrate, and there is a problem level. E: The film remains on the development area and can not be used
- the undercut was evaluated from the following viewpoints. (Evaluation criteria) A: The undercut is 3 ⁇ m or less and there is no problem in practical use. B: Undercut is greater than 3 ⁇ m and less than 5 ⁇ m, and there is no problem in practical use. C: Undercut is more than 5 ⁇ m and less than 10 ⁇ m, and there is no problem in practical use. D: A level at which undercuts are larger than 10 ⁇ m and there is a problem in practical use.
- ⁇ Evaluation of post-development waving> A heat treatment (post-baking) was further performed on the patterned cured film produced in ⁇ Formation of patterned cured film> above using a hot plate at 200 ° C. for 300 seconds. After that, using the optical microscope MT-3600LW (manufactured by FLOVEL), the appearance of the pattern edge of the cured film was confirmed, and the line width of the cured film in pattern form was measured at 255 points to calculate 3 ⁇ of the line width. .
- the post-development waving was evaluated from the following viewpoints. (Evaluation criteria) A: No waviness is observed at the pattern edge, and there is no problem in practical use at 3 ⁇ ⁇ 1 ⁇ m. B: Slight waving is observed at the pattern edge, but there is no problem in practical use at 3 ⁇ ⁇ 5 ⁇ m. C: Rippling is observed at the pattern edge or a practically problematic level at 3 ⁇ > 5 ⁇ m.
- Residual film ratio (%) (film thickness of cured film obtained after development) / (film thickness of exposed portion of the curable composition layer before development) ⁇ 100 (Evaluation criteria)
- the “content (% by mass)” of each component in Tables 2 to 4 represents the content (% by mass) of each component with respect to the total solid content of the curable composition.
- the "remaining part" of the "alkali-soluble resin” column means components other than the alkali-soluble resin (for example, carbon black, titanium black, photopolymerization start, etc.) from the total solid (100% by mass) in each example and comparative example. Content (% by mass) of total amount of agents, polymerizable compounds, silane coupling agents, surfactants, polymerization inhibitors, and dispersants in carbon black dispersion composition or titanium book dispersion composition) Intended.
- the compound represented by Formula (Z-1) and the compound represented by Formula (Z-5) (preferably, the compound represented by Formula (Z-5) -1), a compound represented by formula (Z-6) (preferably a compound represented by formula (Z-6-1)), and a table represented by formula (Z-7) It was confirmed that the embodiment containing the compound to be treated (preferably, the compound represented by the formula (Z-7-1)) is preferable. Moreover, from the comparison with Example 1 and 3, when using an oxime ester-type polymerization initiator, it was confirmed that residual film rate evaluation is more excellent.
- Example 7 From the comparison of Examples 7 and 8, it was confirmed that undercut evaluation is more excellent when an ⁇ -amino ketone type polymerization initiator is used. Further, according to the comparison between Example 7 and Examples 13 to 14, the first polymerizable compound is a compound represented by the formula (Z-1), and two out of six R's are the above-mentioned formula (Z-2). In the case of a compound represented by the formula: and the remainder being a group represented by the above formula (Z-3), it was confirmed that the residue evaluation is more excellent. From the comparison of Examples 7 and 17 to 21, it was confirmed that the in-plane uniformity evaluation was more excellent when the solvent having a boiling point of 170 ° C. or more was used. Further, from the comparison between Examples 7 and 35, it was confirmed that the post-development waving evaluation and the residual film rate evaluation were more excellent when using titanium black.
- a lens film was formed by the following operation.
- [1. Formation of resin film] Add 1% by mass of arylsulfonium salt derivative (SP-172 manufactured by ADEKA) to a curable composition for a lens (alicyclic epoxy resin (EHPE-3150 manufactured by Daicel Chemical Co., Ltd.) to make a composition (2 mL) (5 ⁇ ) It apply
- the coating rotational speed of spin coating is adjusted so that the film thickness of the curable composition layer is 2.0 ⁇ m, and the curable composition of the example is uniformly coated on the glass substrate on which the resin film is formed.
- the resulting curable composition layer was exposed at an exposure dose of 500 mJ / cm 2 through a photomask having a hole pattern of 10 mm.
- the curable composition layer after exposure was subjected to paddle development at a temperature of 23.degree. C. for 60 seconds using a 0.3% by mass aqueous solution of tetramethylammonium hydroxide. Thereafter, rinsing was carried out with a spin shower, and further rinsing with pure water was carried out to obtain a cured film in the form of a pattern at the periphery of the glass substrate.
- a curable composition for lenses (alicyclic epoxy resin (EHPE-3150 manufactured by Daicel Chemical Co., Ltd.) and an arylsulfonium salt derivative (SP-172 manufactured by ADEKA) in an amount of 1 mass on a glass substrate having a patterned cured film formed thereon % And using the composition to form a curable resin layer, transfer the shape with a quartz mold having a lens shape, and cure it with a high pressure mercury lamp at an exposure dose of 400 mJ / cm 2 to obtain a wafer.
- a wafer level lens array having a plurality of level lenses was manufactured.
- the manufactured wafer level lens array was cut, and a lens module was manufactured, and then a solid-state imaging device and a sensor substrate were attached to manufacture a solid-state imaging device.
- the obtained wafer level lens had no residue in the lens opening and had good transparency, and the uniformity of the coated surface of the cured film portion was high, and the light shielding property was high.
- solid-state imaging device 101 solid-state imaging device 102: imaging unit 103: cover glass 104: spacer 105: laminated substrate 106: chip substrate 107: circuit substrate 108 ... electrode pad 109 ... external connection terminal 110 ... penetrating electrode 111 ... lens layer 112 ... lens material 113 ... support 114, 115 ... light shielding film 201 ... light receiving element 202: color filter 201: light receiving element 202: color filter 203: microlens 204: substrate 205b: blue pixel 205r: red pixel 205g: green pixel 205bm,. Black matrix 206 p well layer 207 read gate portion 208 vertical transfer path 209 element isolation region 210 Over gate insulating film 211 ... vertical transfer electrodes 212 ... light shielding film 213 ... insulating film 215 ... flattening film
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Abstract
Description
上記のようなカーボンブラックを含有する硬化性組成物として、カーボンブラック及びジペンタエリスリトールポリアクリレート化合物を含有する感光性樹脂組成物が開示されている。
本発明者らは、特許文献1に記載された硬化性組成物について検討したところ、硬化性組成物を用いて硬化性組成物層を形成した後、長時間にわたり引き置きした際に、硬化性組成物層に欠陥が発生することを知見した。以後、硬化性組成物層形成後、引き置きした際に欠陥が発生しづらいことを、引き置き経時安定性に優れるという。
また、本発明は、硬化膜、固体撮像装置、及び、硬化膜の製造方法を提供することも課題とする。
重合性化合物が、ε-カプロラクトンの開環構造を有する第1重合性化合物と、水酸基を有する第2重合性化合物とを含有する、硬化性組成物。
(2) 重合性化合物が、更に、第1重合性化合物及び第2重合性化合物とは異なる化合物であって、重合性基を複数有する第3重合性化合物を含有する、(1)に記載の硬化性組成物。
(3) 第3重合性化合物が、第1重合性化合物及び第2重合性化合物とは異なる化合物であって、重合性基を複数有し、かつ、重合性基数を分子量で除した比が0.0100以上0.0120未満である重合性化合物を含有する、(2)に記載の硬化性組成物。
(4) 重合性化合物として、少なくとも4種以上の化合物が含有される、(1)~(3)のいずれかに記載の硬化性組成物。
(5) 重合性化合物として、重合性基の数が異なる化合物が少なくとも3種以上含有される、(1)~(4)のいずれかに記載の硬化性組成物。
(6) 重合性化合物として、重合性基の数が異なる化合物が少なくとも4種以上含有される、(1)~(5)のいずれかに記載の硬化性組成物。
(7) 第1重合性化合物が、後述する式(Z-1)で表される化合物である、(1)~(6)のいずれかに記載の硬化性組成物。
(8) 6つのRのうち2つが後述する式(Z-2)で表される基であり、残余が後述する式(Z-3)で表される基である、(7)に記載の硬化性組成物。
(9) 第2重合性化合物が、後述する式(Z-4)で表される化合物及び後述する式(Z-5)で表される化合物からなる群から選択される、(1)~(8)のいずれかに記載の硬化性組成物。
(10) 重合性化合物が、後述する式(Z-1)で表される化合物と、後述する式(Z-5)で表される化合物と、後述する式(Z-6)で表される化合物と、後述する式(Z-7)で表される化合物とを含有する、(1)~(9)のいずれかに記載の硬化性組成物。
(11) 更に、α-アミノケトン系重合開始剤を含有する、(1)~(10)のいずれかに記載の硬化性組成物。
(12) 更に、オキシムエステル系重合開始剤を含有する、(1)~(11)のいずれかに記載の硬化性組成物。
(13) 更に、硬化性基を有し、かつ、カルド構造を有するアルカリ可溶性樹脂を含有する、(1)~(12)のいずれかに記載の硬化性組成物。
(14) 更に、沸点が170℃以上の溶剤を含有する、(1)~(13)のいずれかに記載の硬化性組成物。
(15) 更に、チタンブラックを含有する、(1)~(14)のいずれかに記載の硬化性組成物。
(16) (1)~(15)のいずれかに記載の硬化性組成物を硬化させて得られた硬化膜。
(17) (16)に記載の硬化膜を有する固体撮像装置。
(18) (1)~(15)のいずれかに記載の硬化性組成物を用いて硬化性組成物層を形成する工程と、
硬化性組成物層を露光する工程と、
露光された硬化性組成物層を現像液で現像する工程と、を有する硬化膜の製造方法。
また、本発明によれば、硬化膜、固体撮像装置、及び、硬化膜の製造方法を提供できる。
以下に記載する構成要件の説明は、本発明の代表的な実施態様に基づいてなされることがあるが、本発明はそのような実施態様に限定されるものではない。
なお、本明細書において、「~」を用いて表される数値範囲は、「~」の前後に記載される数値を下限値及び上限値として含む範囲を意味する。
また、本明細書における基(原子団)の表記において、置換及び無置換を記していない表記は、置換基を含有しないものと共に置換基を含有するものをも包含するものである。例えば、「アルキル基」とは、置換基を含有しないアルキル基(無置換アルキル基)のみならず、置換基を含有するアルキル基(置換アルキル基)をも包含する。
また、本明細書中における「活性光線」又は「放射線」とは、例えば、遠紫外線、極紫外線(EUV:Extreme ultraviolet)、X線、並びに電子線等を意味する。また本明細書において光とは、活性光線及び放射線を意味する。本明細書中における「露光」とは、特に断らない限り、遠紫外線、X線、並びにEUV等による露光のみならず、電子線及びイオンビーム等の粒子線による描画も包含する。
また、本明細書において、「(メタ)アクリレート」はアクリレート及びメタアクリレートを表す。また、本明細書において、「(メタ)アクリル」はアクリル及びメタアクリルを表す。また、本明細書において、「(メタ)アクリロイル」は、アクリロイル及びメタクリロイルを表す。また、本明細書において、「(メタ)アクリルアミド」は、アクリルアミド及びメタアクリルアミドを表す。また、本明細書において、「(メタ)アリル」は、アリル及びメタアリルを表す。また、本明細書中において、「単量体」と「モノマー」とは同義である。単量体は、オリゴマー及びポリマーと区別され、重量平均分子量が2,000以下の化合物をいう。本明細書中において、重合性化合物とは、重合性基を含有する化合物のことをいい、単量体であっても、ポリマーであってもよい。重合性基とは、重合反応に関与する基をいう。
上記硬化性組成物において所望の効果が得られる理由の詳細は明らかではないが、所定の2種の重合性化合物を用いることによりカーボンブラックの硬化性組成物層中においてカーボンブラックの凝集が抑えられると共に、重合性化合物同士の相分離も抑制されたためと推測される。
以下では、硬化性組成物が含有する各成分について説明する。
硬化性組成物は、カーボンブラックを含有する。
カーボンブラックとしては、例えば、ファーネスブラック、サーマルブラック、チャンネルブラック、ランプブラック、及び、アセチレンブラックが挙げられる。
中でも、カーボンブラックとしては、ファーネスブラックが好ましい。
また、カーボンブラックは、公知の方法により表面処理が施されていてもよい。
カーボンブラックの粒子径は特に制限はないが、分散性及び着色性の点から、平均一次粒子径が、1~200nmが好ましく、10~100nmがより好ましい。
なお、カーボンブラックの平均一次粒子径は、透過型電子顕微鏡(Transmission Electron Microscope、TEM)を用いて測定できる。透過型電子顕微鏡としては、例えば、日立ハイテクノロジーズ社製の透過型電子顕微鏡HT7700を使用できる。
透過型電子顕微鏡を用いて得た粒子像の最大長(Dmax:粒子画像の輪郭上の2点における最大長さ)、及び最大長垂直長(DV-max:最大長に平行な2本の直線で画像を挟んだ時、2直線間を垂直に結ぶ最短の長さ)を測長し、その相乗平均値(Dmax×DV-max)1/2を粒子径とする。この方法で100個の粒子の粒子径を測定し、その算術平均値を平均粒子径として、カーボンブラックの平均一次粒子径とする。
硬化性組成物中におけるカーボンブラックの含有量は、硬化性組成物の全固形分に対して、10~80質量%が好ましく、20~60質量%がより好ましく、30~50質量%が更に好ましい。
なお、全固形分とは、硬化膜を構成し得る成分を意図し、溶剤は含まれない。
上記分散液の調製に使用される溶剤としては、例えば、硬化性組成物が含有し得る溶剤として後述する溶剤のほか、1-プロパノール、2-プロパノール、1-ブタノール、2-ブタノール、2-メチル-2-プロパノール、1-ペンタノール、2-ペンタノール、3-ペンタノール、3-メチル-1-ブタノール、2-メチル-2-ブタノール、ネオペンタノール、シクロペンタノール、1-ヘキサノール、及び、シクロヘキサノール等のアルコール類等が挙げられる。
中でも、PGMEA(プロピレングリコールメチルエーテルアセテート)が好ましい。
これらの溶剤は、1種単独で使用しても、2種以上を併用してもよい。
硬化性組成物は、重合性化合物を含有する。
重合性化合物は、ε-カプロラクトンの開環構造を有する第1重合性化合物(以下、単に「第1重合性化合物」ともいう)と、水酸基を有する第2重合性化合物(以下、単に「第2重合性化合物」ともいう)とを含有する。
第1重合性化合物は、ε-カプロラクトンの開環構造を有する重合性化合物である。
ε-カプロラクトンの開環構造とは、以下式(A)で表される構造である。
重合性基としては、エチレン性不飽和結合を含有する基が好ましく、例えば、ビニル基、(メタ)アリル基、及び、(メタ)アクリロイル基が挙げられる。
なかでも、Rのうち2~6つが式(Z-2)で表される基であり、かつ、残余が式(Z-3)で表される基であることが好ましく、Rのうち2つが式(Z-2)で表される基であり、残余(残り4つ)が式(Z-3)で表される基であることがより好ましい。
第1重合性化合物は、1種単独で使用しても、2種以上を併用してもよい。2種以上の第1重合性化合物を併用する場合には、合計含有量が上記範囲内であることが好ましい。
第2重合性化合物は、水酸基を有する重合性化合物である。
第2重合性化合物が有する水酸基の数は特に制限されないが、1つ以上が好ましく、1~3つが好ましく、1つがより好ましい。
重合性基としては、エチレン性不飽和結合を含有する基が好ましく、例えば、ビニル基、(メタ)アリル基、及び、(メタ)アクリロイル基が挙げられる。
なかでも、本発明の効果がより優れる点で、4つのmが全て0である態様が好ましく、4つのmが全て0で、かつ、4つのX1のうち3つが(メタ)アクリロイル基を表し、残余(1つ)が水素原子を表す態様がより好ましい。
つまり、式(Z-4-1)で表される化合物がより好ましい。
なかでも、本発明の効果がより優れる点で、6つのnが全て0である態様が好ましく、6つのnが全て0で、かつ、6つのX1のうち5つが(メタ)アクリロイル基を表し、残余(1つ)が水素原子を表す態様がより好ましい。
つまり、式(Z-5-1)で表される化合物がより好ましい。
第2重合性化合物は、1種単独で使用しても、2種以上を併用してもよい。2種以上の第2重合性化合物を併用する場合には、合計含有量が上記範囲内であることが好ましい。
硬化性組成物は、上述した第1重合性化合物及び第2重合性化合物以外の他の重合性化合物を含有していてもよい。
例えば、重合性化合物は、更に、第1重合性化合物及び第2重合性化合物とは異なる化合物であって、重合性基を複数有する第3重合性化合物を含有していてもよい。
硬化性組成物に上記第3重合性化合物(特に、後述する、重合性基数を分子量で除した比が0.0100以上0.0120未満である重合性化合物)が含有されることにより、後述する引き置き経時安定性評価及び現像後波打ち評価がより向上する。
なかでも、本発明の効果がより優れる点で、4つのmが全て0である態様、又は、4つのmが全て1であり、Eが-((CH2)yCH2O)-*2であり、かつ、4つのyが全て1である態様が挙げられる。
つまり、式(Z-6-1)で表される化合物がより好ましい。
なかでも、本発明の効果がより優れる点で、6つのmが全て0である態様が好ましい。
つまり、式(Z-7-1)で表される化合物がより好ましい。
上記重合性基数を分子量で除した比(重合性基数/分子量)は、0.0103~0.0115であることが好ましい。
第3重合性化合物は、1種単独で使用しても、2種以上を併用してもよい。2種以上の第3重合性化合物を併用する場合には、合計含有量が上記範囲内であることが好ましい。
硬化性組成物中における重合性化合物の種類数は、4種以上が好ましく、4~6種がより好ましく、4~5種が更に好ましい。
上記効果が得られる理由の詳細は不明だが、現像後波打ち評価が向上した理由に関しては、重合性基数の異なる重合性化合物を含有させることで、硬化膜中における架橋点間の分子量にバラつきが生じやすく、硬化により硬化膜内に生じた収縮の応力を分散させやすくなったためと推測される。
上記硬化性組成物は、本発明の効果を奏する範囲内において、カーボンブラック及び重合性化合物以外の他の成分を含有してもよい。他の成分としては、例えば、重合開始剤、樹脂、重合禁止剤、界面活性剤、着色剤、紫外線吸収剤、シランカップリング剤、及び、溶剤が挙げられる。以下では、硬化性組成物中に含有される任意成分について詳述する。
硬化性組成物は、重合開始剤を含有していてもよい。
重合開始剤の種類は特に制限されず、公知の重合開始剤が挙げられる。重合開始剤としては、光重合開始剤、及び、熱重合開始剤が挙げられ、光重合開始剤が好ましい。重合開始剤は、着色性が無い重合開始剤、及び、高退色性である重合開始剤から選択されることも好ましい。なお、重合開始剤としては、いわゆるラジカル重合開始剤が好ましい。
熱重合開始剤としては、例えば、加藤清視著「紫外線硬化システム」(株式会社総合技術センター発行:平成元年)の第65~148頁に記載されている化合物が挙げられる。
光重合開始剤としては、重合性化合物の重合を開始することができれば特に制限されず、公知の光重合開始剤が挙げられる。光重合開始剤としては、例えば、紫外線領域から可視光領域に対して感光性を有するものが好ましい。また、光励起された増感剤と何らかの作用を生じ、活性ラジカルを生成する活性剤であってもよく、重合性化合物の種類に応じてカチオン重合を開始させるような開始剤であってもよい。
また、硬化性組成物は、約300~800nm(330~500nmがより好ましい。)の範囲内に少なくとも約50のモル吸光係数を有する化合物を、光重合開始剤として少なくとも1種含有していることが好ましい。
ヒドロキシアセトフェノン化合物としては、例えば、IRGACURE-184、DAROCUR-1173、IRGACURE-500、IRGACURE-2959、及びIRGACURE-127(商品名:いずれもBASF社製)が挙げられる。
α-アミノケトン化合物(好ましくは、α-アミノアセトフェノン化合物)としては、例えば、市販品であるIRGACURE-907、IRGACURE-369、及び、IRGACURE-379EG(商品名:いずれもBASF社製)が挙げられる。
アシルホスフィン化合物としては、IRGACURE-819、及び、IRGACURE-TPO(商品名:いずれもBASF社製)が挙げられる。
オキシム化合物としては、特開2001-233842号公報に記載の化合物、特開2000-80068号公報に記載の化合物、及び、特開2006-342166号公報に記載の化合物を用いることができ、上記の内容は本明細書に組み込まれる。
オキシム化合物としては、例えば、3-ベンゾイロキシイミノブタン-2-オン、3-アセトキシイミノブタン-2-オン、3-プロピオニルオキシイミノブタン-2-オン、2-アセトキシイミノペンタン-3-オン、2-アセトキシイミノ-1-フェニルプロパン-1-オン、2-ベンゾイロキシイミノ-1-フェニルプロパン-1-オン、3-(4-トルエンスルホニルオキシ)イミノブタン-2-オン、及び、2-エトキシカルボニルオキシイミノ-1-フェニルプロパン-1-オン等が挙げられる。
また、J.C.S.Perkin II(1979年)pp.1653-1660、J.C.S.Perkin II(1979年)pp.156-162、Journal of Photopolymer Science and Technology(1995年)pp.202-232、特開2000-66385号公報記載の化合物、特開2000-80068号公報、特表2004-534797号公報、及び特開2006-342166号公報に記載の化合物等も挙げられ、上記内容は本明細書に組み込まれる。
また、特開2013-29760号公報の段落0274~0275に記載の化合物を用いることもでき、この内容は本明細書に組み込まれる。
式(OX-1)中、Rで表される一価の置換基としては、一価の非金属原子団が好ましい。
一価の非金属原子団としては、例えば、アルキル基、アリール基、アシル基、アルコキシカルボニル基、アリールオキシカルボニル基、複素環基、アルキルチオカルボニル基、及び、アリールチオカルボニル基が挙げられる。また、これらの基は、1以上の置換基を有していてもよい。また、前述した置換基は、更に他の置換基で置換されていてもよい。
置換基としては、例えば、ハロゲン原子、アリールオキシ基、アルコキシカルボニル基、アリールオキシカルボニル基、アシルオキシ基、アシル基、アルキル基、及び、アリール基が挙げられる。
式(OX-1)中、Bで表される一価の置換基としては、アリール基、複素環基、アリールカルボニル基、又は、複素環カルボニル基が好ましく、アリール基、又は、複素環基がより好ましい。これらの基は1以上の置換基を有していてもよい。置換基としては、前述した置換基と同様である。
また、上記式(3)及び(4)において、R1は、各々独立に、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、i-プロピル基、シクロヘキシル基又はフェニル基が好ましい。R3はメチル基、エチル基、フェニル基、トリル基又はキシリル基が好ましい。R4は炭素数1~6のアルキル基又はフェニル基が好ましい。R5はメチル基、エチル基、フェニル基、トリル基又はナフチル基が好ましい。Xは単結合が好ましい。
式(1)及び式(2)で表される化合物の具体例としては、例えば、特開2014-137466号公報の0076~0079段落に記載された化合物が挙げられる。この内容は本明細書に組み込まれることとする。
オキシム化合物の365nm又は405nmにおけるモル吸光係数は、感度の観点から、1,000~300,000が好ましく、2,000~300,000がより好ましく、5,000~200,000が更に好ましい。
オキシム化合物のモル吸光係数は、公知の方法で測定できるが、例えば、紫外可視分光光度計(Varian社製Cary-5 spctrophotometer)にて、酢酸エチルを用い、0.01g/Lの濃度で測定することが好ましい。
光重合開始剤は、必要に応じて2種以上を組み合わせて使用してもよい。
重合開始剤は、1種単独で使用しても、2種以上を併用してもよい。2種以上の重合開始剤を併用する場合には、合計含有量が上記範囲内であることが好ましい。
硬化性組成物は樹脂を含有していてもよい。樹脂としては、例えば、分散剤、及び、アルカリ可溶性樹脂等が挙げられる。
硬化性組成物中における樹脂の含有量は特に制限されないが、硬化性組成物の全固形分に対して、5~45質量%が好ましい。
樹脂は、1種を単独で用いても、2種以上を併用してもよい。2種以上の樹脂を併用する場合には、合計含有量が上記範囲内であることが好ましい
上記硬化性組成物は分散剤(樹脂に該当する)を含有することが好ましい。
分散剤は、主に、カーボンブラック及び他の着色剤(特に、顔料)の分散剤として機能する。
硬化性組成物中における分散剤の含有量としては特に制限されないが、硬化性組成物が、より優れた経時安定性、及び、より優れたパターニング性を有する点で、硬化性組成物の全固形分に対して、5~40質量%が好ましい。
分散剤は、1種を単独で用いても、2種以上を併用してもよい。2種以上の分散剤を併用する場合には、合計含有量が上記範囲内であることが好ましい。
分散剤としては、例えば、高分子分散剤が挙げられる。高分子分散剤としては、例えば、ポリアミドアミンとその塩、ポリカルボン酸とその塩、高分子量不飽和酸エステル、変性ポリウレタン、変性ポリエステル、変性ポリ(メタ)アクリレート、(メタ)アクリル系共重合体、及び、ナフタレンスルホン酸ホルマリン縮合物が挙げられる。
また、分散剤としては、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルリン酸エステル、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルアミン、及び、顔料誘導体も挙げられる
中でも、分散剤としては、高分子化合物が好ましい。高分子化合物は、その構造から更に直鎖状高分子、末端変性型高分子、グラフト型高分子、及びブロック型高分子に分類できる。
このようなグラフト鎖を含有する構造単位を含有する高分子化合物は、溶剤とのより優れた親和性を有する。グラフト鎖を含有する構造単位を含有する高分子化合物は、溶剤とのより優れた親和性を有するため、カーボンブラック又は顔料をより分散させやすく、かつ、カーボンブラック又は顔料を分散させた後に時間が経過しても当初の分散状態がより変化しにくい。また、グラフト鎖を含有する構造単位を含有する高分子化合物は、グラフト鎖を含有するため、後述する重合性化合物、及び/又は、その他の成分等とのより優れた親和性を有する。その結果、グラフト鎖を含有する構造単位を含有する高分子化合物は後述するアルカリ現像時に、未反応の重合性化合物等に起因する残渣を生じにくくなる。
グラフト鎖が長くなる(式量が大きくなる)と立体反発効果が高くなり、カーボンブラック又は顔料の分散性は向上する。一方、グラフト鎖が長すぎると、カーボンブラック又は顔料への吸着力が低下して、カーボンブラック又は顔料の分散性は低下する傾向となる。このため、グラフト鎖の原子数(水素原子を除く)としては、は、40~10000が好ましく、50~2000がより好ましく、60~500が更に好ましい。
ここで、グラフト鎖とは、高分子化合物の主鎖の根元(主鎖から枝分かれしている基において主鎖に結合する原子)から、主鎖から枝分かれしている基の末端までを意図する。
高分子鎖と溶剤と更に優れた親和性を有し、高分子化合物が、カーボンブラック又は顔料をより分散させやすい点で、高分子鎖は、ポリエステル構造、ポリエーテル構造及びポリ(メタ)アクリレート構造からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を含有することが好ましく、ポリエステル構造、及び、ポリエーテル構造からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を含有することがより好ましい。
分散剤は、分子中に上記構造を一種単独で含有してもよいし、分子中にこれらの構造を複数種類含有してもよい。
ここで、ポリカプロラクトン構造とは、ε-カプロラクトンを開環した構造を繰り返し単位として含有するものをいう。ポリバレロラクトン構造とは、δ-バレロラクトンを開環した構造を繰り返し単位として含有するものをいう。
A. J. Leo, Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry, Vol.4, C. Hansch, P. G. Sammnens, J. B. Taylor and C. A. Ramsden, Eds., p.295, Pergamon Press, 1990 C. Hansch & A. J. Leo. SUbstituent Constants For Correlation Analysis in Chemistry and Biology. John Wiley & Sons. A.J. Leo. Calculating logPoct from structure. Chem. Rev., 93, 1281-1306, 1993.
logP=log(Coil/Cwater)
式中、Coilは油相中の化合物のモル濃度を、Cwaterは水相中の化合物のモル濃度を表す。
logPの値が0をはさんでプラスに大きくなると油溶性が増し、マイナスで絶対値が大きくなると水溶性が増すことを意味し、有機化合物の水溶性と負の相関があり、有機化合物の親疎水性を見積るパラメータとして広く利用されている。
このカーボンブラック又は顔料と相互作用を形成しうる官能基としては、例えば、酸基、塩基性基、配位性基、及び、反応性を有する官能基等が挙げられる。
高分子化合物が、酸基、塩基性基、配位性基、又は、反応性を有する官能基を含有する場合、それぞれ、酸基を含有する構造単位、塩基性基を含有する構造単位、配位性基を含有する構造単位、又は、反応性を有する構造単位を含有することが好ましい。
これは、酸基を含有する構造単位における酸基がカーボンブラック又は顔料と相互作用しやすく、高分子化合物がカーボンブラック又は顔料を安定的に分散すると共に、カーボンブラック又は顔料を分散する高分子化合物の粘度がより低下し、高分子化合物自体も安定的に分散されやすいためであると推測される。
なお、本明細書において、酸基としてアルカリ可溶性基を含有する構造単位は、上記の疎水性構造単位とは異なる構造単位を意図する(すなわち、上記の疎水性構造単位には該当しない)。
すなわち、高分子化合物は、カルボン酸基、スルホン酸基、及び、リン酸基からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を含有する構造単位を更に含有することが好ましい。
高分子化合物は、酸基を含有する構造単位を含有してもしなくてもよい。
酸基を含有する構造単位の高分子化合物中における含有量は、高分子化合物の全質量に対して、5~80質量%が好ましく、アルカリ現像による画像強度のダメージがより抑制される点で、10~60質量%がより好ましい。
高分子化合物中における、塩基性基を含有する構造単位の含有量は、高分子化合物の全質量に対して、0.01~50質量%が好ましく、硬化性組成物がより優れた現像性(アルカリ現像がより阻害されにくい)点で、0.01~30質量%がより好ましい。
高分子化合物中における、配位性基を含有する構造単位、及び、反応性を有する官能基の含有量としては、高分子化合物の全質量に対して、10~80質量%が好ましく、硬化性組成物がより優れた現像性(アルカリ現像がより阻害されにくい)点で、20~60質量%がより好ましい。
他の構造単位としては、例えば、アクリロニトリル類、及び、メタクリロニトリル類からなる群から選択されるラジカル重合性化合物に由来の構造単位等が挙げられる。
高分子化合物は、他の構造単位1種を単独で含有して、2種以上を含有してもよい。
高分子化合物中における他の構造単位の含有量は、高分子化合物の全質量に対して、0%~80質量%が好ましく、10~60質量%がより好ましい。他の構造単位の含有量が0~80質量%であると、硬化性組成物は、より優れたパターン形成性を有する。
高分子化合物の酸価は、例えば、高分子化合物中における酸基の平均含有量から算出できる。また、高分子化合物中の酸基を含有する構造単位の含有量を変化させることで所望の酸価を有する高分子化合物を得ることができる。
GPC法は、HLC-8020GPC(東ソー製)を用い、カラムとしてTSKgel SuperHZM-H、TSKgel SuperHZ4000、TSKgel SuperHZ2000(東ソー製、4.6mmID×15cm)を、溶離液としてTHF(テトラヒドロフラン)を用いる方法に基づく。なお、高分子化合物は、公知の方法に基づいて合成できる。
また、ビックケミー社製のDISPERBYK-130、DISPERBYK-140、DISPERBYK-142、DISPERBYK-145、DISPERBYK-180、DISPERBYK-187、DISPERBYK-191、DISPERBYK-2001、DISPERBYK-2010、DISPERBYK-2012、DISPERBYK-2025、BYK-9076、味の素ファインテクノ社製のアジスパーPB821、アジスパーPB822、及び、アジスパーPB881等を用いることもできる。
これらの高分子化合物は、1種を単独で用いても、2種以上を併用してもよい。
また、分散剤としては、特開2011-153283号公報の段落0028~0084(対応するUS2011/0279759の段落0075~0133)の酸性基が連結基を介して結合してなる側鎖構造を含有する構成成分を含有する高分子化合物を用いることもでき、これらの内容は本明細書に組み込まれる。
また、分散剤としては、特開2016-109763号公報の段落0033~0049に記載された樹脂を用いることもでき、この内容は本明細書に組み込まれる。
硬化性組成物は、アルカリ可溶性樹脂(樹脂に該当する)を含有することが好ましい。アルカリ可溶性樹脂とは、アルカリ溶液に溶解する樹脂を意図する。
硬化性組成物中におけるアルカリ可溶性樹脂の含有量としては特に制限されないが、硬化性組成物がより優れたパターニング性を有する点で、硬化性組成物の全固形分に対して、0.5~30質量%が好ましい。
アルカリ可溶性樹脂は1種を単独で用いても、2種以上を併用してもよい。2種以上のアルカリ可溶性樹脂を併用する場合には、合計含有量が上記範囲内であることが好ましい。
アルカリ可溶性樹脂は、カルド構造を有することが好ましい。
不飽和カルボン酸は特に制限されないが、(メタ)アクリル酸、クロトン酸、及び、ビニル酢酸等のモノカルボン酸類;イタコン酸、マレイン酸、及び、フマル酸等などのジカルボン酸、又は、その酸無水物;フタル酸モノ(2-(メタ)アクリロイロキシエチル)等の多価カルボン酸モノエステル類;等が挙げられる。
上記硬化性組成物は重合禁止剤を含有していてもよい。硬化性組成物が重合禁止剤を含有すると、硬化性組成物中において重合性化合物の意図しない重合を抑制することができ、硬化性組成物がより優れた経時安定性を有する。また、硬化性組成物中における重合性化合物の意図しない重合が抑制されるため、硬化性組成物はより優れたパターニング性も有する。
重合禁止剤としては、例えば、フェノール系重合禁止剤(例えば、p-メトキシフェノール、2,5-ジ-tert-ブチル-4-メチルフェノール、2,6-ジtert-ブチル-4-メチルフェノール、4,4’-チオビス(3-メチル-6-t-ブチルフェノール)、2,2’-メチレンビス(4-メチル-6-t-ブチルフェノール)、及び、4-メトキシナフトール等);ハイドロキノン系重合禁止剤(例えば、ハイドロキノン、及び、2,6-ジ-tert-ブチルハイロドロキノン等);キノン系重合禁止剤(例えば、ベンゾキノン等);フリーラジカル系重合禁止剤(例えば、2,2,6,6-テトラメチルピペリジン1-オキシルフリーラジカル、及び、4-ヒドロキシ-2,2,6,6-テトラメチルピペリジン1-オキシルフリーラジカル等);ニトロベンゼン系重合禁止剤(例えば、ニトロベンゼン、及び、4-ニトロトルエン等);フェノチアジン系重合禁止剤(例えば、フェノチアジン、及び、2-メトキシフェノチアジン等);等が挙げられる。
なかでも、硬化性組成物がより優れた本発明の効果を有する点で、フェノール系重合禁止剤、又は、フリーラジカル系重合禁止剤が好ましい。
なお、上記重合開始剤は、硬化性組成物の調製時に他の成分と共に混合されてもよいし、上記樹脂の合成の際等に用いられたものが、上記樹脂と共に、その他の成分と混合されてもよい。
重合禁止剤は1種を単独で用いても、2種以上を併用してもよい。2種以上の重合禁止剤を併用する場合には、合計含有量が上記範囲内であることが好ましい。
硬化性組成物は、界面活性剤を含有していてもよい。界面活性剤を含有する硬化性組成物はより優れた塗布性を有する。
フッ素系界面活性剤としてブロックポリマーを用いることもでき、例えば、特開第2011-89090号公報に記載されたが化合物を用いることもでき、上記内容は本明細書に組み込まれる。
界面活性剤は、1種を単独で用いても、2種以上を併用してもよい。界面活性剤を2種以上併用する場合は、合計量が上記範囲内であることが好ましい。
硬化性組成物は、着色剤を含有してもよい。本明細書において、カーボンブラックは、着色剤には含まれない。
着色剤を含有する場合、その含有量は、得られる硬化膜の光学特性に応じて決定することができる。また、着色剤は1種を単独で用いても、2種以上を併用してもよい。
無機顔料の種類は特に制限されず、公知の無機顔料が挙げられる。
無機顔料としては、例えば、亜鉛華、鉛白、リトポン、酸化チタン、酸化クロム、酸化鉄、沈降性硫酸バリウム及びバライト粉、鉛丹、酸化鉄赤、黄鉛、亜鉛黄(亜鉛黄1種、亜鉛黄2種)、ウルトラマリン青、プロシア青(フェロシアン化鉄カリ)ジルコングレー、プラセオジムイエロー、クロムチタンイエロー、クロムグリーン、ピーコック、ビクトリアグリーン、紺青(プルシアンブルーとは無関係)、バナジウムジルコニウム青、クロム錫ピンク、陶試紅、並びにサーモンピンク等が挙げられる。また、黒色の無機顔料としては、Co、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ru、Fe、Ni、Sn、Ti、及びAgからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の金属元素を含有する金属酸化物、金属窒素物、及び、金属酸窒化物等が挙げられる。
金属顔料としては、例えば、Nb、V、Co、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ru、Fe、Ni、Sn、Ti、及びAgからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の金属元素を含有する金属酸化物、金属窒素物、及び、金属酸窒化物等が挙げられる。
C.I.ピグメントオレンジ 2,5,13,16,17:1,31,34,36,38,43,46,48,49,51,52,55,59,60,61,62,64,71,73等、
C.I.ピグメントレッド 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,14,17,22,23,31,38,41,48:1,48:2,48:3,48:4,49,49:1,49:2,52:1,52:2,53:1,57:1,60:1,63:1,66,67,81:1,81:2,81:3,83,88,90,105,112,119,122,123,144,146,149,150,155,166,168,169,170,171,172,175,176,177,178,179,184,185,187,188,190,200,202,206,207,208,209,210,216,220,224,226,242,246,254,255,264,270,272,279,294(キサンテン系、Organo Ultamarine,Bluish Red)等;
C.I.ピグメントグリーン 7,10,36,37,58,59等;
C.I.ピグメントバイオレット 1,19,23,27,32,37,42等;
C.I.ピグメントブルー 1,2,15,15:1,15:2,15:3,15:4,15:6,16,22,29,60,64,66,79,80,87(モノアゾ系),88(メチン/ポリメチン系)等;
が挙げられる。なお、顔料は1種を単独で用いても、2種以上を併用してもよい。
染料としては、例えば特開昭64-90403号公報、特開昭64-91102号公報、特開平1-94301号公報、特開平6-11614号公報、特登2592207号、米国特許4808501号明細書、米国特許505950号明細書、米国特許5667920号明細書、特開平5-333207号公報、特開平6-35183号公報、特開平6-51115号公報、及び、特開平6-194828号公報等に開示されている色素を用いることができ、上記内容は本明細書に組み込まれる。
染料を化学構造で区分すると、ピラゾールアゾ化合物、ピロメテン化合物、アニリノアゾ化合物、トリフェニルメタン化合物、アントラキノン化合物、ベンジリデン化合物、オキソノール化合物、ピラゾロトリアゾールアゾ化合物、ピリドンアゾ化合物、シアニン化合物、フェノチアジン化合物、及び、ピロロピラゾールアゾメチン化合物等を用いることができる。また、色素多量体を用いてもよい。色素多量体としては、特開2011-213925号公報、及び、特開2013-041097号公報に記載された化合物が挙げられる。また、分子内に重合性基を含有する重合性染料を用いることもでき、市販品としては、例えば、和光純薬株式会社製RDWシリーズが挙げられる。
上記着色剤は、更に赤外線吸収剤を含有してもよい。なお、赤外線吸収剤は上述した無機粒子とは異なる成分を意図する。
本明細書において、赤外線吸収剤とは、赤外領域(好ましくは、波長650~1300nm)の波長の光を吸収を作用を有する化合物を意味する。赤外線吸収剤としては、波長675~900nmの波長領域に極大吸収波長を有する化合物が好ましい。
このような分光特性を有する化合物としては、例えば、ピロロピロール化合物、銅化合物、シアニン化合物、フタロシアニン化合物、イミニウム化合物、チオール錯体系化合物、遷移金属酸化物系化合物、スクアリリウム化合物、ナフタロシアニン化合物、クオタリレン化合物、ジチオール金属錯体系化合物、及び、クロコニウム化合物が挙げられる。
また、赤外線吸収剤は、25℃の水に1質量%以上溶解する化合物が好ましく、25℃の水に10質量%以上溶解する化合物がより好ましい。このような化合物を用いると、耐溶剤性が良化する。
ピロロピロール化合物は、特開2010-222557号公報の段落0049~0062を参酌でき、この内容は本明細書に組み込まれることとする。シアニン化合物及びスクアリリウム化合物は、国際公開2014/088063号公報の段落0022~0063、国際公開2014/030628号公報の段落0053~0118、特開2014-59550号公報の段落0028~0074、国際公開2012/169447号公報の段落0013~0091、特開2015-176046号公報の段落0019~0033、特開2014-63144号公報の段落0053~0099、特開2014-52431号公報の段落0085~0150、特開2014-44301号公報の段落0076~0124、特開2012-8532号公報の段落0045~0078、特開2015-172102号公報の段落0027~0067、特開2015-172004号公報の段落0029~0067、特開2015-40895号公報の段落0029~0085、特開2014-126642号公報の段落0022~0036、特開2014-148567号公報の段落0011~0017、特開2015-157893号公報の段落0010~0025、特開2014-095007号公報の段落0013~0026、特開2014-80487号公報の段落0013~0047、及び、特開2013-227403号公報の段落0007~0028等を参酌でき、この内容は本明細書に組み込まれる。
硬化性組成物は、紫外線吸収剤を含有してもよい。紫外線吸収剤を含有する硬化性組成物により得られる硬化膜はより優れたパターン形状(より精細なパターン形状)を有する。
紫外線吸収剤としては、サリシレート系、ベンゾフェノン系、ベンゾトリアゾール系、置換アクリロニトリル系、及び、トリアジン系等の紫外線吸収剤を用いることができる。 紫外線吸収剤としては、例えば、特開2012-068418号公報の段落0137~0142(対応するUS2012/0068292の段落0251~0254)に記載の化合物を用いることができ、上記内容は本明細書に組み込まれる。
紫外線吸収剤としては、ジエチルアミノ-フェニルスルホニル系紫外線吸収剤(大東化学社製、商品名:UV-503)等を用いることもできる。
紫外線吸収剤としては、特開2012-32556号公報の段落0134~0148に記載の化合物を用いることもでき、上記内容は本明細書に組み込まれる。
硬化性組成物中における紫外線吸収剤の含有量としては、特に制限されないが、硬化性組成物の全固形分に対して、0.001~15質量%が好ましく、0.01~10質量%がより好ましく、0.1~5質量%が更に好ましい。
硬化性組成物はシランカップリング剤を含有してもよい。
本明細書において、シランカップリング剤とは、分子中に以下の加水分解性基とそれ以外の官能基とを含有する化合物を意図する。上記加水分解性基とは、珪素原子に直結し、加水分解反応及び/又は縮合反応によってシロキサン結合を生じ得る置換基を意図する。加水分解性基としては、例えば、ケイ素原子に直結した、ハロゲン原子、アルコキシ基、アシルオキシ基、及びアルケニルオキシ基等が挙げられる。加水分解性基が炭素原子を含有する場合、その炭素数は6以下であることが好ましく、4以下であることがより好ましい。特に、炭素数4以下のアルコキシ基又は炭素数4以下のアルケニルオキシ基が好ましい。
シランカップリング剤は1種を単独で用いても、2種以上を併用してもよい。2種以上のシランカップリング剤を併用する場合には、合計含有量が上記範囲内であることが好ましい。
硬化性組成物は、溶剤を含有することが好ましい。溶剤としては特に制限されず公知の溶剤を用いることができる。
硬化性組成物中における溶剤の含有量としては特に制限されないが、一般に、硬化性組成物の固形分濃度が、10~90質量%となるよう調整されることが好ましく、10~50質量%となるよう調整されることがより好ましい。
溶剤は1種を単独で用いても、2種以上を併用してもよい。2種以上の溶剤を併用する場合には、硬化性組成物の全固形分が上記範囲内となるよう調整されることが好ましい。
有機溶剤としては、例えば、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、シクロヘキサン、酢酸エチル、エチレンジクロライド、テトラヒドロフラン、トルエン、エチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、エチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、アセチルアセトン、シクロヘキサノン、シクロペンタノン、ジアセトンアルコール、エチレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート、エチレングリコールエチルエーテルアセテート、エチレングリコールモノイソプロピルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテルアセテート、3-メトキシプロパノール、メトキシメトキシエタノール、ジエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジエチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート、プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセテート、3-メトキシプロピルアセテート、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルスルホキシド、γ-ブチロラクトン、酢酸エチル、酢酸ブチル、乳酸メチル、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン、及び、乳酸エチル等が挙げられる。
硬化性組成物は、上記の各成分を公知の混合方法(例えば、攪拌機、ホモジナイザー、高圧乳化装置、湿式粉砕機、及び、湿式分散機等を用いた混合方法)により混合して調製できる。硬化性組成物の調製に際しては、各成分を一括配合してもよいし、各成分をそれぞれ、溶剤に溶解又は分散した後に逐次配合してもよい。また、配合する際の投入順序及び作業条件は特に制限されない。
フィルタの材料としては、特に制限されないが、例えば、PTFE(ポリテトラフルオロエチレン)等のフッ素樹脂、ナイロン等のポリアミド系樹脂、及び、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン(PP)等のポリオレフィン系樹脂(高密度、超高分子量を含む)等により形成されるフィルタが挙げられる。なかでもポリプロピレン(高密度ポリプロピレンを含む)、又は、ナイロンにより形成されるフィルタが好ましい。
フィルタの孔径としては、特に制限されないが、一般に、0.1~7.0μmが好ましく、0.2~2.5μmがより好ましく、0.2~1.5μmが更に好ましく、0.3~0.7μmが特に好ましい。
フィルタを使用する際、異なるフィルタを組み合わせてもよい。その際、第1のフィルタでのフィルタリングは、1回のみでもよいし、2回以上行ってもよい。異なるフィルタを組み合わせて2回以上フィルタリングを行う場合、2回目のフィルタリングに用いるフィルタの孔径は、1回目のフィルタリングに用いるフィルタの孔径と比較して、同じ、又は、大きい方が好ましい。また、材料が同じで、異なる孔径のフィルタを組み合わせてもよい。ここでの孔径は、フィルタメーカーの公称値を参照できる。
市販のフィルタとしては、例えば、日本ポール社製、アドバンテック東洋社製、日本インテグリス社製(旧日本マイクロリス社)、及び、キッツマイクロフィルタ社製等が挙げられる。
硬化性組成物は、金属(粒子、及び、イオン)、ハロゲンを含む金属塩、酸、及び、アルカリ等の不純物を実質的に含有しないことが好ましい。なお、本明細書において、実質的に含有しない、とは、下記測定方法により検出できないことを意図する。
硬化性組成物、上記成分、及び、上記フィルタ等に含有される不純物の含有量としては特に制限されないが、それぞれ全質量に対して1質量ppm以下が好ましく、1質量ppb以下がより好ましく、100質量ppt以下が更に好ましく、10質量ppt以下が特に好ましく、実質的に含有しないことが最も好ましい。
なお、上記不純物の含有量は、誘導結合プラズマ質量分析装置(横河アナリティカルシステムズ製、Agilent 7500cs型)により測定することができる。
なお、ppmはparts per million、ppbは、parts per billion、pptはparts per trillionを表す。
本発明の実施形態に係る硬化膜は、上記硬化性組成物を硬化して得られた硬化膜である。硬化膜の厚みとしては特に制限されないが、一般に0.2~7μmが好ましく、0.4~5μmがより好ましい。
上記厚みは平均厚みであり、硬化膜の任意の5点以上の厚みを測定し、それらを算術平均した値である。
硬化処理の方法は特に制限されず、光硬化処理又は熱硬化処理が挙げられ、パターン形成が容易である点から、光硬化処理(特に、活性光線又は放射線を照射することによる硬化処理)が好ましい。
硬化膜の製造方法としては特に制限されないが、以下の工程を含有することが好ましい。
・硬化性組成物層形成工程
・露光工程
・現像工程
以下、各工程について説明する。
硬化性組成物層形成工程は、上記硬化性組成物を用いて、硬化性組成物層を形成する工程である。硬化性組成物を用いて、硬化性組成物層を形成する工程としては、例えば、基板上に、硬化性組成物を塗布して、硬化性組成物層を形成する工程が挙げられる。
基板の種類は特に制限されないが、固体撮像素子として用いる場合は、例えば、ケイ素基板が挙げられ、カラーフィルタ(固体撮像素子用カラーフィルタを含む)として用いる場合には、ガラス基板(ガラスウェハ)等が挙げられる。
基板上への硬化性組成物の塗布方法としては、スピンコート法、スリット塗布法、インクジェット法、スプレー塗布法、回転塗布法、流延塗布法、ロール塗布法、及び、スクリーン印刷法等の各種の塗布方法が挙げられる。
基板上に塗布された硬化性組成物は、通常、70~150℃で1~4分間程度の条件下で乾燥され、硬化性組成物層が形成される。
露光工程では、硬化性組成物層形成工程において形成された硬化性組成物層に、パターン状の開口部を備えるフォトマスクを介して、活性光線又は放射線を照射して露光し、光照射された硬化性組成物層だけを硬化させる。
露光は、放射線の照射により行うことが好ましく、g線、h線、及び、i線等の紫外線を用いることが好ましい。また、光源としては高圧水銀灯が好ましい。照射強度は特に制限されないが、5~1500mJ/cm2が好ましく、10~1000mJ/cm2がより好ましい。
露光工程に次いで、現像処理(現像工程)を行い、露光工程における未露光部分を現像液に溶出させる。これにより、光硬化した部分だけが基板上に残る。
現像液としては、特に制限されないが、例えば、無機アルカリ現像液及び有機アルカリ現像液などのアルカリ水溶液が挙げられ、なかでも、有機アルカリ現像液が好ましい。現像条件としては特に制限されないが、現像温度が、一般に、20~40℃が好ましく、現像時間が、一般に20~180秒が好ましい。
無機アルカリ現像液に含有されるアルカリ性化合物としては、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸水素ナトリウム、硅酸ナトリウム、及び、メタ硅酸ナトリウム等が挙げられる。
無機アルカリ現像液中における上記アルカリ性化合物の含有量としては特に制限されないが、一般に、無機アルカリ現像液の全質量に対して、0.001~10質量%が好ましく、0.005~0.5質量%がより好ましい。
また、有機アルカリ現像液に含有されるアルカリ性化合物としては、例えば、アンモニア、エチルアミン、ジエチルアミン、ジメチルエタノールアミン、テトラメチルアンモニウムヒドロキシド、テトラエチルアンモニウムヒドロキシド、テトラプロピルアンモニウムヒドロキシド、テトラブチルアンモニウムヒドロキシド、ベンジルトリメチルアンモニウムヒドロキシド、コリン、ピロール、ピペリジン、及び、1,8-ジアザビシクロ-[5,4,0]-7-ウンデセンが挙げられる。
有機アルカリ現像液中における上記アルカリ性化合物の含有量としては特に制限されないが、一般に、有機アルカリ現像液の全質量に対して、0.001~10質量%が好ましく、0.005~0.5質量%がより好ましい。
なお、このようなアルカリ水溶液を現像液として使用した場合には、現像後に硬化膜を純水で洗浄(リンス)することが好ましい。
その他の工程としては、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができる。
その他の工程としては、例えば、基材の表面処理工程、前加熱工程(プリベーク工程)、後加熱工程(ポストベーク工程)、及び、後露光工程(露光、現像後に再度露光する工程)等が挙げられる。
上記前加熱工程及び後加熱工程における加熱温度としては、80~300℃が好ましい。前加熱工程及び後加熱工程における加熱時間としては、30~300秒が好ましい。
上記後露光工程における露光は、放射線の照射により行うことが好ましく、g線、h線、及び、i線等の紫外線を用いることが好ましい。また、光源としては高圧水銀灯が好ましい。照射強度は特に制限されないが、5~1500mJ/cm2が好ましく、10~1000mJ/cm2がより好ましい。
また、硬化膜を用いた「遮光」には、光を減衰させながら硬化膜を通過させる光減衰をも含んでもよい。
マイクロLED及びマイクロOLEDの例としては、特表2015-500562号公報及び特表2014-533890号公報に記載されたものが挙げられる。
量子ドットディスプレイの例としては、米国特許出願公開第2013/0335677号、米国特許出願公開第2014/0036536号、米国特許出願公開第2014/0036203号、及び、米国特許出願公開第2014/0035960号に記載されたものが挙げられる。
上記硬化膜は、自動車等の車両用前照灯に用いられるヘッドライトユニットの遮光部材及び/又は遮光膜に使用するのも好ましい。また、反射防止部材及び反射防止膜等に使用するのも好ましい。
本発明の実施形態に係る固体撮像装置、及び、固体撮像素子は、上記硬化膜を含有する。固体撮像素子が硬化膜を含有する形態としては特に制限されず、例えば、基板上に、固体撮像素子(CCD(Charge Coupled Device)イメージセンサ、CMOS(Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor)イメージセンサ等)の受光エリアを構成する複数のフォトダイオード及びポリシリコン等からなる受光素子を有し、支持体の受光素子形成面側(例えば、受光部以外の部分及び/又は色調整用画素等)又は形成面の反対側に上記硬化膜を備えて構成したものが挙げられる。
固体撮像装置は、上記固体撮像素子を含有する。
図1に示すように、固体撮像装置100は、矩形状の固体撮像素子101と、固体撮像素子101の上方に保持され、この固体撮像素子101を封止する透明なカバーガラス103とを備えている。更に、このカバーガラス103上には、スペーサー104を介してレンズ層111が重ねて設けられている。レンズ層111は、支持体113とレンズ材112とで構成されている。レンズ層111は、支持体113とレンズ材112とが一体成形された構成でもよい。レンズ層111の周縁領域に迷光が入射すると光の拡散によりレンズ材112での集光の効果が弱くなり、撮像部102に届く光が低減する。また、迷光によるノイズの発生も生じる。そのため、このレンズ層111の周縁領域は、遮光膜114が設けられて遮光されている。本発明の実施形態に係る硬化膜は上記遮光膜114としても用いることができる。
遮光膜212上には、BPSG(borophospho silicate glass)からなる絶縁膜213、P-SiNからなる絶縁膜(パシベーション膜)214、透明樹脂等からなる平坦化膜215からなる透明な中間層が設けられている。カラーフィルタ202は、中間層上に形成されている。
他にも、固体撮像素子(固体撮像装置)への硬化膜の適用方法としては、硬化膜(遮光膜)を光減衰膜として使用する方法等も挙げられ、例えば、一部の光が光減衰膜を通過した上で受光素子に入射するように光減衰膜を配置して、固体撮像素子のダイナミックレンジを改善する方法がある。
ブラックマトリクスは、本発明の実施形態に係る硬化膜を含有する。ブラックマトリクスは、カラーフィルタ、固体撮像装置、及び、液晶表示装置に含有されることがある。
ブラックマトリクスとしては、上記で既に説明したもの;液晶表示装置等の表示装置の周縁部に設けられた黒色の縁;赤、青、及び、緑の画素間の格子状、及び/又は、ストライプ状の黒色の部分;TFT(thin film transistor)遮光のためのドット状、及び/又は、線状の黒色パターン;等が挙げられる。このブラックマトリクスの定義については、例えば、菅野泰平著、「液晶ディスプレイ製造装置用語辞典」、第2版、日刊工業新聞社、1996年、p.64に記載がある。
ブラックマトリクスは表示コントラストを向上させるため、また薄膜トランジスタ(TFT)を用いたアクティブマトリックス駆動方式の液晶表示装置の場合には光の電流リークによる画質低下を防止するため、高い遮光性(光学濃度ODで3超)を有することが好ましい。
本発明の実施形態に係るカラーフィルタは、硬化膜を含有する。
カラーフィルタが硬化膜を含有する形態としては、特に制限されないが、基板と、上記ブラックマトリクスと、を備えるカラーフィルタが挙げられる。すなわち、基板上に形成された上記ブラックマトリクスの開口部に形成された赤色、緑色、及び、青色の着色画素と、を備えるカラーフィルタが例示できる。
まず、基板上に形成されたパターン状のブラックマトリクスの開口部に、カラーフィルタの各着色画素に対応する顔料を含有した樹脂組成物の塗膜(樹脂組成物層)を形成する。次に、樹脂組成物層に対して、ブラックマトリクスの開口部に対応したパターンを有するフォトマスクを介して露光する。次いで、現像処理により未露光部を除去した後、ベークすることでブラックマトリクスの開口部に着色画素を形成することができる。一連の操作を、例えば、赤色、緑色、及び、青色顔料を含有した各色用樹脂組成物を用いて行うことにより、赤色、緑色、及び、青色画素を有するカラーフィルタを製造できる。
本発明の実施形態に係る画像表示装置は、硬化膜を含有する。画像表示装置(典型的には、液晶表示装置が挙げられ、以下では液晶表示装置について説明する。)が硬化膜を含有する形態としては特に制限されないが、すでに説明したブラックマトリクス(硬化膜)を含有するカラーフィルタを含有する形態が挙げられる。
通常のオイルファーネス法で、カーボンブラックを製造した。但し、原料油としては、Na分量、Ca分量、及び、S分量の少ないエチレンボトム油を用い、ガス燃料を用いて燃焼を行った。更に、反応停止水としては、イオン交換樹脂で処理した純水を用いた。
ホモミキサーを用いて、得られたカーボンブラック(540g)を純水(14500g)と共に5,000~6,000rpmで30分撹拌し、スラリーを得た。このスラリーをスクリュー型撹拌機付容器に移して、約1,000rpmで混合しながらエポキシ樹脂「エピコート828」(ジャパンエポキシレジン製)(60)を溶解したトルエン(600g)を少量ずつ添加した。約15分で、水に分散していたカーボンブラックは全量トルエン側に移行し、約1mmの粒となった。
次に、60メッシュ金網で水切りを行った後、分離された粒を真空乾燥機に入れ、70℃で7時間乾燥し、トルエン及び水を除去した。得られた被覆カーボンブラックの樹脂被覆量は、カーボンブラックと樹脂の合計量に対して10質量%であった。
得られた被覆カーボンブラック(20質量部)に対し、分散剤としてDisperbyk-167(ビックケミー社製)(4.5質量部)、顔料誘導体としてS12000(ルーブリゾール社製)(1質量部)を加え、固形分濃度が35質量%となるようにプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート(PGMEA)を加えた。
得られた分散物を攪拌機により十分に攪拌し、プレミキシングを行った。更に、分散物に対し、寿工業(株)製のウルトラアペックスミルUAM015を使用して下記条件にて分散処理を行い、分散組成物を得た。分散終了後、フィルターによりビーズと分散液を分離して、カーボンブラック分散組成物(C-1)を調製した。
(分散条件)
・ビーズ径:φ0.05mm
・ビーズ充填率:75体積%
・ミル周速:8m/sec
・分散処理する混合液量:500g
・循環流量(ポンプ供給量):13kg/hour
・処理液温度:25~30℃
・冷却水:水道水
・ビーズミル環状通路内容積:0.15L
・パス回数:90パス
カラー用カーボンブラック(三菱化学社製「MA-8」、平均粒子径24μm、DBP(フタル酸ジブチル)吸油量58ml/100g)(25質量部)に、分散剤としてEFKA4046(BASF社製)(5質量部)、顔料誘導体としてS12000(ルーブリゾール社製)(1質量部)を加え、更にプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート(PGMEA)を固形分濃度が30質量%となるように加えた。分散液の全質量は181gであった。
得られた分散物を攪拌機により十分に攪拌し、プレミキシングを行った。更に、分散物に対し、寿工業(株)製のウルトラアペックスミルUAM015を使用して下記条件にて分散処理を行い、分散組成物を得た。分散終了後、フィルターによりビーズと分散液を分離して、カーボンブラック分散組成物(C-2)を調製した。
(分散条件)
・ビーズ径:φ0.05mm
・ビーズ充填率:75体積%
・ミル周速:8m/sec
・分散処理する混合液量:500g
・循環流量(ポンプ供給量):13kg/hour
・処理液温度:25~30℃
・冷却水:水道水
・ビーズミル環状通路内容積:0.15L
・パス回数:90パス
上記<カーボンブラック分散組成物(C-3)の調製>の際に調製した被覆カーボンブラック(20質量部)に対し、後述するアルカリ可溶性樹脂(b-1)(4.5質量部)、顔料誘導体としてS12000(ルーブリゾール社製)(1質量部)を加え、固形分濃度が35質量%となるようにプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート(PGMEA)を加えた。
得られた分散物を攪拌機により十分に攪拌し、プレミキシングを行った。更に、分散物に対し、寿工業(株)製のウルトラアペックスミルUAM015を使用して下記条件にて分散処理を行い、分散組成物を得た。分散終了後、フィルターによりビーズと分散液を分離して、カーボンブラック分散組成物(C-3)を調製した。
(分散条件)
・ビーズ径:φ0.05mm
・ビーズ充填率:75体積%
・ミル周速:8m/sec
・分散処理する混合液量:500g
・循環流量(ポンプ供給量):13kg/hour
・処理液温度:25~30℃
・冷却水:水道水
・ビーズミル環状通路内容積:0.15L
・パス回数:90パス
特開2010-106268号公報の段落0338~0340の製造方法を参照して、特定樹脂1を得た。
なお、特定樹脂1の式中、xは90質量%、yは0質量%、zは10質量%であった。また、特定樹脂1の重量平均分子量は40000であり、酸価は100mgKOH/gであり、グラフト鎖の原子数(水素原子を除く)は117であった。
平均粒径15nmの酸化チタンMT-150A(商品名:テイカ(株)製)を100g、BET表面積300m2/gのシリカ粒子AEROPERL(登録商標)300/30(エボニック製)を25g、及び、分散剤Disperbyk190(商品名:ビックケミー社製)を100g秤量し、これらをイオン電気交換水71gに加えた。その後、KURABO製MAZERSTAR KK-400Wを使用して、公転回転数1360rpm及び自転回転数1047rpmにて混合物を20分間処理することにより、混合物水溶液を得た。この混合物水溶液を石英容器に充填し、小型ロータリーキルン(株式会社モトヤマ製)を用いて酸素雰囲気中で920℃に加熱した。その後、窒素で小型ロータリーキルン内の雰囲気を置換し、同温度でアンモニアガスを小型ロータリーキルン内に100mL/minで5時間流すことにより窒化還元処理を実施した。終了後回収した粉末を乳鉢で粉砕し、Si原子を含み、粉末状のチタンブラックA-1〔チタンブラック粒子及びSi原子を含む被分散体。比表面積:73m2/g〕を得た。
得られた分散物を攪拌機により十分に攪拌し、プレミキシングを行った。更に、分散物に対し、寿工業(株)製のウルトラアペックスミルUAM015を使用して下記条件にて分散処理を行い、分散組成物を得た。分散終了後、フィルターによりビーズと分散液を分離して、チタンブラック分散組成物(T-1)を調製した。
(分散条件)
・ビーズ径:φ0.05mm
・ビーズ充填率:75体積%
・ミル周速:8m/sec
・分散処理する混合液量:500g
・循環流量(ポンプ供給量):13kg/hour
・処理液温度:25~30℃
・冷却水:水道水
・ビーズミル環状通路内容積:0.15L
・パス回数:90パス
(M-1):(KAYARAD DPCA-20:日本化薬株式会社製:下記構造で示される化合物: a=2,b=4)
(M-3):(KAYARAD DPCA-60:日本化薬株式会社製:上記構造で示される化合物a=6,b=0)
(M-4):(KAYARAD DPHA:日本化薬株式会社製:下記構造で示される化合物の混合物)
なお、表1中の「M-4」及び「M-5」に関しては、M-4及びM-5中の第3重合性化合物に該当する化合物の「分子量を重合性基数で除した比(分子量/重合性基数)」を示す。
500mL四つ口フラスコ中に、下記式(a)で表されるビスフェノールフルオレン型エポキシ樹脂(235g)(エポキシ当量235)、テトラメチルアンモニウムクロライド(110mg)、2,6-ジ-t-ブチル-4-メチルフェノール(100mg)、アクリル酸(72.0g)及びプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート(300g)を仕込み、これに25mL/分の速度で空気を吹き込みながら90~100℃で加熱溶解した。
次いで、得られたビスフェノールフルオレン型エポキシアクリレート(617.0g)にプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート(300g)を加えて溶解した後、ビフェニル-3,3',4,4'-テトラカルボン酸二酸無水物(73.5g)及び臭化テトラエチルアンモニウム(1g)を混合し、徐々に昇温して110~115℃で4時間反応させた。
酸無水物基の消失を確認した後、1,2,3,6-テトラヒドロ無水フタル酸(38.0g)を混合し、90℃で6時間反応させ、酸価100mg-KOH/g、分子量(ゲルパーミュエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)測定によるポリスチレン換算の重量平均分子量、以下同様)3,900のアルカリ可溶性樹脂(b-1)を得た。
上記エポキシアクリレート溶液(25質量部)、トリメチロールプロパン(TMP)(0.76質量部)、ビフェニルテトラカルボン酸2無水物(BPDA)(3.3質量部)、及び、テトラヒドロフタル酸無水物(THPA)(3.5質量部)を、温度計、攪拌機及び冷却管を取り付けたフラスコに入れ、攪拌しながら105℃までゆっくり昇温し反応させた。樹脂溶液が透明になったところで、メトキシブチルアセテートで希釈し、固形分50質量%となるよう調製し、酸価131mgKOH/g、GPCで測定したポリスチレン換算の重量平均分子量(Mw)2600のアルカリ可溶性樹脂(b-2)(カルボキシル基含有エポキシ(メタ)アクリレート樹脂(b-2))を得た。
日本化薬(株)製「XD1000」(ジシクロペンタジエン・フェノール重合物のポリグリシジルエーテル、エポキシ当量252)(300質量部)、メタクリル酸(87質量部)、p-メトキシフェノール(0.2質量部)、トリフェニルホスフィン(5質量部)、及び、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート(255質量部)を反応容器に仕込み、100℃で酸価が3.0mgKOH/gになるまで攪拌した。次いで、更にテトラヒドロ無水フタル酸(145質量部)を反応容器に添加し、120℃で4時間反応させ、固形分50質量%、酸価100mgKOH/g、GPCで測定したポリスチレン換算の重量平均分子量(Mw)2600のアルカリ可溶性樹脂(b-3)(カルボキシル基含有エポキシ(メタ)アクリレート樹脂(b-3))を得た。
(I-1)α-アミノケトン系開始剤:Irgacure-907(商品名、BASFジャパン社製)
(I-2)α-アミノケトン系開始剤:Irgacure-369(商品名、BASFジャパン社製)
(I-3)OXE-03:Irgacure OXE01(商品名、BASFジャパン社製)
(I-4)OXE-04:Irgacure OXE02(商品名、BASFジャパン社)
(I-5)下記構造の化合物
(S-1)プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート(PGMEA)(沸点:146℃)
(S-2)シクロペンタノン(沸点:131℃)
(S-3)シクロヘキサノン(沸点:155℃)
(S-4)シクロヘキサノ-ルアセテート(沸点:173℃)
(S-5)プロピレングリコールジメチルエーテル(沸点:175℃)
(S-6)ジプロピレングリコールメチルエーテルアセテート(沸点:213℃)
(S-7)ジエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテルアセテート(沸点:247℃)
AD―1:SH6040(東レ・ダウコーニング社製)
<界面活性剤>
SF―1:F-475(大日本インキ化学工業社製)
<重合禁止剤>
A―1:4-メトキシフェノール
全固形分に対する各成分の質量%が表2~4に記載の組成となるように各成分を混合し、更に、固形分濃度が15質量%となるように各種溶剤を加え、スターラーにより攪拌して、硬化性組成物を調製した。
調製した硬化性組成物を8インチのシリコン基板上にスピンコート法により露光後の膜厚が2.0μmとなるように塗布し、塗膜に対して100℃のホットプレートを用いて120秒間加熱処理(プリベーク)を行い、硬化性組成物層を得た。その後、欠陥検査装置ComPLUS(アプライドマテリアルズ社製)を使用して、硬化性組成物層の表面の0.5μm以上の欠陥数を検査した。
次に、形成した硬化性組成物層を、温度23℃及び湿度45%環境下で72時間にわたって引き置きした後、再度、欠陥検査装置ComPLUS(アプライドマテリアルズ社製)を使用して、硬化性組成物層の表面の0.5μm以上の欠陥数を検査し、引き置き前後での欠陥数の差(引き置き後の欠陥数-引き置き前の欠陥数)を算出した。下記観点で欠陥評価を行い、A~Bが実用上問題ないレベルと判断した。
(評価基準)
A:欠陥数の差が50個以下で実用上問題ないレベル。
B:欠陥数の差が50個より多く、300個以下で実用上問題ないレベル。
C:欠陥数の差が300個より多く、実用上問題のあるレベル。
調製した硬化性組成物を8インチのシリコン基板上にスピンコート法により露光後の膜厚が2.0μmとなるように塗布し、塗膜に対して100℃のホットプレートを用いて120秒間加熱処理(プリベーク)を行い、硬化性組成物層を得た。その後、欠陥検査装置ComPLUS(アプライドマテリアルズ社製)を使用して、硬化性組成物層の表面の0.5μm以上の欠陥数を検査した。下記観点で欠陥評価を行った。
(評価基準)
A:欠陥数が100個以下で実用上問題ないレベル。
B:欠陥数が100個より多く、300以下で実用上問題ないレベル。
C:欠陥数が300個より多く、実用上問題のあるレベル。
<欠陥評価>と同様の手順によって硬化性組成物層を形成した。次に、i線ステッパー露光装置FPA-3000i5+(Canon(株)製)を使用して基板全域に200mJ/cm2の露光量で露光し、硬化膜を得た。接触式膜厚計(Dektak)を用いて、硬化膜の膜厚を56点測定し、その3σを算出した。
下記観点で面内均一性の評価を行った。
(評価基準)
A:3σが0.1μm以下
B:3σが0.1μm以上、0.5μm未満
C:3σが0.5μm以上
CT-4000L(富士フイルムエレクトロニクスマテリアルズ社製)が0.1μmの膜厚で形成された8インチのシリコン基板に、調製した硬化性組成物をスピンコート法により露光後の膜厚が2.0μmとなるように塗布した後、100℃のホットプレートを用いて120秒間加熱処理(プリベーク)を行い、硬化性組成物層を得た。
その後、i線ステッパー露光装置FPA-3000i5+(Canon(株)製)を使用して所定のマスクを介して200mJ/cm2の露光量で、硬化性組成物層を露光した。露光後の硬化性組成物層に対し、テトラメチルアンモニウムハイドロオキサイド0.3%水溶液を用い、23℃での30秒間のパドル現像を行った。その後、スピンシャワーにてリンス処理を行い、更に純水にて水洗し、幅100μmの線形パターンを有するパターン状の硬化膜を得た。
上記<パターン状の硬化膜の作製>で作製したパターン状の硬化膜を有するシリコン基板を走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)で確認し、現像部分の膜面を観察した。
下記観点で残渣の評価を行った。
(評価基準)
A:残渣が基板内に見られず、実用上問題ないレベル。
B:残渣が基板内に数箇所見られ、実用上問題ないレベル。
C:残渣が基板内一部に見られ、基板内一部を除けば実用上問題ないレベル。
D:残渣が基板内全面に見られ、問題があるレベル。
E:現像部分に膜が残っており、使用不可なレベル
上記<パターン状の硬化膜の作製>で作製したパターン状の硬化膜を有するシリコン基板の断面をSEMで確認し、パターンエッジにおける庇の幅を計測した。下記観点でアンダーカットの評価を行った。
(評価基準)
A:アンダーカットが3μm以下であり、実用上問題ないレベル。
B:アンダーカットが3μmより大きく、5μm以下であり、実用上問題ないレベル。
C:アンダーカットが5μmより大きく、10μm以下であり、実用上問題ないレベル。
D:アンダーカットが10μmより大きく実用上問題があるレベル。
上記<パターン状の硬化膜の作製>で作製したパターン状の硬化膜に対して更に200℃のホットプレートを用いて300秒間加熱処理(ポストベーク)を行った。
その後、光学顕微鏡MT-3600LW(FLOVEL社製)を使用して、硬化膜のパターンエッジの外観を確認し、パターン状の硬化膜の線幅を255点測定して、線幅の3σを算出した。下記観点で現像後波打ちの評価を行った。
(評価基準)
A:パターンエッジに波打ちが見られず、3σ≦1μmで実用上問題ないレベル。
B:パターンエッジに波打ちがわずかに見られるが、3σ≦5μmで実用上問題ないレベル。
C:パターンエッジに波打ちが見られる、又は、3σ>5μmで実用上問題あるレベル。
上記<パターン状の硬化膜の作製>の現像前の露光された硬化性組成物層の露光部の膜厚と、現像後に得られた硬化膜の膜厚とを接触式膜厚計(Dektak)にて測定し、膜厚変化率を下記計算式の様にして算出した。下記観点で残膜率の評価を行った。
残膜率(%)=(現像後に得られた硬化膜の膜厚)/(現像前の露光された硬化性組成物層の露光部の膜厚)×100
(評価基準)
A:残膜率が80%以上で実用上問題ないレベル。
B:残膜率が70%以上80%未満で実用上問題ないレベル。
C:残膜率が70%より小さい。
なお、「カーボンブラック」欄の(C-1)などの表記は、カーボンブラック分散組成物(C-1)を用いたことを意図し、含有量(質量%)はカーボンブラックの含有量を表す。
また、「アルカリ可溶性樹脂」欄の「残部」とは、各実施例および比較例における全固形分(100質量%)から、アルカリ可溶性樹脂以外の成分(例えば、カーボンブラック、チタンブラック、光重合開始剤、重合性化合物、シランカップリング剤、界面活性剤、重合禁止剤、および、カーボンブラック分散組成物またはチタンブック分散組成物中の分散剤など)の合計含有量(質量%)を除したものを意図する。
なお、実施例1と7との比較より、硬化性化合物として少なくとも4種以上の化合物が含有される場合(又は、重合性化合物として、重合性基の数が異なる化合物が少なくとも3種以上含有される場合)、引き置き経時安定性評価及び現像後波打ち評価がより優れることが確認された。
また、実施例3~6と他の実施例との比較より、式(Z-1)で表される化合物と、式(Z-5)で表される化合物(好ましくは、式(Z-5-1)で表される化合物)と、式(Z-6)で表される化合物(好ましくは、式(Z-6-1)で表される化合物)と、式(Z-7)で表される化合物(好ましくは、式(Z-7-1)で表される化合物)とを含有する態様が好ましいことが確認された。
また、実施例1と3との比較より、オキシムエステル系重合開始剤を使用する場合、残膜率評価がより優れることが確認された。
また、実施例7と8との比較より、α-アミノケトン系重合開始剤を使用する場合、アンダーカット評価がより優れることが確認された。
また、実施例7と実施例13~14との比較より、第1重合性化合物が式(Z-1)で表される化合物であり、6つのRのうち2つが上記式(Z-2)で表される基であり、残余が上記式(Z-3)で表される基である化合物の場合、残渣評価がより優れることが確認された。
また、実施例7と17~21との比較より、沸点が170℃以上の溶剤を使用する場合、面内均一性評価がより優れることが確認された。
また、実施例7と35との比較より、チタンブラックを使用する場合、現像後波打ち評価及び残膜率評価がより優れることが確認された。
以下の操作により、レンズ膜を形成した。
〔1.樹脂膜の形成〕
レンズ用硬化性組成物(脂環式エポキシ樹脂(ダイセル化学社製EHPE-3150)にアリールスルホニウム塩誘導体(ADEKA社製SP-172)を1質量%添加して組成物)(2mL)を5×5cmのガラス基板(厚さ1mm、Schott社製、BK7)に塗布し、200℃で1分間加熱して硬化させ、ガラス基板上に樹脂膜を形成した。
硬化性組成物層の膜厚が2.0μmになるように、スピンコートの塗布回転数を調整して、樹脂膜を形成したガラス基板上に、実施例の硬化性組成物を均一に塗布し、表面温度120℃のホットプレートにより120秒間加熱処理した。
次に、高圧水銀灯を用い、10mmのホールパターンを有するフォトマスクを介して露光量500mJ/cm2で得られた硬化性組成物層を露光した。
露光後の硬化性組成物層に対し、テトラメチルアンモニウムハイドロオキサイド0.3質量%水溶液を用い、23℃の温度で60秒間パドル現像を行った。その後スピンシャワーにてリンスを行い、更に純水にて水洗し、ガラス基板の周縁部にパターン状の硬化膜を得た。
作製されたウエハレベルレンズアレイを切断し、これにレンズモジュールを作製した後に、固体撮像素子及びセンサ基板を取り付け、固体撮像装置を作製した。得られたウエハレベルレンズは、レンズ開口部に残渣物が無く良好な透過性を有し、かつ、硬化膜の部分の塗布面の均一性が高く、遮光性が高いものであった。
101・・・固体撮像素子
102・・・撮像部
103・・・カバーガラス
104・・・スペーサー
105・・・積層基板
106・・・チップ基板
107・・・回路基板
108・・・電極パッド
109・・・外部接続端子
110・・・貫通電極
111・・・レンズ層
112・・・レンズ材
113・・・支持体
114、115・・・遮光膜
201・・・受光素子
202・・・カラーフィルタ
201・・・受光素子
202・・・カラーフィルタ
203・・・マイクロレンズ
204・・・基板
205b・・・青色画素
205r・・・赤色画素
205g・・・緑色画素
205bm・・・ブラックマトリクス
206・・・pウェル層
207・・・読み出しゲート部
208・・・垂直転送路
209・・・素子分離領域
210・・・ゲート絶縁膜
211・・・垂直転送電極
212・・・遮光膜
213、214・・・絶縁膜
215・・・平坦化膜
Claims (18)
- カーボンブラックと、重合性化合物とを含有し、
前記重合性化合物が、ε-カプロラクトンの開環構造を有する第1重合性化合物と、水酸基を有する第2重合性化合物とを含有する、硬化性組成物。 - 前記重合性化合物が、更に、前記第1重合性化合物及び前記第2重合性化合物とは異なる化合物であって、重合性基を複数有する第3重合性化合物を含有する、請求項1に記載の硬化性組成物。
- 前記第3重合性化合物が、前記第1重合性化合物及び前記第2重合性化合物とは異なる化合物であって、重合性基を複数有し、かつ、重合性基数を分子量で除した比が0.0100以上0.0120未満である重合性化合物を含有する、請求項2に記載の硬化性組成物。
- 前記重合性化合物として、少なくとも4種以上の化合物が含有される、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の硬化性組成物。
- 前記重合性化合物として、重合性基の数が異なる化合物が少なくとも3種以上含有される、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の硬化性組成物。
- 前記重合性化合物として、重合性基の数が異なる化合物が少なくとも4種以上含有される、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の硬化性組成物。
- 6つのRのうち2つが前記式(Z-2)で表される基であり、残余が前記式(Z-3)で表される基である、請求項7に記載の硬化性組成物。
- 前記第2重合性化合物が、式(Z-4)で表される化合物及び式(Z-5)で表される化合物からなる群から選択される、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の硬化性組成物。
式(Z-4)中、Eは、各々独立に、-((CH2)yCH2O)-*1、又は、-((CH2)yCH(CH3)O)-*1を表す。yは、各々独立に、0~10の整数を表す。mは、各々独立に、0~10の整数を表す。4つのX1のうち1~3つが(メタ)アクリロイル基を表し、残余が水素原子を表す。*1は、X1側の結合位置を表す。
式(Z-5)中、Eは、各々独立に、-((CH2)yCH2O)-*1、又は、-((CH2)yCH(CH3)O)-*1を表す。yは、各々独立に、0~10の整数を表す。nは、各々独立に、0~10の整数を表す。6つのX1のうち1~5つが(メタ)アクリロイル基を表し、残余が水素原子を表す。*1は、X1側の結合位置を表す。 - 前記重合性化合物が、式(Z-1)で表される化合物と、式(Z-5)で表される化合物と、式(Z-6)で表される化合物と、式(Z-7)で表される化合物とを含有する、請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の硬化性組成物。
式(Z-2)中、R1は水素原子又はメチル基を表す。mは1又は2を表す。*は結合位置を表す。
式(Z-5)中、Eは、各々独立に、-((CH2)yCH2O)-*1、又は、-((CH2)yCH(CH3)O)-*1を表す。yは、各々独立に、0~10の整数を表す。nは、各々独立に、0~10の整数を表す。6つのX1のうち1~5つが(メタ)アクリロイル基を表し、残余が水素原子を表す。*1は、X1側の結合位置を表す。
式(Z-6)中、Eは、各々独立に、-((CH2)yCH2O)-*2、又は、-((CH2)yCH(CH3)O)-*2を表す。yは、各々独立に、0~10の整数を表す。mは、各々独立に、0~10の整数を表す。X2は、(メタ)アクリロイル基を表す。*2は、X2側の結合位置を表す。
式(Z-7)中、Eは、各々独立に、-((CH2)yCH2O)-*2、又は、-((CH2)yCH(CH3)O)-*2を表す。yは、各々独立に、0~10の整数を表す。nは、各々独立に、0~10の整数を表す。X2は、(メタ)アクリロイル基を表す。*2は、X2側の結合位置を表す。 - 更に、α-アミノケトン系重合開始剤を含有する、請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の硬化性組成物。
- 更に、オキシムエステル系重合開始剤を含有する、請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の硬化性組成物。
- 更に、硬化性基を有し、かつ、カルド構造を有するアルカリ可溶性樹脂を含有する、請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の硬化性組成物。
- 更に、沸点が170℃以上の溶剤を含有する、請求項1~13のいずれか1項に記載の硬化性組成物。
- 更に、チタンブラックを含有する、請求項1~14のいずれか1項に記載の硬化性組成物。
- 請求項1~15のいずれか1項に記載の硬化性組成物を硬化させて得られた硬化膜。
- 請求項16に記載の硬化膜を有する固体撮像装置。
- 請求項1~15のいずれか1項に記載の硬化性組成物を用いて硬化性組成物層を形成する工程と、
前記硬化性組成物層を露光する工程と、
前記露光された硬化性組成物層を現像液で現像する工程と、を有する硬化膜の製造方法。
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KR1020207007925A KR102400347B1 (ko) | 2017-09-26 | 2018-09-20 | 경화성 조성물, 경화막, 고체 촬상 장치, 및 경화막의 제조 방법 |
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