WO2018184737A1

WO2018184737A1 - Heat exchanger, use of a heat exchanger and method for producing a heat exchanger

Info

Publication number: WO2018184737A1
Application number: PCT/EP2018/025093
Authority: WO
Inventors: Christian KOCKISCH
Original assignee: Linde Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date: 2017-04-06
Filing date: 2018-04-05
Publication date: 2018-10-11
Also published as: DE102017003380A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a heat exchanger (200) for changing the temperature of a first medium (a), with an inlet chamber (210) with an inlet opening (211), via which the first medium (a) can be introduced into the inlet chamber (210), with an outlet chamber (220) with an outlet opening (221), via which the first medium (a) can be discharged from the outlet chamber (220), with multiple first ducts (230), via which the inlet chamber (210) and the outlet chamber (220) are connected such that the first medium (a) can flow from the inlet chamber (210) via the first channels (230) into the outlet chamber (220), with a jacket (251) with an inlet opening (231) and an outlet opening (232) for a second medium (b), which jacket surrounds the first ducts (230) and, therewith, forms a second duct (250) for the second medium (b) and with a bypass (260) between the inlet chamber (210) and the outlet chamber (220) for the first medium (a). This heat exchanger is characterized in that the bypass (260) runs outside of the second duct (250).

Description

description

Heat exchanger, use of a heat exchanger and method of making a heat exchanger

The invention relates to a heat exchanger for changing the temperature of a medium, the use and a method for producing such a heat exchanger.

In various applications, heat exchangers are used to cool or heat media. For example, the hot synthesis gas produced in a gasification reactor is cooled in a process gas cooler to produce high pressure steam.

When using such heat exchangers, a first medium, ie

For example, process gas, initially introduced into an inlet chamber and from there via a plurality of first channels in a spaced from the inlet chamber

Passed outlet chamber. These first channels, which are usually designed as a bundle of straight, parallel tubes and are referred to as tube-side channels are thereby surrounded by a jacket, with which together they form a second, shell-side channel. Through this second channel, a second or second medium can be performed to cool or heat the first medium flowing through the first channels. From the outlet chamber, the cooled or heated first medium can then be led out of the heat exchanger.

Furthermore, at least a portion of the first medium may be bypassed past the first channels via a bypass from the inlet chamber into the outlet chamber, whereby it is possible to control the temperature change of the first medium by adjusting the size of the bypassed portion of the first medium is set. In the prior art, the bypass is parallel to the first channels and is surrounded by them within the second channel. The disadvantage here, however, is that the bypass the cross-sectional area of the bundle of raw materials and thus also the Increased volume of the heat exchanger, which is reflected in high cost of materials and manufacturing and a large footprint.

Against this background, the task arises to provide a more compact and / or cheaper heat exchanger.

Disclosure of the invention

This object is achieved by a heat exchanger, a use of a

Heat exchanger and a method for producing a heat exchanger with the features of the independent claims solved. Embodiments are

Subject matter of the dependent claims and the following description.

Advantages of the invention

The present invention is based on a heat exchanger of the type described above, which serves for the temperature change of a first medium. Such a heat exchanger has an inlet chamber with an inlet opening, through which the first medium can be introduced into the inlet chamber. In addition, the heat exchanger has an outlet chamber with an outlet opening, through which the first medium from the outlet chamber and thus in particular also from the

Heat exchanger is herausführbar. In addition, a plurality of first channels are provided, through which the inlet chamber and the outlet chamber are connected such that the first medium from the inlet chamber via the first channels in the

Outlet chamber can flow. These first channels may be in the form of several tubes, in particular in the form of a so-called tube bundle. In this

Connection is often also of a tube bundle heat exchanger with tube-side channels talk. Furthermore, a jacket is provided with an inlet opening and an outlet opening for a second medium, which surrounds the first channels and forms with them a second channel for the second medium. The second channel may have internals such as partitions, whose task is to guide the second medium. There is also a bypass between the inlet chamber and the

Provided exit chamber for the first medium. As mentioned earlier, over such a bypass past at least a portion of the first medium past the first channels so as to eventually adjust the temperature change of the first medium. According to the invention, the stated object is achieved in that the bypass extends outside the second channel. In this configuration, the bypass is not surrounded by the first channels, which can therefore be arranged on a smaller cross-sectional area than in the prior art, so that the construction volume of the heat exchanger is reduced.

Preferably, the inlet chamber is arranged immediately adjacent to the outlet chamber and via first channels, which expediently as at least

partially arcuate extending tubes are executed, and the bypass connected to each other. Preferably, the inlet chamber and the

Exit chamber a common wall through which the bypass is guided. However, it is also possible to connect the inlet chamber with the outlet chamber via a bypass, which runs outside of the two chambers.

Particularly preferably, the inlet chamber and the outlet chamber are arranged on a common side with respect to a main extension direction of the first channels. In this case, a main direction of extension is to be understood to mean, in particular, that direction of extension of the first channels which has the largest dimensions. It is also preferred if the first channels

arcuate. Compared to a conventional, i. straight arrangement of the first channels, it is possible in this way to approximately halve the length of the heat exchanger. Despite any enlargements in the other directions, this means a significant material and cost savings.

The inlet chamber preferably has a heat-insulating, in particular also refractory, lining. Since the first medium is introduced into the inlet chamber at relatively high temperatures, for example, about 850 ° C, the use of such a liner, the efficiency of the heat exchanger can be significantly increased. In addition, it can be achieved in this way that an outer wall of the inlet chamber of a conventional material such as chromium-molybdenum steel (Cr-Mo) can be formed. This steel can be used, moreover, for example, for the outlet chamber and a second channel forming jacket.

Advantageously, the inlet chamber and the outlet chamber on a common wall, in which a closable passage opening (in addition to the bypass) is provided. By means of such a passage opening, the manufacture of the heat exchanger, in particular the attachment of the lining in the

Entry chamber, much easier. Reference should also be made to the following comments on the production of a heat exchanger.

It is also particularly preferred if a valve is provided for the bypass. Such a valve can be arranged in particular on the side of the outlet chamber. By using such a valve, a flow of a first medium from the inlet chamber into the outlet chamber can be blocked or released so as to adjust the temperature change of the first medium. By arranging the valve on the outlet chamber side, it is also achieved that this valve is subject to less degradation, for example due to certain constituents or substances in the first medium which attack the valve or its material. The reason for this is that on the side of the outlet chamber a significantly lower temperature prevails than on the side of the inlet chamber. The

Temperature on the side of the outlet chamber is for example about 330 ° C. In addition, it is particularly useful if the valve has or consists of a particularly resistant material such as Alloy 602CA. Furthermore, it is preferred if such a valve can be adjusted and / or regulated, since in this way a temperature change of the first medium can be set or regulated particularly accurately. Preferably, an adjusting and / or regulating unit for the valve can also be provided, which can be arranged in particular outside the heat exchanger or on the outside thereof. This allows a particularly easy adjustment or regulation of the valve.

Preferably, the outlet chamber and / or the second channel are each at least partially surrounded by a thermal insulation. It is also conceivable that the

Heat insulation, the outlet chamber and / or the shell-side channel completely surrounds. In this way, unnecessary heat dissipation to the outside is avoided, so that the efficiency of the heat exchanger is increased.

Advantageously, sleeves are introduced into the first channels from the inlet chamber. Such sleeves ("ferrules") serve to protect the first channels, at least on the side of the inlet chamber from degradation, for example by certain constituents or substances in the first medium which attack the material of the first channels. In this respect, it is particularly useful if the sleeves have a particularly resistant material such as Alloy 602CA or consist of this.

The invention further relates to the use of a heat exchanger according to the invention as a process gas cooler and / or as a process gas heater with the first medium as a process gas. As a first medium or as a process gas is in particular reformed gas in question, in particular from a

Synthesis gas plant may originate, as was also mentioned, for example, at the beginning. The second medium in particular gaseous medium such as water vapor or even a liquid in question. Of the

Steam or generally the second medium may have a temperature of for example about 270 ° C.

With regard to the advantages of this use, reference is made to the above statements on the heat exchanger to avoid repetition. The invention furthermore relates to a method for producing a heat exchanger according to the invention, which has the aforementioned passage opening in the common wall and a heat-insulating lining in the inlet chamber. In this case, when the through opening is opened, the first is

heat-insulating lining mounted in the inlet chamber. This means, in particular, that the passage opening initially remains free of heat-insulating lining. Subsequently, the passage opening is then closed by attaching the heat-insulating lining in the passage opening. For this purpose, for example, the heat-insulating lining can be mounted on a closure lid, which then closes the

Through hole is used. While an accessibility to the entry chamber Although it can already be ensured by the inlet opening for the first medium, such accessibility is significantly improved by this additional passage opening. In particular, the production is made possible by the mentioned method, which has a significantly faster production of the heat exchanger result.

Further advantages and embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the

Description and attached drawing. The invention is illustrated schematically by means of embodiments in the drawing and will be described below with reference to the drawing.

Brief Description of the Drawing FIG. 1 shows schematically a heat exchanger not according to the invention

Longitudinal section.

Figure 2 shows schematically a preferred embodiment of the invention heat exchanger in longitudinal section.

FIG. 3 schematically shows a further preferred embodiment

Heat exchanger according to the invention in longitudinal section.

Detailed description of the drawing:

FIG. 1 schematically shows a heat exchanger 100 which is not according to the invention, as was also mentioned at the beginning, for example. The heat exchanger 100 has an inlet chamber 110 and an outlet chamber 120. Via an inlet opening 11 1, a first medium a, for example a process gas, can be introduced into the inlet chamber and via a plurality of first or tube-side channels 130, which are present in the form of a tube bundle, for example, the first medium a can enter the inlet chamber 1 10 Outflow chamber 120 flow. Through an outlet opening 121, the first medium a can then be led out of the outlet chamber 120 and thus also out of the heat exchanger 100. Furthermore, a second or jacket-side channel 150 is provided, which is formed here by means of a jacket 151 which surrounds the tube-side channels 130. Via an inlet opening 131, a second medium b, for example water vapor, can be introduced into the shell-side channel 150, which then flows through this shell-side channel and can then be discharged again through the outlet opening 132. In this way, the flowing through the tube-side channels 130 first medium a - depending on the use - cooled or warmed. Furthermore, a bypass 160 is provided, which the inlet chamber 1 10 and the

Outlet chamber 120 connects and via which also first medium from the inlet chamber 1 10 can flow into the outlet chamber 120. However, a diameter of this bypass 160 is significantly larger than the diameter of the individual tube-side channels or tubes 130. For the bypass 160, a valve 161 is additionally provided, which can be adjusted by means of an adjusting device 162, so that a volume flow through the bypass 160 can be adjusted. In this way, a cooling or heating of the first medium a can be set.

In the inlet chamber 1 10 is a heat-insulating, in particular refractory lining 1 12 is provided. On the outside of the shell-side channel 150 and the jacket 151, optionally also on the outside of the outlet chamber 120, a thermal insulation 125 is also provided. From the side of the inlet chamber 1 10 also sleeves 135 are inserted into the tube-side channels 130. At the inlet chamber 1 10, an access opening 170 is also provided, by which it is possible to attach the liner 1 12 within the inlet chamber 1 10.

FIG. 2 shows schematically a heat exchanger 200 according to the invention in a preferred embodiment. The heat exchanger 200 has an inlet chamber 210 and an outlet chamber 220. Compared to that

Heat exchanger according to Figure 1, the inlet chamber 210 and the outlet chamber 220 are arranged adjacent to each other here and have a common wall 215 on. In particular, the entry chamber 210 and the exit chamber 220 may be made of a single chamber separated by the wall 215 into two parts becomes. Both the inlet chamber 210 and the outlet chamber 220 and the common wall 215 may be made of chromium-molybdenum steel, for example.

Via an inlet opening 211, a first medium a, which is about a process gas, for example, with a temperature of about 850 ° C in the

Entry chamber 210 are introduced. Via a plurality of first or tube-side channels 230, which may be in the form of a tube bundle, the first medium a can flow from the inlet chamber 210 into the outlet chamber 220, in which case a temperature of, for example, about 330 ° C., in particular at one pressure of about 28 bar, is present. Through an outlet opening 221, the first medium a can then be led out of the outlet chamber 220 and thus also out of the heat exchanger 200.

According to the arrangement of the inlet chamber 210 and the outlet chamber 220, the first channels 230 are designed as curved, in particular U-shaped tubes. Compared to the heat exchanger shown in Figure 1 so with the same length of the individual tube-side channels significantly smaller dimensions of the entire heat exchanger, at least in its largest dimension, possible when the individual tubes are bent.

Furthermore, a second or jacket-side channel 250 is provided, which is formed by means of a jacket 251, which surrounds the tube-side channels 230. Via an inlet opening 231, a second medium b, for example water vapor, can be introduced into the shell-side channel 250. The water vapor or the second medium b, may have a temperature of about 270 ° C, in particular at a pressure of about 52 bar. The second medium b can then flow through this shell-side channel 250 and then be discharged through the outlet opening 232 again from the shell-side channel 250 or the heat exchanger 200. Within the jacket 251 also partitions or baffles may be provided, as marked for example by the reference numeral 240, to guide the second medium b through the shell-side channel 250 in a suitable manner. Both the jacket 251 and the tube-side channels or tubes 230 may be made of chromium-molybdenum steel, for example. Furthermore, a bypass 260 is provided, the inlet chamber 210 and

Exit chamber 220 connects while passing through the wall 215. In the case shown, the bypass 260 is formed by a short piece of pipe. Via this bypass 260, first medium can flow from the inlet chamber 210 into the outlet chamber 220. For the bypass 260 is also provided in valve 261, here in the form of a flap. The valve 261 is arranged here on the side of the outlet chamber 220 and may for example consist of or comprise the material Alloy 602CA.

On the outside of the heat exchanger 200, an adjusting or regulating unit 262 is provided with which the valve 261 can be adjusted or regulated. In the case shown, for example, a connecting rod for actuating the flap may be provided in order to be able to vary the opening of the flap.

In the inlet chamber 210, a heat-insulating, in particular refractory, lining 1 12 is provided. This can also be bricked in particular. This lining 212 can be introduced during assembly or production of the heat exchanger 200 in such a way that the majority of the lining 212 in the inlet chamber 210 is first attached via a through-opening 270, possibly also through the inlet opening 21 1. Subsequently, the

Through hole 270 are closed by a suitable cover or the like with attachment of the remaining liner.

In the thickness of the lining, in particular on the common wall 215, care should be taken that no or at least no excessive heat loss due to the different temperatures in the inlet chamber 210 and the

Exit chamber 220 occurs.

On the outside of the shell-side channel 250 and the jacket 221 and partially also on the outside of the outlet chamber 220, a thermal insulation 225 is also provided. From the side of the inlet chamber 210, sleeves 235 are additionally introduced into the tube-side channels 230 up to a certain length. These sleeves 235 may in particular comprise or consist of Alloy 602CA. This is a material that protects against corrosion. In FIG. 3, a heat exchanger 300 according to the invention is in another

preferred embodiment shown schematically. Like the heat exchanger 200 shown in FIG. 2, the heat exchanger 300 has an inlet chamber 310 and an outlet chamber 320, which adjoin one another and have a common wall 31 5. The inlet chamber 310 is connected to the outlet chamber 320 also with a bypass 360, which does not extend through the common wall 315, but outside of the two chambers. Integrated in the bypass 360 is a valve 361 designed, for example, as a flap, via which the volume flow guided through the bypass 360 can be regulated or adjusted. For the further construction of the heat exchanger 300 are made in the description of Figure 2

Versions.

Claims

claims

1 . Heat exchanger (200) for changing the temperature of a first medium (a) having an inlet chamber (210) with an inlet opening (211), through which the first medium (a) in the inlet chamber (210) can be introduced,

with an outlet chamber (220) having an outlet opening (221) through which the first medium (a) can be led out of the outlet chamber (220),

with a plurality of first channels (230), via which the inlet chamber (210) and the outlet chamber (220) are connected such that the first medium (a) from the inlet chamber (210) via the first channels (230) into the outlet chamber (220 ) can flow

with a jacket (251) having an inlet opening (231) and an outlet opening (232) for a second medium (b), which surrounds the first channels (230) and with this a second channel (250) for the second medium (b) forms as well

with a bypass (260) between the inlet chamber (210) and the

Exit chamber (220) for the first medium (a),

characterized in that the bypass (260) extends outside of the second channel (250).

2. Heat exchanger (200) according to claim 1, wherein the inlet chamber (210) and the outlet chamber (220) with a common wall (215) are executed.

3. Heat exchanger (200) according to claim 2, wherein the bypass (260) through the

common wall (215) is guided.

4. Heat exchanger (300) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the inlet chamber (310) and the outlet chamber (320) are connected by a bypass extending outside the two chambers (360).

5. Heat exchanger (200) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first channels (230) extend in a U-shape.

6. Heat exchanger (200) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the

Entry chamber (210) has a heat-insulating, in particular refractory, lining (212).

7. Heat exchanger (200) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the inlet chamber (210) and the outlet chamber (220) have a common wall, in which a closable passage opening (270) is provided.

8. Heat exchanger (200) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein an adjustable and / or controllable valve (261) is provided for the bypass (260).

9. Heat exchanger (200) according to claim 8, with an adjustment and / or control unit (262) for the valve (261), in particular in the outer region of the

Heat exchanger (220) is arranged.

10. Heat exchanger (200) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the

Outlet chamber (220) and / or the second channel (250) are each at least partially surrounded by a heat insulation (225).

1 1. Heat exchanger (200) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein from the side of the inlet chamber (210) sleeves (235) are introduced into the first channels (230).

12. Use of a heat exchanger (200) according to one of the preceding

Claims as a process gas cooler and / or as a process gas heater with the first medium (a) as a process gas.

13. Use according to claim 12, wherein the first medium (a) is a reformed gas which originates in particular from a synthesis gas plant.

14. Use according to claim 12 or 13, wherein as a second medium (b) a

gaseous medium, in particular water vapor, or a liquid is used.

15. A method for producing a heat exchanger (200) according to one of

Claims 1 to 10 in reference to claim 3 and 4, wherein the

heat-insulating lining (212) is mounted in the passage chamber (210) with the passage opening (270) open, in which case the Through opening (270) with attachment of the heat-insulating lining (212) in the region of the passage opening (270) is closed.