WO2017174444A1 - Trimethylolpropane derivatives - Google Patents
Trimethylolpropane derivatives Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2017174444A1 WO2017174444A1 PCT/EP2017/057602 EP2017057602W WO2017174444A1 WO 2017174444 A1 WO2017174444 A1 WO 2017174444A1 EP 2017057602 W EP2017057602 W EP 2017057602W WO 2017174444 A1 WO2017174444 A1 WO 2017174444A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- compounds
- compositions
- coating
- trimethylolpropane
- acrylic acid
- Prior art date
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- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical class CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- KWVGIHKZDCUPEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(OC)(OC)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWVGIHKZDCUPEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C07C69/34—Esters of acyclic saturated polycarboxylic acids having an esterified carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom
- C07C69/44—Adipic acid esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/46—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation
- C08F2/48—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation by ultraviolet or visible light
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D133/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D133/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
- C09D133/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, the oxygen atom being present only as part of the carboxyl radical
- C09D133/08—Homopolymers or copolymers of acrylic acid esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D4/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on organic non-macromolecular compounds having at least one polymerisable carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond ; Coating compositions, based on monomers of macromolecular compounds of groups C09D183/00 - C09D183/16
Definitions
- the present invention relates to trimethylolpropane derivatives of special structure which are suitable for coating the surfaces of solid substrates.
- DE-A-102010044206 describes radiation-curable mixtures obtainable by reacting (meth) acrylic acid with 3.0- to 4.0-fold propoxylated glycerol, followed by removal of excess (meth) acrylic acid from the resulting reaction mixture by means of an aqueous extraction.
- EP-A-680.985 describes a process for the preparation of radiation-curable acrylates, in which in a first stage hydroxy compounds are reacted with (meth) acrylic acid and the resulting reaction product is subsequently reacted with epoxides in or before the subsequent second stage.
- the hydroxy compounds may be polyols, in particular trimethylolpropane, glycerol or pentaerythritol.
- the polyols may be oxalkylated, it being merely disclosed that the degree of alkoxylation may be 0 to 10 and preferably 1 to 10.
- the cured coatings, in particular the UV-cured coatings should have good intrinsic properties. Shanks in terms of hardness and elasticity and chemical and food resistance, in particular with respect to black tea and banana and pencil.
- compositions ( ⁇ ) obtainable by reacting in a first step, compositions ( ⁇ ) with a dicarboxylic acid (IIIa) and / or their anhydride (IIIb) and (meth) acrylic acid (IV), wherein the compounds (Ma) and (Illb) have a molecular weight below 300 g / mol, with the proviso that the compositions ( ⁇ ) are compositions which are obtainable by adding ethylene oxide to trimethylolpropane, wherein the Compositions ( ⁇ ) have an OHN (Hydroxyliere) in the range of 538 to 572 mg KOH / g - measured according to DIN 53240 -, wherein in the reaction of the compositions ( ⁇ ) with the compounds ( ⁇ ) and (meth) acrylic acid (IV) the reaction ratios of the reactants adjusted so that per mol of OH groups of the compositions (II) 0.05 to 0.5 mol of the compounds ( ⁇ ) and 0.8 to 1.5 mol of (
- the term "reacted" in the second step implies that the oxirane groups of the compounds (V) used are consumed, and therefore no free compounds (V) are present at the end of the second step ) is used in an amount such that it completely reacts out, with the result that no free epoxide is present in the end product.
- the compositions (II) have an OH number (hydroxyl number) in the range from 554 to 572 mg KOH / g - measured according to DIN 53240 - on.
- the reaction ratios of the reactants are such that one per mole of OH groups the compositions ( ⁇ ) 0.2 to 0.7 mol, preferably 0.3 to 0.6 mol of the compounds ( ⁇ ) and 0.8 to 1.5 mol of (meth) acrylic acid (IV) is used.
- (IV) is used in an amount of 1.08 to 1.2 moles of (meth) acrylic acid per mole of OH groups of the compositions ( ⁇ ).
- the use of acrylic acid as compound (IV) is preferred.
- compositions ( ⁇ ) with a mixture of the compounds ( ⁇ ) and (IV) is reacted, wherein the term "compounds ( ⁇ )” both the compounds (IIIa), and the compounds (Elb), as well as mixtures of the compounds (Ma) and (IIIb).
- the substances (I) have an acid number - determined according to ISO 3682 - of less than 6 mg KOH / g.
- compositions ( ⁇ ) can be prepared per all methods known to the chemist.
- the compositions (II) are prepared by reacting ethylene oxide in the presence of a base, preferably sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or sodium methoxide, with trimethylolpropane at elevated temperature.
- the compositions ( ⁇ ) are essentially mixtures of trimethylolpropane, oligo-trimethylolpropanes, ethoxylated trimethylolpropane and ethoxylated oligotrimethylolpropanes.
- the proportion of trimethylolpropane and oligotrimethylolpropanes in the compositions ( ⁇ ) is less than 0.35 mol - based on the total composition (II).
- the bases to be used as catalysts for the ethoxylation can also be:
- Cesium hydroxide trimethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine, tributylamine, ⁇ , ⁇ '-dimethylethanolamine, ⁇ , ⁇ '-dimethylcyclohexylamine, dimethylethylamine, dimethylbutylamine, ⁇ , ⁇ '-dimethylaniline, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, ⁇ , ⁇ '-dimethylbenzylamine, pyridine, imidazole, N-methylimidazole, 2-methylimidazole, 4-methylimidazole, 5-methylimidazole, 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole, 2,4-dimethylimidazole, 1-hydroxypropylimidazole, 2,4,5-trimethylimidazole, 2-ethylimidazole, 2-ethyl 4-methylimidazole, N-phenylimidazole, 2-phenylimidazole, 4-phenylimidazole, guanidine, alkylated
- the compounds ( ⁇ ) are dicarboxylic acids (Ma) or their anhydrides (Elb).
- the compounds ( ⁇ ) have a molecular weight below 300 g / mol, preferably below 200 g / mol and in particular below 150 g / mol.
- the compounds ( ⁇ ) are selected from the group of adipic acid, maleic anhydride and phthalic anhydride.
- the compounds (IV) are acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid. The sole use of acrylic acid is preferred.
- the compounds (V) are polyfunctional epoxides. Preference is given to using di- and / or trifunctional epoxides. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the compounds (V) are selected from the group consisting of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether and the polyglycidyl ether of pentaerythritol.
- the compounds (I) can be prepared per all methods known to the chemist. In particular, reference is made in this context to the knowledge of the skilled person that is disclosed in the above-mentioned document DE-A-102010044206.
- the compounds (I) are preferably prepared as follows: In a first step, the compositions (II) are reacted with a mixture of the compounds (II) and (IV), the reaction being carried out under the abovementioned conditions, and reaction mixture obtained in the first step with one or more polyfunctional epoxides (V) in a second step, the reaction being carried so far that the acid number of the reaction mixture obtained in the second step is 10 mg KOH per g of substance or less.
- the epoxide (V) is used in an amount such that it completely reacts, and consequently no free epoxide is present in the end product.
- the acid number of the reaction mixture used in the second step is preferably adjusted to a value in the range from 20 to 70 mg KOH / g of substance. On the one hand, this can be done by correspondingly adjusting the proportions of the reactants in the first step If desired, it can also be done by additionally metering (meth) acrylic acid after carrying out the first step and before carrying out the second step.
- compositions comprising one or more trimethylolpropane derivatives (I). Preference is given to coating compositions whose compounds (I) are those which are prepared by using acrylic acid as compound (IV).
- Another subject of the invention is the use of the compounds (I) for coating the surfaces of solid substrates.
- the nature of the substrate is not limited per se. Examples of suitable substrates are for example textile, leather, metal, plastic, glass, wood, paper or cardboard. Preferred substrates are wood and paper.
- Another subject of the invention is the use of coating compositions comprising one or more trimethylolpropane derivatives (I) for coating the surfaces of solid substrates.
- the nature of the substrate is not limited per se. Examples of suitable substrates are for example textile, leather, metal, plastic, glass, wood, paper or cardboard. Preferred substrates are wood and paper.
- coating compositions encompasses any type of compositions which are applied to the surface of a substrate to be coated and then cured, if appropriate after previous drying, in particular the term “coating compositions” includes all types of coatings.
- lacquer is to be understood as meaning a coating composition which may be liquid or pulverulent and which is applied thinly in thin layers to an article, ie the substrate to be coated, and then cured also the section below on the term “coating”.
- the coating compositions according to the invention may contain, in addition to the compounds (I), additional radiation-curable compounds and further further typical coatings additives, for example antioxidants, stabilizers, activators (accelerators), fillers, pigments, dyes, antistatic agents, flame retardants, thickeners, thixotropic agents, surface-active agents. chenepten agents, viscosity modifiers, plasticizers or chelating agents can be used.
- additional radiation-curable compounds for example antioxidants, stabilizers, activators (accelerators), fillers, pigments, dyes, antistatic agents, flame retardants, thickeners, thixotropic agents, surface-active agents. chenenten agents, viscosity modifiers, plasticizers or chelating agents can be used.
- the coating compositions according to the invention may also comprise further radiation-curable components which are not encompassed by the formula (I).
- chelating agents e.g. Ethylenediamine and their salts and ß-diketones are used.
- Suitable fillers include silicates, e.g. Example by hydrolysis of silicon tetrachloride available silicates such as Aerosil® the Fa. Degussa, silica, talc, aluminum silicates, magnesium silicates, calcium carbonate, etc.
- silicates e.g. Example by hydrolysis of silicon tetrachloride available silicates such as Aerosil® the Fa. Degussa, silica, talc, aluminum silicates, magnesium silicates, calcium carbonate, etc.
- Suitable stabilizers include typical UV absorbers such as oxanilides, triazines and benzotriazole (the latter available as Tinuvin® grades from Ciba Specialty Chemicals) and benzophenones. These can be used alone or together with suitable radical scavengers, for example sterically hindered amines such as 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 2,6-di-tert-butylpiperidine or their derivatives, eg. As bis (2,2,6,6-tetra-methyl-4-piperi-dyl) sebacinate used. Stabilizers are usually used in amounts of from 0.1 to 5.0% by weight, based on the solid components contained in the preparation.
- Pigments may also be included in the coating compositions. Pigments are according to CD Römpp Chemie Lexikon - Version 1.0, Stuttgart / New York: Georg Thieme Verlag 1995 with reference to DIN 55943 particulate "practically insoluble in the application medium, inorganic or organic, colored or achromatic colorants". In this case, practically insoluble means a solubility at 25 ° C. under 1 g / 1000 g of application medium, preferably below 0.5, more preferably below 0.25, even more preferably below 0.1 and in particular below 0.05 g / 1000 g of application medium.
- a pigment it must be ensured that either the curing is carried out with electron beams or that a photoinitiator is used which, despite the pigmentation Rangs can be activated by the irradiated radiation, for example by the photoinitiator has a significant absorbance in a wavelength range in which the pigment is sufficiently permeable to the incident radiation. It is a preferred embodiment of the present invention not to use a pigment and to use the coating composition in clearcoats.
- pigments include any systems of absorption and / or effect pigments, preferably absorption pigments. Number and selection of the pigment components are not subject to any restrictions. They can be adapted to the particular requirements, for example the desired color impression, as desired.
- Effect pigments are to be understood as meaning all pigments which have a platelet-like structure and impart special decorative color effects to a surface coating.
- the effect pigments are, for example, all effect pigments which can usually be used in vehicle and industrial coating applications.
- Examples of such effect pigments are pure metal pigments; such as aluminum, iron or copper pigments;
- Interference pigments such as titanium dioxide-coated mica, iron oxide-coated mica, mixed oxide-coated mica (eg with titanium dioxide and Fe 2 O 3 or titanium dioxide and Cr 2 O 3 ), metal oxide-coated aluminum, or liquid crystal pigments.
- the coloring absorption pigments are, for example, customary organic or inorganic absorption pigments which can be used in the coatings industry.
- organic absorption pigments are azo pigments, phthalocyanine, quinacridone and pyrrolopyrrole pigments.
- inorganic absorption pigments are iron oxide pigments, titanium dioxide and carbon black.
- Mono- and / or bisacylphosphine oxides such as 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl-diphenyl-phosphine oxide (Irgacure® TPO from BASF SE), ethyl 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphenylphosphinate (TPO-L from BASF SE), bis ( 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) -phenylphosphine oxide (Irgacure® 819 from BASF SE),
- Benzophenones hydroxyacetophenones, phenylglyoxylic acid and its derivatives or mixtures of these photoinitiators. Examples which may be mentioned are: benzophenone, acetophenone, acetonaphthoquinone, methyl ethyl ketone, valerophenone, hexanophenone, ⁇ -phenylbutyrophenone, p-morpholinopropiophenone, dibenzosuberone, 4-morpholinobenzophenone, 4-morpholinodeoxybenzoin, p-diacetylbenzene, 4-aminobenzophenone, 4'- Methoxyacetophenone, ⁇ -methylanthraquinone, tert-butylanthraquinone, anthraquinone-carboxylic acid ester, benzaldehyde, ⁇ -tetralone, 9-acetylphenanthrene, 2-acetylphenanthren
- non- or slightly yellowing photoinitiators of the phenylglyoxalate ester type are also suitable.
- mixtures of different photoinitiators include, for example, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-2-one and 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, bis (2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl) -2,4,4-trimethylpentylphosphine oxide and 2-hydroxy -2-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-1-one, benzophenone and 1-hydroxy-cyclohexyl-phenylketone, bis (2,6- dimethoxybenzoyl) -2,4,4-trimethylpentylphosphine oxide and 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide and 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropane-1-one, 2,4,6 Trimethylbenzophenone and 4-methylbenzophenone or 2,4,6-trimethylbenzophenone and 4-methylbenzophenone and 2,4,6-trimethylbenzophenone and 2,4,6-trimethyl
- Preferred photoinitiators are:
- the coating compositions preferably contain the photoinitiators in an amount of 0.05 to 10% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 8% by weight, in particular 0.2 to 5% by weight, based on the total amount of curable material present in the coating compositions components.
- Another object of the invention is a process for coating the surfaces of solid substrates, wherein one or more compounds (I) or coating compositions containing one or more compounds (I) applied to the surface of a solid substrate and then performs radiation curing, in particular by means UV light. It is preferred that the radiation curing is a curing with UV light of the wavelength in the range of 200 to 500 nm.
- Coating also referred to as “coating” means processes which serve to apply a firmly adhering layer to the surface of a workpiece - the substrate.
- the applied layer is called a coating.
- the usual coating methods differ in the way in which the coating compositions are applied in chemical, mechanical, thermal and thermomechanical processes.
- the UV curing is preferred, which induces a chemical crosslinking of the compounds (I) contained in the coating compositions.
- the coating of the surfaces of solid substrates with the compounds (I) to be used according to the invention is carried out by customary methods known to the person skilled in the art, wherein the desired compound (I) or a coating composition which contains one or more compounds (I) in the desired strength the substrate is applied and at least partially radiation hardened. In this case, complete radiation curing is preferred. If desired, this process can be repeated one or more times.
- the application to the substrate can in a known manner, for. Example by spraying, filling, doctoring, brushing, rolling, rolling, casting, laminating, injection molding or co-extrusion, preferably by spraying and rolling.
- a spraying method e.g. Air pressure, Airless or electrostatic spray application find.
- UV light or electron radiation is preferred.
- UV light is preferred in the wavelength range of 200 to 500 nm, and more preferably 250 to 400 nm.
- the coating thickness is preferably adjusted so that the coating thickness of the uncured acrylate is in the range of about 3-1000 g / m 2 and preferably 10-200 g / m 2 .
- dry film thickness is understood to mean the layer thickness of a dried or hardened coating.
- drying in this context implies that solvents present in a coating composition, for example water or organic solvents, have evaporated.
- hardening implies that crosslinking of the coating composition takes place. It should be emphasized that the term "dry layer thickness” here is to be understood purely phenomenologically as the layer thickness which has a dried and / or hardened coating.
- T g value glass transition temperature.
- the radiation curing can be carried out under oxygen-containing atmosphere or under inert gas, the latter being preferred.
- drying and / or radiation curing may take place after each coating operation.
- Suitable radiation sources for radiation curing are e.g. Low-pressure mercury lamps, medium-pressure lamps with high-pressure lamps as well as fluorescent tubes, pulse emitters, LED lamps, metal halide lamps, lasers, pulsed lamps (flashlight), halogen lamps, electronic flash units which enable radiation curing without a photoinitiator, or excimer radiators.
- the irradiation may optionally also in the absence of oxygen, for. B. under inert gas atmosphere, carried out.
- inert gases are preferably nitrogen, noble gases, carbon dioxide, or combustion gases.
- Particularly suitable amines are: compounds with primary or secondary amines having a molecular weight below 1000 g / mol. These include, for example, primary monoamines such as C 1-2 o-alkylamines, in particular n-butylamine, n-hexylamine, 2-ethylhexylamine, octadecylamine and cycloaliphatic amines cyclopentylamine or cyclohexylamine or primary amine-containing amines such as methoxypropylamine.
- primary monoamines such as C 1-2 o-alkylamines, in particular n-butylamine, n-hexylamine, 2-ethylhexylamine, octadecylamine and cycloaliphatic amines cyclopentylamine or cyclohexylamine or primary amine-containing amines such as methoxypropylamine.
- secondary amines include di-C 1 -C 2 -alkylamines, in particular diethylamine, di-n-butylamine, di-n-hexylamine, and di-isopropylamine.
- its alkanolamines for example mono- or diethanolamine, dimethylethanolamine, aminoethoxyethanol, 2-aminopropan-1-ol and diisopropanolamine, are mentioned.
- Viscosity The viscosity of the substances as such was measured with a Brookfield viscometer at 25 ° C, speed gradient of 1000 s-1, according to DIN EN ISO 3219 / A.3. Acid value: Measured according to DIN EN ISO 2114
- Pendulum damping The pendulum damping (often referred to as pendulum hardness) of coatings which resulted when the substances to be tested had been applied to the surfaces of solid substrates and cured by UV radiation, the so-called King pendulum hardness, were measured according to DIN 53157. In this method, the pendulum damping is specified in seconds.
- Hazenf arbiere The Hazenf arbiere was measured with the Lange Lico 400 device in accordance with DIN EN ISO 6271.
- Chemical or food resistance The chemical test with black tea and with banana pieces of a ripe banana (slice thickness 0.5 cm) was carried out in accordance with DIN 68861-1, the exposure time was 48 hours. The evaluation was carried out according to DIN EN12720: 1997-10: scale from 5 to 1, whereby 5 represents the best grade (no change).
- Pencil Test Bonder®Blech was twice painted with a HB2 pencil over a learning 2 large area with a writing-like print.
- the term “twice” means that a double layer of pencil was applied, half of which was on top of the varnish and the other half on top of the Bonder® sheet, and then twice with dry kitchen paper wiped without further additives such as water, solvents or cleaning agents, wiping the kitchen paper over the painted surface in the direction from painted surface to unpainted surface (Bonder®Blech only) with slight pressure.
- the evaluation was carried out according to DIN EN12720: 1997-10 : Scale from 5 to 1, where 5 represents the best grade (no change). Examples
- Comparative Examples VI to V3 were prepared, each having different degrees of EO.
- TMP trimethylolpropane
- Step 1 671.05 g of the composition prepared according to Example 1, 161.83 g of adipic acid, 400 g of methylcyclohexane, 362.32 g of acrylic acid, 1.2 g of Kerobit TBK, 3.6 g of methylhydroquinone, 0.036 g of phenothiazine and 1.2 g of H3PO2 were introduced into the original , Then, 6 g of sulfuric acid (catalyst) and 4.8 g of water were added. The temperature was adjusted to 96 to 107 ° C. lifted and kept in this area. The progress of the reaction was determined by the amount of the reaction water formed. After about 11 hours the reaction was complete and the solvent was removed at reduced pressure.
- Step 2 To the reaction mixture obtained in step 1 was added 152.28 g of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (commercial product Epikote 828) and 31.53 g of tetrabutylammonium bromide, and the mixture was heated to 108 ° C for 7 hours.
- Comparative Example C4 were prepared, wherein the substance according to Comparative Example VI esterified in the first step with adipic acid and acrylic acid and in the second step, the reaction bisphenol A diglycidyl ether.
- the substance according to Comparative Example C4 and the substance according to Example 2 were characterized and the corresponding values can be taken from Table 2:
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Abstract
The invention relates to trimethylolpropane derivatives (I), obtained via the reaction of compositions (II) with a dicarboxylic acid (IIIa) and/or the anhydride (IIIb) thereof and (meth)acrylic acid (IV) in a first step, wherein the compounds (IIIa) and (IIIb) have a molar weight below 300 g/mol, provided that the compositions (II) are compositions that can be obtained via the addition of ethylene oxide to trimethylolpropane, wherein the compounds (II) have an OHN (hydroxyl number) in the region of 538 to 572 mg KOH/g, measured according to DIN 53240, wherein, during the reaction of the compositions (II) with the compounds (III) and (meth)acrylic acid (IV), the reaction ratios of the reactants are adjusted in such a way that 0.05 to 0.5 mol of the compounds (III) and 0.8 to 1.5 mol of (meth)acrylic acid (IV) is introduced per mole of the OH groups of the compositions (II), and the reaction mixture obtained in the first step is reacted with one or more multifunctional epoxides (V) in a second step, provided that the acid number of the reaction mixture obtained in the second step is 10 mg KOH per gram of substance or less. The compounds (I) are suitable for coating the surfaces of solid substrates.
Description
Trimethylolpropan-Derivate Trimethylolpropane derivatives
Gebiet der Erfindung Field of the invention
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft Trimethylolpropan-Derivate spezieller Struktur, die sich zur Beschichtung der Oberflächen fester Substrate, eignen. The present invention relates to trimethylolpropane derivatives of special structure which are suitable for coating the surfaces of solid substrates.
Stand der Technik State of the art
DE-A-102010044206 beschreibt strahlungshärtbare Gemische, erhältlich durch Umsetzung von (Meth)acrylsäure mit 3,0- bis 4,0-fach propoxyliertem Glycerin, gefolgt von der Entfernung überschüssiger (Meth)acrylsäure aus dem erhaltenen Reaktionsgemisch mit Hilfe einer wässrigen Extraktion. DE-A-102010044206 describes radiation-curable mixtures obtainable by reacting (meth) acrylic acid with 3.0- to 4.0-fold propoxylated glycerol, followed by removal of excess (meth) acrylic acid from the resulting reaction mixture by means of an aqueous extraction.
EP-A-680,985 beschreibt ein Verfahren zur Herstellung strahlungshärtbarer Acrylate, wobei in einer ersten Stufe Hydroxyverbindungen mit (Meth)acrylsäure umgesetzt werden und das erhaltene Reaktionsprodukt anschließend in oder vor der sich anschließenden zweiten Stufe mit Epo- xiden zur Reaktion gebracht wird. Bei den Hydroxyverbindungen kann es sich um Polyole han- dein, insbesondere Trimethylolpropan, Glycerin oder Pentaerythrit. Die Polyole können oxalky- liert sein, wobei lediglich offenbart ist, der Oxalkylierungsgrad könne 0 bis 10 und vorzugsweise 1 bis 10 betragen. EP-A-680.985 describes a process for the preparation of radiation-curable acrylates, in which in a first stage hydroxy compounds are reacted with (meth) acrylic acid and the resulting reaction product is subsequently reacted with epoxides in or before the subsequent second stage. The hydroxy compounds may be polyols, in particular trimethylolpropane, glycerol or pentaerythritol. The polyols may be oxalkylated, it being merely disclosed that the degree of alkoxylation may be 0 to 10 and preferably 1 to 10.
Beschreibung der Erfindung Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung war es, Substanzen zur Verfügung zu stellen, die sich zur Beschichtung der Oberflächen fester Substrate, insbesondere Holz und Papier, eignen, wobei die Aushärtung der Beschichtung durch Strahlenhärtung, insbesondere mit UV-Licht, erfolgt. Die ausgehärteten Beschichtungen, insbesondere die UV-gehärteten Lacke, sollten dabei gute Eigen-
Schäften in Bezug auf Härte und Elastizität sowie Chemikalien- und Lebensmittelbeständigkeit aufweisen, insbesondre im Hinblick auf Schwarztee und Banane sowie Bleistift. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION It was an object of the present invention to provide substances which are suitable for coating the surfaces of solid substrates, in particular wood and paper, hardening of the coating by radiation curing, in particular with UV light. The cured coatings, in particular the UV-cured coatings, should have good intrinsic properties. Shanks in terms of hardness and elasticity and chemical and food resistance, in particular with respect to black tea and banana and pencil.
Gegenstand der Erfindung sind zunächst Trimethylolpropan-Derivate (I), dadurch erhältlich, dass man in einem ersten Schritt Zusammensetzungen (Π) mit einer Dicarbonsäure (lila) und/oder deren Anhydrid (Illb) und (Meth)acrylsäure (IV) umsetzt, wobei die Verbindungen (Ma) und (Illb) ein Molgewicht unterhalb von 300 g/mol aufweisen, mit der Maßgabe, dass es sich bei den Zusammensetzungen (Π) um Zusammensetzungen handelt, die dadurch erhältlich sind, dass man Ethylenoxid an Trimethylolpropan anlagert, wobei die Zusammensetzungen (Π) eine OHZ (Hyd- roxylzahl) im Bereich von 538 bis 572 mg KOH/g - gemessen nach DIN 53240 - aufweisen, wobei man bei der Umsetzung der Zusammensetzungen (Π) mit den Verbindungen (ΠΙ) und (Meth)acrylsäure (IV) die Umsetzungsverhältnisse der Reaktanden so einstellt, dass man pro mol OH-Gruppen der Zusammensetzungen (II) 0,05 bis 0,5 mol der Verbindungen (ΙΠ) und 0,8 bis 1,5 mol (Meth)acrylsäure (IV) einsetzt, und das im ersten Schritt erhaltene Reaktionsgemisch in einem zweiten Schritt mit ein oder mehreren polyfunktionellen Epoxiden (V) umsetzt, mit der Maßgabe, dass die Säurezahl des im zweiten Schritt erhaltenen Reaktionsgemisches 10 mg KOH pro g Substanz oder weniger beträgt. The invention initially trimethylolpropane derivatives (I), obtainable by reacting in a first step, compositions (Π) with a dicarboxylic acid (IIIa) and / or their anhydride (IIIb) and (meth) acrylic acid (IV), wherein the compounds (Ma) and (Illb) have a molecular weight below 300 g / mol, with the proviso that the compositions (Π) are compositions which are obtainable by adding ethylene oxide to trimethylolpropane, wherein the Compositions (Π) have an OHN (Hydroxylzahl) in the range of 538 to 572 mg KOH / g - measured according to DIN 53240 -, wherein in the reaction of the compositions (Π) with the compounds (ΠΙ) and (meth) acrylic acid (IV) the reaction ratios of the reactants adjusted so that per mol of OH groups of the compositions (II) 0.05 to 0.5 mol of the compounds (ΙΠ) and 0.8 to 1.5 mol of (meth) acrylic acid (IV ), and the reagent obtained in the first step Ctionsgemisch in a second step with one or more polyfunctional epoxides (V) is reacted, with the proviso that the acid number of the reaction mixture obtained in the second step is 10 mg KOH per g of substance or less.
Ausdrücklich sei angemerkt, dass der Begriff„umsetzt" im zweiten Schritt impliziert, dass die Oxirangruppen der eingesetzten Verbindungen (V) abreagieren, mithin also am Ende des zweiten Schrittes keine freien Verbindungen (V) mehr vorliegen. Mit anderen Worten: Das Epoxid (V) wird in Schritt 2 in einer Menge eingesetzt, dass es vollständig abreagiert, mit der Folge, dass in dem Endprodukt kein freies Epoxid mehr vorhanden ist. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform weisen die Zusammensetzungen (II) eine OHZ (Hydro- xylzahl) im Bereich von 554 bis 572 mg KOH/g - gemessen nach DIN 53240 - auf. It should be expressly noted that the term "reacted" in the second step implies that the oxirane groups of the compounds (V) used are consumed, and therefore no free compounds (V) are present at the end of the second step ) is used in an amount such that it completely reacts out, with the result that no free epoxide is present in the end product. In a preferred embodiment, the compositions (II) have an OH number (hydroxyl number) in the range from 554 to 572 mg KOH / g - measured according to DIN 53240 - on.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform stellt man bei der Umsetzung der Zusammensetzungen (Π) mit einer Dicarbonsäure (Ma) und/oder deren Anhydrid (Illb) und (Meth)acrylsäure (IV) die Umsetzungsverhältnisse der Reaktanden so ein, dass man pro mol OH-Gruppen der Zusammensetzungen (Π) 0,2 bis 0,7 mol, vorzugsweise 0,3 bis 0,6 mol der Verbindungen (ΠΙ) und 0,8 bis 1,5 mol (Meth)acrylsäure (IV) einsetzt. Vorzugsweise setzt man (IV) in einer Menge von 1,08
bis 1,2 mol (Meth)acrylsäure pro mol OH-Gruppen der Zusammensetzungen (Π) ein. Dabei ist der Einsatz von Acrylsäure als Verbindung (IV) bevorzugt. In a preferred embodiment, in the reaction of the compositions (Π) with a dicarboxylic acid (Ma) and / or its anhydride (IIIb) and (meth) acrylic acid (IV), the reaction ratios of the reactants are such that one per mole of OH groups the compositions (Π) 0.2 to 0.7 mol, preferably 0.3 to 0.6 mol of the compounds (ΠΙ) and 0.8 to 1.5 mol of (meth) acrylic acid (IV) is used. Preferably, (IV) is used in an amount of 1.08 to 1.2 moles of (meth) acrylic acid per mole of OH groups of the compositions (Π). The use of acrylic acid as compound (IV) is preferred.
Ausdrücklich sei angemerkt, dass im ersten Schritt die Zusammensetzungen (Π) mit einer Mi- schung der Verbindungen (ΙΠ) und (IV) umgesetzt wird, wobei der Begriff„Verbindungen (ΠΙ)" sowohl die Verbindungen (lila), als auch die Verbindungen (Elb), als auch Mischungen der Verbindungen (Ma) und (Illb) umfasst. It should be expressly noted that in the first step, the compositions (Π) with a mixture of the compounds (ΙΠ) and (IV) is reacted, wherein the term "compounds (ΠΙ)" both the compounds (IIIa), and the compounds (Elb), as well as mixtures of the compounds (Ma) and (IIIb).
Besonders bevorzugt sind diejenigen Substanzen (I), deren Pendelhärte (nach König) im Bereich von 40 bis 100 sec liegt, bei gleichzeitigem E-Modul im Bereich von 0,5 bis 2,0 GPa und Creep unter 600 nm. Particularly preferred are those substances (I) whose pendulum hardness (König) in the range of 40 to 100 sec, with simultaneous modulus of elasticity in the range of 0.5 to 2.0 GPa and creep less than 600 nm.
In einer Ausführungsform weisen die Substanzen (I) eine Säurezahl - bestimmt gemäß ISO 3682 - von weniger als 6 mg KOH/g auf. In one embodiment, the substances (I) have an acid number - determined according to ISO 3682 - of less than 6 mg KOH / g.
Die Zusammensetzungen (Π) können an sich nach allen dem Chemiker einschlägig bekannten Verfahren hergestellt werden. Insbesondere stellt man die Zusammensetzungen (II) dadurch her, dass man Ethylenoxid in Gegenwart einer Base, vorzugsweise Natriumhydroxid, Kaliumhydro- xid oder Natriummethanolat, mit Trimethylolpropan bei erhöhter Temperatur umsetzt. Bei den Zusammensetzungen (Π) handelt es sich im wesentlichen um Mischungen von Trimethylolpropan, Oligo-Trimethylolpropanen, ethoxyliertem Trimethylolpropan und ethoxylierten Oligo- Trimethylolpropanen. Vorzugsweise liegt der Anteil von Trimethylolpropan und Oligo- Trimethylolpropanen in den Zusammensetzungen (Π) bei weniger als 0,35 mol- - bezogen auf die gesamte Zusammensetzung (II). The compositions (Π) can be prepared per all methods known to the chemist. In particular, the compositions (II) are prepared by reacting ethylene oxide in the presence of a base, preferably sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or sodium methoxide, with trimethylolpropane at elevated temperature. The compositions (Π) are essentially mixtures of trimethylolpropane, oligo-trimethylolpropanes, ethoxylated trimethylolpropane and ethoxylated oligotrimethylolpropanes. Preferably, the proportion of trimethylolpropane and oligotrimethylolpropanes in the compositions (Π) is less than 0.35 mol - based on the total composition (II).
Die für die Ethoxylierung als Katalysatoren einzusetzenden Basen können auch sein: The bases to be used as catalysts for the ethoxylation can also be:
Cäsiumhydroxid, Trimethylamin, Triethylamin, Tripropylamin, Tributylamin, Ν,Ν'- Dimethylethanolamin, Ν,Ν'-Dimethylcyclohexylamin, Dimethylethylamin, Dimethylbutylamin, Ν,Ν'-dimethylanilin, 4-Dimethylaminopyridin, Ν,Ν'-Dimethylbenzylamin, Pyridin, Imidazol, N- Methylimidazol, 2-Methylimidazol, 4-Methylimidazol, 5-Methylimidazol, 2-Ethyl-4- Methylimidazol, 2,4-Dimethylimidazol, 1-Hydroxypropylimidazol, 2,4,5-Trimethylimidazol, 2- Ethylimidazol, 2-Ethyl-4-Methylimidazol, N-Phenylimidazol, 2-Phenylimidazol, 4- Phenylimidazol, Guanidin, alkylierte Guanidine, 1,1,3,3-Tetramethylguanidin, ferner überbrückte
Substanzen wie beispielsweise 7-Methyl-l,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-en, 1,5- Diazobicyclo[4.3.0]-non-5-en, l,5-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-en und Phosphazen. Cesium hydroxide, trimethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine, tributylamine, Ν, Ν'-dimethylethanolamine, Ν, Ν'-dimethylcyclohexylamine, dimethylethylamine, dimethylbutylamine, Ν, Ν'-dimethylaniline, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, Ν, Ν'-dimethylbenzylamine, pyridine, imidazole, N-methylimidazole, 2-methylimidazole, 4-methylimidazole, 5-methylimidazole, 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole, 2,4-dimethylimidazole, 1-hydroxypropylimidazole, 2,4,5-trimethylimidazole, 2-ethylimidazole, 2-ethyl 4-methylimidazole, N-phenylimidazole, 2-phenylimidazole, 4-phenylimidazole, guanidine, alkylated guanidines, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine, further bridged Substances such as 7-methyl-l, 5,7-triazabicyclo [4.4.0] dec-5-ene, 1,5-diazobicyclo [4.3.0] non-5-ene, l, 5-diazabicyclo [5.4. 0] undec-7-ene and phosphazene.
Bei den Verbindungen (ΙΠ) handelt es sich um Dicarbonsäuen (Ma) bzw. deren Anhydriden (Elb). Die Verbindungen (ΠΙ) weisen ein Molgewicht unterhalb von 300 g/mol, vorzugsweise unterhalb von 200 g/mol und insbesondere unterhalb von 150 g/mol auf. In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform werden die Verbindungen (ΠΙ) ausgewählt aus der Gruppe Adipinsäure, Maleinsäureanhydrid und Phthalsäureanhydrid. Bei den Verbindungen (IV) handelt es sich um Acrylsäure und/oder Methacrylsäure. Dabei ist der alleinige Einsatz von Acrylsäure bevorzugt. The compounds (ΙΠ) are dicarboxylic acids (Ma) or their anhydrides (Elb). The compounds (ΠΙ) have a molecular weight below 300 g / mol, preferably below 200 g / mol and in particular below 150 g / mol. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the compounds (ΠΙ) are selected from the group of adipic acid, maleic anhydride and phthalic anhydride. The compounds (IV) are acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid. The sole use of acrylic acid is preferred.
Bei den Verbindungen (V) handelt es sich um polyfunktionelle Epoxide. Vorzugsweise setzt man di- und/oder trifunktionelle Epoxide ein. In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform wer- den die Verbindungen (V) ausgewählt aus der Gruppe Bisphenol-A-Diglycidylether und der Po- lyglycidether von Pentaerythrit. The compounds (V) are polyfunctional epoxides. Preference is given to using di- and / or trifunctional epoxides. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the compounds (V) are selected from the group consisting of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether and the polyglycidyl ether of pentaerythritol.
Die Verbindungen (I) können an sich nach allen dem Chemiker einschlägig bekannten Verfahren hergestellt werden. Insbesondere sei in diesem Zusammenhang auf das Wissen des Fachmannes verwiesen, dass in der oben erwähnten Druckschrift DE-A- 102010044206 offenbart ist. The compounds (I) can be prepared per all methods known to the chemist. In particular, reference is made in this context to the knowledge of the skilled person that is disclosed in the above-mentioned document DE-A-102010044206.
Vorzugsweise stellt man die Verbindungen (I) wie folgt her: Man setzt die Zusammensetzungen (II) in einem ersten Schritt mit einer Mischung der Verbindungen (ΠΙ) und (IV) um, wobei man bei der Umsetzung die oben ausgeführten Randbedingungen einhält, und das im ersten Schritt erhaltene Reaktionsgemisch in einem zweiten Schritt mit ein oder mehreren polyfunktionellen Epoxiden (V) umsetzt, wobei man die Umsetzung so weit führt, dass die Säurezahl des im zweiten Schritt erhaltenen Reaktionsgemisches 10 mg KOH pro g Substanz oder weniger beträgt. Das Epoxid (V) wird dabei in einer Menge eingesetzt, dass es vollständig abreagiert, mithin in dem Endprodukt kein freies Epoxid mehr vorhanden ist. The compounds (I) are preferably prepared as follows: In a first step, the compositions (II) are reacted with a mixture of the compounds (II) and (IV), the reaction being carried out under the abovementioned conditions, and reaction mixture obtained in the first step with one or more polyfunctional epoxides (V) in a second step, the reaction being carried so far that the acid number of the reaction mixture obtained in the second step is 10 mg KOH per g of substance or less. The epoxide (V) is used in an amount such that it completely reacts, and consequently no free epoxide is present in the end product.
Vorzugsweise stellt man die Säurezahl des im zweiten Schritt eingesetzten Reaktionsgemisches auf einen Wert im Bereich von 20 bis 70 mg KOH/g Substanz ein. Dies kann einerseits dadurch geschehen, dass man die Mengenverhältnisse der Reaktanden im ersten Schritt entsprechend
wählt, es kann gewünschtenfalls auch dadurch geschehen, dass man nach Durchführung des ersten Schrittes und vor Durchführung des zweiten Schrittes zusätzlich (Meth)acrylsäure zudosiert. The acid number of the reaction mixture used in the second step is preferably adjusted to a value in the range from 20 to 70 mg KOH / g of substance. On the one hand, this can be done by correspondingly adjusting the proportions of the reactants in the first step If desired, it can also be done by additionally metering (meth) acrylic acid after carrying out the first step and before carrying out the second step.
Ein weiterer Erfindungsgegenstand sind Beschichtungsmassen enthaltend ein oder mehrere Tri- methylolpropan-Derivate (I). Bevorzugt sind dabei Beschichtungsmassen, bei deren Verbindungen (I) es sich um solche handelt, bei deren Herstellung als Verbindung (IV) Acrylsäure eingesetzt wird. Another subject of the invention are coating compositions comprising one or more trimethylolpropane derivatives (I). Preference is given to coating compositions whose compounds (I) are those which are prepared by using acrylic acid as compound (IV).
Ein weiterer Erfindungsgegenstand ist die Verwendung der Verbindungen (I) zur Beschichtung der Oberflächen fester Substrate. Dabei ist die Art des Substrats an sich nicht beschränkt. Beispiele für geeignete Substrate sind beispielsweise Textil, Leder, Metall, Kunststoff, Glas, Holz, Papier oder Pappe. Bevorzugte Substrate sind Holz und Papier. Another subject of the invention is the use of the compounds (I) for coating the surfaces of solid substrates. The nature of the substrate is not limited per se. Examples of suitable substrates are for example textile, leather, metal, plastic, glass, wood, paper or cardboard. Preferred substrates are wood and paper.
Ein weiterer Erfindungsgegenstand ist die Verwendung von Beschichtungsmassen enthaltend ein oder mehrere Trimethylolpropan-Derivate (I) zur Beschichtung der Oberflächen fester Substrate. Dabei ist die Art des Substrats an sich nicht beschränkt. Beispiele für geeignete Substrate sind beispielsweise Textil, Leder, Metall, Kunststoff, Glas, Holz, Papier oder Pappe. Bevorzugte Substrate sind Holz und Papier. Another subject of the invention is the use of coating compositions comprising one or more trimethylolpropane derivatives (I) for coating the surfaces of solid substrates. The nature of the substrate is not limited per se. Examples of suitable substrates are for example textile, leather, metal, plastic, glass, wood, paper or cardboard. Preferred substrates are wood and paper.
Der Begriff „Beschichtungsmassen" umfasst jegliche Art von Zusammensetzungen, die auf die Oberfläche eines zu beschichtenden Substrates aufgetragen und anschließend - gegebenenfalls nach vorheriger Trocknung - ausgehärtet wird. Insbesondere schließt der Begriff „Beschichtungsmassen" alle Lackarten ein. The term "coating compositions" encompasses any type of compositions which are applied to the surface of a substrate to be coated and then cured, if appropriate after previous drying, in particular the term "coating compositions" includes all types of coatings.
Dabei ist - wie dem Fachmann bekannt - unter„Lack" eine Beschichtungsmasse zu verstehen, die flüssig oder auch pulverförmig sein kann, und die in dünner Schicht dünn auf einen Gegenstand, also das zu beschichtende Substrat, aufgetragen wird und dann ausgehärtet wird. Vergleiche hierzu auch den unten stehenden Abschnitt zum Begriff„Beschichten". As is known to the person skilled in the art, the term "lacquer" is to be understood as meaning a coating composition which may be liquid or pulverulent and which is applied thinly in thin layers to an article, ie the substrate to be coated, and then cured also the section below on the term "coating".
Die erfindungsgemäßen Beschichtungsmassen können neben den Verbindungen (I) zusätzliche strahlungshärtbare Verbindungen sowie weitere weitere lacktypische Additive enthalten, beispielsweise Antioxidantien, Stabilisatoren, Aktivatoren (Beschleuniger), Füllmittel, Pigmente, Farbstoffe, antistatische Agentien, Flammschutzmittel, Verdicker, thixotrope Agentien, oberflä-
chenaktive Agentien, Viskositätsmodifikatoren, Plastifizierer oder Chelatbildner verwendet werden. Weiterhin können die erfindungsgemäßen Beschichtungsmassen neben den Verbindungen (I) auch weitere strahlungshärtbare Komponenten enthalten, die nicht von der Formel (I) umfasst sind. The coating compositions according to the invention may contain, in addition to the compounds (I), additional radiation-curable compounds and further further typical coatings additives, for example antioxidants, stabilizers, activators (accelerators), fillers, pigments, dyes, antistatic agents, flame retardants, thickeners, thixotropic agents, surface-active agents. chenaktiven agents, viscosity modifiers, plasticizers or chelating agents can be used. Furthermore, in addition to the compounds (I), the coating compositions according to the invention may also comprise further radiation-curable components which are not encompassed by the formula (I).
Als Verdicker kommen neben radikalisch (co)polymerisierten (Co)Polymerisaten, übliche organische und anorganische Verdicker wie Hydroxymethylcellulose oder Bentonit in Betracht. Suitable thickeners besides free-radically (co) polymerized (co) polymers, customary organic and inorganic thickeners such as hydroxymethylcellulose or bentonite.
Als Chelatbildner können z.B. Ethylendiaminessigsäure und deren Salze sowie ß-Diketone verwendet werden. As chelating agents, e.g. Ethylenediamine and their salts and ß-diketones are used.
Geeignete Füllstoffe umfassen Silikate, z. B. durch Hydrolyse von Siliciumtetrachlorid erhältliche Silikate wie Aerosil® der Fa. Degussa, Kieselerde, Talkum, Aluminiumsilikate, Magnesiumsilikate, Calciumcarbonate etc. Suitable fillers include silicates, e.g. Example by hydrolysis of silicon tetrachloride available silicates such as Aerosil® the Fa. Degussa, silica, talc, aluminum silicates, magnesium silicates, calcium carbonate, etc.
Geeignete Stabilisatoren umfassen typische UV-Absorber wie Oxanilide, Triazine und Benzotri- azol (letztere erhältlich als Tinuvin® -Marken der Ciba-Spezialitätenchemie) und Benzophenone. Diese können allein oder zusammen mit geeigneten Radikalfängern, beispielsweise sterisch gehinderten Aminen wie 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin, 2,6-Di-tert.-butylpiperidin oder deren Deri- vaten, z. B. Bis-(2,2,6,6-tetra-methyl-4-piperi-dyl)sebacinat, eingesetzt werden. Stabilisatoren werden üblicherweise in Mengen von 0,1 bis 5,0 Gew.- , bezogen auf die in der Zubereitung enthaltenen festen Komponenten, eingesetzt. Suitable stabilizers include typical UV absorbers such as oxanilides, triazines and benzotriazole (the latter available as Tinuvin® grades from Ciba Specialty Chemicals) and benzophenones. These can be used alone or together with suitable radical scavengers, for example sterically hindered amines such as 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 2,6-di-tert-butylpiperidine or their derivatives, eg. As bis (2,2,6,6-tetra-methyl-4-piperi-dyl) sebacinate used. Stabilizers are usually used in amounts of from 0.1 to 5.0% by weight, based on the solid components contained in the preparation.
Pigmente können ebenfalls in den Beschichtungsmassen enthalten sein. Pigmente sind gemäß CD Römpp Chemie Lexikon - Version 1.0, Stuttgart/New York: Georg Thieme Verlag 1995 unter Verweis auf DIN 55943 partikelförmige "im Anwendungsmedium praktisch unlösliche, anorganische oder organische, bunte oder unbunte Farbmittel". Praktisch unlöslich bedeutet dabei eine Löslichkeit bei 25 °C unter l g / 1000 g Anwendungsmedium, bevorzugt unter 0,5, besonders bevorzugt unter 0,25, ganz besonders bevorzugt unter 0,1 und insbesondere unter 0,05 g / 1000 g Anwendungsmedium. Pigments may also be included in the coating compositions. Pigments are according to CD Römpp Chemie Lexikon - Version 1.0, Stuttgart / New York: Georg Thieme Verlag 1995 with reference to DIN 55943 particulate "practically insoluble in the application medium, inorganic or organic, colored or achromatic colorants". In this case, practically insoluble means a solubility at 25 ° C. under 1 g / 1000 g of application medium, preferably below 0.5, more preferably below 0.25, even more preferably below 0.1 and in particular below 0.05 g / 1000 g of application medium.
Wird ein Pigment eingesetzt, so ist darauf zu achten, dass entweder die Härtung mit Elektronenstrahlen durchgeführt wird oder dass ein Photoinitiator verwendet wird, der trotz der Pigmentie-
rang durch die eingestrahlte Strahlung aktiviert werden kann, beispielsweise indem der Photoinitiator eine signifikante Absorbanz in einem Wellenlängenbereich aufweist, in dem das Pigment für die eingestrahlte Strahlung ausreichend durchlässig ist. Es stellt eine bevorzugte Ausfüh- rangsform der vorliegenden Erfindung dar, kein Pigment zu verwenden und die Beschichtungs- masse in Klarlacken einzusetzen. If a pigment is used, it must be ensured that either the curing is carried out with electron beams or that a photoinitiator is used which, despite the pigmentation Rangs can be activated by the irradiated radiation, for example by the photoinitiator has a significant absorbance in a wavelength range in which the pigment is sufficiently permeable to the incident radiation. It is a preferred embodiment of the present invention not to use a pigment and to use the coating composition in clearcoats.
Beispiele für Pigmente umfassen beliebige Systeme von Absorptions- und/oder Effektpigmenten, bevorzugt Absorptionspigmente. Anzahl und Auswahl der Pigmentkomponenten sind dabei keinerlei Beschränkungen unterworfen. Sie können den jeweiligen Erfordernissen, beispielsweise dem gewünschten Farbeindruck, beliebig angepaßt werden. Examples of pigments include any systems of absorption and / or effect pigments, preferably absorption pigments. Number and selection of the pigment components are not subject to any restrictions. They can be adapted to the particular requirements, for example the desired color impression, as desired.
Unter Effektpigmenten sind alle Pigmente zu verstehen, die einen plättchenförmigen Aufbau zeigen und einer Oberflächenbeschichtung spezielle dekorative Farbeffekte verleihen. Bei den Effektpigmenten handelt es sich beispielsweise um alle in der Fahrzeug- und Industrielackierang üblicherweise einsetzbaren effektgebenden Pigmente. Beispiele für derartige Effektpigmente sind reine Metallpigmente; wie z.B. Aluminium-, Eisen- oder Kupferpigmente; Interferenzpigmente, wie z.B. titandioxidbeschichteter Glimmer, eisenoxidbeschichteter Glimmer, mischoxidbeschich- teter Glimmer (z.B. mit Titandioxid und Fe203 oder Titandioxid und Cr203), metalloxidbe- schichtetes Aluminium, oder Flüssigkristallpigmente. Effect pigments are to be understood as meaning all pigments which have a platelet-like structure and impart special decorative color effects to a surface coating. The effect pigments are, for example, all effect pigments which can usually be used in vehicle and industrial coating applications. Examples of such effect pigments are pure metal pigments; such as aluminum, iron or copper pigments; Interference pigments, such as titanium dioxide-coated mica, iron oxide-coated mica, mixed oxide-coated mica (eg with titanium dioxide and Fe 2 O 3 or titanium dioxide and Cr 2 O 3 ), metal oxide-coated aluminum, or liquid crystal pigments.
Bei den farbgebenden Absorptionspigmenten handelt es sich beispielsweise um übliche in der Lackindustrie einsetzbare organische oder anorganische Absorptionspigmente. Beispiele für organische Absorptionspigmente sind Azopigmente, Phthalocyanin-, Chinacridon- und Pyrrolopyr- rolpigmente. Beispiele für anorganische Absorptionspigmente sind Eisenoxidpigmente, Titandi- oxid und Ruß. The coloring absorption pigments are, for example, customary organic or inorganic absorption pigments which can be used in the coatings industry. Examples of organic absorption pigments are azo pigments, phthalocyanine, quinacridone and pyrrolopyrrole pigments. Examples of inorganic absorption pigments are iron oxide pigments, titanium dioxide and carbon black.
Sofern die Aushärtung der Beschichtungsmassen nicht mit Elektronenstrahlen, sondern mittels UV-Strahlung erfolgt, ist vorzugsweise wenigstens ein Photoinitiator enthalten, der die Polymerisation ethylenisch ungesättigter Doppelbindungen (C=C-Doppelbindungen) initiieren kann. If the curing of the coating compositions does not take place with electron beams but by means of UV radiation, it is preferable to contain at least one photoinitiator which can initiate the polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated double bonds (C =C double bonds).
Ganz allgemein können alle dem Fachmann einschlägig bekannten Photoinitiatoren eingesetzt werden, wie sie beispielsweise in einschlägigen Fachpublikationen und Monographien beschrieben sind.
In Betracht kommen zum Beispiel: In general, all photoinitiators known to the person skilled in the art can be used, as described, for example, in the relevant specialist publications and monographs. For example:
• Mono- und/oder Bisacylphosphinoxide, etwa 2,4,6-Trimethylbenzoyl-diphenyl-phosphinoxid (Irgacure® TPO der BASF SE), Ethyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphenylphosphinat (TPO-L der BASF SE), Bis-(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phenylphosphinoxid (Irgacure® 819 der BASF SE), Mono- and / or bisacylphosphine oxides, such as 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl-diphenyl-phosphine oxide (Irgacure® TPO from BASF SE), ethyl 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphenylphosphinate (TPO-L from BASF SE), bis ( 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) -phenylphosphine oxide (Irgacure® 819 from BASF SE),
• Benzophenone, Hydroxyacetophenone, Phenylglyoxylsäure und ihre Derivate oder Gemische dieser Photoinitiatoren. Als Beispiele seien genannt: Benzophenon, Acetophenon, Ace- tonaphthochinon, Methylethylketon, Valerophenon, Hexanophenon, a-Phenylbutyrophenon, p-Morpholinopropiophenon, Dibenzosuberon, 4-Morpholinobenzophenon, 4-Morpholino- deoxybenzoin, p-Diacetylbenzol, 4-Aminobenzophenon, 4'-Methoxyacetophenon, ß- Methylanthrachinon, tert-Butylanthrachinon, Anthrachinoncarbonysäureester, Benzaldehyd, α-Tetralon, 9-Acetylphenanthren, 2-Acetylphenanthren, 10-Thioxanthenon, 3-Acetyl- phenanthren, 3-Acetylindol, 9-Fluorenon, 1-Indanon, 1,3,4-Triacetylbenzol, Thioxanthen-9- on, Xanthen-9-οη, 2,4-Dimethylthioxanthon, 2,4-Diethylthioxanthon (DETX), 2,4-Di-iso- propylthioxanthon, 2,4-Dichlorthioxanthon, Benzoin, Benzoin-iso-butylether, Chloroxan- thenon, Benzoin-tetrahydropyranylether, Benzoin-methylether, Benzoin-ethylether, Benzoin- butylether, Benzoin-iso-propylether, 7-H-Benzoin-methylether, Benz[de]anthracen-7-on, 1- Naphthaldehyd, 4,4'-Bis(dimethylamino)benzophenon, 4-Phenylbenzophenon, 4-Chlor- benzophenon, Michlers Keton, 1-Acetonaphthon, 2-Acetonaphthon, 1-Benzoylcyclohexan-l- ol, 2-Hydroxy-2,2-dimethylacetophenon, 2,2-Dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenon, 2,2- Diethoxy-2-phenylacetophenon, 1,1-Dichloracetophenon, 1-Hydroxyacetophenon, Aceto- phenondimethylketal, o-Methoxybenzophenon, Triphenylphosphin, Tri-o-Tolylphosphin, Benz[a]anthracen-7,12-dion, 2,2-Diethoxyacetophenon, Benzilketale, wie Benzildimethylke- tal, 2-Methyl-l-[4-(methylthio)phenyl]-2-morpholinopropan-l-on, Anthrachinone wie 2- Methylanthrachinon, 2-Ethylanthrachinon, 2-tert-Butylanthrachinon, 1-Chloranthrachinon, 2- Amylanthrachinon und 2,3-Butandion. Benzophenones, hydroxyacetophenones, phenylglyoxylic acid and its derivatives or mixtures of these photoinitiators. Examples which may be mentioned are: benzophenone, acetophenone, acetonaphthoquinone, methyl ethyl ketone, valerophenone, hexanophenone, α-phenylbutyrophenone, p-morpholinopropiophenone, dibenzosuberone, 4-morpholinobenzophenone, 4-morpholinodeoxybenzoin, p-diacetylbenzene, 4-aminobenzophenone, 4'- Methoxyacetophenone, β-methylanthraquinone, tert-butylanthraquinone, anthraquinone-carboxylic acid ester, benzaldehyde, α-tetralone, 9-acetylphenanthrene, 2-acetylphenanthrene, 10-thioxanthenone, 3-acetylphenanthrene, 3-acetylindole, 9-fluorenone, 1-indanone, 1, 3,4-triacetylbenzene, thioxanthen-9-one, xanthen-9-one, 2,4-dimethylthioxanthone, 2,4-diethylthioxanthone (DETX), 2,4-diisopropylthioxanthone, 2,4-dichlorothioxanthone, benzoin , Benzoin isobutyl ether, chloroxanhenone, benzoin tetrahydropyranyl ether, benzoin methyl ether, benzoin ethyl ether, benzoin butyl ether, benzoin isopropyl ether, 7-H-benzoin methyl ether, benz [de] anthracen-7-one , 1-naphthaldehyde, 4,4'-bis (dimethylamino) benzophenone, 4-phenylbenzophenone, 4-chloro - benzophenone, Michler's ketone, 1-acetonaphthone, 2-acetonaphthone, 1-benzoylcyclohexan-1-ol, 2-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylacetophenone, 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, 2,2-diethoxy-2- phenylacetophenone, 1,1-dichloroacetophenone, 1-hydroxyacetophenone, acetophenone dimethyl ketal, o-methoxybenzophenone, triphenylphosphine, tri-o-tolylphosphine, benz [a] anthracene-7,12-dione, 2,2-diethoxyacetophenone, benzil ketals such as benzil dimethyl ketone - tal, 2-methyl-1- [4- (methylthio) phenyl] -2-morpholinopropan-1-one, anthraquinones such as 2-methylanthraquinone, 2-ethylanthraquinone, 2-tert-butylanthraquinone, 1-chloroanthraquinone, 2-amylanthraquinone and 2,3-butanedione.
Geeignet sind auch nicht- oder wenig vergilbende Photoinitiatoren vom Phenylglyoxalsäureester- Typ. Also suitable are non- or slightly yellowing photoinitiators of the phenylglyoxalate ester type.
Es können auch Gemische verschiedener Photoinitiatoren eingesetzt werden. Typische Gemische umfassen beispielsweise 2-Hydroxy-2-Methyl-l-phenyl-propan-2-on und 1-Hydroxy-cyclohexyl- phenylketon, Bis(2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl)-2,4,4-trimethylpentylphosphinoxid und 2-Hydroxy-2- methyl-l-phenyl-propan-l-on, Benzophenon und 1-Hydroxy-cyclohexyl-phenylketon, Bis(2,6-
dimethoxybenzoyl)-2,4,4-trimethylpentylphosphinoxid und 1 -Hydroxy-cyclohexyl-phenylketon, 2,4,6-Trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphinoxid und 2-Hydroxy-2-methyl- 1 -phenyl-propan- 1 -on, 2,4,6-Trimethylbenzophenon und 4-Methylbenzophenon oder 2,4,6-Trimethylbenzophenon und 4-Methylbenzophenon und 2,4,6-Trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphinoxid. It is also possible to use mixtures of different photoinitiators. Typical mixtures include, for example, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-2-one and 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, bis (2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl) -2,4,4-trimethylpentylphosphine oxide and 2-hydroxy -2-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-1-one, benzophenone and 1-hydroxy-cyclohexyl-phenylketone, bis (2,6- dimethoxybenzoyl) -2,4,4-trimethylpentylphosphine oxide and 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide and 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropane-1-one, 2,4,6 Trimethylbenzophenone and 4-methylbenzophenone or 2,4,6-trimethylbenzophenone and 4-methylbenzophenone and 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide.
Bevorzugte Photoinitiatoren sind: Preferred photoinitiators are:
• 2,4,6-Trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphinoxid, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide,
• Ethyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphenylphosphinat, Ethyl 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphenylphosphinate,
• Bis-(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phenylphosphinoxid, Bis- (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) -phenylphosphine oxide,
• Benzophenon, Benzophenone,
• 1 -Benzoylcyclohexan- 1 -ol, 1-benzoylcyclohexane-1-ol,
• 2-Hydroxy-2,2-dimethylacetophenon, 2-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylacetophenone,
• 2,2-Dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenon und • 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone and
• ΓΓΧ derivatel-Isopropyl-thioxanthon, 2-Isopropyl-thioxanthon, 3-Isopropyl-thioxanthon, 4- Isopropyl-thioxanthon, l-Chloro-4-popoxy-9H-thioxanton-9-on, und • derivatel-isopropyl-thioxanthone, 2-isopropyl-thioxanthone, 3-isopropyl-thioxanthone, 4-isopropyl-thioxanthone, 1-chloro-4-popoxy-9H-thioxanton-9-one, and
• 2,4-Diethylthioxanthon (DETX). • 2,4-diethylthioxanthone (DETX).
Die Beschichtungsmassen enthalten die Photoinitiatoren vorzugsweise in einer Menge von 0,05 bis 10 Gew.- , besonders bevorzugt 0,1 bis 8 Gew.- , insbesondere 0,2 bis 5 Gew.- , bezogen auf die Gesamtmenge der in den Beschichtungsmassen vorhandenen härtbaren Komponenten. The coating compositions preferably contain the photoinitiators in an amount of 0.05 to 10% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 8% by weight, in particular 0.2 to 5% by weight, based on the total amount of curable material present in the coating compositions components.
Ein weiterer Erfindungsgegenstand ist ein Verfahren zum Beschichten der Oberflächen fester Substrate, wobei man ein oder mehrere Verbindungen (I) oder Beschichtungsmassen, die ein oder mehrere Verbindungen (I) enthalten, auf die Oberfläche eines festen Substrates aufbringt und anschließend eine Strahlenhärtung durchführt, insbesondere mittels UV-Licht. Bevorzugt ist dabei, dass es sich bei der Strahlenhärtung um eine Härtung mit UV-Licht der Wellenlänge im Bereich von 200 bis 500 nm handelt. Another object of the invention is a process for coating the surfaces of solid substrates, wherein one or more compounds (I) or coating compositions containing one or more compounds (I) applied to the surface of a solid substrate and then performs radiation curing, in particular by means UV light. It is preferred that the radiation curing is a curing with UV light of the wavelength in the range of 200 to 500 nm.
Unter„Beschichten", auch„coating" genannt, sind dabei Verfahren zu verstehen, die dem Aufbringen einer festhaftenden Schicht auf die Oberfläche eines Werkstückes - dem Substrat - dienen. Die aufgetragene Schicht wird als Beschichtung bezeichnet. Die üblichen Beschichtungsver- fahren unterscheiden sich durch die Art der Aufbringung der Beschichtungsmassen in chemische, mechanische, thermische und thermomechanische Verfahren. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Er-
findung ist die UV-Härtung bevorzugt, die eine chemische Vernetzung der in den Beschich- tungsmassen enthaltenen Verbindungen (I) induziert. "Coating", also referred to as "coating", means processes which serve to apply a firmly adhering layer to the surface of a workpiece - the substrate. The applied layer is called a coating. The usual coating methods differ in the way in which the coating compositions are applied in chemical, mechanical, thermal and thermomechanical processes. Within the framework of the present The UV curing is preferred, which induces a chemical crosslinking of the compounds (I) contained in the coating compositions.
Die Beschichtung der Oberflächen fester Substrate mit den erfindungsgemäß einzusetzenden Verbindungen (I) erfolgt nach üblichen, dem Fachmann bekannten Verfahren, wobei man die gewünschte Verbindung (I) bzw. eine Beschichtungsmasse, die ein oder mehrere Verbindungen (I) enthält in der gewünschten Stärke auf das Substrat aufbringt und zumindest teilweise strah- lungshärtet. Dabei ist eine vollständige Strahlenhärtung bevorzugt. Dieser Vorgang kann gewünschtenfalls ein- oder mehrfach wiederholt werden. Das Aufbringen auf das Substrat kann in bekannter Weise, z. B. durch Spritzen, Spachteln, Rakeln, Bürsten, Rollen, Walzen, Gießen, La- minieren, Hinterspritzen oder Co-Extrudieren, bevorzugt durch Spritzen und Walzen erfolgen. Als Spritzverfahren können z.B. Luftdruck-, Airless- oder Elektrostatik-Spritzverfahren Anwendung finden. Wie dem Fachmann bekannt ist unter Strahlenhärtung die radikalische Polymerisation von poly- merisierbaren Verbindungen zu verstehen, die induziert wird durch elektromagnetische und/oder korpuskularen Strahlung. Der Einsatz von UV-Licht oder Elektronenstrahlung (Elektronenstrahlung; 150 bis 300 keV) ist bevorzugt. Insbesondere ist UV-Licht im Wellenlängenbereich von 200 bis 500 nm und insbesondere von 250 bis 400 nm bevorzugt. The coating of the surfaces of solid substrates with the compounds (I) to be used according to the invention is carried out by customary methods known to the person skilled in the art, wherein the desired compound (I) or a coating composition which contains one or more compounds (I) in the desired strength the substrate is applied and at least partially radiation hardened. In this case, complete radiation curing is preferred. If desired, this process can be repeated one or more times. The application to the substrate can in a known manner, for. Example by spraying, filling, doctoring, brushing, rolling, rolling, casting, laminating, injection molding or co-extrusion, preferably by spraying and rolling. As a spraying method, e.g. Air pressure, Airless or electrostatic spray application find. Radiation curing, as is known to those skilled in the art, is understood to mean the free radical polymerization of polymerizable compounds which is induced by electromagnetic and / or corpuscular radiation. The use of UV light or electron radiation (electron radiation, 150 to 300 keV) is preferred. In particular, UV light is preferred in the wavelength range of 200 to 500 nm, and more preferably 250 to 400 nm.
Die Beschichtungsstärke wird vorzugsweise so eingestellt, dass die Beschichtungsstärke des ungehärteten Acrylat in einem Bereich von etwa 3-1000g/m2 und vorzugsweise 10-200g/m2 liegt. Wie dem Fachmann bekannt, versteht man unter Trockenschichtdicke die Schichtdicke einer getrockneten bzw. ausgehärteten Beschichtung. Der Begriff des Trocknens schließt dabei ein, dass in einer Beschichtungsmasse vorhandene Lösungsmittel, z.B. Wasser oder organische Lösungsmittel, verdunstet sind. Der Begriff des Aushärtens schließt dabei ein, dass eine Vernetzung der Beschichtungsmasse erfolgt. Es sei eigens betont, dass der Begriff der Trockenschichtdicke hier rein phänomenologisch zu verstehen ist als diejenige Schichtdicke, die eine getrocknete und/oder ausgehärteten Beschichtung aufweist. The coating thickness is preferably adjusted so that the coating thickness of the uncured acrylate is in the range of about 3-1000 g / m 2 and preferably 10-200 g / m 2 . As is known to the person skilled in the art, dry film thickness is understood to mean the layer thickness of a dried or hardened coating. The term "drying" in this context implies that solvents present in a coating composition, for example water or organic solvents, have evaporated. The term hardening implies that crosslinking of the coating composition takes place. It should be emphasized that the term "dry layer thickness" here is to be understood purely phenomenologically as the layer thickness which has a dried and / or hardened coating.
Die Strahlenhärtung kann gewünschtenfalls bei höheren Temperaturen erfolgen. Bevorzugt ist dabei eine Temperatur oberhalb der Tg- Wertes des strahlungshärtbaren Bindemittels (Tg-Wert = Glasübergang stemperatur) .
Die Strahlenhärtung kann unter sauerstoffhaltiger Atmosphäre oder unter Inertgas erfolgen, wobei letzteres bevorzugt ist. If desired, radiation curing can be carried out at higher temperatures. Preference is given to a temperature above the Tg value of the radiation-curable binder (T g value = glass transition temperature). The radiation curing can be carried out under oxygen-containing atmosphere or under inert gas, the latter being preferred.
Neben einer Strahlenhärtung können noch weitere Härtungsmechanismen involviert sein, bei- spielsweise thermische-, Feuchtigkeits-, chemische und/oder oxidative Härtung. In addition to radiation curing, other curing mechanisms may be involved, for example thermal, moisture, chemical and / or oxidative curing.
Gegebenenfalls kann, wenn mehrere Schichten des Beschichtungsmittels übereinander aufgetragen werden, nach jedem Beschichtungsvorgang eine Trocknung und/oder Strahlenhärtung erfolgen. Optionally, if several layers of the coating composition are applied one above the other, drying and / or radiation curing may take place after each coating operation.
Als Strahlungsquellen für die Strahlenhärtung geeignet sind z.B. Quecksilber-Niederdruckstrahler, -Mitteldruckstrahler mit Hochdruckstrahler sowie Leuchtstoffröhren, Impulsstrahler, LED-Lampen, Metallhalogenidstrahler, Laser, gepulste Lampen (Blitzlicht), Halogenlampen Elektronenblitzeinrichtungen, wodurch eine Strahlenhärtung ohne Photoinitiator möglich ist, oder Excimerstrahler. Suitable radiation sources for radiation curing are e.g. Low-pressure mercury lamps, medium-pressure lamps with high-pressure lamps as well as fluorescent tubes, pulse emitters, LED lamps, metal halide lamps, lasers, pulsed lamps (flashlight), halogen lamps, electronic flash units which enable radiation curing without a photoinitiator, or excimer radiators.
Es können auch mehrere Strahlungsquellen für die Strahlenhärtung eingesetzt werden, z.B. zwei bis vier. Diese können gewünschtenfalls auch in jeweils unterschiedlichen Wellenlängebereichen strahlen. It is also possible to use a plurality of radiation sources for radiation curing, e.g. two to four. If desired, these can also radiate in different wavelength ranges.
Die Bestrahlung kann gegebenenfalls auch unter Ausschluss von Sauerstoff, z. B. unter Inertgas- Atmosphäre, durchgeführt werden. Als Inertgase eignen sich vorzugsweise Stickstoff, Edelgase, Kohlendioxid, oder Verbrennungsgase. Ein weiterer Erfindungsgegenstand ist die Verwendung der Verbindungen (I) zur Herstellung von Michael- Addukten, die dadurch erhältlich sind, dass man die Verbindungen (I) mit Aminen umsetzt. Unter Michael- Addition wird im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung verstanden, dass sich die Funktion NH eines Amins an eine C=C-Doppelbindung addiert. Dementsprechend muss ein zur Michael-Addition geeignetes Amin mindestens eine NH-Funktion aufweisen. Bevorzugt sind Amine, die mindestens eine primäre Aminogruppe, also eine Gruppe NH2 aufweisen. Als Amine besonders geeignet sind: Verbindungen mit primären oder sekundären Aminen mit einem Molgewicht unter 1000g/mol. Hierzu zählen beispielsweise primäre Monoamine wie C1-2o- Alkylamine, insbesondere n-Butylamin, n-Hexylamin, 2-Ethylhexylamin, Octadecylamin und
cycloalipahtische Amine Cyclopentylamin oder Cyclohexylamin oder ethergruppenhaltige primäre Amine wie Methoxypropylamin. The irradiation may optionally also in the absence of oxygen, for. B. under inert gas atmosphere, carried out. As inert gases are preferably nitrogen, noble gases, carbon dioxide, or combustion gases. Another subject of the invention is the use of the compounds (I) for the preparation of Michael adducts, which are obtainable by reacting the compounds (I) with amines. In the context of the present invention, Michael addition is understood to mean that the function NH of an amine adds to a C =C double bond. Accordingly, an amine suitable for Michael addition must have at least one NH function. Preference is given to amines which have at least one primary amino group, ie a group NH 2 . Particularly suitable amines are: compounds with primary or secondary amines having a molecular weight below 1000 g / mol. These include, for example, primary monoamines such as C 1-2 o-alkylamines, in particular n-butylamine, n-hexylamine, 2-ethylhexylamine, octadecylamine and cycloaliphatic amines cyclopentylamine or cyclohexylamine or primary amine-containing amines such as methoxypropylamine.
Als sekundäre Amine zu nennen sind beispielsweise Di-Ci-c2o-Alkylamine, insbesondere Dieth- lyamin, Di-n-Butylamin, Di-n-Hexylamin, und Di-iso-Propylamin. Als Verbindung mit primären oder sekundären Aminogruppen mit mindestens einer Hydroxyg- ruppe genannt seine Alkanolamine, z.B. Mono- oder Diethanolamin, Dimethylethanolamin, Aminoethoxyethanol, 2-Aminopropan-l-ol und Di-iso-Propanolamin.
Examples of secondary amines include di-C 1 -C 2 -alkylamines, in particular diethylamine, di-n-butylamine, di-n-hexylamine, and di-isopropylamine. As its compound with primary or secondary amino groups having at least one hydroxyl group, its alkanolamines, for example mono- or diethanolamine, dimethylethanolamine, aminoethoxyethanol, 2-aminopropan-1-ol and diisopropanolamine, are mentioned.
Beispiele Examples
Mess- und Prüfmethoden Measuring and testing methods
Viskosität: Die Viskosität der Substanzen als solche wurden gemessen mit einem Brookfield- Viskosimeter bei 25 °C, Geschwindigkeitsgefälle von 1000 s-1, gemäß DIN EN ISO 3219/A.3. Säurezahl: Gemessen nach DIN EN ISO 2114 Viscosity: The viscosity of the substances as such was measured with a Brookfield viscometer at 25 ° C, speed gradient of 1000 s-1, according to DIN EN ISO 3219 / A.3. Acid value: Measured according to DIN EN ISO 2114
OH-Zahl: Die Messung der OH-Zahl erfolgte gemäß DIN 53240 OH number: The OH number was measured in accordance with DIN 53240
Pendeldämpfung (PD): Die Pendeldämpfung (oft auch als Pendelhärte bezeichnet) von Be- Schichtungen, die resultierten, wenn die zu prüfenden Substanzen auf die Oberflächen fester Substrate aufgebracht und mittels UV-Strahlung gehärtet worden waren, die sogenannten Pendelhärte nach König, wurden gemessen nach DIN 53157. Bei dieser Methode wird die Pendeldämpfung in Sekunden angegeben. Pendulum damping (PD): The pendulum damping (often referred to as pendulum hardness) of coatings which resulted when the substances to be tested had been applied to the surfaces of solid substrates and cured by UV radiation, the so-called King pendulum hardness, were measured according to DIN 53157. In this method, the pendulum damping is specified in seconds.
Hazenf arbzahl: Die Messung der Hazenf arbzahl erfolgte mit dem Gerät Lange Lico 400 gemäß DIN EN ISO 6271. Hazenf arbzahl: The Hazenf arbzahl was measured with the Lange Lico 400 device in accordance with DIN EN ISO 6271.
Chemikalien- bzw. Lebensmittelbeständigkeit: Der Chemikalientest mit Schwarztee sowie mit Bananenstückchen einer reifen Banane (Scheibendicke 0,5cm) wurde in Anlehnung an DIN 68861-1 durchgeführt, die Einwirkdauer betrug dabei 48 Stunden. Die Auswertung erfolgte gemäß DIN EN12720: 1997-10: Skala von 5 bis 1, wobei 5 die beste Note (keine Änderung) dar- stellt. Chemical or food resistance: The chemical test with black tea and with banana pieces of a ripe banana (slice thickness 0.5 cm) was carried out in accordance with DIN 68861-1, the exposure time was 48 hours. The evaluation was carried out according to DIN EN12720: 1997-10: scale from 5 to 1, whereby 5 represents the best grade (no change).
Bleistifttest: Auf Bonder®Blech wurde zwei Mal mit einem Bleistift der Stärke HB2 über eine lern2 große Fläche mit einem schreibähnlichen Druck gemalt. Unter dem Begriff„zwei Mal" ist zu verstehen: es wurde eine doppelte Schicht an Bleistiftmiene aufgetragen. Die oben genannte Fläche lag zur Hälfte auf dem Lack und zur anderen Hälfte auf dem Bonder®Blech. Anschlie- ßend wurde zwei Mal mit einem trockenen Küchenpapier ohne weitere Zusätze wie Wasser, Lösemittel oder Reinigung sagentien abgewischt. Hierbei wurde mit leichtem Druck das Küchenpapier über die bemalte Fläche in der Richtung von lackierte Fläche zu unlackierte Fläche (nur Bonder®Blech) gewischt. Die Auswertung erfolgte gemäß DIN EN12720: 1997-10: Skala von 5 bis 1, wobei 5 die beste Note (keine Änderung) darstellt.
Beispiele Pencil Test: Bonder®Blech was twice painted with a HB2 pencil over a learning 2 large area with a writing-like print. The term "twice" means that a double layer of pencil was applied, half of which was on top of the varnish and the other half on top of the Bonder® sheet, and then twice with dry kitchen paper wiped without further additives such as water, solvents or cleaning agents, wiping the kitchen paper over the painted surface in the direction from painted surface to unpainted surface (Bonder®Blech only) with slight pressure.The evaluation was carried out according to DIN EN12720: 1997-10 : Scale from 5 to 1, where 5 represents the best grade (no change). Examples
Beispiel Bl: Example Bl:
723,7 g Trimethylolpropan und 0,51 g NaOH (50% in Wasser) wurden vorgelegt und unter vol- lern Vakuum für 60 min bei 120 °C entwässert. Anschließend wurde mit Stickstoff inertisiert. Der Kessel wurde auf 170-175 °C erhitzt und das Ethylenoxid in 3,0 Stunden zudosiert. Nach einer Abreaktionszeit von 0,7 Stunden wurde für 30 Minuten unter vollem Vakuum bei 60-100 °C evakuiert und anschließend auf 60 °C abgekühlt. Die Aufarbeitung erfolgte durch Neutralisation mit 0,43g Essigsäure auf pH 5,2. Das erhaltene Produkt war eine helle Flüssigkeit. Es wur- den 1592 g Produkt erhalten. Das Produkt wurde wie folgt charakterisiert: 723.7 g of trimethylolpropane and 0.51 g of NaOH (50% in water) were initially charged and dehydrated under full vacuum at 120 ° C. for 60 min. Subsequently, it was rendered inert with nitrogen. The kettle was heated to 170-175 ° C and the ethylene oxide added in 3.0 hours. After a reaction time of 0.7 hours was evacuated for 30 minutes under full vacuum at 60-100 ° C and then cooled to 60 ° C. The workup was carried out by neutralization with 0.43 g of acetic acid to pH 5.2. The product obtained was a light liquid. 1592 g of product were obtained. The product was characterized as follows:
OH-Zahl: 556,2 mg KOH/g Substanz OH number: 556.2 mg KOH / g substance
Hazenfarbzahl = 35 Vergleichsbeispiele VI bis V3 Hazen color number = 35 Comparative Examples VI to V3
Analog zu Beispiel 1 wurden die Vergleichsbeispiele VI bis V3 hergestellt, die jeweils andere EO-Grade aufweisen. Analogously to Example 1, Comparative Examples VI to V3 were prepared, each having different degrees of EO.
Eine Übersicht der hergestellten Ethoxylate auf Basis von Trimethylolpropan (TMP) gibt die nachfolgende Tabelle 1. An overview of the prepared ethoxylates based on trimethylolpropane (TMP) is given in Table 1 below.
Beispiel B2: Example B2:
Schritt 1: 671,05g der gemäß Beispiel 1 hergestellten Zusammensetzung, 161,83g Adipinsäure, 400g Methylcyclohexan, 362,32g Acrylsäure, 1,2g Kerobit TBK, 3,6g Methylhydrochinon, 0,036g Phenothiazin und 1,2g H3PO2 wurden in die Vorlage eingefüllt. Dann wurden 6g Schwefelsäure (Katalysator) und 4,8 g Wasser zugegeben. Die Temperatur wurde auf 96 bis 107°C an-
gehoben und in diesem Bereich gehalten. Der Reaktionsfortschritt wurde anhand der Menge des gebildeten Reaktionswassers bestimmt. Nach circa 11 Stunden war die Reaktion beendet und das Lösemittel wurde bei vermindertem Druck entfernt. Nach beendeter Destillation betrug die Säurezahl des Reaktionsgemisches 43 mgKOH/g. Schritt 2: Zu dem in Schritt 1 erhaltenen Reakti- onsgemisch wurden 152,28g Bisphenol-A-Diglycidether (Handelsprodukt Epikote 828) und 31,53g Tetrabutylammoniumbromid zugegeben und die Mischung für 7 Stunden auf 108°C erwärmt. Step 1: 671.05 g of the composition prepared according to Example 1, 161.83 g of adipic acid, 400 g of methylcyclohexane, 362.32 g of acrylic acid, 1.2 g of Kerobit TBK, 3.6 g of methylhydroquinone, 0.036 g of phenothiazine and 1.2 g of H3PO2 were introduced into the original , Then, 6 g of sulfuric acid (catalyst) and 4.8 g of water were added. The temperature was adjusted to 96 to 107 ° C. lifted and kept in this area. The progress of the reaction was determined by the amount of the reaction water formed. After about 11 hours the reaction was complete and the solvent was removed at reduced pressure. After completion of the distillation, the acid number of the reaction mixture was 43 mgKOH / g. Step 2: To the reaction mixture obtained in step 1 was added 152.28 g of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (commercial product Epikote 828) and 31.53 g of tetrabutylammonium bromide, and the mixture was heated to 108 ° C for 7 hours.
Vergleichsbeispiel V4 Comparative Example V4
Analog zu Beispiel 2 wurden das Vergleichsbeispiel V4 hergestellt, wobei die Substanz gemäß dem Vergleichsbeispiel VI im ersten Schritt mit Adipinsäure und Acrylsäure verestert und im zweiten Schritt die Umsetzung Bisphenol-A-Diglycidether erfolgte. Die Substanz gemäß dem Vergleichsbeispiel V4 sowie die Substanz gemäß Beispiel 2 wurden charakterisiert und die entsprechenden Werte können Tabelle 2 entnommen werden: Analogously to Example 2, Comparative Example C4 were prepared, wherein the substance according to Comparative Example VI esterified in the first step with adipic acid and acrylic acid and in the second step, the reaction bisphenol A diglycidyl ether. The substance according to Comparative Example C4 and the substance according to Example 2 were characterized and the corresponding values can be taken from Table 2:
Anwendungsbeispiele applications
Zu dem Produkt gemäß Beispiel B2 - und analog zu dem Produkt gemäß dem Vergleichsbeispiel V4 - wurden 5 Gew % - bezogen auf das jeweilige Produkt - des Photoinitiators Irgacure 500® gegeben. Die so hergestellte Beschichtungsmasse wurde mit einem Kastenrakel auf Bon- der®Blech und Glas aufgebracht, wobei die Spaltbreite des Rakels 120 μιη betrug (damit ist im- pliziert, dass die Nassfilmdicke der aufgebrachten Beschichtung 120 μιη betrug). Die Aushärtung erfolgte unter Stickstoffatmosphäre mit einem Energieeintrag von 1900 mJ/cm2. Anschließend erfolgte die Bestimmung der Pendeldämpfung (PD). Ferner wurde ein Chemikalientest mit Schwarztee sowie mit Bananenstückchen einer reifen Banane durchgeführt, ferner der Bleistifttest. Die Ergebnisse der Tests können Tabelle 3 entnommen werden.
Tabelle 3 5% by weight, based on the particular product, of the Irgacure 500® photoinitiator were added to the product according to Example B2 - and analogously to the product according to Comparative Example C4. The coating composition prepared in this way was applied to Bonder® sheet and glass using a box wiper, the nip width of the doctor blade being 120 μm (this implies that the wet film thickness of the applied coating was 120 μm). Curing took place under a nitrogen atmosphere with an energy input of 1900 mJ / cm 2 . Subsequently, the determination of the pendulum damping (PD). Furthermore, a chemical test was carried out with black tea and banana pieces of a ripe banana, as well as the pencil test. The results of the tests can be seen in Table 3. Table 3
Claims
Trimethylolpropan-Derivate (I), dadurch erhältlich, dass man in einem ersten Schritt Zusammensetzungen (II) mit einer Dicarbonsäure (lila) und/oder deren Anhydrid (Illb) und (Meth)acrylsäure (IV) umsetzt, wobei die Verbindungen (lila) und (Elb) ein Molgewicht unterhalb von 300 g/mol aufweisen, mit der Maßgabe, dass es sich bei den Zusammensetzungen (Π) um Zusammensetzungen handelt, die dadurch erhältlich sind, dass man Ethylenoxid an Trimethylolpropan anlagert, wobei die Zusammensetzungen (II) eine OHZ (Hydroxyl- zahl) im Bereich von 538 bis 572 mg KOH/g - gemessen nach DIN 53240 - aufweisen, wobei man bei der Umsetzung der Zusammensetzungen (Π) mit den Verbindungen (ΠΙ) und (Meth)acrylsäure (IV) die Umsetzungsverhältnisse der Reaktanden so einstellt, dass man pro mol OH-Gruppen der Zusammensetzungen (II) 0,05 bis 0,5 mol der Verbindungen (ΙΠ) und 0,8 bis 1,5 mol (Meth)acrylsäure (IV) einsetzt, und das im ersten Schritt erhaltene Reaktionsgemisch in einem zweiten Schritt mit ein oder mehreren polyfunktionellen Epoxiden (V) umsetzt, mit der Maßgabe, dass die Säurezahl des im zweiten Schritt erhaltenen Reaktionsgemisches 10 mg KOH pro g Substanz oder weniger beträgt. Trimethylolpropane derivatives (I) obtainable by reacting, in a first step, compositions (II) with a dicarboxylic acid (IIIa) and / or its anhydride (IIIb) and (meth) acrylic acid (IV), where the compounds (IIIa) and (Elb) have a molecular weight below 300 g / mol, with the proviso that the compositions (Π) are compositions obtainable by attaching ethylene oxide to trimethylolpropane, the compositions (II) a OHZ (hydroxyl number) in the range of 538 to 572 mg KOH / g - measured according to DIN 53240 -, wherein in the reaction of the compositions (Π) with the compounds (ΠΙ) and (meth) acrylic acid (IV), the reaction ratios the reactants adjusted so that per mole of OH groups of the compositions (II) 0.05 to 0.5 mol of the compounds (ΙΠ) and 0.8 to 1.5 mol of (meth) acrylic acid (IV) is used, and the in the first step, the reaction mixture obtained in a second step with one or more polyfunctional epoxides (V), with the proviso that the acid number of the reaction mixture obtained in the second step is 10 mg KOH per g of substance or less.
Trimethylolpropan-Derivate (I) nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Zusammensetzungen (Π) eine OHZ (Hydroxylzahl) im Bereich von 554 bis 572 mg KOH/g - gemessen nach DIN 53240 - aufweisen. Trimethylolpropane derivatives (I) according to claim 1, wherein the compositions (Π) have an OH number (hydroxyl number) in the range from 554 to 572 mg KOH / g - measured according to DIN 53240.
Trimethylolpropan-Derivate (I) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei man die im zweiten Schritt einzusetzenden polyfunktionellen Epoxide (V) auswählt aus der Gruppe Bisphenol-A- Diglycidylether und der Polyglycidether von Pentaerythrit. Trimethylolpropane derivatives (I) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the polyfunctional epoxides (V) to be used in the second step are selected from the group consisting of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether and the polyglycidyl ether of pentaerythritol.
Beschichtungsmassen enthaltend ein oder mehrere Trimethylolpropan-Derivate (I) gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3. Coating compositions comprising one or more trimethylolpropane derivatives (I) according to one of claims 1 to 3.
Verwendung der Verbindungen (I) gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3 zur Beschichtung der Oberflächen fester Substrate. Use of the compounds (I) according to one of claims 1 to 3 for coating the surfaces of solid substrates.
Verwendung von Beschichtungsmassen enthaltend ein oder mehrere Trimethylolpropan- Derivate (I) gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3 zur Beschichtung der Oberflächen fester Substrate.
Use of coating compositions comprising one or more trimethylolpropane derivatives (I) according to one of claims 1 to 3 for coating the surfaces of solid substrates.
7. Verfahren zum Beschichten der Oberflächen fester Substrate, wobei man ein oder mehrere Verbindungen (I) gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3 auf die Oberfläche eines festen Substrates aufbringt und anschließend eine Strahlenhärtung durchführt. 7. A method for coating the surfaces of solid substrates, wherein applying one or more compounds (I) according to any one of claims 1 to 3 on the surface of a solid substrate and then performs a radiation curing.
8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, wobei es sich bei der Strahlenhärtung um eine Härtung mit UV- Licht der Wellenlänge im Bereich von 200 bis 500 nm handelt. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the radiation curing is a curing with UV light of the wavelength in the range of 200 to 500 nm.
9. Verwendung der Verbindungen (I) gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3 zur Herstellung von Michael- Addukten, die dadurch erhältlich sind, dass man die Verbindungen (I) mit Aminen umsetzt.
9. Use of the compounds (I) according to one of claims 1 to 3 for the preparation of Michael adducts, which are obtainable by reacting the compounds (I) with amines.
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