WO2016067625A1 - 高強度鋼板およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
高強度鋼板およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016067625A1 WO2016067625A1 PCT/JP2015/005459 JP2015005459W WO2016067625A1 WO 2016067625 A1 WO2016067625 A1 WO 2016067625A1 JP 2015005459 W JP2015005459 W JP 2015005459W WO 2016067625 A1 WO2016067625 A1 WO 2016067625A1
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- hot
- retained austenite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/34—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the material to be treated
- C23C2/36—Elongated material
- C23C2/40—Plates; Strips
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/22—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of zinc
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
- B32B2255/06—Coating on the layer surface on metal layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
- B32B2255/20—Inorganic coating
- B32B2255/205—Metallic coating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/001—Austenite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a high-strength steel sheet having excellent formability and a low yield ratio, which is suitable as a member used in industrial fields such as automobiles and electricity, and a method for producing the same.
- Patent Document 1 proposes a steel sheet having a very high ductility utilizing work-induced transformation of retained austenite having a tensile strength of 1000 MPa or more and a total elongation (EL) of 30% or more.
- Patent Document 2 proposes a steel plate that attempts to obtain a high strength-ductility balance by performing heat treatment in a two-phase region of ferrite and austenite using high Mn steel.
- Patent Document 3 the structure after hot rolling with a high Mn steel is made into a structure containing bainite and martensite, and further, fine retained austenite is formed by annealing and tempering, and then tempered bainite or tempered martensite.
- a steel sheet has been proposed that seeks to improve local ductility by using an organization that includes a site.
- the steel sheet described in Patent Document 1 is manufactured by performing a so-called austempering process in which a steel sheet containing C, Si, and Mn as basic components is austenitized, and then quenched into a bainite transformation temperature range and held isothermally. Is done. And when this austemper process is performed, a retained austenite is produced
- Patent Document 1 is mainly intended to improve ductility, and no consideration is given to hole expansibility, bendability, and yield ratio.
- the present invention has been developed in view of such circumstances, and is a high-strength steel sheet having excellent formability and a low yield ratio. Specifically, YR (yield ratio) is less than 68%, and TS ( An object of the present invention is to provide a high-strength steel sheet having a tensile strength of 590 MPa or more together with its advantageous production method.
- the high-strength steel plate referred to in the present invention includes a high-strength steel plate (high-strength hot-dip galvanized steel plate) having a hot-dip galvanized layer on the surface and a high-strength steel plate (high-strength hot-dip aluminum plating having a hot-dip aluminum plating layer on the surface). Steel plate) and high strength steel plate (high strength electrogalvanized steel plate) having an electrogalvanized layer on its surface.
- -Mn is contained in the range of 2.60 mass% or more and 4.20 mass% or less, and other component compositions are adjusted to a predetermined range.
- the steel structure is a structure containing appropriate amounts of polygonal ferrite, martensite, and retained austenite, and these constituent phases are refined. Further, the average aspect ratio of crystal grains of these constituent phases and the value obtained by dividing the amount of Mn (mass%) in retained austenite by the amount of Mn (mass%) in polygonal ferrite are optimized.
- the component composition is adjusted to a predetermined range, the manufacturing conditions, particularly the heat treatment conditions after hot rolling (hot-rolled sheet annealing), and the conditions after cold rolling. It is important to appropriately control the heat treatment (cold rolled sheet annealing) conditions.
- the present invention was completed after further studies based on the above findings.
- the gist configuration of the present invention is as follows. 1.
- the component composition is C: 0.030% or more and 0.250% or less, Si: 0.01% or more and 3.00% or less, Mn: 2.60% or more and 4.20% or less, and P: 0.00% by mass.
- the balance consists of Fe and inevitable impurities, Steel structure is area ratio, polygonal ferrite is 35% or more and 80% or less, martensite is 5% or more and 25% or less, and volume ratio is residual austenite is 8% or more,
- the average crystal grain size of the polygonal ferrite is 6 ⁇ m or less
- the average crystal grain size of the martensite is 3 ⁇ m or less
- the average crystal grain size of the retained austenite is 3 ⁇ m or less
- the average aspect ratio of the residual austenite crystal grains is 2.0 or less
- strength steel plate whose value which remove
- the component composition further includes, by mass, Al: 0.01% to 2.00%, Nb: 0.005% to 0.200%, B: 0.0003% to 0.0050%, Ni: 0.005% to 1.000%, Cr: 0.005% to 1.000%, V: 0.005% to 0.500%, Mo: 0.005% to 1.000%
- Cu 0.005% to 1.000%
- Sn 0.002% to 0.200%
- Sb 0.002% to 0.200%
- Ta 0.001% to 0.000. 010% or less
- Ca 0.0005% or more and 0.0050% or less
- Mg 0.0005% or more and 0.0050% or less
- REM 0.0005% or more and 0.0050% or less.
- the element described in 1 above is contained. High-strength steel sheet.
- the amount of C in the retained austenite is related to the amount of Mn in the retained austenite by the following formula: 0.09 ⁇ [Mn amount] ⁇ 0.130 ⁇ 0.140 ⁇ [C amount] ⁇ 0.09 ⁇ [Mn amount] ⁇ 0.130 + 0.140 [C amount]: C amount (% by mass) in retained austenite [Mn amount]: Mn amount (% by mass) in retained austenite
- the high-strength steel sheet according to any one of 1 to 3, wherein a volume ratio of retained austenite after applying a tensile process of 10% in elongation value is divided by a volume ratio of residual austenite before the tensile process.
- a high-strength steel sheet having a value of 0.3 or more.
- the steel slab having the component composition according to claim 1 or 2 is heated to 1100 ° C. or higher and 1300 ° C. or lower, hot rolled at a finish rolling exit temperature of 750 ° C. or higher and 1000 ° C. or lower, and an average winding temperature is set to 300.
- a hot-rolled sheet annealing step for holding the hot-rolled sheet in a temperature range of Ac 1 transformation point + 20 ° C.
- a cold rolling step in which the hot-rolled sheet is cold-rolled by cold rolling at a reduction ratio of 30% or more;
- a cold-rolled sheet annealing step in which the cold-rolled sheet is held in the temperature range from the Ac 1 transformation point to the Ac 1 transformation point + 100 ° C. in excess of 900 s to 21600 s, and then cooled.
- a method for manufacturing a high-strength steel sheet is
- the cold-rolled plate is further subjected to a galvanizing treatment or a hot-dip galvanizing treatment, followed by a step of performing an alloying treatment in a temperature range of 450 ° C. or more and 600 ° C. or less.
- a galvanizing treatment or a hot-dip galvanizing treatment followed by a step of performing an alloying treatment in a temperature range of 450 ° C. or more and 600 ° C. or less.
- a high-strength steel sheet having excellent formability, YR (yield ratio) of less than 68%, and TS (tensile strength) of 590 MPa or more is obtained. Further, by applying the high-strength steel sheet of the present invention to, for example, an automobile structural member, fuel efficiency can be improved by reducing the weight of the vehicle body, and the industrial utility value is extremely large.
- C 0.030% or more and 0.250% or less C is an element necessary for generating a low-temperature transformation phase such as martensite and increasing the strength. Moreover, it is an element effective in improving the stability of retained austenite and improving the ductility of steel.
- the amount of C is less than 0.030%, it is difficult to secure a desired martensite area ratio, and a desired strength cannot be obtained. Moreover, it is difficult to ensure a sufficient volume ratio of retained austenite, and good ductility cannot be obtained.
- C is added excessively exceeding 0.250%, the area ratio of hard martensite becomes excessive, and microvoids at the grain boundaries of martensite increase.
- the C content is in the range of 0.030% to 0.250%. Preferably, it is 0.080% or more and 0.200% or less of range.
- Si 0.01% or more and 3.00% or less Si is an element effective for ensuring good ductility because it improves the work hardening ability of ferrite.
- the Si content is less than 0.01%, the effect of addition becomes poor, so the lower limit is made 0.01%.
- excessive addition of Si exceeding 3.00% not only causes embrittlement of the steel but also causes deterioration of the surface properties due to the occurrence of red scale and the like.
- the Si content is in the range of 0.01% to 3.00%. Preferably, it is 0.20% or more and 2.00% or less of range.
- Mn 2.60% or more and 4.20% or less Mn is an extremely important element in the present invention. That is, Mn is an element that stabilizes retained austenite and is effective in ensuring good ductility, and further increases the strength of steel by solid solution strengthening. Such an effect is recognized when the Mn content of the steel is 2.60% or more. On the other hand, an excessive addition of Mn exceeding 4.20% causes an increase in cost. From such a viewpoint, the amount of Mn is set in the range of 2.60% to 4.20%. Preferably it is 3.00% or more.
- P 0.001% or more and 0.100% or less
- P is an element that has an effect of solid solution strengthening and can be added according to a desired strength.
- it is an element that promotes ferrite transformation and is effective in forming a composite structure of a steel sheet.
- P amount 0.001% or more.
- the P content exceeds 0.100%, weldability is deteriorated.
- rate is reduced and the quality of zinc plating is impaired. Therefore, the P amount is in the range of 0.001% to 0.100%. Preferably it is 0.005% or more and 0.050% or less of range.
- S 0.0001% or more and 0.0200% or less S segregates at the grain boundary and embrittles the steel during hot working, and also exists as a sulfide and lowers the local deformability of the steel sheet. Therefore, the amount of S needs to be 0.0200% or less, preferably 0.0100% or less, more preferably 0.0050% or less. However, the amount of S is made 0.0001% or more due to production technology restrictions. Therefore, the S content is in the range of 0.0001% to 0.0200%. Preferably it is 0.0001% or more and 0.0100% or less of range, More preferably, it is 0.0001% or more and 0.0050% or less of range.
- N 0.0005% or more and 0.0100% or less
- N is an element that deteriorates the aging resistance of steel.
- the N content exceeds 0.0100%, the deterioration of aging resistance becomes significant.
- the amount of N is set to 0.0005% or more because of restrictions on production technology. Therefore, the N content is in the range of 0.0005% to 0.0100%. Preferably it is 0.0010% or more and 0.0070% or less of range.
- Ti 0.003% or more and 0.200% or less
- Ti is an extremely important element in the present invention. That is, Ti is effective for precipitation strengthening of steel, and the effect is obtained by adding 0.003% or more of Ti.
- the Ti amount exceeds 0.200%, the area ratio of hard martensite becomes excessive, and microvoids at the grain boundaries of martensite increase. For this reason, the propagation of cracks easily progresses during the bending test and the hole expansion test, and the bendability and stretch flangeability deteriorate. Therefore, the Ti amount is set in the range of 0.003% to 0.200%. Preferably, it is 0.010% or more and 0.100% or less of range.
- Al 0.01% to 2.00%, Nb: 0.005% to 0.200%, B: 0.0003% to 0.0050%, Ni: 0.005% to 1.000%, Cr: 0.005% to 1.000%, V: 0.005% to 0.500%, Mo: 0.005% to 1.000%, Cu: 0.005% to 1.000%, Sn: 0.002% to 0.200%, Sb: 0.002% to 0.200%, Ta: 0.001% to 0.010%
- at least one element selected from Ca: 0.0005% to 0.0050%, Mg: 0.0005% to 0.0050% and REM: 0.0005% to 0.0050% Can be contained.
- Al 0.01% or more and 2.00% or less
- Al is an element that expands the two-phase region of ferrite and austenite, reduces the dependency on annealing temperature, that is, is effective for material stability.
- Al also acts as a deoxidizer and is an effective element for the cleanliness of steel.
- the Al content is less than 0.01%, the effect of addition is poor, so the lower limit is made 0.01%.
- the addition of a large amount of Al exceeding 2.00% increases the risk of steel piece cracking during continuous casting, and decreases productivity. Therefore, when Al is added, the amount is in the range of 0.01% to 2.00%. Preferably, it is 0.20% or more and 1.20% or less of range.
- Nb 0.005% or more and 0.200% or less
- Nb is effective for precipitation strengthening of steel, and the effect of addition is obtained at 0.005% or more.
- the Nb content exceeds 0.200%, the area ratio of hard martensite becomes excessive, and microvoids at the grain boundaries of martensite increase. For this reason, the propagation of cracks easily progresses during the bending test and the hole expansion test, and the bendability and stretch flangeability deteriorate. In addition, the cost increases. Therefore, when Nb is added, the amount is in the range of 0.005% to 0.200%. Preferably it is 0.010% or more and 0.100% or less of range.
- B 0.0003% or more and 0.0050% or less B has an effect of suppressing the formation and growth of ferrite from the austenite grain boundary, and can be flexibly controlled in the structure, so it is added as necessary. Can do. The effect of addition is obtained at 0.0003% or more. On the other hand, if the amount of B exceeds 0.0050%, the moldability deteriorates. Therefore, when adding B, the quantity shall be 0.0003% or more and 0.0050% or less of range. Preferably, it is 0.0005% or more and 0.0030% or less of range.
- Ni 0.005% or more and 1.000% or less
- Ni is an element that stabilizes retained austenite and is effective in securing good ductility, and further increases the strength of the steel by solid solution strengthening. The effect of addition is obtained at 0.005% or more.
- the Ni content exceeds 1.000%, the area ratio of hard martensite becomes excessive, and microvoids at the grain boundaries of martensite increase. For this reason, the propagation of cracks easily progresses during the bending test and the hole expansion test, and the bendability and stretch flangeability deteriorate. In addition, the cost increases. Therefore, when adding Ni, the quantity shall be 0.005% or more and 1.000% or less.
- Cr 0.005% to 1.000%, V: 0.005% to 0.500%, Mo: 0.005% to 1.000% Cr, V, and Mo balance strength and ductility Is an element that can be added as needed.
- the addition effect is obtained when Cr: 0.005% or more, V: 0.005% or more, and Mo: 0.005% or more.
- the area ratio of hard martensite becomes excessive, and the martensite grain boundary Increases microvoids. For this reason, the propagation of cracks easily progresses during the bending test and the hole expansion test, and the bendability and stretch flangeability deteriorate.
- the cost increases. Therefore, when these elements are added, the amounts thereof are Cr: 0.005% to 1.000%, V: 0.005% to 0.500% and Mo: 0.005% to 1.000%, respectively. % Or less.
- Cu 0.005% or more and 1.000% or less
- Cu is an element effective for strengthening steel, and may be used for strengthening steel within the above range. Moreover, the addition effect is acquired at 0.005% or more.
- the amount of Cu exceeds 1.000%, the area ratio of hard martensite becomes excessive, and microvoids at the grain boundary of martensite increase. For this reason, the propagation of cracks easily progresses during the bending test and the hole expansion test, and the bendability and stretch flangeability deteriorate. Therefore, when adding Cu, the quantity shall be 0.005% or more and 1.000% or less.
- Sn 0.002% or more and 0.200% or less
- Sb 0.002% or more and 0.200% or less
- Sn nitriding and oxidation
- Sn and Sb are effective in securing strength and material stability.
- Sn and Sb are added excessively in excess of 0.200%, toughness is reduced. Therefore, when adding Sn and Sb, the amount is in the range of 0.002% to 0.200%, respectively.
- Ta 0.001% or more and 0.010% or less Ta, like Ti and Nb, generates alloy carbide and alloy carbonitride and contributes to high strength.
- Ta partially dissolves in Nb carbide and Nb carbonitride, and suppresses the coarsening of the precipitate by generating a composite precipitate such as (Nb, Ta) (C, N), It is considered that there is an effect of stabilizing the contribution to strength improvement by precipitation strengthening. For this reason, it is preferable to contain Ta.
- the effect of stabilizing the precipitate described above can be obtained by setting the content of Ta to 0.001% or more.
- Ta even if Ta is added excessively, the effect of addition is saturated and the alloy cost also increases. Therefore, when Ta is added, the amount is in the range of 0.001% to 0.010%.
- Ca, Mg, and REM have a sulfide shape. It is an effective element for spheroidizing and improving the adverse effect of sulfides on hole expandability (stretch flangeability). In order to obtain this effect, 0.0005% or more must be added. On the other hand, excessive addition of each of Ca, Mg and REM exceeding 0.0050% causes an increase in inclusions and the like, resulting in surface and internal defects. Therefore, when adding Ca, Mg and REM, the amount is in the range of 0.0005% or more and 0.0050% or less, respectively.
- components other than the above are Fe and inevitable impurities.
- Polygonal ferrite area ratio 35% or more and 80% or less
- the area ratio of polygonal ferrite needs to be 35% or more in order to ensure sufficient ductility.
- Polygonal ferrite referred to here is ferrite that is relatively soft and rich in ductility.
- Martensite area ratio 5% or more and 25% or less
- the martensite area ratio needs to be 5% or more.
- the martensite area ratio needs to be 25% or less. Preferably it is 8% or more and 20% or less of range.
- the area ratio of polygonal ferrite and martensite can be determined as follows. That is, after the plate thickness cross section (L cross section) parallel to the rolling direction of the steel plate is polished, it corrodes with 3 vol.% Nital and corresponds to the plate thickness 1/4 position (1/4 plate thickness in the depth direction from the steel plate surface). 10 positions are observed at a magnification of 2000 using a SEM (scanning electron microscope) to obtain a tissue image. Using this obtained tissue image, the area ratio of each tissue (polygonal ferrite, martensite) is calculated for 10 visual fields by Image-Pro of Media Cybernetics, and the values can be obtained by averaging. Further, in the above structure image, polygonal ferrite is identified by a gray structure (underground structure), and martensite is identified by a white structure.
- volume ratio of retained austenite 8% or more
- the volume ratio of retained austenite needs to be 8% or more in order to ensure sufficient ductility.
- it is 10% or more.
- the upper limit of the volume fraction of retained austenite is not particularly limited, but 60% because retained austenite having a small effect of improving ductility, that is, so-called unstable retained austenite in which components such as C and Mn are diluted increases. It is preferable to set the degree. More preferably, it is 50% or less.
- the volume ratio of retained austenite is determined by polishing the steel plate to a 1 ⁇ 4 surface in the plate thickness direction (a surface corresponding to 1 ⁇ 4 of the plate thickness in the depth direction from the steel plate surface). Obtained by measuring the line strength.
- MoK ⁇ rays are used as incident X-rays, and ⁇ 111 ⁇ , ⁇ 200 ⁇ , ⁇ 220 ⁇ , ⁇ 311 ⁇ planes of the retained austenite have peak integrated intensities of ferrite ⁇ 110 ⁇ , ⁇ 200 ⁇ , ⁇ 211 ⁇ .
- the intensity ratios of all 12 combinations with respect to the integrated intensity of the peak of the surface are obtained, and the average value thereof is taken as the volume ratio of retained austenite.
- Average crystal grain size of polygonal ferrite 6 ⁇ m or less
- the refinement of crystal grains of polygonal ferrite contributes to improvement of TS (tensile strength) and improvement of bendability and stretch flangeability (hole expansion property).
- the average crystal grain size of polygonal ferrite needs to be 6 ⁇ m or less. Preferably it is 5 micrometers or less.
- the lower limit of the average crystal grain size of polygonal ferrite is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 0.3 ⁇ m industrially.
- Martensite average crystal grain size 3 ⁇ m or less
- the average crystal grain size of martensite in order to ensure high bendability and high stretch flangeability (high hole expansibility), the average crystal grain size of martensite must be 3 ⁇ m or less. Preferably, it is 2.5 ⁇ m or less.
- the lower limit of the average crystal grain size of martensite is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 0.1 ⁇ m industrially.
- Average crystal grain size of retained austenite 3 ⁇ m or less
- the refinement of crystal grains of retained austenite contributes to the improvement of ductility and the improvement of bendability and stretch flangeability (hole expandability).
- the average crystal grain size of retained austenite needs to be 3 ⁇ m or less. Preferably, it is 2.5 ⁇ m or less.
- the lower limit of the average crystal grain size of retained austenite is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 0.1 ⁇ m industrially.
- the average crystal grain size of polygonal ferrite, martensite and retained austenite was determined from the structure image obtained in the same manner as the measurement of the area ratio using the above-mentioned Image-Pro, polygonal ferrite grains, martensite grains and The area of each retained austenite grain is determined, the equivalent circle diameter is calculated, and the average of these values is determined.
- martensite and retained austenite are identified by Phase Map of EBSD (Electron BackScatter Diffraction). In determining the average crystal grain size, crystal grains having a grain size of 0.01 ⁇ m or more are measured.
- Average aspect ratio of crystal grains of polygonal ferrite, martensite, and retained austenite 2.0 or less
- the average aspect ratio of crystal grains of polygonal ferrite, martensite, and retained austenite is 2.0 or less.
- the small aspect ratio of the crystal grains means that the grains grow after recovery and recrystallization of ferrite and austenite during holding in the heat treatment after cold rolling (cold rolled sheet annealing), and are close to equiaxed grains This means that crystal grains were formed.
- Such crystal grains having a low aspect ratio greatly contribute to a decrease in YR (yield ratio).
- the average aspect ratio of the crystal grains of polygonal ferrite, martensite and retained austenite is set to 2.0 or less. Preferably it is 1.8 or less, More preferably, it is 1.6 or less.
- the lower limit value of the average aspect ratio of the crystal grains of polygonal ferrite, martensite and retained austenite is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 1.1.
- the aspect ratio of the crystal grain here is a value obtained by dividing the major axis length of the crystal grain by the minor axis length, and the average aspect ratio of each crystal grain can be obtained as follows. It can. That is, the long axis length of 30 crystal grains in each of the polygonal ferrite grains, martensite grains and residual austenite grains from the structure image obtained in the same manner as the area ratio measurement using the above-mentioned Image-Pro. And the minor axis length is calculated, the major axis length is divided by the minor axis length for each crystal grain, and these values are averaged.
- the amount of Mn (mass%) in retained austenite is the amount of Mn in polygonal ferrite ( It is very important in the present invention that the value divided by (mass%) is 2.0 or more. This is because in order to ensure good ductility, it is necessary to increase stable retained austenite enriched in Mn.
- the upper limit of the value obtained by dividing the amount of Mn (mass%) in the retained austenite by the amount of Mn (mass%) in polygonal ferrite is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of stretch flangeability, 16. It is preferably about 0.
- the amount of Mn in retained austenite and polygonal ferrite can be determined as follows. That is, using an EPMA (Electron Probe Micro Analyzer), the distribution state of Mn to each phase of the cross section in the rolling direction at the 1/4 position of the plate thickness is quantified, and then 30 residual austenite grains Further, the amount of Mn of 30 polygonal ferrite grains can be analyzed, and the amount of Mn of each retained austenite grain and polygonal ferrite grain obtained from the analysis results can be averaged.
- EPMA Electro Probe Micro Analyzer
- the microstructure of the high-strength steel sheet of the present invention includes not only polygonal ferrite, martensite and retained austenite, but also carbides such as granular ferrite, acicular ferrite, bainitic ferrite, tempered martensite, pearlite and cementite (pearlite). May be included). These structures may be included as long as the total area ratio is within a range of 10% or less, and the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- the amount of C in the retained austenite is related to the amount of Mn in the retained austenite by the following formula: 0.09 ⁇ [Mn amount] ⁇ 0.130 ⁇ 0.140 ⁇ [C amount] ⁇ 0.09 ⁇ [Mn amount] ⁇ 0.130 + 0.140 [C amount]: C amount mass% in retained austenite) [Mn amount]: Mn amount (% by mass) in retained austenite It is preferable to satisfy
- Residual austenite is a structure that tends to remain when the Ms point (martensitic transformation start point) determined by the component elements contained in the steel structure is low (for example, as low as about 15 ° C. or less).
- the inventors have conducted intensive studies on the steel structure after press forming and processing the steel sheet.
- the retained austenite present in steel is subject to martensitic transformation immediately when press forming or processing is performed (so-called unstable retained austenite), and retained austenite until the amount of processing increases.
- unstable retained austenite there is a material (so-called stable retained austenite) that causes martensite transformation and causes a TRIP phenomenon after the processing amount becomes large.
- good elongation can be obtained particularly effectively when there is a large amount of so-called stable retained austenite that undergoes martensitic transformation after the amount of processing increases.
- a steel sheet having a good elongation and a low one is selected from various steel sheets, these steel sheets are subjected to tensile processing at various working degrees of 0 to 20%, and residual austenite remaining in the steel sheets after the tensile processing is selected.
- the volume ratio was measured. And when the relationship between the workability of a steel plate and the volume ratio of the retained austenite of the steel plate after a tensile process was investigated, the tendency as shown in FIG. 1 was recognized between both. As shown in FIG. 1, it can be seen that in a steel sheet with good elongation, the method of reducing retained austenite when the degree of work is increased is moderate.
- a workability here is an elongation value when a tensile test is performed using a JIS No. 5 test piece taken so that the tensile direction is perpendicular to the rolling direction of the steel sheet.
- the inventors prepared various steel plates with a TS of 780 MPa class, applied tensile processing of 10% in elongation value to these steel plates, and measured the volume fraction of retained austenite in the steel plates after tensile processing. did.
- the measuring method of the volume ratio of a retained austenite was performed by the method mentioned above. Then, a value obtained by dividing the volume ratio of retained austenite after applying a tensile process of 10% by an elongation value by the volume ratio of residual austenite before the tensile process (that is, [applying a tensile process of 10% by an elongation value).
- the effect of the volume fraction of retained austenite after] / [volume fraction of retained austenite before tensile processing]) on the elongation of the steel sheet was investigated. The result is shown in FIG.
- the elongation of the steel plate in FIG. 2 is the total elongation obtained by conducting a tensile test similar to that of the examples described later on the steel plate before tensile processing.
- volume ratio of retained austenite after applying a tensile process of 10% in terms of elongation is divided by the volume ratio of retained austenite before tensile processing is 0.3 or more. High elongation can be obtained, while those outside this range have low elongation.
- the value obtained by dividing the volume ratio of retained austenite after imparting 10% tensile processing by the elongation value with the volume ratio of retained austenite before tensile processing is 0.3 or more.
- the amount of C in the retained austenite is related to the amount of Mn in the retained austenite, and the following formula: 0.09 ⁇ [Mn amount] ⁇ 0.130 ⁇ 0.140 ⁇ [C amount] ⁇ 0.09 ⁇ [Mn amount] ⁇ 0.130 + 0.140 [C amount]: C amount (% by mass) in retained austenite
- Mn amount Mn amount (% by mass) in retained austenite
- the work-induced transformation (TRIP) phenomenon which is the main factor for improving ductility, is interrupted until the end of processing of the steel sheet.
- TRIP work-induced transformation
- the amount of C (mass%) in the retained austenite can be determined by the following procedure in the same manner as the amount of Mn in the retained austenite described above. That is, using the above-mentioned EPMA, the distribution state of C to each phase of the cross section in the rolling direction at the plate thickness 1/4 position is quantified. Next, the amount of C of the 30 retained austenite grains can be analyzed, and the amount of C of each retained austenite grain obtained from the analysis result can be averaged.
- the method for producing a high-strength steel sheet according to the present invention comprises heating a steel slab having the above component composition to 1100 ° C. or more and 1300 ° C. or less, hot rolling at a finish rolling exit temperature of 750 ° C. or more and 1000 ° C. or less, and averaging A hot rolling process in which a coiling temperature is wound at a temperature of 300 ° C. or higher and 750 ° C.
- a hot-rolled sheet annealing process in which the sheet is held in a temperature range of not less than Ac 1 transformation point + 20 ° C. and not more than Ac 1 transformation point + 120 ° C. for not less than 600 s and not more than 21600 s, Cold-rolling by rolling into a cold-rolled sheet, and cooling the cold-rolled sheet after holding the cold-rolled sheet in the temperature range from the Ac 1 transformation point to the Ac 1 transformation point + 100 ° C. for over 900 s and 21600 s or less.
- a sheet annealing process is provided. Hereinafter, the reasons for limiting these manufacturing conditions will be described.
- Steel slab heating temperature 1100 ° C or higher and 1300 ° C or lower
- Precipitates present in the steel slab heating stage exist as coarse precipitates in the finally obtained steel sheet and do not contribute to strength. It is necessary to redissolve the deposited Ti and Nb-based precipitates.
- the heating temperature of the steel slab is less than 1100 ° C., it is difficult to sufficiently dissolve the carbide, and further problems such as an increased risk of occurrence of trouble during hot rolling due to an increase in rolling load occur. Therefore, the heating temperature of the steel slab needs to be 1100 ° C. or higher.
- the heating temperature of the steel slab needs to be 1100 ° C or higher. is there.
- the heating temperature of the steel slab exceeds 1300 ° C., the scale loss increases as the oxidation amount increases. Therefore, the heating temperature of the steel slab needs to be 1300 ° C. or lower. Therefore, the heating temperature of the steel slab is set in the range of 1100 ° C. or higher and 1300 ° C. or lower. Preferably, it is the range of 1150 degreeC or more and 1250 degrees C or less.
- the steel slab is preferably manufactured by a continuous casting method in order to prevent macro segregation, but it can also be manufactured by an ingot-making method or a thin slab casting method.
- the conventional method of once cooling to room temperature and heating again after that can be used.
- energy-saving processes such as direct feed rolling and direct rolling, which do not cool to room temperature, are charged in a heating furnace as they are, or are rolled immediately after being kept warm, are also problematic. Applicable without any problem.
- steel slabs are made into sheet bars by rough rolling under normal conditions, but if the heating temperature is lowered, a bar heater or the like is used before finish rolling from the viewpoint of preventing troubles during hot rolling. It is preferable to heat the sheet bar.
- Finishing rolling delivery temperature of hot rolling 750 ° C. or more and 1000 ° C. or less
- the heated steel slab is hot rolled by rough rolling and finish rolling to become a hot rolled steel sheet.
- the finish rolling exit temperature exceeds 1000 ° C.
- the amount of oxide (scale) generated increases rapidly, the interface between the base iron and the oxide becomes rough, the surface of the steel plate after pickling and cold rolling.
- the quality tends to deteriorate.
- a part of the hot-rolled scale remains after pickling, the ductility and stretch flangeability are adversely affected.
- the crystal grain size becomes excessively large, and the surface of the pressed product may be roughened during processing.
- the finish rolling exit temperature is less than 750 ° C.
- the rolling load increases, the rolling load increases, and the rolling reduction in a state where austenite is not recrystallized increases.
- an abnormal texture develops, the in-plane anisotropy in the final product becomes remarkable, and not only the material uniformity is impaired, but also the ductility itself is lowered. Therefore, it is necessary to set the finish rolling temperature of the hot rolling in the range of 750 ° C. or higher and 1000 ° C. or lower.
- it is the range of 800 degreeC or more and 950 degrees C or less.
- Average coiling temperature after hot rolling 300 ° C. or more and 750 ° C. or less
- the average coiling temperature after hot rolling exceeds 750 ° C.
- the ferrite crystal grain size in the hot-rolled sheet structure increases, and the desired strength is ensured. It becomes difficult.
- the average coiling temperature after hot rolling is less than 300 ° C.
- the hot-rolled sheet strength is increased, the rolling load in cold rolling is increased, and a defective plate shape is generated. Decreases. Therefore, the average winding temperature after hot rolling needs to be in the range of 300 ° C. or higher and 750 ° C. or lower.
- it is the range of 400 degreeC or more and 650 degrees C or less.
- rough rolling sheets may be joined together during hot rolling to continuously perform finish rolling. Moreover, you may wind up a rough rolling board once. Moreover, in order to reduce the rolling load during hot rolling, part or all of the finish rolling may be lubricated rolling. Performing lubrication rolling is also effective from the viewpoint of uniform steel plate shape and uniform material. In addition, it is preferable to make the friction coefficient at the time of lubrication rolling into the range of 0.10 or more and 0.25 or less.
- pickling can remove oxides (scale) on the surface of the steel sheet, it is important for ensuring good chemical conversion properties and plating quality of the high-strength steel sheet as the final product. Moreover, pickling may be performed once, or pickling may be performed in a plurality of times.
- Hot-rolled sheet annealing (heat treatment) conditions Ac 1 transformation point + 20 ° C. or higher and Ac 1 transformation point + 120 ° C. or lower and maintained at 600 s or more and 21600 s or less
- Ac 1 transformation point + 20 ° C. or higher and Ac 1 transformation point +120 It is extremely important in the present invention to maintain the temperature in the temperature range of ⁇ ° C. for 600 s or more and 21600 s or less. That is, when the annealing temperature (holding temperature) of hot-rolled sheet annealing is less than Ac 1 transformation point + 20 ° C.
- the heat treatment method may be any of continuous annealing and batch annealing.
- it is cooled to room temperature, but the cooling method and cooling rate are not particularly specified, and any cooling such as furnace cooling in batch annealing, gas jet cooling in air cooling and continuous annealing, mist cooling and water cooling, etc. I do not care.
- the pickling may be performed according to a conventional method.
- Cold rolling reduction 30% or more
- the rolling reduction is 30% or more.
- austenite is finely generated during heat treatment.
- fine retained austenite and martensite are obtained, and not only the strength-ductility balance is improved, but also bendability and stretch flangeability (hole expandability) are improved.
- the upper limit of the rolling reduction of cold rolling is not specifically limited, it is preferable to set it as about 85% from the point of the load load of cold rolling.
- Cold-rolled sheet annealing (heat treatment) Condition Ac in 900s super 21600s less holding the cold-rolled sheet annealing in 1 transformation point or more Ac 1 transformation point + 100 ° C. or less of a temperature range, Ac 1 transformation point or above Ac 1 transformation point + 100 ° C. below the temperature It is extremely important in the present invention to hold the region in the range of more than 900 s and not more than 21600 s. That is, when the annealing temperature (holding temperature) of cold-rolled sheet annealing is less than the Ac 1 transformation point or exceeds the Ac 1 transformation point + 100 ° C., the concentration of Mn in the austenite does not proceed, and a sufficient amount It becomes difficult to secure retained austenite, and ductility is reduced.
- the retention time is 900 s or less, unrecrystallized ferrite remains, the amount of interphase interface between the ferrite and the hard second phase (martensite and retained austenite) decreases, and the crystal grains in each constituent phase The average aspect ratio also increases.
- YP yield strength
- YR yield ratio
- the holding time exceeds 21600 s, the concentration of Mn in the austenite is saturated, and not only the effect margin on the ductility in the steel sheet obtained after the final annealing (cold rolling sheet annealing) is reduced, but also the cost is increased. It becomes a factor.
- the temperature is from the Ac 1 transformation point to the Ac 1 transformation point + 100 ° C. or less (preferably, the Ac 1 transformation point + 20 ° C. to the Ac 1 transformation point + 80 ° C. or less), more than 900 s and 21600 s or less (preferably Is held for a period of 1200 s to 18000 s).
- the amount of C in the retained austenite in the steel structure is represented by the following formula in relation to the amount of Mn in the retained austenite: 0.09 ⁇ [Mn amount] ⁇ 0.130 ⁇ 0.140 ⁇ [C amount] ⁇ 0.09 ⁇ [Mn amount] ⁇ 0.130 + 0.140 [C amount]: C amount (% by mass) in retained austenite [Mn amount]: Mn amount (% by mass) in retained austenite
- the above-mentioned cold-rolled sheet annealing conditions are also important, and in particular, it is preferable to hold in a temperature range of Ac 1 transformation point + 20 ° C. or higher and Ac 1 transformation point + 80 ° C. or lower.
- the cold-rolled sheet obtained as described above is subjected to plating treatment such as hot dip galvanizing treatment, hot dip aluminum plating treatment, and electro galvanizing treatment, so that the surface is hot dip galvanized layer, hot dip aluminum plated layer, electro zinc A high-strength steel plate having a plating layer can be obtained.
- plating treatment such as hot dip galvanizing treatment, hot dip aluminum plating treatment, and electro galvanizing treatment, so that the surface is hot dip galvanized layer, hot dip aluminum plated layer, electro zinc A high-strength steel plate having a plating layer can be obtained.
- the “hot dip galvanizing” includes alloyed hot dip galvanizing.
- the cold rolled plate obtained by performing the cold rolled plate annealing is immersed in a galvanizing bath at 440 ° C. or higher and 500 ° C. or lower, hot dip galvanizing treatment is applied, and then gas The amount of plating adhesion is adjusted by wiping or the like.
- the galvanization bath whose amount of Al is 0.10 mass% or more and 0.22 mass% or less for hot dip galvanization.
- the alloying treatment of galvanization is performed, the alloying treatment of galvanizing is performed in a temperature range of 450 ° C. or more and 600 ° C. or less after the galvanizing treatment.
- the alloying treatment When the alloying treatment is performed at a temperature exceeding 600 ° C., untransformed austenite is transformed into pearlite, and a desired volume ratio of retained austenite cannot be secured, and ductility may be lowered. On the other hand, if the alloying treatment temperature is less than 450 ° C., alloying does not proceed and it is difficult to produce an alloy layer. Therefore, when the galvanizing alloying treatment is performed, it is preferable to perform the galvanizing alloying treatment in a temperature range of 450 ° C. or more and 600 ° C. or less.
- CGL Continuous Galvanizing Line
- the cold-rolled plate obtained by performing the cold-rolled plate annealing is immersed in an aluminum plating bath at 660 to 730 ° C., and hot-dip aluminum plating is performed. To adjust the amount of plating adhesion.
- steel that conforms to a temperature range where the temperature of the aluminum plating bath is not less than the Ac 1 transformation point and not more than the Ac 1 transformation point + 100 ° C. is produced by the molten aluminum plating process, so that finer and more stable retained austenite is generated. Can be improved.
- the film thickness is preferably in the range of 5 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m, although not particularly limited.
- skin pass rolling can be performed on the high-strength steel plate manufactured as described above for the purpose of shape correction, adjustment of surface roughness, and the like.
- the rolling reduction of the skin pass rolling is preferably in the range of 0.1% to 2.0%. If it is less than 0.1%, the effect is small and control is difficult, so this is the lower limit of the good range. Moreover, since productivity will fall remarkably when it exceeds 2.0%, this is made the upper limit of a favorable range.
- skin pass rolling may be performed online or offline.
- a skin pass having a desired reduction rate may be performed at once, or may be performed in several steps.
- the high-strength steel plate produced as described above can be further subjected to various coating treatments such as resin and oil coating.
- the hot dip galvanizing bath uses a zinc bath containing Al: 0.19% by mass in GI, and uses a zinc bath containing Al: 0.14% by mass in GA, and the bath temperature is 465 ° C. did.
- the plating adhesion amount was 45 g / m 2 (double-sided plating) per side, and GA had an Fe concentration in the plating layer of 9% by mass or more and 12% by mass or less.
- the bath temperature of the hot dip aluminum plating bath for hot dip galvanized steel sheets was set to 700 ° C.
- the Ac 1 transformation point (° C.) in Table 1 was determined using the following formula.
- Ac 1 transformation point (° C.) 751-16 ⁇ (% C) + 11 ⁇ (% Si) ⁇ 28 ⁇ (% Mn) ⁇ 5.5 ⁇ (% Cu) ⁇ 16 ⁇ (% Ni) + 13 ⁇ (% Cr) + 3.4 ⁇ (% Mo )
- (% C), (% Si), (% Mn), (% Cu), (% Ni), (% Cr), (% Mo) are the contents of each element in steel (mass%) ).
- the steel sheet obtained as described above was subjected to a tensile test, a bending test, and a hole expanding test, and the tensile properties, bendability, and hole expanding characteristics were evaluated as follows.
- the tensile test is performed in accordance with JIS Z 2241 (2011) using a JIS No. 5 specimen obtained by taking a sample so that the tensile direction is perpendicular to the rolling direction of the steel sheet, and YP (yield stress), YR. (Yield ratio), TS (tensile strength) and EL (total elongation) were measured.
- YR is a value expressed by percentage by dividing YP by TS. YR ⁇ 68%, TS ⁇ 590 MPa or more, and TS ⁇ EL ⁇ 24000 MPa ⁇ %.
- TS: 590 MPa class is a steel sheet having a TS of 590 MPa or more and less than 780 MPa
- TS: 780 MPa class is a steel sheet having a TS of 780 MPa or more and less than 980 MPa
- TS: 980 MPa class is a TS having a TS of 980 MPa or more and less than 1180 MPa. It is a steel plate.
- the hole expansion test was performed in accordance with JIS Z 2256 (2010). After each steel plate obtained was cut to 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm, a hole with a diameter of 10 mm was punched out with a clearance of 12% ⁇ 1%, and then it was suppressed with a wrinkle holding force of 9 ton (88.26 kN) using a die with an inner diameter of 75 mm. The hole diameter at the crack initiation limit was measured by pushing a punch with a 60 ° cone into the hole. Then, the critical hole expansion rate ⁇ (%) was obtained from the following equation, and the hole expansion property was evaluated from the value of the critical hole expansion rate.
- Limit hole expansion ratio ⁇ (%) ⁇ (D f ⁇ D 0 ) / D 0 ⁇ ⁇ 100
- D f hole diameter at crack initiation (mm) D 0 is the initial hole diameter (mm).
- ⁇ ⁇ 30% the TS780 MPa class, ⁇ ⁇ 25%, and the TS980 MPa class, ⁇ ⁇ 20% were judged to be good.
- productivity in the production of the steel sheet, productivity, and further, the sheet properties during hot rolling and cold rolling, and the surface properties of the final annealed sheet (steel sheet after cold-rolled sheet annealing) were evaluated.
- productivity (1) A hot rolled sheet has a shape defect
- (2) When it is necessary to correct the shape of the hot-rolled sheet in order to proceed to the next process (3) When holding time of annealing treatment is long, Evaluated lead time cost. A case that does not correspond to any of (1) to (3) is determined as “good”, and a case that corresponds to any of (1) to (3) is determined to be “bad”.
- the plateability of hot rolling was judged as poor when the risk of trouble during rolling increased due to an increase in rolling load.
- the platenability of cold rolling was also judged to be defective when the risk of trouble during rolling increased due to an increase in rolling load.
- the tensile strength (TS) is 590 MPa or more and the yield ratio (YR) is less than 68%, and also good ductility and balance between strength and ductility, as well as bendability and hole expansibility. It can be seen that an excellent high-strength steel sheet can be produced. Moreover, all of the examples of the present invention are excellent in productivity, plate-passability of hot rolling and cold rolling, and surface properties of the final annealed plate. On the other hand, in the comparative example, desired properties are not obtained with respect to any one or more of tensile strength, yield ratio, ductility, balance between strength and ductility, bendability, and hole expandability.
- the present invention it is possible to produce a high-strength steel sheet having a YR (yield ratio) of less than 68%, excellent formability having a TS (tensile strength) of 590 MPa or more, and a low yield ratio. Further, by applying the high-strength steel sheet of the present invention to, for example, an automobile structural member, fuel efficiency can be improved by reducing the weight of the vehicle body, and the industrial utility value is very large.
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Abstract
Description
このため、このような鋼板では、成形性に加え、加工後にスプリングバック等を起こりにくくする必要があり、そのためには、加工前にYR(降伏比)が低いことが重要となる。
加えて、特許文献1に記載された鋼板では、延性の向上を主目的としており、穴広げ性や曲げ性、降伏比については考慮が払われていない。
なお、本発明でいう高強度鋼板には、表面に溶融亜鉛めっき層をそなえる高強度鋼板(高強度溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板)や、表面に溶融アルミニウムめっき層をそなえる高強度鋼板(高強度溶融アルミニウムめっき鋼板)、表面に電気亜鉛めっき層をそなえる高強度鋼板(高強度電気亜鉛めっき鋼板)が含まれる。
・Mnを2.60質量%以上4.20質量%以下の範囲で含有させるとともに、その他の成分組成を所定の範囲に調整する。
・鋼組織を、ポリゴナルフェライトとマルテンサイト、残留オーステナイトを適正量含む組織とし、これらの構成相を微細化する。また、これらの構成相の結晶粒の平均アスペクト比や、残留オーステナイト中のMn量(質量%)をポリゴナルフェライト中のMn量(質量%)で除した値を、適正化する。
(2)さらに、上記のような組織を造り込むには、成分組成を所定の範囲に調整するとともに、製造条件、特に熱間圧延後の熱処理(熱延板焼鈍)条件および冷間圧延後の熱処理(冷延板焼鈍)条件を適正に制御することが重要である。
本発明は、上記の知見に基づき、さらに検討を加えた末に完成されたものである。
1.成分組成が、質量%でC:0.030%以上0.250%以下、Si:0.01%以上3.00%以下、Mn:2.60%以上4.20%以下、P:0.001%以上0.100%以下、S:0.0001%以上0.0200%以下、N:0.0005%以上0.0100%以下およびTi:0.003%以上0.200%以下を含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物からなり、
鋼組織が、面積率で、ポリゴナルフェライトが35%以上80%以下、マルテンサイトが5%以上25%以下であって、体積率で、残留オーステナイトが8%以上であり、
また、前記ポリゴナルフェライトの平均結晶粒径が6μm以下、前記マルテンサイトの平均結晶粒径が3μm以下、前記残留オーステナイトの平均結晶粒径が3μm以下であるとともに、前記ポリゴナルフェライト、前記マルテンサイトおよび前記残留オーステナイトの結晶粒の平均アスペクト比がそれぞれ2.0以下であり、
さらに、前記残留オーステナイト中のMn量(質量%)を前記ポリゴナルフェライト中のMn量(質量%)で除した値が2.0以上である、高強度鋼板。
0.09×[Mn量]-0.130-0.140≦[C量]≦0.09×[Mn量]-0.130+0.140
[C量] :残留オーステナイト中のC量(質量%)
[Mn量]:残留オーステナイト中のMn量(質量%)
を満足する、前記1または2に記載の高強度鋼板。
請求項1または2に記載の成分組成を有する鋼スラブを、1100℃以上1300℃以下に加熱し、仕上げ圧延出側温度を750℃以上1000℃以下で熱間圧延し、平均巻き取り温度を300℃以上750℃以下で巻き取り、熱延板とする、熱間圧延工程と、
前記熱延板に、酸洗を施し、スケールを除去する、酸洗工程と、
前記熱延板を、Ac1変態点+20℃以上Ac1変態点+120℃以下の温度域で600s以上21600s以下保持する、熱延板焼鈍工程と、
前記熱延板を、圧下率:30%以上で冷間圧延して冷延板とする、冷間圧延工程と、
前記冷延板を、Ac1変態点以上Ac1変態点+100℃以下の温度域で900s超21600s以下保持した後、冷却する、冷延板焼鈍工程、
とをそなえる、高強度鋼板の製造方法。
また、本発明の高強度鋼板を、例えば、自動車構造部材に適用することにより、車体軽量化による燃費改善を図ることができ、産業的な利用価値は極めて大きい。
なお、成分組成における単位はいずれも「質量%」であるが、以下、特に断らない限り単に「%」で示す。
Cは、マルテンサイトなどの低温変態相を生成させて、強度を上昇させるために必要な元素である。また、残留オーステナイトの安定性を向上させ、鋼の延性を向上させるのに有効な元素である。
ここで、C量が0.030%未満では所望のマルテンサイトの面積率を確保することが難しく、所望の強度が得られない。また、十分な残留オーステナイトの体積率を確保することが難しく、良好な延性が得られない。一方、Cを、0.250%を超えて過剰に添加すると、硬質なマルテンサイトの面積率が過大となって、マルテンサイトの結晶粒界でのマイクロボイドが増加する。このため、曲げ試験時および穴広げ試験時に亀裂の伝播が進行しやすくなって、曲げ性や伸びフランジ性が低下する。また、溶接部および熱影響部の硬化が著しくなって、溶接部の機械的特性が低下するため、スポット溶接性やアーク溶接性なども劣化する。
こうした観点から、C量は0.030%以上0.250%以下の範囲とする。好ましくは、0.080%以上0.200%以下の範囲である。
Siはフェライトの加工硬化能を向上させるため、良好な延性の確保に有効な元素である。しかしながら、Si量が0.01%に満たないとその添加効果が乏しくなるため、その下限は0.01%とする。一方、3.00%を超えるSiの過剰な添加は、鋼の脆化を引き起こすばかりか赤スケールなどの発生による表面性状の劣化を引き起こす。そのため、Si量は0.01%以上3.00%以下の範囲とする。好ましくは、0.20%以上2.00%以下の範囲である。
Mnは、本発明において極めて重要な元素である。すなわち、Mnは、残留オーステナイトを安定化させる元素で、良好な延性の確保に有効であり、さらに、固溶強化により鋼の強度を上昇させる元素である。このような効果は、鋼のMn量が2.60%以上で認められる。一方、Mn量が4.20%を超える過剰な添加は、コストアップの要因になる。こうした観点から、Mn量は2.60%以上4.20%以下の範囲とする。好ましくは3.00%以上である。
Pは、固溶強化の作用を有し、所望の強度に応じて添加できる元素である。また、フェライト変態を促進し、鋼板の複合組織化にも有効な元素である。こうした効果を得るためには、P量を0.001%以上にする必要がある。一方、P量が0.100%を超えると、溶接性の劣化を招く。また、亜鉛めっきを合金化処理する場合には、合金化速度を低下させ、亜鉛めっきの品質を損なわせる。したがって、P量は0.001%以上0.100%以下の範囲とする。好ましくは0.005%以上0.050%以下の範囲である。
Sは、粒界に偏析して熱間加工時に鋼を脆化させるとともに、硫化物として存在して鋼板の局部変形能を低下させる。そのため、S量は0.0200%以下、好ましくは0.0100%以下、より好ましくは0.0050%以下にする必要がある。しかしながら、生産技術上の制約から、S量は0.0001%以上にする。したがって、S量は0.0001%以上0.0200%以下の範囲とする。好ましくは0.0001%以上0.0100%以下の範囲、より好ましくは0.0001%以上0.0050%以下の範囲である。
Nは、鋼の耐時効性を劣化させる元素である。特に、N量が0.0100%を超えると、耐時効性の劣化が顕著となる。N量は少ないほど好ましいが、生産技術上の制約から、N量は0.0005%以上にする。したがって、N量は0.0005%以上0.0100%以下の範囲とする。好ましくは0.0010%以上0.0070%以下の範囲である。
Tiは、本発明において極めて重要な元素である。すなわち、Tiは、鋼の析出強化に有効であり、その効果はTiを0.003%以上添加することにより得られる。しかし、Ti量が0.200%を超えると、硬質なマルテンサイトの面積率が過大となり、マルテンサイトの結晶粒界でのマイクロボイドが増加する。このため、曲げ試験時および穴広げ試験時に亀裂の伝播が進行しやすくなって、曲げ性や伸びフランジ性が低下する。したがって、Ti量は0.003%以上0.200%以下の範囲とする。好ましくは、0.010%以上0.100%以下の範囲である。
Alは、フェライトとオーステナイトの二相域を拡大させ、焼鈍温度依存性の低減、つまり、材質安定性に有効な元素である。また、Alは、脱酸剤として作用し、鋼の清浄度に有効な元素でもある。しかしながら、Al量が0.01%に満たないとその添加効果に乏しいので、その下限は0.01%とする。一方、Alの2.00%を超える多量の添加は、連続鋳造時の鋼片割れ発生の危険性が高まり、製造性を低下させる。したがって、Alを添加する場合、その量は0.01%以上2.00%以下の範囲とする。好ましくは、0.20%以上1.20%以下の範囲である。
Nbは、鋼の析出強化に有効で、その添加効果は0.005%以上で得られる。しかし、Nb量が0.200%を超えると、硬質なマルテンサイトの面積率が過大となって、マルテンサイトの結晶粒界でのマイクロボイドが増加する。このため、曲げ試験時および穴広げ試験時に亀裂の伝播が進行しやすくなって、曲げ性や伸びフランジ性が低下する。また、コストアップの要因にもなる。したがって、Nbを添加する場合、その量は0.005%以上0.200%以下の範囲とする。好ましくは0.010%以上0.100%以下の範囲である。
Bは、オーステナイト粒界からのフェライトの生成および成長を抑制する作用を有し、臨機応変な組織制御が可能なため、必要に応じて添加することができる。その添加効果は、0.0003%以上で得られる。一方、B量が0.0050%を超えると、成形性が低下する。したがって、Bを添加する場合、その量は0.0003%以上0.0050%以下の範囲とする。好ましくは、0.0005%以上0.0030%以下の範囲である。
Niは、残留オーステナイトを安定化させる元素で、良好な延性の確保に有効であり、さらに、固溶強化により鋼の強度を上昇させる元素である。その添加効果は、0.005%以上で得られる。一方、Ni量が1.000%を超えると、硬質なマルテンサイトの面積率が過大となり、マルテンサイトの結晶粒界でのマイクロボイドが増加する。このため、曲げ試験時および穴広げ試験時に亀裂の伝播が進行しやすくなって、曲げ性や伸びフランジ性が低下する。また、コストアップの要因にもなる。したがって、Niを添加する場合、その量は0.005%以上1.000%以下の範囲とする。
Cr、VおよびMoは、強度と延性のバランスを向上させる作用を有するので、必要に応じて添加することができる元素である。その添加効果は、Cr:0.005%以上、V:0.005%以上およびMo:0.005%以上で得られる。しかしながら、それぞれCr:1.000%、V:0.500%およびMo:1.000%を超えて過剰に添加すると、硬質なマルテンサイトの面積率が過大となり、マルテンサイトの結晶粒界でのマイクロボイドが増加する。このため、曲げ試験時および穴広げ試験時に亀裂の伝播が進行しやすくなって、曲げ性や伸びフランジ性が低下する。また、コストアップの要因にもなる。したがって、これらの元素を添加する場合、その量はそれぞれCr:0.005%以上1.000%以下、V:0.005%以上0.500%以下およびMo:0.005%以上1.000%以下の範囲とする。
Cuは、鋼の強化に有効な元素であり、上記の範囲内であれば鋼の強化に使用して差し支えない。また、その添加効果は0.005%以上で得られる。一方、Cu量が1.000%を超えると、硬質なマルテンサイトの面積率が過大となり、マルテンサイトの結晶粒界でのマイクロボイドが増加する。このため、曲げ試験時および穴広げ試験時に亀裂の伝播が進行しやすくなって、曲げ性や伸びフランジ性が低下する。したがって、Cuを添加する場合、その量は0.005%以上1.000%以下の範囲とする。
SnおよびSbは、鋼板表面の窒化や酸化によって生じる鋼板表層の数十μm程度の厚み領域の脱炭を抑制する観点から、必要に応じて添加することができる元素である。このような窒化や酸化を抑制することで、鋼板表面におけるマルテンサイトの面積率が減少するのを防止できるため、SnおよびSbは強度や材質安定性の確保に有効である。一方、SnおよびSbをそれぞれ0.200%を超えて過剰に添加すると、靭性の低下を招く。従って、Sn、Sbを添加する場合には、その量はそれぞれ、0.002%以上0.200%以下の範囲とする。
Taは、TiやNbと同様に、合金炭化物や合金炭窒化物を生成して高強度化に寄与する。加えて、Taは、Nb炭化物やNb炭窒化物に一部固溶し、(Nb,Ta)(C,N)のような複合析出物を生成することで析出物の粗大化を抑制し、析出強化による強度向上への寄与を安定化させる効果があると考えられる。このため、Taを含有させることが好ましい。ここで、前述の析出物安定化の効果は、Taの含有量を0.001%以上とすることで得られる。一方、Taを過剰に添加してもその添加効果が飽和する上、合金コストも増加する。したがって、Taを添加する場合、その量は0.001%以上0.010%以下の範囲とする。
Ca、MgおよびREMは、硫化物の形状を球状化し、穴広げ性(伸びフランジ性)への硫化物の悪影響を改善するために有効な元素である。この効果を得るためには、それぞれ0.0005%以上の添加が必要である。一方、Ca、MgおよびREMのそれぞれ0.0050%を超える過剰な添加は、介在物等の増加を引き起こし表面および内部欠陥などを引き起こす。したがって、Ca、MgおよびREMを添加する場合、その量はそれぞれ0.0005%以上0.0050%以下の範囲とする。
ポリゴナルフェライトの面積率:35%以上80%以下
本発明の高強度鋼板では、十分な延性を確保するため、ポリゴナルフェライトの面積率を35%以上にする必要がある。一方、590MPa以上のTSを確保するため、軟質なポリゴナルフェライトの面積率を80%以下にする必要がある。好ましくは、40%以上75%以下の範囲である。なお、ここでいうポリゴナルフェライトとは、比較的軟質で延性に富むフェライトのことである。
また、590MPa以上のTSを達成するためには、マルテンサイトの面積率を5%以上にする必要がある。一方、良好な延性の確保のためには、マルテンサイトの面積率を25%以下にする必要がある。好ましくは8%以上20%以下の範囲である。
すなわち、鋼板の圧延方向に平行な板厚断面(L断面)を研磨後、3vol.%ナイタールで腐食し、板厚1/4位置(鋼板表面から深さ方向で板厚の1/4に相当する位置)について、SEM(走査型電子顕微鏡)を用いて2000倍の倍率で10視野観察し、組織画像を得る。この得られた組織画像を用いて、Media Cybernetics社のImage-Proにより各組織(ポリゴナルフェライト、マルテンサイト)の面積率を10視野分算出し、それらの値を平均して求めることができる。また、上記の組織画像において、ポリゴナルフェライトは灰色の組織(下地組織)、マルテンサイトは白色の組織を呈していることで識別される。
本発明の高強度鋼板では、十分な延性を確保するため、残留オーステナイトの体積率を8%以上にする必要がある。好ましくは10%以上である。また、残留オーステナイトの体積率の上限は、特に限定はされないが、延性向上の効果が小さい残留オーステナイト、すなわちCやMnなどの成分が希薄ないわゆる不安定な残留オーステナイトが増加することから、60%程度とすることが好ましい。より好ましくは50%以下である。
ポリゴナルフェライトの結晶粒の微細化は、TS(引張強さ)の向上や曲げ性と伸びフランジ性(穴広げ性)の向上に寄与する。ここに、所望のTSを確保し、高曲げ性、高伸びフランジ性(高穴広げ性)を確保するためには、ポリゴナルフェライトの平均結晶粒径を6μm以下にする必要がある。好ましくは5μm以下である。
なお、ポリゴナルフェライトの平均結晶粒径の下限値は特に限定されるものではないが、工業的には0.3μm程度とすることが好ましい。
マルテンサイトの結晶粒の微細化は、曲げ性と伸びフランジ性(穴広げ性)の向上に寄与する。ここに、高曲げ性、高伸びフランジ性(高穴広げ性)を確保するためには、マルテンサイトの平均結晶粒径を3μm以下にする必要がある。好ましくは2.5μm以下である。
なお、マルテンサイトの平均結晶粒径の下限値は特に限定されるものではないが、工業的には0.1μm程度とすることが好ましい。
残留オーステナイトの結晶粒の微細化は、延性の向上や曲げ性と伸びフランジ性(穴広げ性)の向上に寄与する。ここに、良好な延性、曲げ性、伸びフランジ性(穴広げ性)を確保するためには、残留オーステナイトの平均結晶粒径を3μm以下にする必要がある。好ましくは2.5μm以下である。
なお、残留オーステナイトの平均結晶粒径の下限値は特に限定されるものではないが、工業的には0.1μm程度とすることが好ましい。
なお、上記の平均結晶粒径を求める際には、いずれも、粒径が0.01μm以上の結晶粒を測定することとする。
ポリゴナルフェライト、マルテンサイトおよび残留オーステナイトの結晶粒の平均アスペクト比を2.0以下とすることは、本発明において極めて重要である。
すなわち、結晶粒のアスペクト比が小さいことは、冷間圧延後の熱処理(冷延板焼鈍)における保持中に、フェライトおよびオーステナイトが回復および再結晶を起こした後に粒成長し、等軸粒に近い結晶粒が生成したことを意味している。このような低アスペクト比の結晶粒は、YR(降伏比)の低下に大きく寄与する。また、このような結晶粒により構成される組織では、マイクロボイドが発生し難く、曲げ試験時および穴広げ試験時に亀裂の伝播方向を分散させることにより、亀裂の進展が抑制される。その結果、曲げ性や伸びフランジ性の向上にも寄与する。
したがって、ポリゴナルフェライト、マルテンサイトおよび残留オーステナイトの結晶粒の平均アスペクト比は2.0以下とする。好ましくは1.8以下、さらに好ましくは1.6以下である。
なお、ポリゴナルフェライト、マルテンサイトおよび残留オーステナイトの結晶粒の平均アスペクト比の下限値は特に限定されるものではないが、1.1程度とすることが好ましい。
すなわち、上述のImage-Proを用いて、面積率の測定と同様にして得られる組織画像から、ポリゴナルフェライト粒、マルテンサイト粒および残留オーステナイト粒の各々において、30個の結晶粒の長軸長さと短軸長さを算出し、結晶粒ごとに長軸長さを短軸長さで除し、それらの値を平均して求めることができる。
残留オーステナイト中のMn量(質量%)をポリゴナルフェライト中のMn量(質量%)で除した値が2.0以上であることは、本発明において極めて重要である。というのは、良好な延性を確保するためには、Mnが濃化した安定な残留オーステナイトを多くする必要があるからである。
なお、残留オーステナイト中のMn量(質量%)をポリゴナルフェライト中のMn量(質量%)で除した値の上限値は特に限定されるものではないが、伸びフランジ性の観点から、16.0程度とすることが好ましい。
すなわち、EPMA(Electron Probe Micro Analyzer;電子プローブマイクロアナライザ)を用いて、板厚1/4位置における圧延方向断面の各相へのMnの分布状態を定量化する、ついで、30個の残留オーステナイト粒および30個のポリゴナルフェライト粒のMn量を分析し、分析結果より得られる各残留オーステナイト粒およびポリゴナルフェライト粒のMn量をそれぞれ平均することにより、求めることができる。
0.09×[Mn量]-0.130-0.140≦[C量]≦0.09×[Mn量]-0.130+0.140
[C量] :残留オーステナイト中のC量質量%)
[Mn量]:残留オーステナイト中のMn量(質量%)
を満足することが好適である。
その結果、鋼中に存在する残留オーステナイトには、プレス成形や加工を加えたときに、すぐにマルテンサイト変態してしまうもの(いわゆる不安定な残留オーステナイト)と、加工量が大きくなるまで残留オーステナイトとして存在し、加工量が大きくなってからマルテンサイト変態してTRIP現象を生じるもの(いわゆる安定な残留オーステナイト)があることを見出した。そして、加工量が大きくなってからマルテンサイト変態するいわゆる安定な残留オーステナイトが多いと、特に効果的に、良好な伸びが得られることを究明した。
図1に示したように、伸びが良好な鋼板では、加工度を上げたときの残留オーステナイトの減少の仕方が緩やかであることが分かる。なお、ここでいう加工度とは、引張方向が鋼板の圧延方向と直角方向となるように採取したJIS 5号試験片を用いて引張試験を行ったときの伸び値である。
そして、伸び値で10%の引張加工を付与した後の残留オーステナイトの体積率を、引張加工前の残留オーステナイトの体積率で除した値(すなわち、[伸び値で10%の引張加工を付与した後の残留オーステナイトの体積率]/[引張加工前の残留オーステナイトの体積率])が、鋼板の伸びに与える影響について調査した。その結果を図2に示す。
すなわち、引張方向が鋼板の圧延方向と直角方向となるように採取したJIS 5号試験片を用いて引張試験を行い、当該試験片の伸び値が10%のときに試験を中断することによって、伸び値で10%となる引張加工を付与するものである。
また、図2の鋼板の伸びとは、引張加工前の鋼板に対し、後述する実施例と同様の引張試験を行って求めた全伸びである。
0.09×[Mn量]-0.130-0.140≦[C量]≦0.09×[Mn量]-0.130+0.140
[C量] :残留オーステナイト中のC量(質量%)
[Mn量]:残留オーステナイト中のMn量(質量%)
を満足する場合に、加工を加えたときに高い加工硬化能を示すTRIP現象を生じて一層の良好な伸びを示すことがわかった。
すなわち、上記の残留オーステナイト中のC量を、残留オーステナイト中のMn量との関係で適正に制御することにより、延性向上の主要因である加工誘起変態(TRIP)現象を鋼板の加工終盤まで断続的に発現させる、いわゆる安定な残留オーステナイトが多く得られ、これによって、高い強度とともに、一層の良好な伸びを達成できるのである。
すなわち、上述したEPMAを用いて、板厚1/4位置における圧延方向断面の各相へのCの分布状態を定量化する。ついで、30個の残留オーステナイト粒のC量を分析し、分析結果より得られる各残留オーステナイト粒のC量をそれぞれ平均することにより、求めることができる。
本発明の高強度鋼板の製造方法は、上記の成分組成を有する鋼スラブを、1100℃以上1300℃以下に加熱し、仕上げ圧延出側温度を750℃以上1000℃以下で熱間圧延し、平均巻き取り温度を300℃以上750℃以下で巻き取り、熱延板とする、熱間圧延工程と、前記熱延板に、酸洗を施し、スケールを除去する、酸洗工程と、前記熱延板を、Ac1変態点+20℃以上Ac1変態点+120℃以下の温度域で600s以上21600s以下保持する、熱延板焼鈍工程と、前記熱延板を、圧下率:30%以上で冷間圧延して冷延板とする、冷間圧延工程と、前記冷延板を、Ac1変態点以上Ac1変態点+100℃以下の温度域で900s超21600s以下保持した後、冷却する、冷延板焼鈍工程、とをそなえるものである。
以下、これらの製造条件の限定理由について、説明する。
鋼スラブの加熱段階で存在している析出物は、最終的に得られる鋼板内では粗大な析出物として存在し、強度に寄与しないため、鋳造時に析出したTi、Nb系析出物を再溶解させる必要がある。
ここに、鋼スラブの加熱温度が1100℃未満では、炭化物の十分な溶解が困難であり、さらに、圧延荷重の増大による熱間圧延時のトラブル発生の危険が増大するなどの問題が生じる。そのため、鋼スラブの加熱温度は1100℃以上にする必要がある。
また、スラブ表層の気泡、偏析などの欠陥をスケールオフし、鋼板表面の亀裂や凹凸を減少し、平滑な鋼板表面を達成する観点からも、鋼スラブの加熱温度は1100℃以上にする必要がある。
一方、鋼スラブの加熱温度が1300℃超では、酸化量の増加に伴いスケールロスが増大してしまう。そのため、鋼スラブの加熱温度は1300℃以下にする必要がある。
したがって、鋼スラブの加熱温度は1100℃以上1300℃以下の範囲とする。好ましくは、1150℃以上1250℃以下の範囲である。
加熱後の鋼スラブは、粗圧延および仕上げ圧延により熱間圧延され熱延鋼板となる。このとき、仕上げ圧延出側温度が1000℃を超えると、酸化物(スケール)の生成量が急激に増大し、地鉄と酸化物の界面が荒れ、酸洗、冷間圧延後の鋼板の表面品質が劣化する傾向にある。また、酸洗後に熱延スケールの取れ残りなどが一部に存在すると、延性や伸びフランジ性に悪影響を及ぼす。さらに、結晶粒径が過度に粗大となり、加工時にプレス品の表面荒れを生じる場合がある。
一方、仕上げ圧延出側温度が750℃未満では、圧延荷重が増大し、圧延負荷が大きくなることや、オーステナイトが未再結晶の状態での圧下率が高くなる。その結果、異常な集合組織が発達し、最終製品における面内異方性が顕著となり、材質の均一性が損なわれるだけでなく、延性そのものも低下する。
したがって、熱間圧延の仕上げ圧延出側温度を750℃以上1000℃以下の範囲にする必要がある。好ましくは800℃以上950℃以下の範囲である。
熱間圧延後の平均巻き取り温度が750℃を超えると、熱延板組織のフェライトの結晶粒径が大きくなり、所望の強度確保が困難となる。一方、熱間圧延後の平均巻き取り温度が300℃未満では、熱延板強度が上昇して、冷間圧延における圧延負荷が増大したり、板形状の不良が発生したりするため、生産性が低下する。したがって、熱間圧延後の平均巻き取り温度を300℃以上750℃以下の範囲にする必要がある。好ましくは400℃以上650℃以下の範囲である。
熱延板焼鈍において、Ac1変態点+20℃以上Ac1変態点+120℃以下の温度域で600s以上21600s以下保持することは、本発明において極めて重要である。
すなわち、熱延板焼鈍の焼鈍温度(保持温度)がAc1変態点+20℃未満またはAc1変態点+120℃超となる場合や、保持時間が600s未満となる場合、オーステナイト中へのMnの濃化が進行せず、また最終焼鈍(冷延板焼鈍)後に十分な量の残留オーステナイトを確保することが困難となり、延性が低下する。一方、保持時間が21600sを超えると、オーステナイト中へのMnの濃化が飽和し、最終焼鈍後に得られる鋼板における延性への効き代が小さくなるだけでなく、コストアップの要因にもなる。
また、Ac1変態点+20℃以上Ac1変態点+120℃以下の温度域で600s以上21600s以下保持することは、鋼組織における残留オーステナイト中のC量が、残留オーステナイト中のMn量との関係で次式を満足するためにも重要である。
0.09×[Mn量]-0.130-0.140≦[C量]≦0.09×[Mn量]-0.130+0.140
[C量] :残留オーステナイト中のC量(質量%)
[Mn量]:残留オーステナイト中のMn量(質量%)
したがって、熱延板焼鈍では、Ac1変態点+20℃以上Ac1変態点+120℃以下(好ましくは、Ac1変態点+30℃以上Ac1変態点+100℃以下)の温度域で、600s以上21600s以下(好ましくは、1000s以上18000s以下)の時間、保持するものとする。
冷間圧延では、圧下率を30%以上とする。30%以上の圧下率で冷間圧延を施すことにより、熱処理時にオーステナイトが微細に生成する。その結果、微細な残留オーステナイトおよびマルテンサイトが得られ、強度-延性バランスが向上するだけでなく、曲げ性と伸びフランジ性(穴広げ性)も向上する。
なお、冷間圧延の圧下率の上限値は特に限定されるものではないが、冷間圧延の荷重負荷の点から、85%程度とすることが好ましい。
冷延板焼鈍において、Ac1変態点以上Ac1変態点+100℃以下の温度域で900s超21600s以下保持することは、本発明において、極めて重要である。
すなわち、冷延板焼鈍の焼鈍温度(保持温度)が、Ac1変態点未満またはAc1変態点+100℃超となる場合、オーステナイト中へのMnの濃化が進行せず、また十分な量の残留オーステナイトを確保することが困難となり、延性が低下する。
加えて、保持時間が900s以下となる場合、未再結晶フェライトが残存し、フェライトと硬質第2相(マルテンサイトおよび残留オーステナイト)の異相界面量が低下し、また、各構成相における結晶粒の平均アスペクト比も増大する。その結果、YP(降伏強度)が上昇し、YR(降伏比)が高くなる。一方、保持時間が21600sを超えると、オーステナイト中へのMnの濃化が飽和し、最終焼鈍(冷延板焼鈍)後に得られる鋼板における延性への効き代が小さくなるだけでなく、コストアップの要因にもなる。
したがって、冷延板焼鈍では、Ac1変態点以上Ac1変態点+100℃以下(好ましくは、Ac1変態点+20℃以上Ac1変態点+80℃以下)の温度域で、900s超21600s以下(好ましくは、1200s以上18000s以下)の時間、保持するものとする。
なお、鋼組織における残留オーステナイト中のC量が、残留オーステナイト中のMn量との関係で次式:
0.09×[Mn量]-0.130-0.140≦[C量]≦0.09×[Mn量]-0.130+0.140
[C量] :残留オーステナイト中のC量(質量%)
[Mn量]:残留オーステナイト中のMn量(質量%)
を満足するためには、上記の冷延板焼鈍条件も重要であり、特に、Ac1変態点+20℃以上Ac1変態点+80℃以下の温度域で保持することが好適である。
なお、その他の製造方法の条件は、特に限定しないが、生産性の観点から、上記の焼鈍、溶融亜鉛めっき、亜鉛めっきの合金化処理などの一連の処理は、溶融亜鉛めっきラインであるCGL(Continuous Galvanizing Line)で行うのが好ましい。
なお、溶融亜鉛めっき浴は、GIでは、Al:0.19質量%含有亜鉛浴を使用し、GAでは、Al:0.14質量%含有亜鉛浴を使用し、浴温はいずれも465℃とした。また、めっき付着量は片面あたり45g/m2(両面めっき)とし、GAは、めっき層中のFe濃度を9質量%以上12質量%以下とした。さらに、溶融アルミニウムめっき鋼板用の溶融アルミニウムめっき浴の浴温は700℃とした。
Ac1変態点(℃)=
751-16×(%C)+11×(%Si)-28×(%Mn)-5.5×(%Cu)-16×(%Ni)+13×(%Cr)+3.4×(%Mo)
ここで、(%C)、(%Si)、(%Mn)、(%Cu)、(%Ni)、(%Cr)、(%Mo)は、それぞれの元素の鋼中含有量(質量%)である。
なお、YR<68%、TS≧590MPa以上でかつ、TS×EL≧24000MPa・%であり、さらにTS590MPa級ではEL≧34%、TS780MPa級ではEL≧30%、TS980MPa級以上ではEL≧24%である場合を良好と判断した。
なお、TS:590MPa級とは、TSが590MPa以上780MPa未満の鋼板であり、TS:780MPa級は、TSが780MPa以上980MPa未満の鋼板であり、TS:980MPa級は、TSが980MPa以上1180MPa未満の鋼板である。
なお、90°V曲げにおいて、R/t≦1.5(t:鋼板の板厚)を満足する場合を、曲げ性が良好と判定した。
限界穴広げ率λ(%)={(Df-D0)/D0}×100
ただし、Dfは亀裂発生時の穴径(mm)、D0は初期穴径(mm)である。
なお、TS590MPa級ではλ≧30%、TS780MPa級ではλ≧25%、TS980MPa級ではλ≧20%の場合を良好と判断した。
ここで、生産性については、
(1)熱延板の形状不良が発生し、
(2)次工程に進むために熱延板の形状矯正が必要であるときや、
(3)焼鈍処理の保持時間が長いとき、
などのリードタイムコストを評価した。そして、(1)~(3)のいずれにも該当しない場合を「良好」、(1)~(3)のいずれかに該当する場合を「不良」と判断した。
同様に、冷間圧延の通板性も、圧延荷重の増大によって、圧延時のトラブル発生の危険が増大する場合を不良と判断した。
これらの評価結果を表4に示す。
一方、比較例では、引張強さ、降伏比、延性、強度と延性のバランス、曲げ性、穴広げ性のいずれか一つ以上について、所望の特性が得られていない。
Claims (11)
- 成分組成が、質量%でC:0.030%以上0.250%以下、Si:0.01%以上3.00%以下、Mn:2.60%以上4.20%以下、P:0.001%以上0.100%以下、S:0.0001%以上0.0200%以下、N:0.0005%以上0.0100%以下およびTi:0.003%以上0.200%以下を含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物からなり、
鋼組織が、面積率で、ポリゴナルフェライトが35%以上80%以下、マルテンサイトが5%以上25%以下であって、体積率で、残留オーステナイトが8%以上であり、
また、前記ポリゴナルフェライトの平均結晶粒径が6μm以下、前記マルテンサイトの平均結晶粒径が3μm以下、前記残留オーステナイトの平均結晶粒径が3μm以下であるとともに、前記ポリゴナルフェライト、前記マルテンサイトおよび前記残留オーステナイトの結晶粒の平均アスペクト比がそれぞれ2.0以下であり、
さらに、前記残留オーステナイト中のMn量(質量%)を前記ポリゴナルフェライト中のMn量(質量%)で除した値が2.0以上である、高強度鋼板。 - 前記成分組成が、さらに、質量%で、Al:0.01%以上2.00%以下、Nb:0.005%以上0.200%以下、B:0.0003%以上0.0050%以下、Ni:0.005%以上1.000%以下、Cr:0.005%以上1.000%以下、V:0.005%以上0.500%以下、Mo:0.005%以上1.000%以下、Cu:0.005%以上1.000%以下、Sn:0.002%以上0.200%以下、Sb:0.002%以上0.200%以下、Ta:0.001%以上0.010%以下、Ca:0.0005%以上0.0050%以下、Mg:0.0005%以上0.0050%以下およびREM:0.0005%以上0.0050%以下のうちから選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素を含有する、請求項1に記載の高強度鋼板。
- 前記残留オーステナイト中のC量が、前記残留オーステナイト中のMn量との関係で、次式:
0.09×[Mn量]-0.130-0.140≦[C量]≦0.09×[Mn量]-0.130+0.140
[C量] :残留オーステナイト中のC量(質量%)
[Mn量]:残留オーステナイト中のMn量(質量%)
を満足する、請求項1または2に記載の高強度鋼板。 - 請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の高強度鋼板であって、伸び値で10%の引張加工を付与した後の残留オーステナイトの体積率を、該引張加工前の残留オーステナイトの体積率で除した値が0.3以上である、高強度鋼板。
- 請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の高強度鋼板であって、溶融亜鉛めっき層をさらにそなえる、高強度鋼板。
- 請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の高強度鋼板であって、溶融アルミニウムめっき層をさらにそなえる、高強度鋼板。
- 請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の高強度鋼板であって、電気亜鉛めっき層をさらにそなえる、高強度鋼板。
- 請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の高強度鋼板の製造方法であって、
請求項1または2に記載の成分組成を有する鋼スラブを、1100℃以上1300℃以下に加熱し、仕上げ圧延出側温度を750℃以上1000℃以下で熱間圧延し、平均巻き取り温度を300℃以上750℃以下で巻き取り、熱延板とする、熱間圧延工程と、
前記熱延板に、酸洗を施し、スケールを除去する、酸洗工程と、
前記熱延板を、Ac1変態点+20℃以上Ac1変態点+120℃以下の温度域で600s以上21600s以下保持する、熱延板焼鈍工程と、
前記熱延板を、圧下率:30%以上で冷間圧延して冷延板とする、冷間圧延工程と、
前記冷延板を、Ac1変態点以上Ac1変態点+100℃以下の温度域で900s超21600s以下保持した後、冷却する、冷延板焼鈍工程、
とをそなえる、高強度鋼板の製造方法。 - 前記冷延板焼鈍工程後、前記冷延板に、亜鉛めっき処理を施す、または溶融亜鉛めっき処理を施したのち、450℃以上600℃以下の温度域で合金化処理を施す工程をさらにそなえる、請求項8に記載の高強度鋼板の製造方法。
- 前記冷延板焼鈍工程後、前記冷延板に溶融アルミニウムめっき処理を施す工程をさらにそなえる、請求項8に記載の高強度鋼板の製造方法。
- 前記冷延板焼鈍工程後、前記冷延板に電気亜鉛めっき処理を施す工程をさらにそなえる、請求項8に記載の高強度鋼板の製造方法。
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JP6179676B2 (ja) | 2017-08-16 |
US20170314091A1 (en) | 2017-11-02 |
EP3214197A4 (en) | 2017-11-22 |
KR101949627B1 (ko) | 2019-02-18 |
EP3214197A1 (en) | 2017-09-06 |
US10954578B2 (en) | 2021-03-23 |
JPWO2016067625A1 (ja) | 2017-04-27 |
EP3214197B1 (en) | 2019-01-09 |
CN107075644B (zh) | 2019-03-29 |
CN107075644A (zh) | 2017-08-18 |
KR20170072322A (ko) | 2017-06-26 |
MX2017005571A (es) | 2017-06-23 |
US20180127847A9 (en) | 2018-05-10 |
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