WO2016046030A2

WO2016046030A2 - Calender

Info

Publication number: WO2016046030A2
Application number: PCT/EP2015/071156
Authority: WO
Inventors: Udo Mai; Helmut BRUDER; Andre Hünnekens; Andreas Lukas
Original assignee: Andritz Küsters Gmbh
Priority date: 2014-09-23
Filing date: 2015-09-16
Publication date: 2016-03-31
Also published as: EP3198070B1; WO2016046030A3; EP3198070A2; EP3415676A3; EP3415676A2; EP3415676B1

Abstract

The invention relates to a calender (100) comprising a frame (1) in which a plurality of upper rolls (2, 2´, 2´´, 2´´´) and at least one lower roll (5, 5´) are mounted, said lower roll (5, 5´) being able to form a nip (8) with an upper roll (2, 2´, 2´´, 2´´´).

Description

calender

The invention relates to a calender, with a frame in which a plurality of upper rollers and at least one lower roller are mounted.

In calenders, especially those for the treatment of nonwoven, textile, plastic or paper webs, there is often the need to exchange one of the two rolls of a nip. This is usually done to replace the surface quality (engraving, coating, hardness).

Replacing a roller is often expensive, especially for simple calenders. Numerous manual work is necessary. Mention should be the drive, the bearing lubrication, possibly the heater and of course the support of the roller. If the roller is heated, the roller to be replaced must first be time-consuming cooled and the new roller to be heated before starting production. Long downtimes and production downtimes are the result. For the fast roll change provided calender types are often expensive or require an enlarged roll diameter. In some variants, only one alternative roller is available for one or both of a nip roll. Some quick-change calenders are not suitable for certain types of applications, such as calendering fleece. The invention has set itself the task of creating a calender in which at least one roller of a nip can be exchanged quickly and which is improved in terms of at least one of the disadvantages mentioned.

This object is achieved by the recited in claim 1 calender.

The calender according to the invention has a frame in which a plurality of top rollers and at least one bottom roller are mounted. The at least one lower roller can form a nip with a top roller.

Preferably, an inlet-side nip and an outlet-side nip can be provided by the calender. In one embodiment, an inlet side and an outlet side nip can be provided by the calender at the same time. In another embodiment, only one inlet-side or one outlet-side nip can be provided by the calender at a time.

At least one lower roller is preferably provided with its own adjusting device, with which it can preferably be moved toward and away from an upper roller, particularly preferably translationally. The adjusting device may comprise a hydraulic cylinder. The terms "ZuStelleinrichtung" and "delivery device" are synonymous in the context of this document.

In an important embodiment, the calender serves to thermally strengthen nonwoven fabrics. It can act as a smooth roller against an engraved roller. Also, both rolls of a nips can be engraved. At least one of the two rolls of a nip can be heated. In order to produce different products, preferably the engraved roll is quickly exchangeable. In one embodiment, only the top roll of a nip is engraved.

In another embodiment, the calender is used for calendering paper or textile.

In one embodiment, a roller with a coating acts against a heated smooth or even engraved roller. With the term "covering" are in the context of this Reference document on the one hand meant in particular rollers which have a resilient coating and on the other hand, in particular, in a wide use of this term, also cotton rollers. Again, a quick exchange of the engraving may be desired. More often, however, there is a need to replace the pad to bring a different type or coating hardness used or regrind this, since wear takes place mainly on the softer pad.

Advantageously, a rapid temperature change of the roll surface of at least one roll of a nip can be brought about by the roll change. This is preferably done without exceeding a temperature change in a roll of 1 to 10 K / min, since otherwise thermoelectric stresses in the roll material are to be feared.

Advantageously, the calender allows a quick replacement of a roller, without manual intervention.

Preferably, a roller exchange in a shorter time than the heating or heating of the roller is possible.

In one embodiment, at least one lower roller is provided, which can be brought into two different working positions and more preferably forms a nip with different upper rollers. Thus, at least two different lower roller positions are preferably provided, of which only one is preferably selected at a time. Exactly one lower roller can therefore preferably; in one embodiment only sequentially; form two different nips whose position preferably differs from each other.

In one embodiment, the lower roller is provided tiltable and / or displaceable, preferably to serve the upstream side upper roller or the outlet side upper roller or two upper rollers simultaneously.

In the context of this document, the term "inlet side" refers in particular to the side of the calender at which the goods enter the calender The term "outlet side" is in the context of this document in particular the side of the calender designation, at which the goods leave the calender.

Preferably, a lower roller of the calender is arranged on a pair of rocker arms. The two rocker arms of this rocker arm pair are preferably only tiltable in pairs. This rocker arm pair preferably has two different end positions, in which more preferably one contact surface of the rocker arm pair bears against a counter contact surface of the frame. As a result, two different, defined positions of the Kipphebelpaares and thus two different defined positions of the lower roller are created in a simple manner.

The tilting axis of the rocker arm pair is preferably located between the press plane of the inlet-side nip and the press plane of the outlet-side nip. This results in a division of the transmitted from the lower roller on the Kipphebelpaar force with a force component in the longitudinal direction of the rocker arm and a force component that presses the Kipphebelpaar against the respective stop and leads to a kind of locking the position of Kipphebelpaares.

Preferably, the two end positions, which occupies the lower roller in the two end positions of the Kipphebelpaares, the two working positions of the lower roller, in which this preferably forms a nip with the associated upper roller.

In one embodiment, the calender comprises exactly one lower roller.

In another embodiment, the calender comprises more than one lower roll.

In one embodiment, more than one additional roll of a nip is kept ready for replacement.

In one embodiment, the calender comprises exactly two lower rolls, which are more preferably deliverable independently of one another. The feed movement of the lower rollers is preferably translational, preferably exclusively.

In one embodiment, at least one lower roller of the calender - with the exception of the feed movement - not displaced.

With several lower rollers, as preferred, the temperature or the surface quality of the lower roller can be changed quickly. As a result, as in one embodiment, it is also possible to drive through a plurality, for example two, nips.

The frame can be viewed from the side formed at least approximately "U" -shaped.

The clear width of the "Unshaped frame or frame part may be greater than twice the diameter of the lower roller.

In one embodiment, the entire frame is formed stationary.

In another embodiment, the frame has a first stationary frame part and a second frame part, wherein the second frame part is provided so as to be displaceable relative to the first frame part. In this embodiment, the second frame part may be formed at least approximately "U" -shaped from the side. "In this embodiment, the goods feeder and the goods conveyor belt can always remain in the same position, so that the position of the goods feeder and the goods conveyor belt can be made invariable As in other embodiments, the nips may be sloped so that the fabric may leave the nip without further contact with the roll surfaces.

Preferably, at least one - preferably exactly one - lower roller is mounted on the first frame part and more preferably at least one upper roller - preferably all upper rollers - mounted on the second frame part. The At least one top roller is preferably not mounted directly on the second frame part.

The second frame part is preferably mounted on the first frame part, preferably displaceable and / or tiltable.

Preferably, the second frame part is displaceably mounted relative to the first frame part by means of a thrust bearing. The thrust bearing may comprise a linear bearing, so allow a linear displacement. Also, a storage that allows a displacement along a curved line is conceivable in principle. The thrust bearing preferably comprises a carriage and / or rail arrangement.

The thrust bearing is preferably arranged partially or completely below the lower roller.

In the basically conceivable embodiment, in which the second frame part is tiltably mounted on the first frame part, the tilting bearing is preferably arranged below the lower roller.

The second frame part is preferably in - preferably two - different positions can be brought relative to the first frame part, in which a lower roller with different top rollers forms a nip.

In one embodiment, the calendar has at least one Walzenlagerungsschwenkhebelpaar - in one embodiment exactly a Walzenlagerungsschwenkhebelpaar - on the at least one upper roller - in one embodiment exactly one upper roller - is arranged. Such Walzenlagerungsschwenkhebelpaar is referred to in the context of this document also briefly as Schwenkhebelpaar and a Walzenlagerungsschwenkhebel of such a pair is also referred to as a pivoting lever in the context of this document. The pivot lever of a pivot lever pair are preferably only in pairs pivotable. With this at least one pivot lever pair is preferably at least one upper roller of a Parking position pivoted into a working position. The at least one pivot lever pair is preferably pivotable into a working position, in which the at least one roller arranged on it is in a working position. The at least one pair of pivot levers is also preferably pivotable into a parking position, in which the at least one roller arranged on it is in a parking position. As a "working position" of a roller is in the context of this document, in particular the position of a roller referred to, in which it forms or forms a nip with a counter-roller.

Advantageously, the at least one pivot lever pair can be pivoted by approximately 90 °.

In an important embodiment, the calender has a first pair of pivot levers and a second pair of pivot levers.

Advantageously, each pivot lever pair is mounted pivotably about a pivot axis on the frame.

Each pivot lever pair preferably provides a support for a roller. The rollers arranged on the at least one pair of pivot levers are thus mounted on the frame of the calender via the pivot lever pair.

The supply of the bearings of the at least one pair of pivot lever arranged upper rollers is easy to solve. Because the bearing body are preferably only rotated by an angle of about 90 °. Advantageously, a bearing lubrication is realized without contacting seals and consequently unpressurized, following only the gravity oil drain. Since the bearing bodies are preferably rotated only by an angle of about 90 °, the bearing lubricating oil drains and bearing lubricating oil return lines with gravity feed are easy to carry out.

Preferably, at least two top rollers are mounted on the first pair of pivot levers and / or the second pair of pivot levers. In one embodiment, at least two upper rollers are mounted both on the first pivot lever pair, and on the second pair of pivot levers.

The parking position of each upper roller is preferably so far away from the lower roller, that a movement of the at least one arranged on the other pair of pivot lever roller from the working position in the parking position and vice versa is possible.

Preferably, the working positions of at least two different top rollers match.

The upper rollers are preferably displaceable together with their drive and possibly supply device.

In one embodiment, the number of bottom rollers corresponds to the number of top rollers mounted in a pivoting lever.

In the embodiment in which the frame has a first stationary frame part and a second frame part, wherein the second frame part is provided displaceable to the first frame part, the pivot lever pair is preferably mounted on the second frame part. In the embodiment with two swivel lever pairs, both swivel lever pairs are preferably mounted on the second frame part. The at least one top roller is thus preferably mounted by means of at least one pair of pivot levers on the second frame part. During a displacement of the second frame part, preferably the pivot levers together with their bearings, pivot axes, swivel drives and the upper rollers mounted on them are also displaced.

In order to reduce the forces acting in the calender frame, each pivot lever can advantageously be locked on the side of a press plane of a nip opposite its pivot axis. This is preferably realized such that the opposite pivot lever is initially pivotable beyond the park position, then the pivot lever can be brought into the working position and the opposite pivot lever back to its parking position is displaced and thereby locks the pivot lever. More preferably, the locking takes place in that each pivot lever has a pivot axis near stop surface and a pivot axis remote stop surface and the pivot axis near stop surface of the pivot lever in its parking position with advantage on the pivot axis remote stop surface is located in a working position pivot lever. In other words, each pivoting lever located in the working position is preferably lockable on a pivoting lever located in parking position.

Advantageously, each pivot lever can be brought into a release position. The parking position of each pivot lever is preferably between its release position and its working position. Advantageously, each pivot lever in its release position is just so far inclined that the other pivot lever can be brought collision-free against the first pivot lever in its parking position.

Advantageously, the pivot lever are designed as two-armed lever in which on one side of the pivot axis at least one upper roller is arranged and on the other side preferably engages a pivot drive.

Each pivot lever is preferably double-walled and further preferably surrounds a bearing lug of the frame on both sides.

Advantageously, the upper rollers are releasably attached to the pivot levers.

The top rollers can be engraved. However, the top rollers can also be smooth. Also, the at least one lower roller can be engraved or smooth. All or individual rolls can be flexurally controllable. The calender can have both conventional small line force rolls and flexurally controllable rolls for higher forces or higher accuracies. Advantageously, a heating and cooling of the rollers in their parking position is possible.

To simplify the drive, individual or all of the rollers of the calender can be equipped with a direct drive. In one embodiment, the working positions of all top rollers are arranged at a height.

In one embodiment, the calender is intended for nonwoven goods. More specifically, in this embodiment, the calender serves to thermally solidify nonwoven fabrics. Preferably, the web is deposited and formed on a goods conveyor belt of a goods feed only immediately prior to solidification in the calender. The goods feed is preferably up to less than 10 cm or 5 cm approach the nip forming rollers.

Preferably, the calender has a goods feed, which more preferably comprises a goods conveyor belt, and the goods feed is preferably carried out as a nonwoven feed.

The goods conveyor belt is therefore preferably used to transport the web.

Advantageously, the goods conveyor belt is aligned at least substantially horizontally. The remainder of the calender is skewed in one embodiment to make room for this fabric conveyor, particularly when the downstream nip is active. The nips can be so inclined. In the embodiment in which the remaining calender is arranged obliquely, it is preferably inclined slightly downwards in transporting goods.

In the context of this publication, the term "goods feed" refers in particular to a device which transports goods to be calendered, preferably fleece, until immediately before the nip.

The goods feed may comprise a screen belt, with a Siebbandumlenkwalze as close as possible to the respective nip is arranged.

In one embodiment, the goods conveyor belt is arranged obliquely in the area in front of the respective nip, preferably obliquely in goods transport direction up. In this way, the goods conveyor belt - especially when it operates the outlet side nip - reach closer to the nip zoom.

In particular, in the embodiment in which the calender comprises a product conveyor belt which is at least substantially horizontal in the region in front of the nip, the top rollers may have working positions which are provided at different heights. Preferably, the working position of the outlet side upper roller is provided lower than the working position of the upstream side upper roller. In this way, the inlet-side upper roller, if the outlet-side nip is realized, creates space for the goods conveyor belt. In the embodiment in which the top rollers have working positions, which are provided at different heights, the top rollers are thus preferably arranged offset in height at the respective pivot lever pair. In another embodiment, in which the upper rollers have working positions which are provided at different heights, this is preferably effected by tilting the calender.

In one embodiment, the position of the goods conveyor belt is designed changeable. In the embodiment with pivotable and / or displaceable lower roller, the change of the position of the goods conveyor belt is preferably coupled with the movement of the lower roller.

In one embodiment, the goods feed comprises an additional transfer belt, which preferably extends as far as directly to the nip and whose position is preferably provided changeable. It may be provided a suction roller for transferring the goods from the rest of the goods feed on the transfer belt. The transfer belt and the lower roller may be connected and movable at the same time.

The goods feed may comprise a deflection roller, which causes a deflection of the goods conveyor belt in the area in front of the nip upwards and preferably acts from above on the goods conveyor belt and the goods.

In particular, in the embodiment with two lower rollers, a lower roller may be designed as an alternative roller, which with a Evasive movement in an alternative position b is ngbar. This is advantageously the inlet-side lower roller. As a result, space is created for the supply of goods, if the outlet-side nip is realized. The evasive movement is preferably translational. The avoidance position is preferably arranged below the parking position of the lower roller. The evasive movement preferably comprises a distance that is greater than the radius of the backup roller. In other words, therefore, the inlet-side nip can be provided with a larger stroke so that a goods feed can come as close as possible to the outlet-side nip. The evasive movement can be realized by means of a telescopic cylinder.

So that the rollers, as preferred, can be heated or cooled in their parking position, drives are preferably also provided for these positions. For as soon as the roller temperature exceeds about 80 ° C, the rollers must rotate constantly to avoid permanent deformation. Preferably, therefore, exactly one, several or all rollers provided with its own drive, also to avoid Umflanschen of cardan shafts when changing the roll. So that the drives, which are normally located on a separate drive block, do not have to be moved with the rollers, at least one roller drive can be designed as a direct drive.

The pivot drive of the pivot lever may comprise a Spindelhubgetriebe. In another embodiment, this pivoting drive comprises a hydraulic cylinder.

In one embodiment, exactly one, several or all lower rollers can each be brought into only one working position.

In one embodiment, exactly one, several or all upper rollers are not arranged on a pivot lever, but stored non-pivotably in the frame.

In one embodiment, the calender comprises exactly one pivot lever, on which at least one - preferably exactly two - upper rollers are arranged, which by means of the pivot lever from a parking position into a working position are pivotable. Compared to the embodiment with two pivoting levers, this embodiment is less expensive. Compared to the embodiment without pivot lever, it has the advantage that the at least one lower roller is easier to remove by pivoting the pivot lever and, as preferred, another pivot lever with at least one top roller can be retrofitted.

Preferably, the Kipphebelpaar a motorized pivot lever actuating device, which may for example comprise a hydraulic cylinder.

The press plane of a nip passes through the axes of the rolls involved in this nip. In one embodiment, all press planes of the calender are perpendicular.

In another embodiment, at least one press plane - preferably all press planes - of the calender is not perpendicular, but oblique.

In one embodiment, the pivot axis of the Kipphebelpaars is located exactly midway between the two press levels of the two realizable nips.

In another embodiment, the pivot axis of the rocker arm pair is arranged closer to the entry-side press plane than the exit-side press plane, particularly in the embodiment in which the upstream side upper roller is higher than the downstream side lower roller.

Preferably, each lower roller is arranged below all working positions of the upper rollers.

In one embodiment, this applies to top rollers for bottom rollers. In one embodiment, this applies to bottom rollers for top rollers. The bottom roll in one embodiment comprises a first roll, regardless of its arrangement. The first roller may thus be arranged above or below other rollers.

The top rollers in one embodiment comprise a second roller, regardless of their arrangement. The second roller can thus be arranged above or below other rollers.

The top rollers in one embodiment comprise a third roller, regardless of their arrangement. The third roller can thus be arranged above or below other rollers.

The top rollers in one embodiment comprise a fourth roller, regardless of their arrangement. The fourth roller may therefore be arranged above or below other rollers.

The top rollers in one embodiment comprise a fifth roller, regardless of their arrangement. The fifth roller may therefore be arranged above or below other rollers.

Unless otherwise clear from the context, the terms "swivel lever" and "swivel lever pairs" are synonymous in the context of this document.

The invention also relates to a calender, in particular for textile, nonwoven, plastic or paper webs, with a frame in which a first roller, a second roller and a third roller are mounted, wherein the first roller in the operation of the calender either forms with the second roller or with the third roller a nip, through which the web is guided, to which the second roller between a working position, in which it forms a nip with the first roller, and a parking position is displaceable, and the third roller between a working position in which it forms a nip with the first roller, and a parking position is displaceable, wherein the second roller over first Pivoting lever is mounted on the frame, wherein each pivot lever is pivotable about a pivot axis.

Such a calender is known from DE 100 05 306 C1. In calenders, in particular those for the treatment of textiles, fleece, plastic or paper webs, there is often the need to exchange one of the two nip forming rollers through which the web is passed for treatment. Often, rolls with different surface qualities of the roll shell, such as different engravings, coverings of different types and / or hardness, are required for certain treatments.

When thermal bonding of nonwoven webs with a calender usually acts a smooth against an engraved roll. Both rollers can be executed engraved. At least one of the two rolls is heated regularly, so that the nonwoven web is at least partially melted at generated by the elevations of the engraved roller compressed areas. Since the engraving largely determines the production result, the engraved rolls must be replaced frequently.

When calendering paper or textiles, preferably a roller with a coating acts against a mostly smooth or even engraved roller. The term "roller with a coating" is understood in particular to mean rollers whose lateral surface acting on the material web is formed by a covering made of, for example, plastic, rubber or even cotton, applied to the roller body but also the need to replace the covering to be able to use a different coating type or hardness Since rollers with a lining are regularly subject to a higher wear than rollers without covering, there is additionally the need for the possibility of a quick roll change to the Reworking or renewing a previously used roller after reaching the wear limit. In addition, an incentive for a quick and easy roll change may be to bring about a rapid temperature change of the working surface of a roll. Experience has shown that a temperature change to avoid thermal stresses in the roll material is only possible with 1 to 3 K / min. If there is the option of a quick roll change, different high-preheated rolls can be kept available and, if necessary, a temperature change can be exchanged.

In the case of conventional non-flex-controllable rolls, it may be desirable to drive various line forces in the nip to allow rapid replacement of differently cambered rolls.

The previously known from DE 100 05 306 B1, the initially cited features calender having a change of a third, with a first nip forming roller against a second, with the first roller forming the nip roller in a very short time. However, he needs this second pivoting lever, so that its production is complicated.

Also, despite the elaborate design, only two rollers are available, which limits the variability of this calender.

For example, from GB 868,498 a calender is known in which a plurality of rollers are mounted in a rotatable about an axis parallel to the longitudinal extent of the nip axis rotatable device. By rotating this device about the axis, the various rollers can be selectively shifted between a working position in which they form the nip together with another roller, and a parking position.

A disadvantage of these calenders, which are also called "revolver calenders", is the high technical complexity associated therewith, because in order to be able to exchange individual displaceable rollers, it is necessary to regularly allow almost one complete revolution of the "revolver". As a result, its construction, which allows independent drive of all rollers, independent heating and cooling of the rollers, as well as the lubrication of all bearings, structurally complex. The invention is therefore based on the problem of improving the calender known from DE 100 05 306 C1 with regard to the expense associated with its production and / or with regard to the possibilities of exchanging goods made available with it.

This object is achieved by the calender recited in claim 20.

In the calender according to the invention, the third roller, as well as the second roller, mounted on the frame via the first pivot lever. Thus, the effort required for the second pivot lever can be saved.

In order to be able to optionally use the second or the third roller for nip formation with the first roller, the second and third rollers are preferably arranged to be displaceable relative to the first pivoting levers. In a preferred embodiment, the second and third rollers may preferably be arranged to be displaceable along a cam track, such that the second or third roller are spaced from the web passing through the nip when the respective roller is in its parking position. Due to this measure, it is ensured that the roller located in its parking position does not affect the processing result achieved with the calender. It is therefore alternatively possible to use the second or the third roller for nip formation together with the first roller without having to change the material web course for this purpose.

In order to ensure - in other words - the necessary distance between the located in their parking position roller and the web during operation, it is additionally or alternatively also possible to form the calender so that the pivot axes of the first pivot lever arranged relative to the frame displaceable are.

In this preferred embodiment, for a roll change, not the second and third rolls are displaced relative to the first pivot levers. But the second and third rollers are relative to the first pivoting levers fixed (but rotatable and interchangeable) provided. In order for the roller located in its parking position to have a clear distance from the web advancing through the nip, it is advantageous if the displacement of the pivot axis of the first pivot lever is oblique to the plane defined by the web path in front of the nip.

In order to realize the displaceability of the pivot axes of the first pivot lever relative to the frame, a preferred embodiment of the calender according to the invention on the frame side storage facilities, which are arranged displaceable relative to the frame. The bearings define the positions of the pivot axes of the first pivot levers.

These storage facilities may in particular each comprise at least one bearing block. On the rack side, a rail arrangement is preferably provided for each bearing block, which extends obliquely to a plane which is oriented perpendicular to the plane in which lie the roll axes of the nip forming rollers.

With the calender according to the invention described above, it is possible to use the second or the third roller as an alternative to nip formation with the first roller. However, since it is regularly desirable to be able to provide at least one further roller which can optionally be used for nip formation with the first roller, a fourth roller is provided in a particularly preferred embodiment of the calender according to the invention, which between a working position in which they the first roller forms a nip, and a parking position is displaceable, wherein the fourth roller is mounted on the frame via second pivot lever, wherein each pivot lever is pivotable about a pivot axis.

It is particularly preferred if, in addition, a fifth roller is provided which is mounted on the frame via a second pivoting lever between a working position in which it forms a nip with the first roller and is displaceable to a parking position. The second pivot lever can then in particular and preferably analogous to the first pivot lever, but with respect to a through the central longitudinal axes of the nip forming rolls going plane to be formed mirror-image.

In particular, the fourth and fifth rollers may preferably be arranged to be displaceable along a cam track such that the fourth or the fifth roller are spaced from the web passing through the nip when the respective roller is in its rest position.

Alternatively or additionally, the pivot axes of the second pivot lever may be arranged displaceable relative to the frame, preferably in directions which extend obliquely to the plane which is defined by the web immediately behind the nip.

For this purpose, frame-side bearing devices that define the pivot axes of the second pivot lever can be provided. These may be displaceable along rail arrangements provided on the frame which are oblique to the plane which is oriented perpendicular to the plane in which the roll axes of the rolls forming the nip lie.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the calender according to the invention, the first pivot lever and the second pivot lever on locking means. These locking devices are designed in such a way that the second pivot levers located in a parking position lock the first pivot levers located in their working position and vice versa. That is, the first pivot lever located in a parking position lock the first pivot lever located in its working position.

The invention includes the features mentioned in this document in all combinations.

In the drawing - purely schematically - several embodiments of the calender according to the invention and one with the calender shown in FIGS. 22 and 24 realizable web guide are shown. Show it: Fig. 1 is a side view of a first embodiment of a calender according to the invention;

Fig. 2 is a side view of a second embodiment of a calender according to the invention;

Fig. 3 is a side view of a third embodiment of a calender according to the invention;

4 shows a side view of a fourth embodiment of a calender according to the invention;

5 shows a side view of a fifth embodiment of a calender according to the invention;

Fig. 6 is a side view of a sixth embodiment of a calender according to the invention;

Fig. 7 is a side view of a seventh embodiment of a calender according to the invention;

8 is a side view of an eighth embodiment of a calender according to the invention;

Fig. 9 is a side view of the calender shown in Fig. 1, with

Illustration of the movement of the pivoting levers;

Fig. 10 is a schematic plan view of a pivot lever pair;

Fig. 1 1 is a side view of a tenth embodiment of a

calender;

Fig. 12 is a side view of an eleventh embodiment of a

calender; Fig. 13 is a side view of a twelfth embodiment of a calender;

Fig. 14 is a side view of a thirteenth embodiment of a

calender;

Fig. 15 is a side view of a fourteenth embodiment of a

calender;

Fig. 16 is a side view of a fifteenth embodiment of a

calender;

17 is a side view of a sixteenth embodiment of a

calender;

Fig. 18 is a side view of a seventeenth embodiment of a

calender;

19 is a side view of an eighteenth embodiment of a

Calender.

Fig. 20 is a side view of a nineteenth embodiment of a

Calender. a side view of a twentieth embodiment of a calender. the twenty-first embodiment in a side view (view in the longitudinal direction of the rollers) with all of the displaceable between a parking and a working position rollers, wherein the first roller with the second roller forms a nip; FIG. 23 shows the twenty-first embodiment in a view corresponding to FIG. 1 in a working position in which the third roller forms a nip with the first roller; FIG.

24 shows a twenty-second embodiment of a calender according to the invention in a working position in which the third roller with the first roller forms a nip and

Fig. 25 is a schematic representation of an implementable with the embodiments shown in Fig. 22 to 24 or 1 to 21 embodiments

Web guidance.

The Warenentransportnchtung runs in Figures 1 to 9 and 1 1 to 19 from left to right. The Warenentransportnchtung runs also in the figures 20 to 25 from left to right.

In the exemplary embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 to 9, the calender 100 has a first pivot lever pair 3 and a second pivot lever pair 4.

In Fig. 10, the first pair of pivot lever 3 is shown schematically. It can be seen that the swivel lever pair 3 supports the two upper rollers 2, 2 ^'arranged on both sides on both sides. Fig. 10 also shows that each pivot lever of the pivot lever pair 3 is double-walled.

In the exemplary embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 to 9, the calendar has two identical pairs of pivot lever 3, 4 and exactly two top rollers 2, 2 ^' , 2 ^" , 2 ^"' are arranged on each of the two pairs of pivot levers. Among other things, Fig. 1 reveals that the pivot lever 3, 4 are designed as two-armed lever, in which on one side of the pivot axis S, S ^', the respective top rollers 2, 2 ^' , 2 ^" , 2 ^"' are arranged and on the another side a pivot drive 29, 29 ^' attacks. In the embodiments shown in Figures 1 to 9 and 19, the pivot drive 29, 29 ^' comprises a screw jack. With the Schwenkhebelpaaren 3, 4 upper rollers 2, 2 ^' , 2 ^" , 2 ^"' from parking positions 6, 6 ^' in working positions 7, 7 ^' pivot. The pivot levers are thus pivotable into a working position 9 in which the rollers arranged on them are in the working position 7, 7 ^' and in a parking position 10 in which the rollers arranged on them are in a parking position 6, 6 ^' .

Each pivot lever is on the pivot axis S, S ^' opposite side of a press plane 21, 22 relative to the frame 1 can be fixed. Each located in working position 9 pivoting lever is locked to a located in parking position 10 pivot lever in which each pivot lever with respect to its pivot axis S, S ^' schwenkachsennahe stop surface 1 1, 1 1 ^' and a pivot axis remote stop surface 12, 12 ^' and the schwenkachsennahe Stop surface 1 1, 1 Γ of the parking lever located in the parking position 10 on the pivot axis remote stop surface 12, 12 ^'of the operating lever located in the working position 9 is present. In the embodiments shown in Figures 1 to 9 is always the left pivot lever in the working position. It is understood that the left pivot lever in parking position and the right pivot lever can be in working position.

Fig. 9 illustrates the pivoting and locking process: In a first step, a pair of pivot levers (in Fig. 9, the pivot lever pair shown on the right) in a release position 13 can be brought. In a second step, the other pair of pivot levers can be brought into working position. In a third step, the pivot lever pair from the release position in the parking position can be brought, in which its pivot axis near stop surface 1 Γ on the pivot axis remote abutment surface 12 of the other pair of pivot levers and locks it in this way.

A synopsis of the figures 1 and 9 shows that the parking position 10 each pivot lever pair between its release position 13 and its working position 9 is located.

In the embodiments shown in Figures 1, 3 to 7 and 9, the calender comprises exactly one lower roller 5 and this is in two different Working positions AU1, AU2 can be brought. For this purpose, the lower roller 5 is tiltably arranged to serve the upstream side upper roller 14 or the downstream upper roller 15. The lower roller is arranged on a Kipphebelpaar 16, the two different end positions 17, 17 ^' , in each of which a contact surface 18, 18 ^{' of} the Kipphebelpaars rests against a counter contact surface 19, 19 ^'of the frame 1. And the tilting axis 20 of the rocker arm pair is arranged between the press plane 21 of the inlet-side nip 8 and the press plane 22 of the outlet-side nip 8 ^' (see, for example, FIG. 1). The movement of the Kipphebelpaares is symbolized, as in Figure 1, by the arrow P1.

In the exemplary embodiments shown in FIGS. 2 and 8, the calender comprises exactly two lower rollers 5, 5 ^' . These can be delivered independently of each other.

Each lower roller 5, 5 ^' shown in the drawings has its own feed device 30, 30 ^' , which may comprise a hydraulic cylinder.

In Fig. 5 and 1 1, the lower roller 5 is shown in two working positions AU1, AU2, one of which is shown in dashed lines.

In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 3 to 8, the calender 100 comprises a goods feed 23, which comprises a goods conveyor belt 27.

In the exemplary embodiments shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, this goods conveyor belt 27 is aligned at least substantially horizontally. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 3, the distance of the goods conveyor belt 27 to the nip 8 ^'is relatively large. The two top rollers are arranged at the same height in this embodiment.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the calender 100 is disposed obliquely to make room for the goods conveyor belt 27. As the figure shows, this can be brought closer to the nip 8 ^' , as by this oblique arrangement, the inlet-side upper roller higher than the outlet-side upper roller is arranged and the inlet-side upper roll thereby provides space for the goods conveyor belt 27.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 7, the goods conveyor belt 27 is disposed obliquely in the area in front of the nip 8 ^' . Also in this way it can come closer to the nip, as in the embodiment shown in Fig. 3. It is a deflection roller 26 is provided which causes a deflection of the goods conveyor belt 27 in the area in front of the nip 8 ^' upwards.

Among other things, in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, the two top rollers are arranged at a height.

In the embodiments shown in Figures 4 and 5, the two top rollers are arranged at two different heights H1, H2.

In the embodiments shown in Figures 3 to 5 and 7 and 8, the position of the conveyor belt 27 is designed to be variable, depending on whether the inlet-side nip or the outlet-side nip 8 ^'is realized to be able to come as close to this.

In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the goods feeder 23 has an additional transfer belt 24 whose position is changeable.

Fig. 6 shows a suction roller 25, for transferring the goods to the transfer belt 24th

In FIG. 8, the inlet-side lower roller 5 is designed as an alternate lower roller 5a, which can be brought into an evasive position 28. For this purpose, the feed device 30 ^'of this lower roller comprises a telescopic cylinder. At position 24 ^' , the conveyor belt or an additional transfer belt can be provided. In the exemplary embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 to 18, the calender does not comprise any pivoting levers with which upper rollers 2, 2 ^{'can be} pivoted from parking positions into working positions. Instead, the top rollers 2, 2 ^' , as long as they are mounted on the frame 1, always remain in their working position.

In the exemplary embodiments shown in FIGS. 11, 12, 14 to 17 and 19, the calender 100 comprises exactly one lower roller 5.

In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 13 and 18, the calender 100 comprises two bottom rollers 5, 5 ^' .

In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 11, 14, 16, 17 and 19, the lower roller, as in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, is arranged on a pair of rocker arms 16 which has two different end positions 17, 17 ^' at which in each case a contact surface 18, 18 ^' of Kipphebelpaars abuts against a counter-contact surface 19, 19 ^{' of} the frame and the pivot axis 20 of Kipphebelpaares 16 is disposed between the press plane 21 of the inlet side nip 8 and the press plane 22 of the outlet side nip 8 ^' .

In the embodiments shown in Figures 12 and 15, the lower roller is not pivotable, but slidably disposed to be displaced from the first working position AU1 in the second working position AU2 can. For this purpose, it is arranged on a carriage 31 which is displaceable in the direction of the arrow P2.

The two lower rollers 5, 5 ^'of the embodiment shown in FIG. 13 can be fed independently of one another. Therefore, as shown in the figure, it is possible to realize two nips 8, 8 ^' or only the inlet-side nip 8 or only the outlet-side nip 8 ^' .

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 14, as in the embodiment shown in Fig. 4, the goods conveyor belt 27 is at least substantially horizontally aligned and the remaining calender arranged obliquely to make room for this goods conveyor belt 27. In the embodiments shown in Figures 1 to 3, 6 to 9, 1 1 to 13 and 16 to 19, the two top rollers 2, 2 ^' are arranged at a height.

Due to the oblique arrangement of the calender results in the embodiment shown in Fig. 14, as in the embodiment shown in Fig. 4 that the two top rollers 2, 2 ^' at different heights H1, H2 are arranged. In this way, in the case shown in FIG. 14, in which the outlet-side nip 8 ^'is realized, the inlet-side top roller 2 provides space for the goods feed 23, so that the goods conveyor belt 27 can come as close as possible to the outlet-side nip 8 ^' .

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 15, the two top rollers 2, 2 ^'are also arranged at two different heights H1, H2, but in a straight and not obliquely oriented calender, in this respect according to the embodiment shown in Fig. 5.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 16, as in the embodiment shown in Fig. 6, an additional transfer belt 24 is provided, which is shown in two different positions and a suction roller 25 transfers the goods from the goods conveyor belt 27 on the transfer belt 24. Das Transfer belt 24 may be coupled to the rocker arm pair 16.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 17, as in the embodiment shown in Fig. 7, a guide roller 26 is provided which causes a deflection of the goods conveyor belt 27 in the area in front of the nip 8, 8 ^' upwards. As a result, as in the embodiment shown in Fig. 7, the inclination of the goods conveyor belt 27 before the nip 8, 8 ^' changeable without having to change the inclination of the goods conveyor belt before the guide roller 26.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 18, the intake-side lower roller 5 is, as in the embodiment shown in Fig. 8, a backup roller 5a executed and can pass through an enlarged hub. For this purpose, it is equipped with a telescopic cylinder 30a. This allows a deflection, which is greater than the radius of the backup roller 5a. In this way, in the realization of the outlet-side nip 8 ^' space for the goods feed 23, which may include at position 24 ^' the conveyor belt or an additional transfer belt created.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 19, the calender 100 has exactly one pivot lever pair W, on which two top rollers 2, 2 ^' are arranged.

This embodiment has the advantage that later another pair of pivot lever can be retrofitted with additional top rollers. In addition, the lower roller 5 can be easily removed by pivoting the Schwenkhebelpaars W, as is the case in the embodiments shown in Figures 1 1 to 18.

In all the embodiments shown, with the exception of the embodiments shown in Figures 4 and 14, and the embodiments shown in Figures 20 and 21, the press planes of the (two) nips are perpendicular. In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 4 and 14 and in FIGS. 20 and 21, these press planes instead run obliquely. In the embodiments shown in Figures 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 1 1, 14, 16, 17 and 19, the pivot axis 20 of the rocker arm pair is arranged centrally between the inlet-side press plane 21 and the outlet-side pressben 22. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the pivot axis 20 is arranged closer to the inlet-side pressing plane 21 than to the outlet-side pressing plane 22.

The frame 1 is viewed from the side in the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 -7, 9, 1 1, 12, 14 to 17 and 19 formed "U" -shaped.

In all the embodiments shown, with the exception of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 20 and 21, the entire frame 1, 101, 10101 is stationary. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 20 and 21, the frame 1 has a first stationary frame part OT and a second frame part VT, wherein the second frame part VT is provided so as to be displaceable relative to the first frame part OT. In this embodiment, the second frame part VT is viewed from the side at least approximately "U" -shaped.

There is exactly one lower roller 5 and this is mounted on the first frame part OT. It is, with the exception of the delivery movement, not relocatable. On the second frame part VT two pairs of pivot lever 3, 4 are mounted, each with two top rollers 2, 2 ^' , 2 ^" , 2 ^"' .

The second frame part VT can be brought into two different positions S1, S2 relative to the first frame part OT, in which the lower roller 5 forms a nip with different top rollers 2, 2 ^' .

The second frame part VT is displaceably mounted relative to the first frame part OT by means of a thrust bearing B. The thrust bearing B comprises a linear bearing L, thus allowing a straight-line displacement. The thrust bearing B includes a carriage and / or rail assembly.

With a displacement of the second frame part VT, the pivot lever 3, 4, together with their bearings, pivot axes S, S ^' , rotary actuators 29, 29 ^' and the top rollers 2, 2 ^' , 2 ^" , 2 ^"' mitverschoben.

In the first position S1 of the second frame part VT shown in FIG. 20, the thrust bearing B is arranged completely underneath the lower roller 5. In the second position S2 of the second frame part VT shown in FIG. 21, it is partially arranged below the lower roller 5.

The second frame part VT is thus mounted by means of a thrust bearing B slidably on the first frame part OT, which is partially disposed below the lower roller 5, 5 ^' . The twenty-first embodiment of the calender according to the invention shown in FIGS. 22 and 23, designated 10100 as a whole, comprises a frame 101 in which a first roller 102 is arranged. The first roller 102 is mounted on a carriage 103, which is displaceable by means of a hydraulically actuated piston / cylinder assembly 104 perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the roller 101 in the frame, in this case in the vertical direction. The piston / cylinder assembly 104 also serves to position the first roller 102 against another roller for nip formation, as will be described below. The first roller 102 may be formed as a heated, deflection-controllable roller with a smooth roll shell or in other ways.

On the frame 101 first pivot lever 105 are pivotally mounted about first pivot axes 107. The first pivot levers comprise a front, visible in the drawing pivot lever and a distance from this in the direction perpendicular to the plane identical, rear pivot lever, which is not visible in the drawing. The following description applies equally to the front, visible first pivot lever 105, as well as the rear pivot lever, although not explicitly mentioned.

The first pivot levers 105 are designed as two-armed lever. On the first arm 105 'shown on the right in the drawing, a rail arrangement 108 is provided, which serves to attach a second roller 106. For this purpose, the second roller 106 is rotatably mounted about its longitudinal axis S2 in a carriage assembly 109 which is displaceable along the rail assembly 108.

The rail arrangement 108 extends along the upper edge 1010 in the working position of the first pivot lever illustrated in FIGS. 22 and 23 and is designed as a curved track corresponding to the contour of the upper edge.

The displacement of the carriage assembly 109 along the rail assembly 108 is a Linearversteller 101 1, which may be formed as a pneumatically or hydraulically actuated piston / cylinder unit or in any other known manner. The one end of the linear adjuster is articulated on the respective first pivot lever 105, the other end on the respective rail arrangement 108.

In addition, a third roller 1012 is mounted rotatably about its longitudinal axis S3 on the carriage arrangement 109. The longitudinal axis S3 is spaced from the longitudinal axis S2 by an angular distance α, which corresponds approximately to the maximum angle a, by which the carriage assembly 109 is displaceable on the rail assembly 108 by means of the linear adjuster 1010.

As can be seen in FIGS. 22 and 23, in the region of the outer end of a second arm 105 "of the two-armed pivot lever 105, a pivot drive 1013 engages, which is designed as a linear drive comprising a screw jack 1014.

In Fig. 22, an operating state of the calender 10100 is shown, in which the first pivot levers 105 are in their working position. In this is either the second roller 106, as shown in Fig.22, in its working position and forms with the first roller 102 a nip 1015. the third roller 1012 is then in its parking position. Or, as shown in Fig. 23, the third roller is in its working position and forms the nip 1015 with the first roller 102. Then, the second roller 106 is in its parking position.

In order to make a change between the second roller 106 and the third roller 1012 for nip formation with the first roller 102, with the aid of the linear adjuster 101 1, the carriage assembly 109 between its first extreme position shown in Fig. 22, in which they are based on the graphic representation is located on the left stop, and its extreme position shown in Fig. 23, in which it is according to the drawings in its right extreme position, moves. In order to briefly open the nip, either the first roller can be lowered by means of the piston / cylinder arrangement 104 for the duration of the displacement of the carriage arrangement 109. Or the first pivot lever 105 are - as preferred - briefly raised by means of the rotary actuators 1013. A change of the web guide shown in Fig. 25, in particular displacement of a guide roller 1024 of a web conveying 1025, is then not required.

With the aid of the pivoting drives 1013, it is possible to move the first pivot levers 105 between their working positions shown in FIGS. 22 and 23, in which the upper edges 1016 extend approximately parallel to the lower edge 1017 of the frame 101, and parking positions in which the upper edges 1016 run approximately perpendicular to the lower edge 1017, to relocate. In these parking positions, both the first roller 102, and the second and the third roller from the outside are easily accessible, which is for example for the purpose of replacement or maintenance of great advantage.

The embodiment of the calender 10100 according to the invention also has second pivot levers 1018, which are mounted on the frame 101 so as to be pivotable about second pivot axes 1019.

The second pivot lever 1018 are with respect to the plane E, which is defined by the two longitudinal axes of the nip forming rollers, arranged in mirror image to the first pivot lever 105 on the frame 1 and also formed in mirror image to the first pivot lever 105. Accordingly, the second pivot lever 1018 are again designed as a two-armed lever. These can be connected to a second pivoting drive 1020, which comprises a second screw jack 1021 and which acts on one end of the second arm 1018 ', between a parking position shown in FIGS. 22 and 23 and a working position, which - in mirror image - corresponds to that in FIG Figs. 22 and 23, the first pivot levers 105 are shown, are displaced.

The respective first arm 1018 'of the second pivoting levers 1018 comprises, analogously to the construction of the first pivoting levers 105, a recess with an upper edge 1026 in the working position, which is curved and along which a rail arrangement 1027 extends. A slide arrangement 1028 is again provided displaceably along the curved path predetermined by the rail arrangement. The shift serves one at each of the second Swivel lever 1018 provided Linearversteller 1029, which in turn may be formed, for example, as a hydraulic or pneumatic piston / cylinder unit or in any other way.

The carriage arrangement serves to support a fourth roller 1030 and a fifth roller 1031 in a manner corresponding to the bearing of the second roller 106 and third roller 1012.

If, instead of the first pivoting lever 105, the second pivot lever 1018 is displaced into its working position after shifting into its parking position, the fourth roller 1030 or the fifth roller 1031 can optionally be displaced into their respective parking position and into their respective working position with the aid of the linear adjuster 1029. This is analogous to the second roller 106 and third roller 1012, after the nip has been briefly opened by lowering the first roller 102 or slight pivoting of the second pivot lever 1018.

So that reaction forces to the forces acting in the nip not only on the first and second pivot axes 107, 1019 and the first and second pivot drives 1013, 1020 are introduced into the frame, the first and second pivot levers 105 pivot axis near locking means 1032 and pivot axis remote locking means 1033 on. The locking means are arranged and designed such that the pivot axis near locking of each located in their parking position pivot lever overlap the pivot axis remote locking means 1033 located in their working positions pivot lever and thus acting on the located in their working position swivel bracket reaction forces also on the pivot axes and the linear adjuster of their parking position located pivot lever are introduced into the frame.

In the twenty-second embodiment of the calender 10200 according to the invention shown in FIG. 24, a first roller 10102 is again arranged in a frame 10101. It is mounted on a carriage 10103, which by means of a hydraulically actuated piston / cylinder assembly 10104 vertically to the longitudinal extent of the roller 10102 in the frame 10101 is displaceable, in this case in the vertical direction. The piston / cylinder arrangement 10104 in turn also serves to set the first roller 10102 against another roller for the purpose of nip formation, as will be described below. The first roll 10102 may be formed as a heated, deflection-controllable roll with a smooth roll shell or in some other way.

As in the twenty-first embodiment of the calender 10100 according to the invention, two first pivot levers 10105 are provided, of which only the front pivot lever facing the viewer can be seen in the drawing. The first pivot levers 10105 are for supporting a second roller 10106 and a third roller 101, 12 at one end thereof.

The first pivot levers 10105 are pivotally mounted about a first pivot axis 10107 on the frame 10101, in such a way that they are either in one of the working positions shown in Fig. 24, in which either the second roller 10106, or - as in the Fig. 24 shown in solid line state - the third roller 101 12 with the first roller 10102 forms a nip 101 15 or in a rest position, in which the second and the third roller to the first roller are spaced.

For this purpose, the first pivot lever 10105 are designed as two-armed lever, wherein on the first arm 10105 'the second and third rollers 10106, 101 12 are mounted and at the end of the second arm 10105 "a pivot drive 101 13 attacks, which in turn mounted on the frame 10101 is.

The pivot drive comprises a screw jack 101 14.

In the operating state shown in Fig. 24, the third roller 101 12 is in its working position and forms with the first roller 10102 the nip 101 15th In order to be able to perform a roll change between the third roll 101 12 and the second roll 10106, ie to be able to bring the third roll 101 12 into a parking position and the second roll 10106 into the working position, the first pivot levers are not only with the aid of the pivot drive 101 13 pivoted about their first pivot axes 10107 mounted on the frame 10101, but the first pivot axes 10107 are arranged relative to the frame 10101 displaced. For this purpose, the bearing side bearing blocks comprehensive storage facilities 10108, which define the positions of the pivot axes 10107 of the first pivot lever 10105, is provided, the storage facilities 10108 along each rail assembly 10109 by means of linear Verstellers not shown in the drawing are displaced.

As can be clearly seen in FIG. 24, the rail arrangement 10109 is oriented upward as seen from the nip 101 15. In this way, the pivot axes 10107 of the first pivot lever 10105 are displaced in a further displacement of the nip 101 15 also with a vertical component, whereby the third roller 101 12 is displaced during displacement from the work in a parking position with a vertically upward movement component , In this way it is possible to realize an approximately horizontal, conventional supply of a web 10W, which will be described below.

During a displacement of the first pivot axes 10107 along the rail assembly 10109 synchronously the pivot drive 101 13 is actuated until the first pivot lever 10105 have taken the left dashed line shown in Fig. 24 further working position, in which the third roller 101 12 in a parking position and the second roller 10106 is in a working position in which it forms the nip 101 15 with the first roller 10102. In order to temporarily open the nip, either the first roller can be lowered by means of the piston / cylinder arrangement 10104 for the duration of the displacement of the pivot axes 10107. Or the pivot lever 10105 are - as preferred - briefly raised by means of the rotary actuators 101 13. A change in the web guide shown in Fig. 25, in particular Relocation of the guide roller 1024 of the web 1025 is then not required.

The second embodiment of the calender 10200 according to the invention further comprises to the plane E, which is defined by the longitudinal axes of the two rolls forming the nip 101, to the first pivot levers 10105 mirror-image formed and mirror-mounted on the frame 10101 second pivot lever 101 18. On the first Arm 101 18 'are a fourth roller 10130 and a fifth roller 10131 stored. The second arm 101 18 "is engaged by a second pivot drive 10120 which comprises a second screw jack 10121. A separate second pivot drive 10120 is provided for each second pivot lever 101 18. With it, the respective pivot lever is mounted about a second pivot axis 101 19 between the pivot axis 101 shown in FIG 24 illustrated parking position and working positions, which - mirror images - correspond to those in which the first pivot lever 10105 are shown, pivotable.

In order to be able to bring the fourth or the fifth roller 10130, 10131 into park or working position, a second bearing device 10127 comprising a bearing block is provided, which in turn can be displaced along a second rail arrangement 10128 with the aid of a linear adjuster, not shown in the drawing. Since the bearing device 10127 defines the second pivot axis 101 19, and the second rail assembly 10128 is aligned with the plane E mirror image of the rail assembly 10109, a change between the fourth and the fifth roller can be analogous to the change between the second and the third roller. It is understood that previously the first pivot lever 10105 must be moved to their parking positions, which - in turn mirror image to the plane E - correspond to the park positions of the second pivot lever 101 18 shown in Fig. 24.

All pivot levers 105, 1018; 10105, 101 18 are designed as double-walled lever and engage around a bearing lug of the frame 101, 10101 on both sides. As a result, a very stable storage of the respective pivot lever is achieved in the frame, which is a tilting of the pivot lever relative to the frame in a direction other than the pivoting movement reliably prevented. For each roller exists - as already mentioned before - a pivot lever pair, each pivot lever of a pair rotatably receiving the roller in one of its two end portions. In the drawing, only the swivel lever facing the viewer of a pair of swivel levers is recognizable. The unrecognizable pivot lever of each pivot lever pair have the same configurations as the recognizable pivot lever. Furthermore, the same storage facilities and part-turn actuators, rail arrangements and linear adjusters are provided for the unrecognizable swivel lever pairs.

A material web to be treated with the aid of the calender according to the invention can be passed between the two pivot levers of a pair of pivot levers, and the web guide schematically illustrated in FIG. 25 can thus be realized. In this, for example, supported by a screen belt 1022, a web 10W, for example in the form of a layer of filaments, between the first roller 102 and one of the second to fifth rollers 106, 1012, 1030, 1031; 10106, 101 12, 10130, 10131 nip 1015, 101 15 formed and solidified in this. By suitable cooling rollers 1023, the web is fed in the forward direction V for further use. In the illustrated web guide it is ensured that the web leaves the nip without further contact with the rollers, whereby a thermal damage to the non-solidifying areas is avoided. Also, due to the arrangement of the guide roller 1024 in the immediate vicinity of the nip and with its horizontal tangent above the nip ensured that the unconsolidated goods - fixed on the conveyor belt - can be brought as close to the nip. Finally, the web feed takes place almost parallel to the plane in which the nip is located (nip plane), so that the deflecting roller 1024 is only looped around by a small angle. Due to this measure, the risk of the goods sticking to the screen belt 1022 and tearing is reduced. With the plane in which the nip is located (Nipebene), is referred to in the context of this document in particular the plane perpendicular to the press plane of a nip plane. In a calender according to the invention the supply of the bearings with lubricant is to accomplish in a simple manner. Because due to the arrangement of alternatively usable for nip formation second to fifth rolls of pivoting levers, the bearing body only by angle <180 °, depending on the design of the pivot lever only by angle <150 °, <120 ° or even <90 ° at a shift between working - and parking position twisted. This is a great advantage, in particular in the case of bearing lubrication without contacting seals and, consequently, pressureless, gravity-only oil drainage, as conventionally used in heated rolls. Bearing lubricating oil drains and return lines with gravity feed are thus easily executable.

Further, it is advantageous to form a calender according to the invention such that the rollers are rotatably drivable in their parking position. Because especially at elevated roller temperatures, especially at roller temperatures> 80 ° C, the rollers must be rotated continuously to avoid permanent deformation. For this purpose, all rollers, at least the second to fifth rollers, can be provided with their own rotary drives, which are not recognizable in the drawing. Its own rotary drives also make any otherwise necessary coupling and uncoupling of a common rotary drive unnecessary. So that separate drive blocks for the own rotary drives with the rollers do not have to be moved, it is advantageous if the own rotary actuators are designed as "direct drives".

The two schematically illustrated in the drawings and previously described twenty-first and twenty-second embodiments of the calender according to the invention have first and second pivoting lever with the associated second and third and fourth and fifth rollers. According to the invention, however, are also embodiments in which only the first pivot lever with the second and third rollers are present, especially if these embodiments are suitable to be supplemented with second pivot lever with fourth and fifth rollers. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

calender

frame

top rollers

first pivot lever pair

second pivot lever pair

bottom rollers

Dodge lower roll

Parking position of the top rollers

Working position of the top rollers

inlet nip

outlet nip

Working position of the pivot lever Park position of the pivot lever pivot axis near stop surface pivot axis remote stop surface release position of the pivot lever inlet side upper roller

outlet side upper roller

Kipphebelpaar

End positions of the rocker arm pair

Contact surface of the rocker arm pair

Counter bearing surface of the frame

Tilting axle of the rocker arm pair

Press plane of the upstream upper roll

Pressing plane of the outlet side upper roller

were feeding

Transfer belt

position

suction roll

deflecting

Goods transport belt 28 alternative position

29, 29 ^' pivot drive

30, 30 ^' delivery device

31 sleds

10100, 10200 calenders

101, 10101 frame

102, 10102 first roller

103, 10103 sledges

104, 10104 piston / cylinder arrangement

105, 10105 first pivot lever

105 ', 10105' arm

105 ", 10105" arm

106, 10106 second roller

107, 10107 first pivot axis

108 rail arrangement

109 carriage arrangement

1010 upper edge

101 1 Linear adjuster

1012, 101 12 third roller

1013, 101 13 Part-turn actuator

1014, 101 14 Screw Jacks

1015, 101 15 Nip

1016 upper edges

1017 lower edge

1018, 101 18 second pivot levers

1018 ', 101 18' arm

1018 ", 101 18" arm

1019, 101 19 second pivot axes

1020, 10120 second rotary actuator

1021, 10121 second screw jack

1022 sieve belt

1023 cooling rolls

1024 deflecting roller

1025 web conveying 1026 upper edge

1027 rail arrangement

1028 carriage arrangement

1029 linear adjuster

1030. 10130 fourth roller

1031. 10131 fifth roller

1032 locking device near pivot axis

1033 locking device remote from pivot axis

10108 storage facilities

10109 rail arrangement

10127 storage facility

10128 rail arrangement

AU1, AU2 two different working positions of the same

bottom roll

B thrust bearings

H1, H2 different heights

L linear bearing

OT first, stationary frame part

VT second frame part

P1, P2 arrows

S, S ^' pivot axis of the pivot lever pair

S1, S2 positions of the second frame part

W pivot lever pair

10W web

Claims

claims:

1 . Calender (100) having a frame (1) in which a plurality of upper rollers (2, 2 ^' , 2 ^" , 2 ^"' ) and at least one lower roller (5, 5 ^' ) are mounted, wherein the lower roller (5, 5 ^' ) with a top roller (2, 2 ^' , 2 ^" , 2 ^"' ) can form a nip (8, 8 ^' ).

2. Calender according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one lower roller (5, 5 ^' ) is provided, which can be brought into two different working positions (AU1, AU2) and optionally with different upper rollers (2, 2 ^' , 2 ^" 2 ^"' ) forms a nip (8, 8 ^' ).

3. calender according to claim 2, characterized in that the lower roller (5) is tiltable and / or displaceable in order to operate the inlet side upper roller (14) or the outlet side upper roller (15) or two upper rollers simultaneously.

4. calender according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the lower roller (5) is arranged on a Kipphebelpaar (16) having two different end positions (17, 17 ^' ), in each of which a contact surface (18, 18 ^' ) of the rocker arm pair abuts on a counter contact surface (19, 19 ^' ) of the frame (1), wherein the pivot axis (20) of the rocker arm pair (16) between the press plane (21) of the inlet side nip (8) and the press plane (22) of the outlet side nip (16) 8 ^' ) is located.

5. calender according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the calender comprises at least two lower rollers (5, 5 ^' ), which are deliverable independently.

6. Calender according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the frame (1) has a first stationary frame part (OT) and a second frame part (VT), wherein the second frame part (VT) displaceable to the first Frame part (OT) is provided and the lower roller (5, 5 ^' ) is mounted on the first frame part (OT) and a top roller (2, 2 ^' , 2 ^" , 2 ^"' ) is mounted on the second frame part (VT).

7. Calender according to claim 6, characterized in that the second frame part (VT) by means of a thrust bearing (B) is slidably mounted on the first frame part (OT), which is at least partially below the lower roller (5, 5 ^' ).

8. Calender according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the calender comprises a first pair of pivot levers (3) and a second pair of pivot levers (4), with which upper rollers (2, 2 ^' , 2 ^" , 2 ^"' ) from parking position (6, 6 ^' ) in the working position (7, 7 ^' ) are pivotable, which are pivotable in a working position (9), in which the rollers arranged on them (2, 2 ^' , 2 ^" , 2 ^"' ) in the working position ( 7, 7 ^' ) and a parking position (10), in which the rollers (2, 2 ^' , 2 ^" , 2 ^"' ) arranged on them are in a parking position (6, 6 ^' ), wherein on the first pair of pivot levers ( 3) and / or the second pair of pivot levers (4) in each case at least two top rollers (2, 2 ^' , 2 ^" , 2 ^"' ) are mounted.

9. calender according to claim 8, characterized in that each in working position (9) located Walzenlagerungsschwenkhebel at a parking position (10) located Walzenlagerungsschwenkhebel is lockable, in which each Walzenlagerungsschwenkhebel (3, 4) a schwenkachsennahe stop surface (1 1, 1 1 ^' ) and a schwenkachsenferne stop surface (12, 12 ^' ) and the pivot axis near stop surface (1 1, 1 1 ^' ) of Walzenlagerungsschwenkhebels in its parking position (10) on the pivot axis remote abutment surface (12, 12 ^' ) of a befindlicher in working position Walzenlagerungsschwenkhebels.

10. calender according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that each Walzenlagerungsschwenkhebel (3, 4) in a release position (13) can be brought and that the parking position (10) each Walzenlagerungsschwenkhebels (3, 4) between its release position (13) and its Working position (9) is located.

1 1. Calender according to one of claims 1 to 10, in particular for non-woven goods, characterized in that the calender comprises a goods feed (23) with a goods conveyor belt (27) and the goods feed (23) is preferably designed as a nonwoven feed.

12. calender according to claim 1 1, characterized in that the goods conveyor belt (27) is aligned at least substantially horizontally and the remaining calender (100) is arranged obliquely to make room for this goods conveyor belt (27).

13. calender according to claim 1 1 or 12, characterized in that the goods conveyor belt (27) in the area in front of the nip (8, 8 ^' ) is arranged obliquely.

14. Calender according to one of claims 1 1 to 13, characterized in that the upper rollers (12, 12 ^' , 12 ^" , 12 ^"' ) working positions (7, 7 ^' ), which provided at different heights (H1, H2) are.

15. Calender according to one of claims 1 1 to 14, characterized in that the position of the goods conveyor belt (27) is designed changeable.

16. calender according to one of claims 1 1 to 15, characterized in that the goods feed (23) comprises an additional transfer belt (24) whose position is provided changeable.

17. A calender according to claim 16, characterized in that the calender is used for calendering a product and a suction roll (25) is provided for transferring the goods to the transfer belt (24).

18. Calender according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the goods feed comprises a deflection roller (26), which causes a deflection of the goods conveyor belt (27) in the region in front of the nip (8, 8 ^' ) upwards.

19. Calender according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that a lower roller (5, 5 ^' ) as an alternate lower roller (5a) is configured, which can be brought with an evasive movement in an evasive position (28).

20. calender (10100, 10200), in particular for textile, fleece, plastic or paper webs (10W),

with a frame (101, 10101) in which a first roller (102, 10102), a second roller (106, 10106) and a third roller (1012, 101 12) are mounted, wherein the first roller (102, 10102) during operation of the calender (10100, 10200) with either the second roller (106, 10106) or with the third roller (1012, 101 12) forms a nip (1015, 101 15), through which the web (10W) can be passed, for which the second roller (106, 10106) is displaceable between a working position in which it forms a nip (1015, 101 15) with the first roller (102, 10102) and a parking position, the third roller (1012, 101 12) between a working position in which it with the first roller (102, 10102) forms a nip (1015, 101 15), and a parking position is displaceable, wherein the second roller (106, 10106) via first pivot lever (105, 10105) on Frame (101, 10101) is mounted, wherein each pivot lever about a first pivot axis (107, 10107) is pivotable,

characterized,

in that the third roller (1012, 101 12) is mounted on the frame (101, 10101) via the first pivot levers (105, 10105).

21. Calender according to claim 20, characterized in that the second and third rollers (106, 1012) are arranged displaceable relative to the first pivot levers (105).

22. calender according to claim 21, characterized in that the second and third rollers (106, 1012) are arranged displaceably along a cam track, such that the second and the third roller (106, 1012) of the nip (1015) passing through the web (10W) when in their parked position.

23. Calender according to one of claims 20 to 22, characterized in that the first pivot axes (10107) of the first pivot lever (10105) relative to the frame (10101) are arranged displaceably.

24. Calender according to claim 23, characterized in that frame side bearing means (10108) which define the positions of the pivot axes (10107) of the first pivot lever (10105) are provided, wherein the bearing means (10108) relative to the frame (10101) arranged displaceably are.

25. Calender according to one of claims 20 to 24, characterized in that a fourth roller (1030, 10130) is provided, which between a working position in which they with the first roller (102, 10102) a nip (1015, 101 15). the fourth roller (1030, 10130) via second pivot lever (1018, 101 18) on the frame (101, 10101) is mounted, each pivoting lever (1018, 101 18) about a second pivot axis ( 1019, 101 19) is pivotable.

26. A calender according to claim 25, characterized in that a fifth roller (1031, 10131) is provided, which between a working position in which it forms a nip (1015, 101 15) with the first roller (102, 10102), and a parking position displaced and on the second pivot lever (1018, 101 18) on the frame (101, 10101) is mounted.

27. A calender according to claim 26, characterized in that the fourth and fifth rollers (1030, 1031) are arranged displaceably relative to the second pivot levers (1018).

A calender according to claim 27, characterized in that the fourth and fifth rollers (1030, 1031) are displaceably arranged along a curved path, such that the fourth and fifth rollers (1030, 1031) pass from the nip (1015) Web (10W) are spaced when they are in their parking position.

29. Calender according to one of claims 26 to 28, characterized in that the second pivot axes (101 19) of the second pivot lever (101 18) relative to the frame (10101) are arranged displaceably.

30. Calender according to claim 29, characterized in that frame-side bearing means (10127) which define the second pivot axes (101 19) of the second pivot lever (101 18) are provided, wherein the bearing means (10127) relative to the frame (10101) arranged displaceably are.

31. A calender according to any one of claims 25 to 30, characterized in that the first pivot levers (105) and the second pivot levers (1018) have locking means (1032, 1033) such that the second pivot levers (1018) located in a parking position are located in lock their first working lever (105) and vice versa.