WO2015041244A1 - 摩擦材 - Google Patents

摩擦材 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2015041244A1
WO2015041244A1 PCT/JP2014/074548 JP2014074548W WO2015041244A1 WO 2015041244 A1 WO2015041244 A1 WO 2015041244A1 JP 2014074548 W JP2014074548 W JP 2014074548W WO 2015041244 A1 WO2015041244 A1 WO 2015041244A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
friction material
fiber
friction
titanates
titanate
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2014/074548
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
有紀 室谷
聡 日下
Original Assignee
曙ブレーキ工業株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=52688891&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=WO2015041244(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by 曙ブレーキ工業株式会社 filed Critical 曙ブレーキ工業株式会社
Priority to CN201480051357.0A priority Critical patent/CN105555900B/zh
Priority to EP14845206.3A priority patent/EP3048153B2/en
Priority to US15/021,711 priority patent/US9914667B2/en
Publication of WO2015041244A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015041244A1/ja

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/71Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents
    • C04B35/78Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents containing non-metallic materials
    • C04B35/80Fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/013Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics containing carbon
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/46Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates
    • C04B35/462Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/62204Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products using waste materials or refuse
    • C04B35/62209Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products using waste materials or refuse using woody material, remaining in the ceramic products
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/62605Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
    • C04B35/6269Curing of mixtures
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/628Coating the powders or the macroscopic reinforcing agents
    • C04B35/62802Powder coating materials
    • C04B35/62805Oxide ceramics
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/63Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
    • C04B35/632Organic additives
    • C04B35/634Polymers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/71Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents
    • C04B35/74Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents containing shaped metallic materials
    • C04B35/76Fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D69/00Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
    • F16D69/02Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
    • F16D69/025Compositions based on an organic binder
    • F16D69/026Compositions based on an organic binder containing fibres
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3201Alkali metal oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3201Alkali metal oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • C04B2235/3203Lithium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3205Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
    • C04B2235/3206Magnesium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3205Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
    • C04B2235/3208Calcium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. lime
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3205Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
    • C04B2235/3215Barium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3231Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • C04B2235/3232Titanium oxides or titanates, e.g. rutile or anatase
    • C04B2235/3234Titanates, not containing zirconia
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3231Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • C04B2235/3232Titanium oxides or titanates, e.g. rutile or anatase
    • C04B2235/3234Titanates, not containing zirconia
    • C04B2235/3236Alkaline earth titanates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3231Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • C04B2235/3244Zirconium oxides, zirconates, hafnium oxides, hafnates, or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • C04B2235/3248Zirconates or hafnates, e.g. zircon
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/34Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3427Silicates other than clay, e.g. water glass
    • C04B2235/3463Alumino-silicates other than clay, e.g. mullite
    • C04B2235/3481Alkaline earth metal alumino-silicates other than clay, e.g. cordierite, beryl, micas such as margarite, plagioclase feldspars such as anorthite, zeolites such as chabazite
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/40Metallic constituents or additives not added as binding phase
    • C04B2235/405Iron group metals
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/42Non metallic elements added as constituents or additives, e.g. sulfur, phosphor, selenium or tellurium
    • C04B2235/422Carbon
    • C04B2235/425Graphite
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/44Metal salt constituents or additives chosen for the nature of the anions, e.g. hydrides or acetylacetonate
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/44Metal salt constituents or additives chosen for the nature of the anions, e.g. hydrides or acetylacetonate
    • C04B2235/448Sulphates or sulphites
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/48Organic compounds becoming part of a ceramic after heat treatment, e.g. carbonising phenol resins
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/52Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
    • C04B2235/5208Fibers
    • C04B2235/5212Organic
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/52Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
    • C04B2235/5208Fibers
    • C04B2235/5216Inorganic
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/52Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
    • C04B2235/5208Fibers
    • C04B2235/5216Inorganic
    • C04B2235/522Oxidic
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/52Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
    • C04B2235/5208Fibers
    • C04B2235/5216Inorganic
    • C04B2235/522Oxidic
    • C04B2235/5232Silica or silicates other than aluminosilicates, e.g. quartz
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/52Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
    • C04B2235/5208Fibers
    • C04B2235/526Fibers characterised by the length of the fibers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/52Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
    • C04B2235/5208Fibers
    • C04B2235/5264Fibers characterised by the diameter of the fibers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/52Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
    • C04B2235/5292Flakes, platelets or plates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/60Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
    • C04B2235/604Pressing at temperatures other than sintering temperatures
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2200/00Materials; Production methods therefor
    • F16D2200/006Materials; Production methods therefor containing fibres or particles
    • F16D2200/0065Inorganic, e.g. non-asbestos mineral fibres
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2200/00Materials; Production methods therefor
    • F16D2200/0082Production methods therefor
    • F16D2200/0086Moulding materials together by application of heat and pressure

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a friction material containing no copper component, and more particularly to a friction material used for brake pads or brake linings, clutches, etc. of automobiles, railway vehicles, industrial machines and the like.
  • Friction materials used for brakes such as disc brakes and drum brakes, or clutches, are fiber base materials that provide reinforcement, friction modifiers that provide friction and adjust the friction performance, and components thereof It is made of raw materials such as a binding material that integrates.
  • the role of brakes has become increasingly severe, and it is necessary to have a sufficiently high coefficient of friction (effectiveness). Further, since the temperature becomes high during braking from high speed, the friction state is different from that during braking at low temperature and low speed, and stable friction characteristics are required in which the change in the friction coefficient due to temperature change is small.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a friction material containing 1%.
  • Patent Document 1 when the friction material contains copper fibers in a predetermined amount range, it is possible to improve the friction coefficient at a low temperature and to suppress a decrease in the friction coefficient at a high temperature and a high speed. This is because when the friction material and the mating material (disk rotor) are rubbed, an adhesive film forms on the mating material surface due to the spreadability of copper, and this film acts as a protective film, resulting in a high coefficient of friction at high temperatures. It is considered that the wear of the counterpart material can be suppressed.
  • the metal powder contained in the disc rotor wear powder and the friction material of the brake pad bites into the friction material and agglomerates there to form a large metal mass and stay between the brake pad and the disc rotor.
  • the agglomerated metal mass may cause abnormal wear on the brake pads and the disc rotor (Patent Document 2).
  • the metal components contained in the friction material are mainly metal fibers such as steel fibers and copper fibers, and when these fibers are contained in a large amount, there is a risk of causing the above-described abnormal wear of the disk rotor.
  • Patent Document 3 discloses a method for suppressing elution of a copper component in a friction material.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a friction material that does not contain a copper component and that has a high friction coefficient and high wear resistance at high temperatures.
  • the inventors of the present invention are friction materials that do not contain a copper component, and in addition to the titanate that forms the transfer coating, in addition to using different types of titanates and ceramic fibers in combination, The inventors have found that a friction material having a high coefficient of friction and excellent wear resistance can be obtained, and have completed the present invention.
  • “not including a copper component” means that neither copper fiber, copper powder, nor an alloy (such as brass or bronze) containing copper and a compound is blended as a raw material of the friction material.
  • the copper component mixed as an impurity is 0.5 mass% or less from a viewpoint of environmental impact.
  • a friction material containing two or more kinds of titanates and ceramic fibers and containing no copper component [2] The friction material according to [1], wherein the two or more titanates contain two or more alkali metal titanates. [3] The friction material according to [1], wherein the two or more types of titanates contain an alkaline earth metal titanate / alkali metal salt and an alkali metal titanate. [4] The friction material according to [1] or [2], wherein the two or more types of titanates contain lithium potassium titanate and potassium titanate.
  • the degree of transfer of the transfer coating with titanate formed instead of the adhesive coating with the copper component can be controlled by different types of titanates, and further by ceramic fibers.
  • the transfer coating can be ground to an appropriate thickness. Accordingly, a friction material having a high coefficient of friction and wear resistance at a high temperature can be obtained without containing a copper component.
  • the friction material according to the present invention includes two or more kinds of titanates and ceramic fibers, and does not include a copper component.
  • mass% and weight% and “mass part” and “part by weight” have the same meaning.
  • the friction material generally includes a binder, a friction modifier, a fiber base material, and a lubricant, and the friction modifier includes fillers such as organic fillers and inorganic fillers, abrasives, metal powders, and the like. To do.
  • the titanate in the present invention is used as a filler, and the ceramic fiber is used as a fiber substrate.
  • the friction material according to the present invention is characterized by containing two or more kinds of titanates. It is preferable to use two or more titanates for the purpose of controlling the degree of transfer.
  • At least one of two or more kinds of titanates includes alkali metal titanate, alkaline earth metal titanate, alkali metal salt, and the like. More specifically, lithium potassium titanate, magnesium potassium titanate and the like are preferable. Especially, the shape called scale shape (layer shape), column shape, plate shape, or flat shape is preferable, and lithium potassium titanate or magnesium potassium titanate which has these shapes is more preferable. Further, from the viewpoint of stabilizing the efficacy, the shape is more preferably a layered shape.
  • the other titanate that controls the degree of transfer film formation includes alkali metal titanate. More specifically, potassium titanate, lithium titanate, sodium titanate and the like are preferable. Among them, fibrous, spherical, powdery, indeterminate shapes or a plurality of convex shape titanates are preferable because the shape is different from the scale-like (layered), columnar, plate-like or flat-like titanates, Potassium titanate having these shapes is more preferably used. Among these, a plurality of convex-shaped titanates are more preferable from the viewpoint of wear resistance.
  • the shape of a plurality of convex portions may be a shape having convex portions in two or more directions, unlike the case where a projected shape of titanate onto a plane is at least a normal polygon, circle, ellipse or the like. It means to be a thing.
  • the convex portion refers to a portion corresponding to a portion protruding with respect to a photo (projection drawing) obtained by an optical or electron microscope or the like by applying a polygon, circle, ellipse or the like (basic figure).
  • a titanate having a plurality of convex shapes its projection is a boomerang shape, a cross shape, an amoeba shape, various animal and plant parts (eg, hands, horns, leaves, etc.) or its Examples include the overall shape, or similar shapes thereof, and confetti.
  • 2 or more types of titanates in this invention contain 2 or more types of alkali metal titanates, or contain an alkaline-earth metal titanate, an alkali metal salt, and an alkali metal titanate. It is preferable to do. More specifically, it is particularly preferable to contain lithium potassium titanate and potassium titanate, or magnesium potassium titanate and potassium titanate.
  • the two or more titanates in the present invention may be crystalline or amorphous. Further, from the viewpoint of improving the strength of the friction material, the surface of the titanate may be surface-treated with a silane coupling agent or the like.
  • the content of the scaly (layered), columnar, plate or flat titanate in the friction material as a whole is 2 to 30% by volume to stabilize the effect and prevent the fade coefficient of friction from being lowered. It is preferable from the viewpoint of improving fade characteristics, and more preferably 2 to 25% by volume.
  • the content of the titanate in the form of fibers, spheres, powders, irregular shapes or a plurality of convex portions in the entire friction material is preferably 1 to 25% by volume from the viewpoint of wear resistance, and 1 to 20 volumes. % Is more preferable.
  • the total content of the titanate friction material is preferably 3 to 40% by volume from the viewpoint of wear resistance, and more preferably 3 to 30% by volume.
  • ceramic fiber is a kind of inorganic fiber, and there are biosoluble and bioinsoluble ones that are characterized by being decomposed in a short time and discharged outside the body even when taken into the human body. is there.
  • the biologically soluble inorganic fiber has a total amount of alkali metal oxides and alkaline earth metal oxides (total amount of oxides of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, barium) in the chemical composition of 18% by mass or more, and
  • the mass half-life of fibers of 20 ⁇ m or less is 10 days or less in a short-term biopermanence test by respiration, or the mass half-life of fibers of 20 ⁇ m or more is 40 days or less in a short-term biopermanence test at the time of intratracheal infusion.
  • inorganic fibers that do not have evidence of excessive carcinogenicity in intraperitoneal tests or that have no associated pathogenicity or tumor development in long-term breathing tests (EU Directive 97/69 / EC Note Q (Carcinogenicity) Exemption)).
  • Such a biosoluble inorganic fiber preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of SiO 2 , MgO and SrO as a chemical composition.
  • SiO 2 —CaO—MgO fiber SiO 2 —MgO—SrO fiber
  • biosoluble rock wool such as SiO 2 —CaO—MgO—Al 2 O 3 fiber, etc.
  • the ceramic fiber used in the present invention has excellent heat resistance equivalent to that of alumina silica fiber, and further has excellent biosolubility and water resistance, and is a biosoluble ceramic fiber, SiO 2 —MgO—SrO. System fibers are preferred. These biosoluble inorganic fibers are produced by fiberizing inorganic fiber raw materials by a melt spinning method or the like generally used.
  • biosoluble rock wool and biosoluble ceramic fibers such as SiO 2 —CaO—MgO fiber, SiO 2 —CaO—MgO—Al 2 O 3 fiber, and SiO 2 —MgO—SrO fiber include commercially available RB220.
  • -Roxul 1000 manufactured by Lapinus
  • Fineflex-E bulk fiber T manufactured by NICHIAS
  • BIOSTAR bulk fiber manufactured by ITM
  • bioinsoluble ceramic fiber examples include Al 2 O 3 —SiO 2 fiber, Al 2 O 3 —ZrO 2 —SiO 2 fiber, Al 2 O 3 fiber, and mullite fiber.
  • the ceramic fiber preferably has a fiber diameter of 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m and a fiber length of 1 to 1000 ⁇ m, more preferably a fiber diameter of 0.2 to 6 ⁇ m and a fiber length of 10 to 850 ⁇ m. If it is this range, the effect of this invention can be exhibited effectively.
  • the fiber diameter and fiber length can be measured according to JIS A9504, respectively.
  • the ceramic fibers that can be used in the present invention generally contain shots (particulates) that have not been converted into fibers during the production process. These shot contents are preferably 0.1 to 70% by mass in the fiber base material. When the shot content is larger than the above range, the attacking property against the counterpart material increases. On the other hand, if the shot content is less than the above range, the cleaning effect of the counterpart material cannot be expected. In addition, it is also possible to separate the ceramic fiber and the shot in the manufacturing process and mix and use them at an arbitrary ratio. In addition, the surface of the ceramic fiber may be subjected to a surface treatment with a silane coupling agent or the like.
  • the ceramic fiber is usually used in an amount of 1 to 6% by volume, preferably 1 to 3% by volume in the entire friction material from the viewpoint of rotor attack.
  • a binder As other components contained in the friction material according to the present invention, a binder, a friction modifier (filler, abrasive, metal powder), a fiber base material, and a lubricant are described below.
  • binder As the binder, it is only necessary to include a commonly used binder. Specific examples thereof include thermosetting resins such as phenol resins (including straight phenol resins and various modified phenol resins), elastomer-modified phenol resins, melamine resins, epoxy resins, and polyimide resins. Various modified phenol resins include hydrocarbon resin-modified phenol resins and epoxy-modified phenol resins.
  • the elastomer that modifies the phenol resin may be any one that imparts plasticity to the phenol resin, and examples thereof include crosslinked natural rubber and synthetic rubber.
  • the elastomer for modifying the phenol resin acrylic rubber, silicone rubber and the like are preferably used.
  • the elastomer-modified phenol resin is preferably contained in an amount of 10 to 30% by volume, more preferably 10 to 25% by volume in the entire friction material. If it is this range, even if there is no adhesion coating derived from a metal component, the friction coefficient at low temperature can be stabilized.
  • the binder is generally used in an amount of 10 to 30% by volume, preferably 10 to 25% by volume, based on the entire friction material.
  • inorganic fillers other than organic fillers and titanates can be included.
  • organic filler include various rubbers composed of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), butadiene rubber (BR), and the like, and organic dust such as tire tread, rubber dust, cashew dust, and the like.
  • inorganic fillers other than titanate examples include vermiculite, mica, calcium hydroxide, barium sulfate, and calcium carbonate.
  • the content of the organic filler is preferably 1 to 20% by volume in the friction material.
  • the content of the inorganic filler is preferably 1 to 70% by volume in the friction material including the titanate.
  • abrasive examples include alumina, silica, silicon carbide, mullite, zirconium oxide, zirconium silicate, iron trioxide, magnesia, chromite and the like.
  • the content of the entire abrasive is usually 1 to 9% by volume in the friction material.
  • metal powder metals other than copper such as zinc, iron, tin, aluminum, and Fe—Al intermetallic compounds can be used.
  • the total content of metal powder is usually 0.5 to 3% by volume in the friction material.
  • Fiber base examples of the fiber substrate include aromatic polyamide (aramid) fiber, cellulose fiber, and polyacrylic fiber as organic fiber.
  • inorganic fibers other than ceramic fibers include glass fibers, carbon fibers, and rock wool.
  • metal fiber examples include steel, aluminum, zinc, tin and tin alloy, and stainless steel.
  • the content of the entire fiber base material including the ceramic fibers is usually 1 to 35% by volume, preferably 5 to 30% by volume in the friction material.
  • Examples of the lubricant include graphite, phosphate-coated graphite, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), tin sulfide, molybdenum disulfide, iron sulfide, zinc sulfide, and antimony trisulfide.
  • the content of the entire lubricant is preferably 15% by volume or less in the friction material.
  • Phosphate-coated graphite is obtained by coating graphite used as a solid lubricant with phosphate.
  • graphite used as a solid lubricant
  • phosphate phosphate
  • the metal constituting the salt is preferably a metal belonging to Group 1, 2, 12, or 13 of the periodic table (long period type).
  • Na and K belonging to Group 1, Mg belonging to Group 2, Zn belonging to Group 12, Al belonging to Group 13, and the like can be preferably exemplified.
  • These phosphates are preferably hydrogen phosphates from the viewpoint of water solubility and pH.
  • the content of phosphate-coated graphite in the friction material is preferably 1 to 9% by volume, more preferably 1 to 6% by volume from the viewpoint of obtaining an appropriate transfer layer thickness.
  • the content of the entire lubricant is usually 1 to 15% by volume in the friction material.
  • the friction material according to the present invention can be produced by blending the above-described components, pre-molding the blend according to a normal production method, and performing treatments such as thermoforming, heating, and polishing.
  • a brake pad provided with the friction material can be manufactured by the following steps (1) to (4).
  • (1) A step of forming a steel plate (pressure plate) into a predetermined shape by a sheet metal press.
  • (2) A step of applying a degreasing treatment, a chemical conversion treatment and a primer treatment to a steel sheet formed into a predetermined shape and applying an adhesive.
  • the pressure plate having undergone the steps (1) and (2) and the preform of the friction material are thermoformed at a predetermined temperature and pressure in the thermoforming step, and the two members are fixed together.
  • Process. (4) A process in which after-curing is performed, and finally finishing treatment such as polishing, surface baking, and painting is performed.
  • Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 The blending material of the friction material was uniformly mixed by a mixer according to the blending composition (volume%) shown in Table 1 to obtain a friction material mixture. Subsequently, the friction material mixture was preformed at room temperature and a pressure of 20 MPa for 10 seconds. The preformed product after molding was put into a thermoforming mold, a metal plate (pressure plate: P / P) previously coated with an adhesive was stacked, and heat compression molding was performed at a temperature of 150 ° C. and a molding surface pressure of 40 MPa for 5 minutes. .
  • This heat compression molded body is heat-treated at a temperature of 150 to 300 ° C. for 1 to 4 hours, and polished and coated to a predetermined thickness, so that the brake including the friction material according to Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 is obtained. I got a pad.
  • lithium potassium titanate layered and scale-like TERRACESS L-SS (manufactured by Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd.) was used.
  • potassium magnesium titanate layered and scale-like TERRACESS P-SS (manufactured by Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd.) was used.
  • potassium titanate fibrous TISMO D (manufactured by Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd.) and TERRACESS JP (manufactured by Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd.) having a plurality of convex portions were used.
  • the ceramic fiber As the ceramic fiber, a SiO 2 —MgO—SrO-based biosoluble fiber (Biostar 200/50, manufactured by ITM Co., Ltd.) having a shot content of 60% was used.
  • Phosphate-coated graphite was obtained by the following procedure.
  • Aluminum dihydrogen phosphate was dissolved in pure water to prepare an aqueous solution having a concentration of 1% by mass.
  • 42 parts by mass of artificial graphite (Tokai Carbon Co., Ltd., G152A (trade name), average particle size 700 ⁇ m) is added, and a rotary blade type agitator (manufactured by ASONE, PM-203 (model name)).
  • the mixture was stirred at a temperature of 50 ° C. for 1 hour.
  • the obtained mixture was dried in the air for 24 hours, crushed, and then heat-treated at 800 ° C. for 3 hours in a vacuum. After the heat treatment, the powder was pulverized in a mortar to obtain graphite powder (phosphate-coated graphite) whose particle surface was coated with aluminum dihydrogen phosphate.
  • the method for evaluating the friction characteristics of the obtained brake pad is shown below.
  • the friction characteristics were evaluated using a 1/7 scale tester. The initial speed was fixed at 50 km / h and the deceleration was fixed at 2.94 m / s 2. After 200 times of rubbing, braking was performed 500 times at 300 ° C., 500 times braking at 400 ° C., and 500 times braking at 500 ° C. The average amount of wear after braking at 400 ° C. and 500 ° C. and the coefficient of friction ⁇ after braking at 500 ° C. were determined. The amount of wear was converted to 1000 braking equivalents. The results are shown in Table 1. The disk rotor material used was equivalent to FC250.
  • 500 ° C. wear evaluation refers to the pad wear amount at 500 ° C., based on the result of Comparative Example 1, ⁇ 30% or less: ⁇ , greater than ⁇ 30% but ⁇ 10% or less: ⁇ , More than ⁇ 10% and less than + 10%: ⁇ , + 10% or more: x.
  • 500 ° C. performance evaluation indicates the case where the average of the friction coefficient ⁇ at 500 ° C. is 0.4 or more, and the case where the average is less than 0.4.
  • the brake pad including the friction material according to Comparative Example 1 contains copper fiber, and the composition is equivalent to the composition generally used conventionally as a friction material of NAO (Non-Asbestos Organic) material.
  • NAO Non-Asbestos Organic
  • the amount of pad wear at 500 ° C. is remarkably increased to + 58% (denoted as “X” in the table) compared with Comparative Example 1. This is presumably because an adhesive film made of copper is not formed on the counterpart material.
  • Comparative Example 3 even when only phosphate-coated graphite, which is considered to form a transfer film on the counterpart material, was added, the amount of wear at 500 ° C. was + 35% compared to Comparative Example 1 (indicated as x in the table). And still big.
  • Example 7 by adding magnesium potassium titanate in addition to potassium titanate, the wear amount at 500 ° C. was ⁇ 32% (denoted by “ ⁇ ” in the table) with respect to Comparative Example 1. , Found to be significantly improved. Further, from Examples 1 to 6 and 8, the amount of pad wear at 500 ° C. is significantly improved as compared with Comparative Example 1 by adding lithium potassium titanate in addition to potassium titanate. At this time, as shown in Examples 1 to 3, even when the blending ratio of graphite as a lubricant and phosphate-coated graphite and the content of ceramic fiber were changed, good friction coefficient and wear characteristics were obtained.
  • the friction material contains two or more different titanates and ceramic fibers, thereby preventing a decrease in the coefficient of friction at high temperatures and providing good wear resistance even when an adhesive film is not formed by a copper component. It was found that sex was obtained. This is because a transfer film is formed on the counterpart material with two or more different titanates, and a good friction coefficient can be obtained, and the transfer film is appropriately ground by the ceramic fibers. It is considered that the thickness becomes moderate and good wear resistance can be obtained. Therefore, according to this invention, it turned out that the outstanding friction material which shows the performance equivalent to or more than the conventional friction material containing a copper component is obtained.
  • the friction material according to the present invention is a friction material having a low environmental load because it does not contain a copper component. In addition, it contains two or more different titanates and ceramic fibers even though it does not contain a copper component, so it has excellent friction coefficient and wear resistance equivalent to or higher than those of conventional products at high temperatures. It becomes a friction material. Therefore, the friction material according to the present invention is particularly useful when applied to brake pads, brake linings, clutches, etc. used in automobiles, railway vehicles, industrial machines, etc., and its technical significance is extremely large. .

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

 本発明は銅成分を含まない摩擦材であって、高温での高い摩擦係数と耐摩耗性に優れた摩擦材を提供することを目的とする。本発明は2種以上のチタン酸塩とセラミック繊維とを含有し、かつ銅成分を含まない摩擦材に関する。

Description

摩擦材
 本発明は、銅成分を含まない摩擦材に関し、特に自動車、鉄道車両、産業機械等のブレーキパッドまたはブレーキライニング、クラッチ等に用いられる摩擦材に関する。
 ディスクブレーキやドラムブレーキなどのブレーキ、或いはクラッチなどに使用される摩擦材は、補強作用をする繊維基材、摩擦作用を与え、且つ、その摩擦性能を調整する摩擦調整材、及び、これらの成分を一体化する結合材などの原材料からなっている。
 昨今の車両の高性能化、高速化に伴い、ブレーキの役割は益々過酷なものとなってきており、十分に高い摩擦係数(効き)を有することが必要である。さらに高速からの制動時には高温となることから、低温低速での制動時とは摩擦状態が異なり、温度変化による摩擦係数の変化が少ない、安定した摩擦特性が求められている。
 現在、一般的な摩擦材に金属繊維を適量含有することは、摩擦材の強度補強や摩擦係数の安定化、さらには高温における摩擦係数の維持や放熱効率の向上、耐摩耗性向上等に有効であることが知られている。この金属繊維の特性に着目し、スチール繊維を5~10質量%、平均繊維長が2~3mmの銅繊維を5~10質量%、および粒径が5~75μmの亜鉛粉を2~5質量%含有した摩擦材が特許文献1に開示されている。
 特許文献1によれば、摩擦材は銅繊維を所定量の範囲で含有すると、低温での摩擦係数の向上を図ることができ、高温高速時の摩擦係数の低下を抑制することができる。これは、摩擦材と相手材(ディスクロータ)との摩擦時に、銅の展延性によって相手材表面に凝着被膜が形成し、この被膜が保護膜として作用することで、高温での高い摩擦係数を維持し、相手材の摩耗を抑制することができるものと考えられる。
 しかしながら、ディスクロータの摩耗粉やブレーキパッドの摩擦材に含まれる金属成分が摩擦材に食い込み、そこで凝集して大きな金属塊となってブレーキパッドとディスクロータの間に留まってしまう場合がある。このように凝集した金属塊は、ブレーキパッドやディスクロータを異常摩耗させることがある(特許文献2)。
 現在、摩擦材に含まれる金属成分は主にスチール繊維や銅繊維といった金属繊維が多く、これらの繊維を多量に含有した場合、上述のディスクロータの異常摩耗を引き起こすおそれがある。
 また、摩擦材中に含まれる銅成分は、ブレーキ制動により摩耗粉として放出されることから、自然環境への影響が指摘されている。
 そこで特許文献3では、摩擦材中の銅成分の溶出を抑制する方法が開示されている。
日本国特開2010-77341号公報 日本国特開2007-218395号公報 日本国特開2010-285558号公報
 上述のように、相手材(ディスクロータ)の異常摩耗の防止および環境低負荷を目的として、銅成分を含まない摩擦材や銅成分の溶出を抑制した摩擦材等が種々検討されている。しかしながら、銅成分を含まない摩擦材は、銅の展延性による凝着被膜(保護膜)ができず、高温での摩擦係数が低下したり、摩耗量が大きいなどの課題があった。
 そこで、銅の凝着被膜の代替効果を狙って、多量のチタン酸塩を摩擦材に使用すると、移着被膜が相手材に形成される。しかしながら、チタン酸塩単独では、形成される移着被膜が厚くなりすぎて、制動時に被膜に亀裂が入り部分的に剥離するためにブレーキパッドとディスクロータの接触が安定せず、摩擦材の摩擦係数が不安定となり、摩耗量が大きくなるおそれがあることから、改善の余地があった。
 そこで本発明では、銅成分を含まない摩擦材であって、高温での高い摩擦係数と耐摩耗性に優れた摩擦材を提供することを目的とする。
 本発明者らは、銅成分を含まない摩擦材であって、移着被膜を形成するチタン酸塩に加えて、さらに異なる種類のチタン酸塩及びセラミック繊維を組み合わせて用いることで、高温での高い摩擦係数と耐摩耗性に優れた摩擦材を得ることができることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
 なお本願明細書で、「銅成分を含まない」とは、銅繊維、銅粉、並びに銅を含んだ合金(真鍮又は青銅等)及び化合物のいずれも、摩擦材の原材料として配合していないことを言う。なお、環境負荷の観点から不純物として混入する銅成分は0.5質量%以下であることが好ましい。
 すなわち本発明は、上記課題を解決するものであり、下記[1]~[8]に関するものである。
[1] 2種以上のチタン酸塩とセラミック繊維とを含有し、かつ銅成分を含まない摩擦材。
[2] 前記2種以上のチタン酸塩が2種以上のチタン酸アルカリ金属塩を含有する、前記[1]に記載の摩擦材。
[3] 前記2種以上のチタン酸塩がチタン酸アルカリ土類金属・アルカリ金属塩とチタン酸アルカリ金属塩とを含有する、前記[1]に記載の摩擦材。
[4] 前記2種以上のチタン酸塩がチタン酸リチウムカリウムとチタン酸カリウムとを含有する、前記[1]又は[2]に記載の摩擦材。
[5] 前記2種以上のチタン酸塩がチタン酸マグネシウムカリウムとチタン酸カリウムとを含有する、前記[1]又は[3]に記載の摩擦材。
[6] 前記セラミック繊維の繊維径が0.1~10μm、繊維長が1~1000μm、かつショット含有量が0.1~70質量%である、前記[1]~[5]のいずれか1に記載の摩擦材。
[7] 前記2種以上のチタン酸塩の摩擦材における含有量が合計で3~40体積%である、前記[1]~[6]のいずれか1に記載の摩擦材。
[8] 前記セラミック繊維の摩擦材における含有量が1~6体積%である、前記[1]~[7]のいずれか1に記載の摩擦材。
 本発明によれば、銅成分による凝着被膜の代わりに形成された、チタン酸塩による移着被膜の移着の程度を、異なる種類のチタン酸塩によって制御することができ、さらにセラミック繊維によって、該移着被膜を適度な厚みに研削することができる。これらにより、銅成分を含んでいなくても、高温における高い摩擦係数と耐摩耗性を有する摩擦材を得ることができる。
 本発明に係る摩擦材は、2種以上のチタン酸塩とセラミック繊維とを含有し、かつ銅成分を含まないことを特徴とする。
 ここで、本明細書において“質量%”と“重量%”及び“質量部”と“重量部”とは、それぞれ同義である。
<摩擦材>
 摩擦材とは一般的に、結合材、摩擦調整材、繊維基材及び潤滑材を含み、前記摩擦調整材として、有機充填材や無機充填材等の充填材、研削材、金属粉等を含有する。
 本発明におけるチタン酸塩は充填材として用いられ、セラミック繊維は繊維基材として用いられる。
<チタン酸塩>
 本発明に係る摩擦材は、2種以上のチタン酸塩を含有することを特徴とする。チタン酸塩としては、移着の程度を制御する目的で2種以上を使用することが好ましい。
 2種以上のチタン酸塩のうち、少なくともひとつは、チタン酸アルカリ金属塩やチタン酸アルカリ土類金属・アルカリ金属塩等が挙げられる。より具体的には、チタン酸リチウムカリウムやチタン酸マグネシウムカリウム等が好ましい。
 中でも、鱗片状(層状)、柱状、板状又は扁平状と呼ばれる形状が、好ましく、これらの形状を有するチタン酸リチウムカリウム又はチタン酸マグネシウムカリウムがより好ましい。また、効力安定化の点から、形状は層状であることがさらに好ましい。
 チタン酸リチウムカリウムの分子式は、KLiTiにおいてx=0.5~0.7、y=0.27、z=1.73、w=3.85~3.95などを使用することができる。
 チタン酸マグネシウムカリウムの分子式は、KMgTiにおいてx=0.2~0.7、y=0.4、z=1.6、w=3.7~3.95などを使用することができる。
 移着被膜形成の程度を制御する、もう一方のチタン酸塩としては、チタン酸アルカリ金属塩等が挙げられる。より具体的には、チタン酸カリウム、チタン酸リチウム、チタン酸ナトリウム等が好ましい。
 中でも、繊維状、球状、粉状、不定形状又は複数の凸部形状のチタン酸塩が、前記鱗片状(層状)、柱状、板状又は扁平状のチタン酸塩と形状が異なることから好ましく、これらの形状を有するチタン酸カリウムがより好ましく用いられる。中でも、複数の凸部形状のチタン酸塩は耐摩耗性の点からより好ましい。
 なお本明細書において、複数の凸部形状とは、チタン酸塩の平面への投影形状が少なくとも通常の多角形、円、楕円等とは異なり、2方向以上に凸部を有する形状を取りうるものであることを意味する。
 凸部とは、光学乃至電子顕微鏡等による写真(投影図)に多角形、円、楕円等(基本図形)を当てはめ、それに対して突出した部分に対応する部分を言う。複数の凸部形状を有するチタン酸塩の具体的3次元形状としては、その投影図が、ブーメラン状、十字架状、アメーバ状、種々の動植物の部分(例えば、手、角、葉等)又はその全体形状、あるいはそれらの類似形状、金平糖状等が挙げられる。
 以上より、本発明における2種以上のチタン酸塩は、2種以上のチタン酸アルカリ金属塩を含有すること、又は、チタン酸アルカリ土類金属・アルカリ金属塩とチタン酸アルカリ金属塩とを含有することが好ましい。より具体的には、チタン酸リチウムカリウムとチタン酸カリウム、又は、チタン酸マグネシウムカリウムとチタン酸カリウムとを含有することが特に好ましい。
 本発明における2種以上のチタン酸塩は結晶質でも非晶質でもよい。また、摩擦材の強度を向上させるという観点から、チタン酸塩の表面にシランカップリング剤等により表面処理が施されていてもよい。
 鱗片状(層状)、柱状、板状又は扁平状のチタン酸塩の摩擦材全体における含有量は、2~30体積%であることが効力の安定化、フェードの摩擦係数の低下の防止といった、フェード特性向上の点から好ましく、2~25体積%がより好ましい。
 繊維状、球状、粉状、不定形状又は複数の凸部形状のチタン酸塩の摩擦材全体における含有量は、1~25体積%であることが耐摩耗性の点から好ましく、1~20体積%がより好ましい。
 チタン酸塩の摩擦材における合計の含有量は、3~40体積%であることが耐摩耗性の点から好ましく、3~30体積%がより好ましい。
<セラミック繊維>
 移着被膜による凝着作用の補強効果を狙って、先述したチタン酸塩を多量に使用すると、形成される移着被膜の膜厚が厚くなりすぎる。厚すぎる被膜は亀裂やひび等が生じやすくなり、該亀裂等が引き金となって部分的に剥離しやすくなる。被膜が剥離すると、摩擦材(ブレーキパッド)と相手材(ディスクロータ)との接触が安定せず、効き(摩擦係数)が不安定となり、耐摩耗性が悪化するおそれがある。
 一方、研削材が硬すぎて、移着被膜を削りすぎると、鳴き等が発生するおそれがある。そのため、本発明では移着被膜を適度な厚みに削るマイルドな研削材として、セラミック繊維を用いる。中でも、ショット(粒状物)を含むセラミック繊維がより好ましく用いられる。
 本発明において、セラミック繊維とは無機繊維の一種であり、人体内に取り込まれた場合でも短時間で分解され体外に排出される特徴を有する生体溶解性のものと、生体非溶解性のものがある。
 生体溶解性無機繊維とは、その化学組成においてアルカリ金属酸化物およびアルカリ土類金属酸化物の総量(ナトリウム、カリウム、カルシウム、マグネシウム、バリウムの酸化物の総量)が18質量%以上であり、かつ、呼吸による短期バイオ永続性試験において20μm以下の繊維の質量半減期が10日以内である若しくは気管内注入時の短期バイオ永続性試験において20μm以上の繊維の質量半減期が40日以内である、又は腹膜内試験において過度の発癌性の証拠が無い、又は長期呼吸試験において関連の病原性や腫瘍発生が無いことを満たす無機繊維を意味する(EU指令97/69/ECのNote Q(発癌性適用除外))。
 このような生体溶解性無機繊維は、化学組成として、SiO、MgO及びSrOからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種を含むものが好ましく、具体的にはSiO-CaO-MgO系繊維、SiO-CaO系繊維、SiO-MgO系繊維、SiO-MgO-SrO系繊維等の生体溶解性セラミック繊維やSiO-CaO-MgO-Al系繊維等の生体溶解性ロックウール等が挙げられる。
 本発明において使用するセラミック繊維は、アルミナシリカ繊維と同等の優れた耐熱性を有し、さらに優れた生体溶解性及び耐水性を有する点で、生体溶解性セラミック繊維であるSiO-MgO-SrO系繊維が好ましい。また、これらの生体溶解性無機繊維は、無機繊維の原料を一般に使用される溶融紡糸法等により繊維化して製造される。
 SiO-CaO-MgO系繊維、SiO-CaO-MgO-Al系繊維、SiO-MgO-SrO系繊維等の生体溶解性ロックウールや生体溶解性セラミック繊維としては、市販のRB220-Roxul1000(ラピナス社製)、ファインフレックス-E バルクファイバーT(ニチアス社製)、BIOSTARバルクファイバー(ITM社製)等が使用可能である。
 生体非溶解性セラミック繊維としてはAl-SiO系繊維、Al-ZrO-SiO系繊維、Al系繊維、ムライト系繊維等が挙げられる。
 セラミック繊維は繊維径0.1~10μm、繊維長1~1000μmであることが好ましく、繊維径0.2~6μm、繊維長10~850μmであることが更に好ましい。この範囲であれば、本発明の効果を有効に発揮することができる。
 繊維径及び繊維長は、それぞれJIS A9504により測定することができる。
 また、本発明で用いることのできるセラミック繊維は一般に、製造過程で繊維にならなかったショット(粒状物)が繊維中に含まれている。これらのショット含有量は繊維基材中0.1~70質量%であることが好ましい。ショット含有量が上記範囲よりも多いと、相手材への攻撃性が増大する。一方ショット含有量が上記範囲よりも少ないと相手材のクリーニング効果が期待できなくなる。
 なお、セラミック繊維とショットを製造過程で分離し、任意の比率で配合して使用することも可能である。また、セラミック繊維は、その表面にシランカップリング剤等により表面処理が施されていてもよい。
 本発明において、セラミック繊維はロータ攻撃性の点から摩擦材全体中、通常、1~6体積%、好ましくは1~3体積%用いられる。
<その他の成分>
 本発明に係る摩擦材に含まれるその他の成分として、結合材、摩擦調整材(充填材、研削材、金属粉)、繊維基材及び潤滑材について以下に述べる。
(結合材)
 結合材としては通常用いられる結合材が含まれていればよい。
 具体的には、フェノール樹脂(ストレートフェノール樹脂、各種変性フェノール樹脂を含む)、エラストマー変性フェノール樹脂、メラミン樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂等の熱硬化性樹脂を挙げることができる。なお、各種変性フェノール樹脂には炭化水素樹脂変性フェノール樹脂、エポキシ変性フェノール樹脂等が挙げられる。
 エラストマー変性フェノール樹脂において、フェノール樹脂を変性させるエラストマーはフェノール樹脂に可塑性を与えるものであればよく、架橋した天然ゴムや合成ゴムが例示される。
 フェノール樹脂を変性させるエラストマーとしては、アクリルゴム、シリコーンゴム等が好ましく用いられる。
 エラストマー変性フェノール樹脂は摩擦材全体中に10~30体積%含有することが好ましく、10~25体積%含有することが更に好ましい。この範囲であれば、金属成分由来の凝着被膜が無くても、低温での摩擦係数の安定化を図ることができる。
 なお、本発明において、結合材は摩擦材全体中、通常は10~30体積%、好ましくは10~25体積%用いられる。
(摩擦調整材:充填材)
 充填材として有機充填材やチタン酸塩以外の無機充填材を含むことができる。有機充填材としては、例えば、アクリルニトリルブタジエンゴム(NBR)、スチレンブタジエンゴム(SBR)、ブタジエンゴム(BR)等からなる各種ゴムやタイヤトレッド、ゴムダスト、カシューダストなどの有機物ダスト等が挙げられる。
 チタン酸塩以外の無機充填材としては、例えば、バーミキュライト、マイカ、水酸化カルシウム、硫酸バリウム、炭酸カルシウム等が挙げられる。
 有機充填材の含有量は、摩擦材中1~20体積%であることが好ましい。無機充填材の含有量はチタン酸塩を含めて、摩擦材中1~70体積%であることが好ましい。
(摩擦調整材:研削材)
 研削材の粒径は小さいほどマイルドな研削材となるが、小さすぎると研削材としての役目を果たさなくなる。一方、粒径が大きいほど相手材を研削して摩擦係数を向上させるが、大きすぎると相手材を過剰に研削する。研削材の種類や形状、モース硬度に応じて、粒径や含有量を調整することが必要である。
 研削材としては例えば、アルミナ、シリカ、シリコンカーバイド、ムライト、酸化ジルコニウム、珪酸ジルコニウム、四三酸化鉄、マグネシア、クロマイト等を挙げることができる。
 研削材全体の含有量は、摩擦材中通常1~9体積%である。
(摩擦調整材:金属粉)
 金属粉としては、亜鉛、鉄、スズ、アルミニウム、Fe-Al金属間化合物等の銅以外の金属を使用することができる。金属粉の含有量は合計で、摩擦材中通常0.5~3体積%である。
(繊維基材)
 繊維基材としては、有機繊維として、芳香族ポリアミド(アラミド)繊維、セルロース繊維、ポリアクリル系繊維等が挙げられる。
 また、セラミック繊維以外の無機繊維としては、ガラス繊維、炭素繊維、ロックウール等が挙げられる。
 金属繊維としては、スチール、アルミニウム、亜鉛、錫および錫合金、ステンレス等の繊維が挙げられる。
 セラミック繊維も含んだ繊維基材全体の含有量は、摩擦材中通常1~35体積%であり、好ましくは5~30体積%である。
(潤滑材)
 潤滑材としては、黒鉛、リン酸塩被覆黒鉛、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)、硫化スズ、二硫化モリブデン、硫化鉄、硫化亜鉛、三硫化アンチモン等が挙げられる。 潤滑材全体の含有量は摩擦材中通常15体積%以下が好ましい。
 リン酸塩被覆黒鉛は、固体潤滑材として用いられる黒鉛をリン酸塩で被覆したものである。リン酸塩で黒鉛を被覆することにより、高温時のロータへの移着を高め、ロータ摩耗量を低減することができる。
 黒鉛を被覆するリン酸塩としては、その塩を構成する金属が、周期表(長周期型)の1族、2族、12族または13族に属する金属であることが好ましい。具体的には1族に属するNa、K;2族に属するMg;12族に属するZn;13族に属するAl;などを好ましく挙げることができる。具体的には、リン酸アルミニウム類、リン酸マグネシウム類、リン酸カルシウム類、リン酸カリウム類、リン酸ナトリウム類およびリン酸亜鉛類からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種を用いることが好ましい。これらのリン酸塩は、水溶性やpHなどの観点から、リン酸水素塩が好ましい。
 リン酸塩を用いて黒鉛を被覆する方法については、例えば日本国特開2011-102381号公報に記載の公知の方法を用いることができる。
 摩擦材におけるリン酸塩被覆黒鉛の含有量は適切な移着層の厚みを得る観点から1~9体積%であることが好ましく、1~6体積%がより好ましい。
 潤滑材全体の含有量は摩擦材中通常1~15体積%である。
 上記に摩擦材に含まれていてもよい各種成分を例示したが、成分各々において、1種を用いても、複数を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
<摩擦材の製造方法>
 本発明に係る摩擦材を製造するには、上記各成分を配合し、その配合物を通常の製法に従って予備成形し、熱成形、加熱、研摩等の処理を施すことにより製造することができる。上記摩擦材を備えたブレーキパッドは、以下の工程(1)~(4)により製造することができる。
(1)鋼板(プレッシャプレート)を板金プレスにより所定の形状に成形する工程。
(2)所定の形状に成形された鋼板に脱脂処理、化成処理及びプライマー処理を施し、接着剤を塗布する工程。
(3)上記(1)および(2)の工程を経たプレッシャプレートと、上記摩擦材の予備成形体とを、熱成形工程において所定の温度及び圧力で熱成形して両部材を一体に固着する工程。
(4)その後アフタキュアを行い、最終的に研摩や表面焼き、塗装等の仕上げ処理を施す工程。
 以下、実施例により本発明を具体的に説明する。ただし、本発明はこれらの実施例のみに限定されるものではない。
<実施例1~8および比較例1~4>
 摩擦材の配合材料を表1に示す配合組成(体積%)に従って混合機にて均一に混合し、摩擦材混合物を得た。続いて摩擦材混合物を常温、圧力20MPaで10秒間予備成形した。成形後の予備成形品を熱成形型に投入し、予め接着剤を塗布した金属板(プレッシャープレート:P/P)を重ね、温度150℃、成形面圧40MPaで5分間加熱圧縮成形を行った。この加熱圧縮成形体に対し、温度150~300℃で1~4時間熱処理し、所定の厚みに研摩・塗装することで、実施例1~8及び比較例1~4に係る摩擦材を含むブレーキパッドを得た。
 チタン酸リチウムカリウムは層状・鱗片状のTERRACESS L-SS(大塚化学株式会社製)を用いた。チタン酸マグネシウムカリウムは層状・鱗片状のTERRACESS P-SS(大塚化学株式会社製)を用いた。チタン酸カリウムは繊維状のTISMO D(大塚化学株式会社製)と複数の凸部形状のTERRACESS JP(大塚化学株式会社製)とをそれぞれ用いた。
 セラミック繊維は、ショット含有量60%のSiO-MgO-SrO系の生体溶解性繊維(株式会社ITM社製、Biostar200/50)を用いた。
 リン酸塩被覆黒鉛は以下の手順により得た。
 リン酸二水素アルミニウムを純水に溶解し、濃度1質量%の水溶液を調製した。この水溶液100質量部に対し、人造黒鉛(東海カーボン社製、G152A(商品名)、平均粒径700μm)42質量部を加え、回転翼式攪拌機(アズワン社製、PM-203(機種名))により、温度50℃にて1時間攪拌した。
 得られた混合物を大気中で24時間乾燥後、解砕したのち、真空中で800℃にて3時間熱処理を行った。熱処理後、乳鉢にて粉砕し、粒子表面がリン酸二水素アルミニウムで被覆された黒鉛粉末(リン酸塩被覆黒鉛)を得た。
 得られたブレーキパッドの摩擦特性評価方法を以下に示す。
 JASO C427(温度別摩耗試験)に準拠し、1/7スケールテスタを用いて摩擦特性の評価を行った。初速度を50km/h、減速度を2.94m/sに固定し、200回すり合わせた後、300℃で500回制動、400℃で500回制動、500℃で500回制動を行った。400℃及び500℃での制動後の摩耗量、並びに500℃での制動後の摩擦係数μの平均を求めた。なお、摩耗量は1000回制動相当に換算した。結果を表1に表す。ディスクロータ材にはFC250相当を用いた。
 なお表1中、「500℃摩耗評価」とは、500℃におけるパッド摩耗量について、比較例1の結果を基準とし、-30%以下:◎、-30%より大きく-10%以下:○、-10%より大きく+10%未満:△、+10%以上:×としている。
 「500℃性能評価」とは、500℃での摩擦係数μの平均が0.4以上である場合を○、0.4未満である場合を×と表記している。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
 比較例1に係る摩擦材を含むブレーキパッドは銅繊維を含有しており、配合組成はNAO(Non-Asbestos Organic)材の摩擦材として従来一般的に用いられる配合組成に相当するものである。銅繊維を配合しない比較例2に係る摩擦材を含むブレーキパッドでは、500℃におけるパッド摩耗量が、比較例1と比べて+58%(表中、×と記載。)と著しく増大する。これは、相手材に銅による凝着被膜が形成されないためであると考えられる。また、比較例3において、相手材に移着被膜を形成すると考えられるリン酸塩被覆黒鉛のみを添加しても、比較例1と比べると500℃摩耗量が+35%(表中、×と記載。)と、依然として大きい。
 しかしながら、実施例7において、チタン酸カリウムに加えて、チタン酸マグネシウムカリウムを添加することにより、500℃における摩耗量が、比較例1に対して-32%(表中、◎と記載。)と、大幅に改善されることが分かった。さらに、実施例1~6及び8より、チタン酸カリウムに加えてチタン酸リチウムカリウムを添加することによっても、500℃におけるパッド摩耗量が、比較例1に比べて大幅に改善される。このとき、実施例1~3に示すように、潤滑材である黒鉛とリン酸塩被覆黒鉛の配合割合及びセラミック繊維の含有量を変えても、良好な摩擦係数及び摩耗特性が得られた。
 さらに、実施例2及び4~8の結果より、2種類の異なるチタン酸塩が含まれていれば、チタン酸塩の種類、摩擦材全体における配合量や、2種のチタン酸塩の配合割合に関わらず、本発明の効果が得られることが分かった。
 以上より、摩擦材は、2種以上の異なるチタン酸塩とセラミック繊維とを含むことにより、銅成分による凝着被膜が形成されなくても、高温における摩擦係数の低下を防ぎ、良好な耐摩耗性が得られることが分かった。これは、2種以上の異なるチタン酸塩によって相手材に移着被膜が形成されることで良好な摩擦係数を得ることができ、また、該移着被膜がセラミック繊維によって適度に研削されることで適度な厚さとなり、良好な耐摩耗性が得られるようになるものと考えられる。そのため、本発明によれば、銅成分を含む従来の摩擦材と同等またはそれ以上の性能を示す、優れた摩擦材が得られることが分かった。
 本発明を詳細にまた特定の実施態様を参照して説明したが、本発明の精神と範囲を逸脱することなく様々な変更や修正を加えることができることは当業者にとって明らかである。本出願は2013年9月17日出願の日本特許出願(特願2013-192144)に基づくものであり、その内容はここに参照として取り込まれる。
 本発明に係る摩擦材は、銅成分を含まないことから環境低負荷な摩擦材である。また、銅成分を含まないにも関わらず、2種以上の異なるチタン酸塩及びセラミック繊維を含有することにより、高温において、従来と同等かそれ以上の良好な摩擦係数及び耐摩耗性に優れた摩擦材となる。したがって、本発明に係る摩擦材は、自動車、鉄道車両、産業機械等に使用されるブレーキパッドやブレーキライニング、クラッチ等へ適用することは特に有用であり、その技術的意義は極めて大きなものである。

Claims (8)

  1.  2種以上のチタン酸塩とセラミック繊維とを含有し、かつ銅成分を含まない摩擦材。
  2.  前記2種以上のチタン酸塩が2種以上のチタン酸アルカリ金属塩を含有する、請求項1に記載の摩擦材。
  3.  前記2種以上のチタン酸塩がチタン酸アルカリ土類金属・アルカリ金属塩とチタン酸アルカリ金属塩とを含有する、請求項1に記載の摩擦材。
  4.  前記2種以上のチタン酸塩がチタン酸リチウムカリウムとチタン酸カリウムとを含有する、請求項1又は2に記載の摩擦材。
  5.  前記2種以上のチタン酸塩がチタン酸マグネシウムカリウムとチタン酸カリウムとを含有する、請求項1又は3に記載の摩擦材。
  6.  前記セラミック繊維の繊維径が0.1~10μm、繊維長が1~1000μm、かつショット含有量が0.1~70質量%である、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の摩擦材。
  7.  前記2種以上のチタン酸塩の摩擦材における含有量が合計で3~40体積%である、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の摩擦材。
  8.  前記セラミック繊維の摩擦材における含有量が1~6体積%である、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の摩擦材。
PCT/JP2014/074548 2013-09-17 2014-09-17 摩擦材 WO2015041244A1 (ja)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201480051357.0A CN105555900B (zh) 2013-09-17 2014-09-17 摩擦材料
EP14845206.3A EP3048153B2 (en) 2013-09-17 2014-09-17 Friction material
US15/021,711 US9914667B2 (en) 2013-09-17 2014-09-17 Friction material

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2013-192144 2013-09-17
JP2013192144A JP6304984B2 (ja) 2013-09-17 2013-09-17 摩擦材

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2015041244A1 true WO2015041244A1 (ja) 2015-03-26

Family

ID=52688891

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/JP2014/074548 WO2015041244A1 (ja) 2013-09-17 2014-09-17 摩擦材

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US9914667B2 (ja)
EP (1) EP3048153B2 (ja)
JP (1) JP6304984B2 (ja)
CN (1) CN105555900B (ja)
WO (1) WO2015041244A1 (ja)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104963976A (zh) * 2015-06-25 2015-10-07 海安县东洋通达汽车配件有限公司 高耐磨刹车片
CN105670564A (zh) * 2016-01-08 2016-06-15 北京天宜上佳新材料有限公司 一种无铜摩擦材料及刹车片
CN106085356A (zh) * 2015-04-27 2016-11-09 曙制动器工业株式会社 摩擦材料组合物、摩擦材料及其制造方法
WO2019130941A1 (ja) * 2017-12-26 2019-07-04 株式会社クボタ 複合チタン酸化合物、複合チタン酸化合物の製造方法、及び摩擦材

Families Citing this family (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP6425894B2 (ja) * 2014-02-10 2018-11-21 日本ブレーキ工業株式会社 摩擦材組成物、摩擦材組成物を用いた摩擦材及び摩擦部材
JP2016160299A (ja) * 2015-02-27 2016-09-05 株式会社アドヴィックス 非石綿系摩擦材
US10233988B2 (en) 2015-09-23 2019-03-19 Akebono Brake Industry Co., Ltd Friction material
CN108137341B (zh) * 2015-09-24 2020-03-31 大塚化学株式会社 多孔质钛酸盐化合物颗粒及其制造方法
JP2017160402A (ja) * 2016-03-11 2017-09-14 株式会社エコ・アール 摩擦材
US10843933B2 (en) 2017-03-08 2020-11-24 Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd. Friction material composition, friction material, and friction member
CN107129794A (zh) * 2017-06-12 2017-09-05 太仓捷公精密金属材料有限公司 一种无铜陶瓷基摩擦材料及其制备方法
CN107163913A (zh) * 2017-06-12 2017-09-15 太仓捷公精密金属材料有限公司 一种用酚醛树脂改性无金属陶瓷摩擦材料
CN107760067B (zh) * 2017-09-07 2021-02-09 浙江宝晟铁路新材料科技有限公司 基于无机粘接剂的火车车轮踏面摩擦控制剂配方及制备
CN108180237A (zh) * 2017-12-27 2018-06-19 重庆红宇摩擦制品有限公司 能降低蠕动噪音的摩擦材料及其制备方法
JP6568612B2 (ja) * 2018-03-05 2019-08-28 曙ブレーキ工業株式会社 摩擦材
JP7401233B2 (ja) * 2018-10-31 2023-12-19 曙ブレーキ工業株式会社 焼結摩擦材及び焼結摩擦材の製造方法
US12066071B2 (en) 2018-10-31 2024-08-20 Akebono Brake Industry Co., Ltd. Sintered friction material and method for producing sintered friction material
CN109437845B (zh) * 2018-12-25 2021-06-01 佛山科学技术学院 一种防滑耐磨陶瓷及其制备方法
CN109437844B (zh) * 2018-12-25 2021-09-28 佛山科学技术学院 一种长久抗菌、耐磨陶瓷及其制备方法
DE102019107915B4 (de) * 2019-03-27 2022-11-03 Tmd Friction Services Gmbh Verwendung von Aluminiumlegierungen zum Korrosionsschutz in Reibbelägen
JP7372111B2 (ja) * 2019-10-25 2023-10-31 曙ブレーキ工業株式会社 摩擦材
JP2020050881A (ja) * 2019-12-02 2020-04-02 日本ブレーキ工業株式会社 摩擦材組成物、摩擦材組成物を用いた摩擦材及び摩擦部材
JP7016996B1 (ja) * 2020-08-04 2022-02-07 大塚化学株式会社 摩擦調整材、摩擦材組成物、摩擦材、及び摩擦部材
EP4194404A4 (en) 2020-08-04 2024-08-28 Otsuka Chemical Co Ltd FRICTION CONTROL MATERIAL, FRICTION MATERIAL COMPOSITION, FRICTION MATERIAL, AND FRICTION ELEMENT
CN113648917B (zh) * 2021-10-19 2022-02-25 张家港大塚化学有限公司 一种钛酸盐摩擦材料生产用混合设备
WO2024086083A1 (en) * 2022-10-17 2024-04-25 The Regents Of The University Of Michigan Gear set

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2000230168A (ja) * 1999-02-09 2000-08-22 Otsuka Chem Co Ltd 摩擦材
WO2002010069A1 (fr) * 2000-07-31 2002-02-07 Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd. Titanate de magnesium et de potassium de type lepidocrocite et son procede de production, et materiau de friction
JP2007218395A (ja) 2006-02-20 2007-08-30 Toyota Motor Corp ブレーキキャリパ
JP2007277418A (ja) * 2006-04-07 2007-10-25 Advics:Kk 摩擦材
JP2010007734A (ja) 2008-06-25 2010-01-14 Chugoku Electric Power Co Inc:The 位置出し装置
JP2010235730A (ja) * 2009-03-31 2010-10-21 Kubota Corp 摩擦材
JP2010285558A (ja) 2009-06-12 2010-12-24 Akebono Brake Ind Co Ltd 摩擦材
JP2011102381A (ja) 2009-10-16 2011-05-26 Akebono Brake Ind Co Ltd 固体潤滑材、その製造方法および用途
WO2012169546A1 (ja) * 2011-06-07 2012-12-13 日立化成工業株式会社 ノンアスベスト摩擦材組成物
WO2012169545A1 (ja) * 2011-06-07 2012-12-13 日立化成工業株式会社 ノンアスベスト摩擦材組成物
WO2013039183A1 (ja) * 2011-09-14 2013-03-21 曙ブレーキ工業株式会社 摩擦材
WO2014098215A1 (ja) * 2012-12-21 2014-06-26 曙ブレーキ工業株式会社 摩擦材

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3229777B2 (ja) * 1995-06-14 2001-11-19 株式会社クボタ 摩擦材
JPH1046137A (ja) * 1996-07-31 1998-02-17 Kubota Corp 摩擦材
US5962551A (en) 1997-01-31 1999-10-05 Kubota Corporation Powder of titanium compounds
JP2000265158A (ja) 1999-03-16 2000-09-26 Otsuka Chem Co Ltd 摩擦材
JP3998879B2 (ja) 1999-12-20 2007-10-31 曙ブレーキ工業株式会社 摩擦材
JP4040552B2 (ja) 2003-07-18 2008-01-30 曙ブレーキ工業株式会社 摩擦材
BRPI0809676B1 (pt) 2007-04-04 2019-05-14 Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd. Titanato de potássio, método para produção do mesmo, material de fricção e composição de resina
JP5331428B2 (ja) 2008-09-29 2013-10-30 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 ブレーキ摩擦材
JP5756103B2 (ja) 2010-06-18 2015-07-29 曙ブレーキ工業株式会社 摩擦材
JP6079235B2 (ja) * 2010-11-19 2017-02-15 日立化成株式会社 ノンアスベスト摩擦材組成物、これを用いた摩擦材及び摩擦部材
CN103122959B (zh) * 2013-03-08 2015-04-15 山东金山汽配有限公司 高温耐磨陶瓷复合纤维刹车片

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2000230168A (ja) * 1999-02-09 2000-08-22 Otsuka Chem Co Ltd 摩擦材
WO2002010069A1 (fr) * 2000-07-31 2002-02-07 Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd. Titanate de magnesium et de potassium de type lepidocrocite et son procede de production, et materiau de friction
JP2007218395A (ja) 2006-02-20 2007-08-30 Toyota Motor Corp ブレーキキャリパ
JP2007277418A (ja) * 2006-04-07 2007-10-25 Advics:Kk 摩擦材
JP2010007734A (ja) 2008-06-25 2010-01-14 Chugoku Electric Power Co Inc:The 位置出し装置
JP2010235730A (ja) * 2009-03-31 2010-10-21 Kubota Corp 摩擦材
JP2010285558A (ja) 2009-06-12 2010-12-24 Akebono Brake Ind Co Ltd 摩擦材
JP2011102381A (ja) 2009-10-16 2011-05-26 Akebono Brake Ind Co Ltd 固体潤滑材、その製造方法および用途
WO2012169546A1 (ja) * 2011-06-07 2012-12-13 日立化成工業株式会社 ノンアスベスト摩擦材組成物
WO2012169545A1 (ja) * 2011-06-07 2012-12-13 日立化成工業株式会社 ノンアスベスト摩擦材組成物
WO2013039183A1 (ja) * 2011-09-14 2013-03-21 曙ブレーキ工業株式会社 摩擦材
WO2014098215A1 (ja) * 2012-12-21 2014-06-26 曙ブレーキ工業株式会社 摩擦材

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of EP3048153A4

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106085356A (zh) * 2015-04-27 2016-11-09 曙制动器工业株式会社 摩擦材料组合物、摩擦材料及其制造方法
CN104963976A (zh) * 2015-06-25 2015-10-07 海安县东洋通达汽车配件有限公司 高耐磨刹车片
CN104963976B (zh) * 2015-06-25 2017-10-03 海安县东洋通达汽车配件有限公司 高耐磨刹车片
CN105670564A (zh) * 2016-01-08 2016-06-15 北京天宜上佳新材料有限公司 一种无铜摩擦材料及刹车片
CN105670564B (zh) * 2016-01-08 2018-06-26 北京天宜上佳新材料股份有限公司 一种无铜摩擦材料及刹车片
WO2019130941A1 (ja) * 2017-12-26 2019-07-04 株式会社クボタ 複合チタン酸化合物、複合チタン酸化合物の製造方法、及び摩擦材
JP2019112277A (ja) * 2017-12-26 2019-07-11 株式会社クボタ 複合チタン酸化合物、複合チタン酸化合物の製造方法、及び摩擦材
US11846336B2 (en) 2017-12-26 2023-12-19 Kubota Corporation Complex titanate compound, method of preparing same, and friction material

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US9914667B2 (en) 2018-03-13
CN105555900A (zh) 2016-05-04
CN105555900B (zh) 2018-11-06
JP6304984B2 (ja) 2018-04-04
US20160221882A1 (en) 2016-08-04
EP3048153B2 (en) 2024-07-17
EP3048153B1 (en) 2019-11-06
EP3048153A4 (en) 2017-04-26
EP3048153A1 (en) 2016-07-27
JP2015059143A (ja) 2015-03-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP6304984B2 (ja) 摩擦材
JP5981839B2 (ja) 摩擦材
JP6157071B2 (ja) 摩擦材
WO2014098215A1 (ja) 摩擦材
EP3321338B1 (en) Friction material composition, and friction material and friction member each obtained therefrom
JP6179519B2 (ja) 摩擦材組成物、摩擦材組成物を用いた摩擦材及び摩擦部材
JP6208505B2 (ja) 摩擦材
JP6610014B2 (ja) 摩擦材組成物、摩擦材組成物を用いた摩擦材および摩擦部材
JP6379249B2 (ja) 摩擦材
WO2012169546A1 (ja) ノンアスベスト摩擦材組成物
WO2012169545A1 (ja) ノンアスベスト摩擦材組成物
WO2014157616A1 (ja) 摩擦材
JP6592976B2 (ja) 摩擦材組成物、摩擦材組成物を用いた摩擦材および摩擦部材
JPWO2019074012A1 (ja) 摩擦材組成物、摩擦材組成物を用いた摩擦材および摩擦部材
JP6568612B2 (ja) 摩擦材
JP6630136B2 (ja) 摩擦材
JP7240424B2 (ja) 摩擦材組成物、摩擦材及び摩擦部材
JP2018172496A (ja) 摩擦材組成物
JP6490936B2 (ja) 摩擦材組成物、該摩擦材組成物を用いた摩擦材及び摩擦部材
JP6828791B2 (ja) 摩擦材組成物、摩擦材組成物を用いた摩擦材および摩擦部材
JPWO2019151390A1 (ja) 摩擦材、摩擦材組成物、摩擦部材及び車両
JPWO2019150501A1 (ja) 摩擦材、摩擦材組成物及び摩擦部材

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 201480051357.0

Country of ref document: CN

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 14845206

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 15021711

Country of ref document: US

REEP Request for entry into the european phase

Ref document number: 2014845206

Country of ref document: EP

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2014845206

Country of ref document: EP

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE