WO2015041244A1 - 摩擦材 - Google Patents
摩擦材 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015041244A1 WO2015041244A1 PCT/JP2014/074548 JP2014074548W WO2015041244A1 WO 2015041244 A1 WO2015041244 A1 WO 2015041244A1 JP 2014074548 W JP2014074548 W JP 2014074548W WO 2015041244 A1 WO2015041244 A1 WO 2015041244A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- friction material
- fiber
- friction
- titanates
- titanate
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000002783 friction material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- -1 alkaline earth metal titanate Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxido(oxo)titanium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- OBTSLRFPKIKXSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium potassium Chemical compound [Li].[K] OBTSLRFPKIKXSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- SWHAQEYMVUEVNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium potassium Chemical compound [Mg].[K] SWHAQEYMVUEVNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 21
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 17
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 12
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 11
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000012784 inorganic fiber Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- IATRAKWUXMZMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[Sr+2] IATRAKWUXMZMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002313 adhesive film Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012766 organic filler Substances 0.000 description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003856 thermoforming Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 206010007269 Carcinogenicity Diseases 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000007670 carcinogenicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000260 carcinogenicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RGPUVZXXZFNFBF-UHFFFAOYSA-K diphosphonooxyalumanyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Al+3].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O RGPUVZXXZFNFBF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241000224489 Amoeba Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000226021 Anacardium occidentale Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ferrous sulfide Chemical compound [Fe]=S MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical class OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005083 Zinc sulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000800 acrylic rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical class O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229940007424 antimony trisulfide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NVWBARWTDVQPJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony(3+);trisulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[S-2].[S-2].[Sb+3].[Sb+3] NVWBARWTDVQPJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006231 aramid fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020226 cashew nut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferric oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007912 intraperitoneal administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GVALZJMUIHGIMD-UHFFFAOYSA-H magnesium phosphate Chemical class [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GVALZJMUIHGIMD-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 239000004137 magnesium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010994 magnesium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002074 melt spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007918 pathogenicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000009719 polyimide resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011009 potassium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- GROMGGTZECPEKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium metatitanate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Ti](=O)O[Ti](=O)O[Ti]([O-])=O GROMGGTZECPEKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011008 sodium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005061 synthetic rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- AFNRRBXCCXDRPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(ii) sulfide Chemical compound [Sn]=S AFNRRBXCCXDRPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical class [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical class [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000005748 tumor development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc phosphate Chemical class [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/71—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents
- C04B35/78—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents containing non-metallic materials
- C04B35/80—Fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/013—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics containing carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/46—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates
- C04B35/462—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/62204—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products using waste materials or refuse
- C04B35/62209—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products using waste materials or refuse using woody material, remaining in the ceramic products
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
- C04B35/6269—Curing of mixtures
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/628—Coating the powders or the macroscopic reinforcing agents
- C04B35/62802—Powder coating materials
- C04B35/62805—Oxide ceramics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a friction material containing no copper component, and more particularly to a friction material used for brake pads or brake linings, clutches, etc. of automobiles, railway vehicles, industrial machines and the like.
- Friction materials used for brakes such as disc brakes and drum brakes, or clutches, are fiber base materials that provide reinforcement, friction modifiers that provide friction and adjust the friction performance, and components thereof It is made of raw materials such as a binding material that integrates.
- the role of brakes has become increasingly severe, and it is necessary to have a sufficiently high coefficient of friction (effectiveness). Further, since the temperature becomes high during braking from high speed, the friction state is different from that during braking at low temperature and low speed, and stable friction characteristics are required in which the change in the friction coefficient due to temperature change is small.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a friction material containing 1%.
- Patent Document 1 when the friction material contains copper fibers in a predetermined amount range, it is possible to improve the friction coefficient at a low temperature and to suppress a decrease in the friction coefficient at a high temperature and a high speed. This is because when the friction material and the mating material (disk rotor) are rubbed, an adhesive film forms on the mating material surface due to the spreadability of copper, and this film acts as a protective film, resulting in a high coefficient of friction at high temperatures. It is considered that the wear of the counterpart material can be suppressed.
- the metal powder contained in the disc rotor wear powder and the friction material of the brake pad bites into the friction material and agglomerates there to form a large metal mass and stay between the brake pad and the disc rotor.
- the agglomerated metal mass may cause abnormal wear on the brake pads and the disc rotor (Patent Document 2).
- the metal components contained in the friction material are mainly metal fibers such as steel fibers and copper fibers, and when these fibers are contained in a large amount, there is a risk of causing the above-described abnormal wear of the disk rotor.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a method for suppressing elution of a copper component in a friction material.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a friction material that does not contain a copper component and that has a high friction coefficient and high wear resistance at high temperatures.
- the inventors of the present invention are friction materials that do not contain a copper component, and in addition to the titanate that forms the transfer coating, in addition to using different types of titanates and ceramic fibers in combination, The inventors have found that a friction material having a high coefficient of friction and excellent wear resistance can be obtained, and have completed the present invention.
- “not including a copper component” means that neither copper fiber, copper powder, nor an alloy (such as brass or bronze) containing copper and a compound is blended as a raw material of the friction material.
- the copper component mixed as an impurity is 0.5 mass% or less from a viewpoint of environmental impact.
- a friction material containing two or more kinds of titanates and ceramic fibers and containing no copper component [2] The friction material according to [1], wherein the two or more titanates contain two or more alkali metal titanates. [3] The friction material according to [1], wherein the two or more types of titanates contain an alkaline earth metal titanate / alkali metal salt and an alkali metal titanate. [4] The friction material according to [1] or [2], wherein the two or more types of titanates contain lithium potassium titanate and potassium titanate.
- the degree of transfer of the transfer coating with titanate formed instead of the adhesive coating with the copper component can be controlled by different types of titanates, and further by ceramic fibers.
- the transfer coating can be ground to an appropriate thickness. Accordingly, a friction material having a high coefficient of friction and wear resistance at a high temperature can be obtained without containing a copper component.
- the friction material according to the present invention includes two or more kinds of titanates and ceramic fibers, and does not include a copper component.
- mass% and weight% and “mass part” and “part by weight” have the same meaning.
- the friction material generally includes a binder, a friction modifier, a fiber base material, and a lubricant, and the friction modifier includes fillers such as organic fillers and inorganic fillers, abrasives, metal powders, and the like. To do.
- the titanate in the present invention is used as a filler, and the ceramic fiber is used as a fiber substrate.
- the friction material according to the present invention is characterized by containing two or more kinds of titanates. It is preferable to use two or more titanates for the purpose of controlling the degree of transfer.
- At least one of two or more kinds of titanates includes alkali metal titanate, alkaline earth metal titanate, alkali metal salt, and the like. More specifically, lithium potassium titanate, magnesium potassium titanate and the like are preferable. Especially, the shape called scale shape (layer shape), column shape, plate shape, or flat shape is preferable, and lithium potassium titanate or magnesium potassium titanate which has these shapes is more preferable. Further, from the viewpoint of stabilizing the efficacy, the shape is more preferably a layered shape.
- the other titanate that controls the degree of transfer film formation includes alkali metal titanate. More specifically, potassium titanate, lithium titanate, sodium titanate and the like are preferable. Among them, fibrous, spherical, powdery, indeterminate shapes or a plurality of convex shape titanates are preferable because the shape is different from the scale-like (layered), columnar, plate-like or flat-like titanates, Potassium titanate having these shapes is more preferably used. Among these, a plurality of convex-shaped titanates are more preferable from the viewpoint of wear resistance.
- the shape of a plurality of convex portions may be a shape having convex portions in two or more directions, unlike the case where a projected shape of titanate onto a plane is at least a normal polygon, circle, ellipse or the like. It means to be a thing.
- the convex portion refers to a portion corresponding to a portion protruding with respect to a photo (projection drawing) obtained by an optical or electron microscope or the like by applying a polygon, circle, ellipse or the like (basic figure).
- a titanate having a plurality of convex shapes its projection is a boomerang shape, a cross shape, an amoeba shape, various animal and plant parts (eg, hands, horns, leaves, etc.) or its Examples include the overall shape, or similar shapes thereof, and confetti.
- 2 or more types of titanates in this invention contain 2 or more types of alkali metal titanates, or contain an alkaline-earth metal titanate, an alkali metal salt, and an alkali metal titanate. It is preferable to do. More specifically, it is particularly preferable to contain lithium potassium titanate and potassium titanate, or magnesium potassium titanate and potassium titanate.
- the two or more titanates in the present invention may be crystalline or amorphous. Further, from the viewpoint of improving the strength of the friction material, the surface of the titanate may be surface-treated with a silane coupling agent or the like.
- the content of the scaly (layered), columnar, plate or flat titanate in the friction material as a whole is 2 to 30% by volume to stabilize the effect and prevent the fade coefficient of friction from being lowered. It is preferable from the viewpoint of improving fade characteristics, and more preferably 2 to 25% by volume.
- the content of the titanate in the form of fibers, spheres, powders, irregular shapes or a plurality of convex portions in the entire friction material is preferably 1 to 25% by volume from the viewpoint of wear resistance, and 1 to 20 volumes. % Is more preferable.
- the total content of the titanate friction material is preferably 3 to 40% by volume from the viewpoint of wear resistance, and more preferably 3 to 30% by volume.
- ceramic fiber is a kind of inorganic fiber, and there are biosoluble and bioinsoluble ones that are characterized by being decomposed in a short time and discharged outside the body even when taken into the human body. is there.
- the biologically soluble inorganic fiber has a total amount of alkali metal oxides and alkaline earth metal oxides (total amount of oxides of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, barium) in the chemical composition of 18% by mass or more, and
- the mass half-life of fibers of 20 ⁇ m or less is 10 days or less in a short-term biopermanence test by respiration, or the mass half-life of fibers of 20 ⁇ m or more is 40 days or less in a short-term biopermanence test at the time of intratracheal infusion.
- inorganic fibers that do not have evidence of excessive carcinogenicity in intraperitoneal tests or that have no associated pathogenicity or tumor development in long-term breathing tests (EU Directive 97/69 / EC Note Q (Carcinogenicity) Exemption)).
- Such a biosoluble inorganic fiber preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of SiO 2 , MgO and SrO as a chemical composition.
- SiO 2 —CaO—MgO fiber SiO 2 —MgO—SrO fiber
- biosoluble rock wool such as SiO 2 —CaO—MgO—Al 2 O 3 fiber, etc.
- the ceramic fiber used in the present invention has excellent heat resistance equivalent to that of alumina silica fiber, and further has excellent biosolubility and water resistance, and is a biosoluble ceramic fiber, SiO 2 —MgO—SrO. System fibers are preferred. These biosoluble inorganic fibers are produced by fiberizing inorganic fiber raw materials by a melt spinning method or the like generally used.
- biosoluble rock wool and biosoluble ceramic fibers such as SiO 2 —CaO—MgO fiber, SiO 2 —CaO—MgO—Al 2 O 3 fiber, and SiO 2 —MgO—SrO fiber include commercially available RB220.
- -Roxul 1000 manufactured by Lapinus
- Fineflex-E bulk fiber T manufactured by NICHIAS
- BIOSTAR bulk fiber manufactured by ITM
- bioinsoluble ceramic fiber examples include Al 2 O 3 —SiO 2 fiber, Al 2 O 3 —ZrO 2 —SiO 2 fiber, Al 2 O 3 fiber, and mullite fiber.
- the ceramic fiber preferably has a fiber diameter of 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m and a fiber length of 1 to 1000 ⁇ m, more preferably a fiber diameter of 0.2 to 6 ⁇ m and a fiber length of 10 to 850 ⁇ m. If it is this range, the effect of this invention can be exhibited effectively.
- the fiber diameter and fiber length can be measured according to JIS A9504, respectively.
- the ceramic fibers that can be used in the present invention generally contain shots (particulates) that have not been converted into fibers during the production process. These shot contents are preferably 0.1 to 70% by mass in the fiber base material. When the shot content is larger than the above range, the attacking property against the counterpart material increases. On the other hand, if the shot content is less than the above range, the cleaning effect of the counterpart material cannot be expected. In addition, it is also possible to separate the ceramic fiber and the shot in the manufacturing process and mix and use them at an arbitrary ratio. In addition, the surface of the ceramic fiber may be subjected to a surface treatment with a silane coupling agent or the like.
- the ceramic fiber is usually used in an amount of 1 to 6% by volume, preferably 1 to 3% by volume in the entire friction material from the viewpoint of rotor attack.
- a binder As other components contained in the friction material according to the present invention, a binder, a friction modifier (filler, abrasive, metal powder), a fiber base material, and a lubricant are described below.
- binder As the binder, it is only necessary to include a commonly used binder. Specific examples thereof include thermosetting resins such as phenol resins (including straight phenol resins and various modified phenol resins), elastomer-modified phenol resins, melamine resins, epoxy resins, and polyimide resins. Various modified phenol resins include hydrocarbon resin-modified phenol resins and epoxy-modified phenol resins.
- the elastomer that modifies the phenol resin may be any one that imparts plasticity to the phenol resin, and examples thereof include crosslinked natural rubber and synthetic rubber.
- the elastomer for modifying the phenol resin acrylic rubber, silicone rubber and the like are preferably used.
- the elastomer-modified phenol resin is preferably contained in an amount of 10 to 30% by volume, more preferably 10 to 25% by volume in the entire friction material. If it is this range, even if there is no adhesion coating derived from a metal component, the friction coefficient at low temperature can be stabilized.
- the binder is generally used in an amount of 10 to 30% by volume, preferably 10 to 25% by volume, based on the entire friction material.
- inorganic fillers other than organic fillers and titanates can be included.
- organic filler include various rubbers composed of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), butadiene rubber (BR), and the like, and organic dust such as tire tread, rubber dust, cashew dust, and the like.
- inorganic fillers other than titanate examples include vermiculite, mica, calcium hydroxide, barium sulfate, and calcium carbonate.
- the content of the organic filler is preferably 1 to 20% by volume in the friction material.
- the content of the inorganic filler is preferably 1 to 70% by volume in the friction material including the titanate.
- abrasive examples include alumina, silica, silicon carbide, mullite, zirconium oxide, zirconium silicate, iron trioxide, magnesia, chromite and the like.
- the content of the entire abrasive is usually 1 to 9% by volume in the friction material.
- metal powder metals other than copper such as zinc, iron, tin, aluminum, and Fe—Al intermetallic compounds can be used.
- the total content of metal powder is usually 0.5 to 3% by volume in the friction material.
- Fiber base examples of the fiber substrate include aromatic polyamide (aramid) fiber, cellulose fiber, and polyacrylic fiber as organic fiber.
- inorganic fibers other than ceramic fibers include glass fibers, carbon fibers, and rock wool.
- metal fiber examples include steel, aluminum, zinc, tin and tin alloy, and stainless steel.
- the content of the entire fiber base material including the ceramic fibers is usually 1 to 35% by volume, preferably 5 to 30% by volume in the friction material.
- Examples of the lubricant include graphite, phosphate-coated graphite, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), tin sulfide, molybdenum disulfide, iron sulfide, zinc sulfide, and antimony trisulfide.
- the content of the entire lubricant is preferably 15% by volume or less in the friction material.
- Phosphate-coated graphite is obtained by coating graphite used as a solid lubricant with phosphate.
- graphite used as a solid lubricant
- phosphate phosphate
- the metal constituting the salt is preferably a metal belonging to Group 1, 2, 12, or 13 of the periodic table (long period type).
- Na and K belonging to Group 1, Mg belonging to Group 2, Zn belonging to Group 12, Al belonging to Group 13, and the like can be preferably exemplified.
- These phosphates are preferably hydrogen phosphates from the viewpoint of water solubility and pH.
- the content of phosphate-coated graphite in the friction material is preferably 1 to 9% by volume, more preferably 1 to 6% by volume from the viewpoint of obtaining an appropriate transfer layer thickness.
- the content of the entire lubricant is usually 1 to 15% by volume in the friction material.
- the friction material according to the present invention can be produced by blending the above-described components, pre-molding the blend according to a normal production method, and performing treatments such as thermoforming, heating, and polishing.
- a brake pad provided with the friction material can be manufactured by the following steps (1) to (4).
- (1) A step of forming a steel plate (pressure plate) into a predetermined shape by a sheet metal press.
- (2) A step of applying a degreasing treatment, a chemical conversion treatment and a primer treatment to a steel sheet formed into a predetermined shape and applying an adhesive.
- the pressure plate having undergone the steps (1) and (2) and the preform of the friction material are thermoformed at a predetermined temperature and pressure in the thermoforming step, and the two members are fixed together.
- Process. (4) A process in which after-curing is performed, and finally finishing treatment such as polishing, surface baking, and painting is performed.
- Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 The blending material of the friction material was uniformly mixed by a mixer according to the blending composition (volume%) shown in Table 1 to obtain a friction material mixture. Subsequently, the friction material mixture was preformed at room temperature and a pressure of 20 MPa for 10 seconds. The preformed product after molding was put into a thermoforming mold, a metal plate (pressure plate: P / P) previously coated with an adhesive was stacked, and heat compression molding was performed at a temperature of 150 ° C. and a molding surface pressure of 40 MPa for 5 minutes. .
- This heat compression molded body is heat-treated at a temperature of 150 to 300 ° C. for 1 to 4 hours, and polished and coated to a predetermined thickness, so that the brake including the friction material according to Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 is obtained. I got a pad.
- lithium potassium titanate layered and scale-like TERRACESS L-SS (manufactured by Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd.) was used.
- potassium magnesium titanate layered and scale-like TERRACESS P-SS (manufactured by Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd.) was used.
- potassium titanate fibrous TISMO D (manufactured by Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd.) and TERRACESS JP (manufactured by Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd.) having a plurality of convex portions were used.
- the ceramic fiber As the ceramic fiber, a SiO 2 —MgO—SrO-based biosoluble fiber (Biostar 200/50, manufactured by ITM Co., Ltd.) having a shot content of 60% was used.
- Phosphate-coated graphite was obtained by the following procedure.
- Aluminum dihydrogen phosphate was dissolved in pure water to prepare an aqueous solution having a concentration of 1% by mass.
- 42 parts by mass of artificial graphite (Tokai Carbon Co., Ltd., G152A (trade name), average particle size 700 ⁇ m) is added, and a rotary blade type agitator (manufactured by ASONE, PM-203 (model name)).
- the mixture was stirred at a temperature of 50 ° C. for 1 hour.
- the obtained mixture was dried in the air for 24 hours, crushed, and then heat-treated at 800 ° C. for 3 hours in a vacuum. After the heat treatment, the powder was pulverized in a mortar to obtain graphite powder (phosphate-coated graphite) whose particle surface was coated with aluminum dihydrogen phosphate.
- the method for evaluating the friction characteristics of the obtained brake pad is shown below.
- the friction characteristics were evaluated using a 1/7 scale tester. The initial speed was fixed at 50 km / h and the deceleration was fixed at 2.94 m / s 2. After 200 times of rubbing, braking was performed 500 times at 300 ° C., 500 times braking at 400 ° C., and 500 times braking at 500 ° C. The average amount of wear after braking at 400 ° C. and 500 ° C. and the coefficient of friction ⁇ after braking at 500 ° C. were determined. The amount of wear was converted to 1000 braking equivalents. The results are shown in Table 1. The disk rotor material used was equivalent to FC250.
- 500 ° C. wear evaluation refers to the pad wear amount at 500 ° C., based on the result of Comparative Example 1, ⁇ 30% or less: ⁇ , greater than ⁇ 30% but ⁇ 10% or less: ⁇ , More than ⁇ 10% and less than + 10%: ⁇ , + 10% or more: x.
- 500 ° C. performance evaluation indicates the case where the average of the friction coefficient ⁇ at 500 ° C. is 0.4 or more, and the case where the average is less than 0.4.
- the brake pad including the friction material according to Comparative Example 1 contains copper fiber, and the composition is equivalent to the composition generally used conventionally as a friction material of NAO (Non-Asbestos Organic) material.
- NAO Non-Asbestos Organic
- the amount of pad wear at 500 ° C. is remarkably increased to + 58% (denoted as “X” in the table) compared with Comparative Example 1. This is presumably because an adhesive film made of copper is not formed on the counterpart material.
- Comparative Example 3 even when only phosphate-coated graphite, which is considered to form a transfer film on the counterpart material, was added, the amount of wear at 500 ° C. was + 35% compared to Comparative Example 1 (indicated as x in the table). And still big.
- Example 7 by adding magnesium potassium titanate in addition to potassium titanate, the wear amount at 500 ° C. was ⁇ 32% (denoted by “ ⁇ ” in the table) with respect to Comparative Example 1. , Found to be significantly improved. Further, from Examples 1 to 6 and 8, the amount of pad wear at 500 ° C. is significantly improved as compared with Comparative Example 1 by adding lithium potassium titanate in addition to potassium titanate. At this time, as shown in Examples 1 to 3, even when the blending ratio of graphite as a lubricant and phosphate-coated graphite and the content of ceramic fiber were changed, good friction coefficient and wear characteristics were obtained.
- the friction material contains two or more different titanates and ceramic fibers, thereby preventing a decrease in the coefficient of friction at high temperatures and providing good wear resistance even when an adhesive film is not formed by a copper component. It was found that sex was obtained. This is because a transfer film is formed on the counterpart material with two or more different titanates, and a good friction coefficient can be obtained, and the transfer film is appropriately ground by the ceramic fibers. It is considered that the thickness becomes moderate and good wear resistance can be obtained. Therefore, according to this invention, it turned out that the outstanding friction material which shows the performance equivalent to or more than the conventional friction material containing a copper component is obtained.
- the friction material according to the present invention is a friction material having a low environmental load because it does not contain a copper component. In addition, it contains two or more different titanates and ceramic fibers even though it does not contain a copper component, so it has excellent friction coefficient and wear resistance equivalent to or higher than those of conventional products at high temperatures. It becomes a friction material. Therefore, the friction material according to the present invention is particularly useful when applied to brake pads, brake linings, clutches, etc. used in automobiles, railway vehicles, industrial machines, etc., and its technical significance is extremely large. .
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Abstract
Description
昨今の車両の高性能化、高速化に伴い、ブレーキの役割は益々過酷なものとなってきており、十分に高い摩擦係数(効き)を有することが必要である。さらに高速からの制動時には高温となることから、低温低速での制動時とは摩擦状態が異なり、温度変化による摩擦係数の変化が少ない、安定した摩擦特性が求められている。
現在、摩擦材に含まれる金属成分は主にスチール繊維や銅繊維といった金属繊維が多く、これらの繊維を多量に含有した場合、上述のディスクロータの異常摩耗を引き起こすおそれがある。
そこで特許文献3では、摩擦材中の銅成分の溶出を抑制する方法が開示されている。
なお本願明細書で、「銅成分を含まない」とは、銅繊維、銅粉、並びに銅を含んだ合金(真鍮又は青銅等)及び化合物のいずれも、摩擦材の原材料として配合していないことを言う。なお、環境負荷の観点から不純物として混入する銅成分は0.5質量%以下であることが好ましい。
[1] 2種以上のチタン酸塩とセラミック繊維とを含有し、かつ銅成分を含まない摩擦材。
[2] 前記2種以上のチタン酸塩が2種以上のチタン酸アルカリ金属塩を含有する、前記[1]に記載の摩擦材。
[3] 前記2種以上のチタン酸塩がチタン酸アルカリ土類金属・アルカリ金属塩とチタン酸アルカリ金属塩とを含有する、前記[1]に記載の摩擦材。
[4] 前記2種以上のチタン酸塩がチタン酸リチウムカリウムとチタン酸カリウムとを含有する、前記[1]又は[2]に記載の摩擦材。
[5] 前記2種以上のチタン酸塩がチタン酸マグネシウムカリウムとチタン酸カリウムとを含有する、前記[1]又は[3]に記載の摩擦材。
[6] 前記セラミック繊維の繊維径が0.1~10μm、繊維長が1~1000μm、かつショット含有量が0.1~70質量%である、前記[1]~[5]のいずれか1に記載の摩擦材。
[7] 前記2種以上のチタン酸塩の摩擦材における含有量が合計で3~40体積%である、前記[1]~[6]のいずれか1に記載の摩擦材。
[8] 前記セラミック繊維の摩擦材における含有量が1~6体積%である、前記[1]~[7]のいずれか1に記載の摩擦材。
ここで、本明細書において“質量%”と“重量%”及び“質量部”と“重量部”とは、それぞれ同義である。
摩擦材とは一般的に、結合材、摩擦調整材、繊維基材及び潤滑材を含み、前記摩擦調整材として、有機充填材や無機充填材等の充填材、研削材、金属粉等を含有する。
本発明におけるチタン酸塩は充填材として用いられ、セラミック繊維は繊維基材として用いられる。
本発明に係る摩擦材は、2種以上のチタン酸塩を含有することを特徴とする。チタン酸塩としては、移着の程度を制御する目的で2種以上を使用することが好ましい。
中でも、鱗片状(層状)、柱状、板状又は扁平状と呼ばれる形状が、好ましく、これらの形状を有するチタン酸リチウムカリウム又はチタン酸マグネシウムカリウムがより好ましい。また、効力安定化の点から、形状は層状であることがさらに好ましい。
チタン酸マグネシウムカリウムの分子式は、KxMgyTizOwにおいてx=0.2~0.7、y=0.4、z=1.6、w=3.7~3.95などを使用することができる。
中でも、繊維状、球状、粉状、不定形状又は複数の凸部形状のチタン酸塩が、前記鱗片状(層状)、柱状、板状又は扁平状のチタン酸塩と形状が異なることから好ましく、これらの形状を有するチタン酸カリウムがより好ましく用いられる。中でも、複数の凸部形状のチタン酸塩は耐摩耗性の点からより好ましい。
凸部とは、光学乃至電子顕微鏡等による写真(投影図)に多角形、円、楕円等(基本図形)を当てはめ、それに対して突出した部分に対応する部分を言う。複数の凸部形状を有するチタン酸塩の具体的3次元形状としては、その投影図が、ブーメラン状、十字架状、アメーバ状、種々の動植物の部分(例えば、手、角、葉等)又はその全体形状、あるいはそれらの類似形状、金平糖状等が挙げられる。
移着被膜による凝着作用の補強効果を狙って、先述したチタン酸塩を多量に使用すると、形成される移着被膜の膜厚が厚くなりすぎる。厚すぎる被膜は亀裂やひび等が生じやすくなり、該亀裂等が引き金となって部分的に剥離しやすくなる。被膜が剥離すると、摩擦材(ブレーキパッド)と相手材(ディスクロータ)との接触が安定せず、効き(摩擦係数)が不安定となり、耐摩耗性が悪化するおそれがある。
一方、研削材が硬すぎて、移着被膜を削りすぎると、鳴き等が発生するおそれがある。そのため、本発明では移着被膜を適度な厚みに削るマイルドな研削材として、セラミック繊維を用いる。中でも、ショット(粒状物)を含むセラミック繊維がより好ましく用いられる。
繊維径及び繊維長は、それぞれJIS A9504により測定することができる。
なお、セラミック繊維とショットを製造過程で分離し、任意の比率で配合して使用することも可能である。また、セラミック繊維は、その表面にシランカップリング剤等により表面処理が施されていてもよい。
本発明に係る摩擦材に含まれるその他の成分として、結合材、摩擦調整材(充填材、研削材、金属粉)、繊維基材及び潤滑材について以下に述べる。
結合材としては通常用いられる結合材が含まれていればよい。
具体的には、フェノール樹脂(ストレートフェノール樹脂、各種変性フェノール樹脂を含む)、エラストマー変性フェノール樹脂、メラミン樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂等の熱硬化性樹脂を挙げることができる。なお、各種変性フェノール樹脂には炭化水素樹脂変性フェノール樹脂、エポキシ変性フェノール樹脂等が挙げられる。
フェノール樹脂を変性させるエラストマーとしては、アクリルゴム、シリコーンゴム等が好ましく用いられる。
なお、本発明において、結合材は摩擦材全体中、通常は10~30体積%、好ましくは10~25体積%用いられる。
充填材として有機充填材やチタン酸塩以外の無機充填材を含むことができる。有機充填材としては、例えば、アクリルニトリルブタジエンゴム(NBR)、スチレンブタジエンゴム(SBR)、ブタジエンゴム(BR)等からなる各種ゴムやタイヤトレッド、ゴムダスト、カシューダストなどの有機物ダスト等が挙げられる。
研削材の粒径は小さいほどマイルドな研削材となるが、小さすぎると研削材としての役目を果たさなくなる。一方、粒径が大きいほど相手材を研削して摩擦係数を向上させるが、大きすぎると相手材を過剰に研削する。研削材の種類や形状、モース硬度に応じて、粒径や含有量を調整することが必要である。
研削材全体の含有量は、摩擦材中通常1~9体積%である。
金属粉としては、亜鉛、鉄、スズ、アルミニウム、Fe-Al金属間化合物等の銅以外の金属を使用することができる。金属粉の含有量は合計で、摩擦材中通常0.5~3体積%である。
繊維基材としては、有機繊維として、芳香族ポリアミド(アラミド)繊維、セルロース繊維、ポリアクリル系繊維等が挙げられる。
また、セラミック繊維以外の無機繊維としては、ガラス繊維、炭素繊維、ロックウール等が挙げられる。
金属繊維としては、スチール、アルミニウム、亜鉛、錫および錫合金、ステンレス等の繊維が挙げられる。
セラミック繊維も含んだ繊維基材全体の含有量は、摩擦材中通常1~35体積%であり、好ましくは5~30体積%である。
潤滑材としては、黒鉛、リン酸塩被覆黒鉛、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)、硫化スズ、二硫化モリブデン、硫化鉄、硫化亜鉛、三硫化アンチモン等が挙げられる。 潤滑材全体の含有量は摩擦材中通常15体積%以下が好ましい。
潤滑材全体の含有量は摩擦材中通常1~15体積%である。
本発明に係る摩擦材を製造するには、上記各成分を配合し、その配合物を通常の製法に従って予備成形し、熱成形、加熱、研摩等の処理を施すことにより製造することができる。上記摩擦材を備えたブレーキパッドは、以下の工程(1)~(4)により製造することができる。
(1)鋼板(プレッシャプレート)を板金プレスにより所定の形状に成形する工程。
(2)所定の形状に成形された鋼板に脱脂処理、化成処理及びプライマー処理を施し、接着剤を塗布する工程。
(3)上記(1)および(2)の工程を経たプレッシャプレートと、上記摩擦材の予備成形体とを、熱成形工程において所定の温度及び圧力で熱成形して両部材を一体に固着する工程。
(4)その後アフタキュアを行い、最終的に研摩や表面焼き、塗装等の仕上げ処理を施す工程。
<実施例1~8および比較例1~4>
摩擦材の配合材料を表1に示す配合組成(体積%)に従って混合機にて均一に混合し、摩擦材混合物を得た。続いて摩擦材混合物を常温、圧力20MPaで10秒間予備成形した。成形後の予備成形品を熱成形型に投入し、予め接着剤を塗布した金属板(プレッシャープレート:P/P)を重ね、温度150℃、成形面圧40MPaで5分間加熱圧縮成形を行った。この加熱圧縮成形体に対し、温度150~300℃で1~4時間熱処理し、所定の厚みに研摩・塗装することで、実施例1~8及び比較例1~4に係る摩擦材を含むブレーキパッドを得た。
リン酸二水素アルミニウムを純水に溶解し、濃度1質量%の水溶液を調製した。この水溶液100質量部に対し、人造黒鉛(東海カーボン社製、G152A(商品名)、平均粒径700μm)42質量部を加え、回転翼式攪拌機(アズワン社製、PM-203(機種名))により、温度50℃にて1時間攪拌した。
得られた混合物を大気中で24時間乾燥後、解砕したのち、真空中で800℃にて3時間熱処理を行った。熱処理後、乳鉢にて粉砕し、粒子表面がリン酸二水素アルミニウムで被覆された黒鉛粉末(リン酸塩被覆黒鉛)を得た。
JASO C427(温度別摩耗試験)に準拠し、1/7スケールテスタを用いて摩擦特性の評価を行った。初速度を50km/h、減速度を2.94m/s2に固定し、200回すり合わせた後、300℃で500回制動、400℃で500回制動、500℃で500回制動を行った。400℃及び500℃での制動後の摩耗量、並びに500℃での制動後の摩擦係数μの平均を求めた。なお、摩耗量は1000回制動相当に換算した。結果を表1に表す。ディスクロータ材にはFC250相当を用いた。
「500℃性能評価」とは、500℃での摩擦係数μの平均が0.4以上である場合を○、0.4未満である場合を×と表記している。
Claims (8)
- 2種以上のチタン酸塩とセラミック繊維とを含有し、かつ銅成分を含まない摩擦材。
- 前記2種以上のチタン酸塩が2種以上のチタン酸アルカリ金属塩を含有する、請求項1に記載の摩擦材。
- 前記2種以上のチタン酸塩がチタン酸アルカリ土類金属・アルカリ金属塩とチタン酸アルカリ金属塩とを含有する、請求項1に記載の摩擦材。
- 前記2種以上のチタン酸塩がチタン酸リチウムカリウムとチタン酸カリウムとを含有する、請求項1又は2に記載の摩擦材。
- 前記2種以上のチタン酸塩がチタン酸マグネシウムカリウムとチタン酸カリウムとを含有する、請求項1又は3に記載の摩擦材。
- 前記セラミック繊維の繊維径が0.1~10μm、繊維長が1~1000μm、かつショット含有量が0.1~70質量%である、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の摩擦材。
- 前記2種以上のチタン酸塩の摩擦材における含有量が合計で3~40体積%である、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の摩擦材。
- 前記セラミック繊維の摩擦材における含有量が1~6体積%である、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の摩擦材。
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