WO2015007932A1 - System for transporting merchandise at a controlled temperature by incorporating photovoltaic solar energy into semi-trailers with a refrigeration installation - Google Patents

System for transporting merchandise at a controlled temperature by incorporating photovoltaic solar energy into semi-trailers with a refrigeration installation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015007932A1
WO2015007932A1 PCT/ES2014/070357 ES2014070357W WO2015007932A1 WO 2015007932 A1 WO2015007932 A1 WO 2015007932A1 ES 2014070357 W ES2014070357 W ES 2014070357W WO 2015007932 A1 WO2015007932 A1 WO 2015007932A1
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Prior art keywords
photovoltaic
controlled temperature
solar energy
installation
transport
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PCT/ES2014/070357
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Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jose Manuel Mainez Bosch
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Insolatio Pamasol S.L.
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Publication of WO2015007932A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015007932A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/30—Electrical components
    • H02S40/38—Energy storage means, e.g. batteries, structurally associated with PV modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/46—Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus
    • H01M10/465—Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus with solar battery as charging system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin

Definitions

  • the general object of the invention consists of a road-controlled temperature transport system that uses the electrical energy generated by a photovoltaic solar installation as a source of energy for maintaining the cold chain of goods transported over a wide range of temperatures. , being a real alternative, for its functionality, flexibility and robustness, to the use of fossil fuels.
  • Refrigerated transport normally operates over a very wide range of loads; so that, in order to adapt the refrigeration capacity with the load that is being transported at any moment, the refrigeration equipment must be connecting and disconnecting, or modulating its capacity, in the case of equipment that allows it, with the consequent loss of efficiency .
  • All refrigerated transport vehicles have an isothermal box consisting of a sandwich panel assembly.
  • One of the main characteristics of this box is the isothermal quality (global thermal transmission coefficient K in W / m 2 ) that measures the heat flux through the insulation, which must have a low value and present a weak growth over time .
  • K in W / m 2 global thermal transmission coefficient
  • a multitude of factors are taken into account such as the payload, the useful volume, the desired conditions inside, the external conditions, the insulation properties, the infiltrations of air and humidity and the wear caused by blows and vibrations over time.
  • the generator field formed by the photovoltaic modules (1) composed of groups of photovoltaic cells responsible for generating an electric current proportional to the luminous flux they receive from the Sun.
  • the cells are grouped and protected in what is known as a photovoltaic module, which in addition to the cells themselves is formed by an anodized aluminum frame that stiffens the module, a tempered glass with low iron content that protects the cells from rain and impacts, an Ethyl-Vinyl-Acetylene encapsulant, which fixes the cells and seals them against the penetration of moisture and air, an electrical circuit that connects the cells through which the generated electricity circulates and a subsequent encapsulant and protector that fixes the cells, seals the circuit and protects it from the entrance of the humidities
  • an electrical junction box is incorporated, whose main functions are to allow external wiring and to house inside the by-pass diodes that protect the module in the event that a cell is damaged or partially covered.
  • the BOS (Balance of System) consists of
  • the batteries (3) used are of the stationary type and convert the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic modules into a potential chemical energy, the process being reversible when electrical energy is needed in the absence of solar radiation.
  • the charge controller (4) is responsible for protecting the batteries (3) from excessive overvoltage and optimizing their charge.
  • the battery life (3) depends fundamentally on the good programming of the regulator (4).
  • the inverter (2) is an electronic device whose function is to transform the direct current generated by the photovoltaic modules (1) or batteries (3) into alternating current to power the refrigeration equipment (5) and other control elements and even inject the surplus of electrical energy to the network or other external equipment of the object of the present invention.
  • the photovoltaic system provides enough energy to keep the batteries charged (3) and feed the refrigeration equipment (5).
  • the refrigeration equipment (5) is powered by batteries (3) that have previously been charged by photovoltaic modules (1).
  • the control system of the refrigeration system of the refrigerated semi-trailer can select, depending on the energy generated, from three types of energy supply:
  • the photovoltaic systems installed in the semi-trailers are used as generators of electricity to be injected into the electricity grid, so that in no case do they leave to take advantage of the possibilities that this type of technology offers.
  • the control system used adapts the generation of electricity of renewable origin and its accumulation to the refrigerated semi-trailers and integrates all auxiliary systems to optimize its operation in a variable working environment.
  • the photovoltaic modules (1) of the present invention use plastic materials instead of anodized aluminum for the support frame (1 1) and the tempered glass (10) is thinner than those used in conventional modules in order to reduce the weight of the generator field and help to increase the energy efficiency of the vehicle.
  • the batteries (3) used are Lithium-Ion, which stand out for having a higher charge density, in addition to less weight and volume, around 50% less than Lead-Acid batteries.
  • the photovoltaic modules (1) such as the energy accumulation systems where the energy generated by them will be stored, are integrated in the refrigerated semi-trailers, are not very heavy, so as not to overload the vehicle and reduce its payload, and high performance, so that in a small space produce maximum electrical power.
  • FIGURES Figure 1 shows the scheme of an isolated grid photovoltaic installation.
  • Figure 2 corresponds to a scheme of a refrigerated semitrailer with the location of the different equipment that compose it.
  • Figure 3 represents a schematic cross section of a photovoltaic module and its support.
  • An isolated grid photovoltaic system is formed by a generator group, consisting of an extension of photovoltaic solar panels (1), a charge controller (4), an accumulator or battery group (3) and an inverter (2).
  • the photovoltaic panels (1) produce electrical energy in the form of direct current that is stored in the batteries (3).
  • the batteries (3) supply the receivers, in this case the refrigeration equipment (5), this electricity, which is transformed into alternating current by the inverter (2).
  • Photovoltaic solar energy relies on the photoelectric effect to directly convert the energy of solar rays into electricity. To obtain an electric current, an electric potential difference must be created. Conductive materials should be used since their electrons have a higher activity and allow to create electric flow easily.
  • Photovoltaic solar modules (1) use certain semiconductor materials, such as silicon, that absorb photons and convert them into a continuous current of electrons, that is, electricity. This electricity is collected by means of metallic wires that eventually lead to the regulator (4).
  • the charge controller (4) controls the entry of electricity into the battery (3) and protects it from overloads or voltage drops that could damage it.
  • the inverter (2) serves to convert the direct current produced by the photovoltaic field into alternating current of sine wave, which is the one used in the feeding of refrigeration equipment (5) conventions.
  • the refrigerated semi-trailer is formed by an isothermal box (9) and the equipment responsible for providing sufficient refrigeration capacity to keep the temperature inside the isorterma box (9) controlled, such as the refrigeration equipment (5), the electric motor (6) and the diesel generator, thermal engine, (7) that consumes fuel, diesel, stored in the fuel tank (8).
  • the equipment responsible for providing sufficient refrigeration capacity to keep the temperature inside the isorterma box (9) controlled such as the refrigeration equipment (5), the electric motor (6) and the diesel generator, thermal engine, (7) that consumes fuel, diesel, stored in the fuel tank (8).
  • the necessary equipment to supply renewable energy to this semi-trailer, such as photovoltaic modules (1) and batteries (3).

Landscapes

  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a system for transporting merchandise at a controlled temperature by incorporating photovoltaic solar energy into semi-trailers with a refrigeration installation, characterised in that it comprises a carrying structure, a supporting frame for fixing the system for generating electrical energy from photovoltaic modules arranged on the shell of the semi-trailer, which allows ventilation in the lower part of the photovoltaic modules in order to prevent the heating thereof and the subsequent loss of yield.

Description

SISTEMA DE TRANSPORTE DE MERCANCÍAS A TEMPERATURA CONTROLADA MEDIANTE LA INTEGRACIÓN DE LA ENERGÍA SOLAR FOTOVOLTAICA A LOS SEMIRREMOLQUES CON INSTALACIÓN FRIGORÍFICA. OBJETO DE LA INVENCIÓN  SYSTEM OF TRANSPORT OF GOODS TO CONTROLLED TEMPERATURE THROUGH THE INTEGRATION OF THE PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR ENERGY TO THE SEMIRREMOLQUES WITH FRIGORIAL INSTALLATION. OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
El objeto general de la invención consiste en un sistema de transporte a temperatura controlada por carretera que utiliza la energía eléctrica generada por una instalación solar fotovoltaica como fuente de energía para el mantenimiento de la cadena de frío de las mercancías transportadas en un amplio rango de temperaturas, siendo una alternativa real, por su funcionalidad, flexibilidad y robustez, a la utilización de los combustible fósiles. The general object of the invention consists of a road-controlled temperature transport system that uses the electrical energy generated by a photovoltaic solar installation as a source of energy for maintaining the cold chain of goods transported over a wide range of temperatures. , being a real alternative, for its functionality, flexibility and robustness, to the use of fossil fuels.
ANTECEDENTES. TECNOLOGÍA ACTUAL BACKGROUND. CURRENT TECHNOLOGY
Actualmente la tecnología de la mayoría de los vehículos refrigerados incluye un aislamiento de poliuretano y un sistema de frío de velocidad fija del ciclo frigorífico, cuyo compresor se encuentra directamente acoplado a un motor diesel. Disponen, además, de un depósito para alimentar el motor independiente del depósito de la cabeza tractora. Adicionalmente, algunos equipos de refrigeración pueden funcionar conectados a la red eléctrica. Currently, the technology of most refrigerated vehicles includes polyurethane insulation and a fixed speed cold system of the refrigeration cycle, whose compressor is directly coupled to a diesel engine. They also have a tank to feed the engine independent of the tank of the tractor unit. Additionally, some refrigeration equipment may work connected to the power grid.
Estos equipos están diseñados para mantener una temperatura deseada, denominada temperatura de consigna, dentro del compartimento destinado a contener la carga, independientemente de la temperatura exterior. El transporte refrigerado opera normalmente a lo largo de un rango muy amplio de cargas; de manera que, para adecuar la capacidad frigorífica con la carga que en cada momento se está transportando, el equipo de refrigeración debe estar conectándose y desconectándose, o modulando su capacidad, en el caso de equipos que lo permitan, con la consecuente pérdida de eficiencia. These devices are designed to maintain a desired temperature, called the setpoint temperature, within the compartment intended to contain the load, regardless of the outside temperature. Refrigerated transport normally operates over a very wide range of loads; so that, in order to adapt the refrigeration capacity with the load that is being transported at any moment, the refrigeration equipment must be connecting and disconnecting, or modulating its capacity, in the case of equipment that allows it, with the consequent loss of efficiency .
Todos los vehículos de transporte frigorífico tienen una caja isoterma constituida por un ensamblaje de paneles sándwich. Una de las principales características de dicha caja es la calidad isotérmica (coeficiente global de transmisión térmica K en W/m2) que mide el flujo de calor a través del aislamiento, que debe tener un valor bajo y presentar un débil crecimiento con el tiempo. Además de este coeficiente K, para el diseño del aislamiento de las unidades de transporte refrigerado, se tienen en cuenta multitud de factores como la carga útil, el volumen útil, las condiciones deseadas en el interior, las condiciones exteriores, las propiedades del aislamiento, las infiltraciones de aire y humedad y el desgaste producido por golpes y vibraciones a lo largo del tiempo. All refrigerated transport vehicles have an isothermal box consisting of a sandwich panel assembly. One of the main characteristics of this box is the isothermal quality (global thermal transmission coefficient K in W / m 2 ) that measures the heat flux through the insulation, which must have a low value and present a weak growth over time . In addition to this K coefficient, for insulation design of the refrigerated transport units, a multitude of factors are taken into account such as the payload, the useful volume, the desired conditions inside, the external conditions, the insulation properties, the infiltrations of air and humidity and the wear caused by blows and vibrations over time.
En cuanto a los sistemas fotovoltaicos, están compuestos por dos partes: el campo generador y el BOS (Balance of System). Figura 1. As for photovoltaic systems, they are composed of two parts: the generator field and the BOS (Balance of System). Figure 1.
El campo generador formado por los módulos fotovoltaicos (1), compuestos por grupos de células fotovoltaicas encargadas de generar una corriente eléctrica proporcional al flujo luminoso que reciben procedente del Sol. Las células van agrupada y protegidas en lo que se conoce por un módulo fotovoltaico, que además de la propias células está formado por un marco de aluminio anodizado que rigidiza el módulo, un cristal templado con bajo contenido en hierro que protege a las células de la lluvia y de los impactos, un encapsulante Etil-Vinil-Acetileno, que fija las células y las sella frente a la penetración de humedad y aire, un circuito eléctrico que conecta las células por el que circula la electricidad generada y un encapsulante y protector posterior que fija las células, sella el circuito y lo protege de la entrada de las humedades. En la parte posterior del módulo fotovoltaico (1) se incorpora una caja de conexiones eléctricas, cuyas funciones principales son permitir el cableado exterior y alojar en su interior los diodos by-pass que protegen el módulo en el caso de que una célula se encuentre dañada o parcialmente cubierta. El BOS (Balance of System) está compuesto por el resto de elementos de la instalación incluyendo inversores (2), baterías (3), reguladores (4), cables... The generator field formed by the photovoltaic modules (1), composed of groups of photovoltaic cells responsible for generating an electric current proportional to the luminous flux they receive from the Sun. The cells are grouped and protected in what is known as a photovoltaic module, which in addition to the cells themselves is formed by an anodized aluminum frame that stiffens the module, a tempered glass with low iron content that protects the cells from rain and impacts, an Ethyl-Vinyl-Acetylene encapsulant, which fixes the cells and seals them against the penetration of moisture and air, an electrical circuit that connects the cells through which the generated electricity circulates and a subsequent encapsulant and protector that fixes the cells, seals the circuit and protects it from the entrance of the humidities On the back of the photovoltaic module (1) an electrical junction box is incorporated, whose main functions are to allow external wiring and to house inside the by-pass diodes that protect the module in the event that a cell is damaged or partially covered. The BOS (Balance of System) consists of the rest of the elements of the installation including inverters (2), batteries (3), regulators (4), cables ...
Las baterías (3) utilizadas son del tipo estacionarias y convierte la energía eléctrica generada por los módulos fotovoltaicos en una energía potencial química, siendo el proceso reversible cuando se necesita energía eléctrica en ausencia de radicación solar. The batteries (3) used are of the stationary type and convert the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic modules into a potential chemical energy, the process being reversible when electrical energy is needed in the absence of solar radiation.
El regulador de carga (4) se encarga de proteger de una sobretensión excesiva a las baterías (3) y optimizar su carga. La vida de la batería (3) depende fundamentalmente de la buena programación del regulador (4). El inversor (2) es un equipo electrónico cuya función es transformar la corriente continua generada por los módulos fotovoltaicos (1) o las baterías (3) en corriente alterna para alimentar el equipo frigorífico (5) y otros elementos de control e incluso inyectar el excedente de energía eléctrica a la red o a otros equipos externos del objeto de la presente invención. The charge controller (4) is responsible for protecting the batteries (3) from excessive overvoltage and optimizing their charge. The battery life (3) depends fundamentally on the good programming of the regulator (4). The inverter (2) is an electronic device whose function is to transform the direct current generated by the photovoltaic modules (1) or batteries (3) into alternating current to power the refrigeration equipment (5) and other control elements and even inject the surplus of electrical energy to the network or other external equipment of the object of the present invention.
DESCRIPCIÓN DEL NUEVO PRODUCTO DESCRIPTION OF THE NEW PRODUCT
El sistema que se va a desarrollar en el presente proyecto, representado en la Figura 2, sigue contando con un equipo frigorífico (5) pero cuyo compresor estará accionado mediante un motor eléctrico (6) de velocidad variable. Este motor eléctrico (6) estará alimentado por tres fuentes de energía independientes. The system to be developed in this project, represented in Figure 2, still has a refrigeration unit (5) but whose compressor will be driven by an electric motor (6) of variable speed. This electric motor (6) will be powered by three independent energy sources.
Por una parte se cuenta con un sistema de módulos fotovoltaicos (1) instalados sobre el propio semirremolque frigorífico conectados a un sistema de almacenamiento de energía; baterías (3) On the one hand there is a system of photovoltaic modules (1) installed on the refrigerated semitrailer itself connected to an energy storage system; batteries (3)
Por otra parte se cuenta con un sistema de apoyo formado por un generador diesel (7) acoplado a un depósito de combustible (8) independiente al de la cabeza tractora, que funciona únicamente cuando las condiciones ambientales impiden que se pueda captar la suficiente energía del Sol. On the other hand, there is a support system formed by a diesel generator (7) coupled to a fuel tank (8) independent from that of the tractor unit, which only works when environmental conditions prevent sufficient energy from being captured from the Sun.
Y finalmente existe también la posibilidad de conectar los sistemas a la red eléctrica cuando se disponga de ella. And finally there is also the possibility of connecting the systems to the power grid when it is available.
De esta manera, cuando la radiación solar sea adecuada, el sistema fotovoltaico proporciona la suficiente energía para mantener cargadas las baterías (3) y alimentar al equipo frigorífico (5). En aquellos momentos en los que no exista radiación solar o ésta sea insuficiente, el equipo frigorífico (5) se alimenta de las baterías (3) que previamente han sido cargadas por los módulos fotovoltaico (1 ). In this way, when the solar radiation is adequate, the photovoltaic system provides enough energy to keep the batteries charged (3) and feed the refrigeration equipment (5). In those moments in which there is no or insufficient solar radiation, the refrigeration equipment (5) is powered by batteries (3) that have previously been charged by photovoltaic modules (1).
En el caso en que la falta de radiación solar sea prolongada y las baterías lleguen a agotarse, se pondrá en marcha el generador diesel (7) auxiliar que mantendrá en funcionamiento el equipo de refrigeración (5) y recargará las baterías (3), o bien, si existe disponibilidad, el sistema se conecta a la red eléctrica para realizar la carga de las baterías (3) y mantener funcionando los equipos de frío (5). Así pues, el sistema de control del sistema de refrigeración del semirremolque refrigerado puede seleccionar, en función de la energía generada, entre tres tipos de aporte de energía: In the event that the lack of solar radiation is prolonged and the batteries become depleted, the auxiliary diesel generator (7) that will keep the cooling equipment (5) running and recharge the batteries (3) will start up, or Well, if there is availability, the system is connected to the mains to charge the batteries (3) and keep the cold equipment (5) running. Thus, the control system of the refrigeration system of the refrigerated semi-trailer can select, depending on the energy generated, from three types of energy supply:
° energía solar fotovoltaica  ° photovoltaic solar energy
° energía producida por el motor de combustión interna  ° energy produced by the internal combustion engine
° energía eléctrica procedente de la red.  ° electrical energy from the network.
Dado que durante gran parte del tiempo los vehículos se encuentran estacionados en la base de la empresa de transporte, se utilizan los sistemas fotovoltaicos instalados en los semirremolques como generadores de energía eléctrica para ser inyectada a la red eléctrica, de manera que en ningún caso dejen de aprovecharse las posibilidades que este tipo de tecnología ofrece. El sistema de control utilizado adapta la generación de energía eléctrica de origen renovable y su acumulación a los semirremolques frigoríficos e integra a todos los sistemas auxiliares para optimizar su funcionamiento en un entorno de trabajo variable. Since the vehicles are parked at the base of the transport company for much of the time, the photovoltaic systems installed in the semi-trailers are used as generators of electricity to be injected into the electricity grid, so that in no case do they leave to take advantage of the possibilities that this type of technology offers. The control system used adapts the generation of electricity of renewable origin and its accumulation to the refrigerated semi-trailers and integrates all auxiliary systems to optimize its operation in a variable working environment.
Los módulos fotovoltaicos (1) de la presente invención, tal como se describe en la Figura 3, utilizan materiales plásticos en vez de aluminio anodizado para el marco soporte (1 1) y el vidrio templado (10) es de menor espesor que los utilizados en los módulos convencionales con el fin de reducir el peso del campo generador y ayudar a que el rendimiento energético del vehículo sea mayor. Por otro lado, las baterías (3) utilizadas son de Litio-Ion, que destacan por tener una mayor densidad de carga, además de menos peso y volumen, en torno a un 50% menos a las baterías de Plomo-Ácido. The photovoltaic modules (1) of the present invention, as described in Figure 3, use plastic materials instead of anodized aluminum for the support frame (1 1) and the tempered glass (10) is thinner than those used in conventional modules in order to reduce the weight of the generator field and help to increase the energy efficiency of the vehicle. On the other hand, the batteries (3) used are Lithium-Ion, which stand out for having a higher charge density, in addition to less weight and volume, around 50% less than Lead-Acid batteries.
Así pues, los módulos fotovoltaicos (1) como los sistemas de acumulación de energía donde se almacenará la energía generada por éstos, están integrados en los semirremolques frigoríficos, son poco pesados, para no sobrecargar el vehículo y disminuir su carga útil, y de alto rendimiento, para que en poco espacio producir la máxima potencia eléctrica. Thus, the photovoltaic modules (1), such as the energy accumulation systems where the energy generated by them will be stored, are integrated in the refrigerated semi-trailers, are not very heavy, so as not to overload the vehicle and reduce its payload, and high performance, so that in a small space produce maximum electrical power.
BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DE FIGURAS La figura 1 muestra el esquema de una instalación fotovoltaica aislada de red. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES Figure 1 shows the scheme of an isolated grid photovoltaic installation.
La figura 2 corresponde con un esquema de un semirremolques frigoríficos con la ubicación de los distintos equipos que la componen. Figure 2 corresponds to a scheme of a refrigerated semitrailer with the location of the different equipment that compose it.
La figura 3 representa una sección trasversal esquemática de un módulo fotovoltaico y su soporte. Figure 3 represents a schematic cross section of a photovoltaic module and its support.
DESCRIPCIÓN DETALLADA DE LAS FIGURAS DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Una instalación fotovoltaica aislada de red está formada un grupo generador, formado por una extensión de paneles solares fotovoltaicos (1), un regulador de carga (4), un grupo acumulador o baterías (3) y un inversor (2). Durante las horas de insolación, los paneles fotovoltaicos (1) producen energía eléctrica en forma de corriente continua que es almacenada en las baterías (3). En los momentos de consumo energético, las baterías (3) suministran a los receptores, en este caso el equipo frigorífico (5), esta electricidad, que es transformada en corriente alterna por el inversor (2). An isolated grid photovoltaic system is formed by a generator group, consisting of an extension of photovoltaic solar panels (1), a charge controller (4), an accumulator or battery group (3) and an inverter (2). During the hours of insolation, the photovoltaic panels (1) produce electrical energy in the form of direct current that is stored in the batteries (3). In the moments of energy consumption, the batteries (3) supply the receivers, in this case the refrigeration equipment (5), this electricity, which is transformed into alternating current by the inverter (2).
La energía solar fotovoltaica se basa en el efecto fotoeléctrico para convertir directamente la energía de los rayos solares en electricidad. Para obtener una corriente eléctrica se ha de crear una diferencia de potencial eléctrico. Se deben usar materiales conductores ya que sus electrones tienen una actividad más elevada y permiten crear flujo eléctrico fácilmente. Photovoltaic solar energy relies on the photoelectric effect to directly convert the energy of solar rays into electricity. To obtain an electric current, an electric potential difference must be created. Conductive materials should be used since their electrons have a higher activity and allow to create electric flow easily.
Las módulos solares fotovoltaicos (1) usan ciertos materiales semiconductores, como el silicio, que absorben los fotones y los convierten en una corriente continua de electrones, es decir, en electricidad. Esta electricidad se recoge mediante unos hilos metálicos que al final la conducen hacia el regulador (4). Photovoltaic solar modules (1) use certain semiconductor materials, such as silicon, that absorb photons and convert them into a continuous current of electrons, that is, electricity. This electricity is collected by means of metallic wires that eventually lead to the regulator (4).
El regulador de carga (4) controla la entrada de electricidad en la batería (3) y la protege de sobrecargas o bajadas de tensión que podrían dañarla. El inversor (2) sirve para convertir la corriente continua producida por el campo fotovoltaico en corriente alterna de onda senoidal, que es la que se utiliza en la alimentación de los equipos frigoríficos (5) convenciones. The charge controller (4) controls the entry of electricity into the battery (3) and protects it from overloads or voltage drops that could damage it. The inverter (2) serves to convert the direct current produced by the photovoltaic field into alternating current of sine wave, which is the one used in the feeding of refrigeration equipment (5) conventions.
El semirremolque frigoríficos está formado por una caja isoterma (9) y los equipos encargados de de proporcionar la capacidad frigorífica suficiente para mantener controlada la temperatura del interior de la caja isorterma (9), como son el equipo frigorífico (5), el motor eléctrico (6) y el generador diesel, motor térmico, (7) que consumo combustible, gasoil, almacenado en el depósito de combustible (8). En la presente invención se quiere integrar los equipos necesarios para abastecer de energía eléctrica de origen renovable a este semirremolque, como son los módulos fotovoltaicos (1) y las baterías (3). The refrigerated semi-trailer is formed by an isothermal box (9) and the equipment responsible for providing sufficient refrigeration capacity to keep the temperature inside the isorterma box (9) controlled, such as the refrigeration equipment (5), the electric motor (6) and the diesel generator, thermal engine, (7) that consumes fuel, diesel, stored in the fuel tank (8). In the present invention it is intended to integrate the necessary equipment to supply renewable energy to this semi-trailer, such as photovoltaic modules (1) and batteries (3).
En un corte trasversal de los módulos fotovoltaicos (1) y su estructura para integrarla en el semirremolque frigorífico se observan los siguientes elementos como la goma butílica (12), el contacto eléctrico (13), la célula (14), la lámina de tediar (15), el taladro de fijación (16) y el encapsulante EVA (17). In a cross-section of the photovoltaic modules (1) and its structure to integrate it in the refrigerated semi-trailer, the following elements are observed such as butyl rubber (12), electrical contact (13), cell (14), tediar sheet (15), the fixing hole (16) and the EVA encapsulant (17).

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1. - SISTEMA DE TRANSPORTE DE MERCANCÍAS A TEMPERATURA CONTROLADA MEDIANTE LA INTEGRACIÓN DE LA ENERGÍA SOLAR FOTOVOLTAICA A LOS SEMIRREMOLQUES CON INSTALACIÓN FRIGORÍFICA caracterizado por incorporar una estructura portante, marco soporte (1 1), para la fijación del sistema de generación de energía eléctrica a partir de módulos fotovoltaicos (1) situados sobre la caja del semirremolque que permita la ventilación en la parte inferior de los módulo fotovoltaicos (1) para evitar su calentamiento y la consiguiente pérdida de rendimiento (0 - 2% mayor frente a las pérdidas de rendimiento de una instalación fija convencional). 1. - SYSTEM OF TRANSPORT OF GOODS TO CONTROLLED TEMPERATURE THROUGH THE INTEGRATION OF THE PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR ENERGY TO THE SEMIRREMOLQUES WITH FRIGORIAL INSTALLATION characterized by incorporating a supporting structure, support frame (1 1), for fixing the electric power generation system to from photovoltaic modules (1) located on the box of the semi-trailer that allows ventilation in the lower part of the photovoltaic modules (1) to prevent its heating and the consequent loss of performance (0 - 2% higher compared to performance losses of a conventional fixed installation).
2. - SISTEMA DE TRANSPORTE DE MERCANCÍAS A TEMPERATURA CONTROLADA MEDIANTE LA INTEGRACIÓN DE LA ENERGÍA SOLAR FOTOVOLTAICA A LOS SEMIRREMOLQUES CON INSTALACIÓN FRIGORÍFICA, según la reivindicación anterior, caracterizado porque el marco soporte (1 1) está fabricados en material plástico para reducir su peso no tarar en exceso el semirremolque. 2. - SYSTEM OF TRANSPORT OF GOODS TO CONTROLLED TEMPERATURE THROUGH THE INTEGRATION OF THE PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR ENERGY TO THE SEMIRREMOLQUES WITH FRIGORIAL INSTALLATION, according to the previous claim, characterized in that the support frame (1 1) is made of plastic material to reduce its weight not tare the semitrailer excessively.
3. - SISTEMA DE TRANSPORTE DE MERCANCÍAS A TEMPERATURA CONTROLADA MEDIANTE LA INTEGRACIÓN DE LA ENERGÍA SOLAR FOTOVOLTAICA A LOS SEMIRREMOLQUES CON INSTALACIÓN FRIGORÍFICA, según la reivindicación anterior, caracterizado porque los módulos fotovoltaicos (1) se integran en todas la superficie del semirremolque utilizando el máximo número de células, adaptándose al voltaje de las baterías (3), para maximizar la potencia instalada. 3. - SYSTEM OF TRANSPORT OF GOODS TO CONTROLLED TEMPERATURE THROUGH THE INTEGRATION OF THE PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR ENERGY TO THE SEMIRREMOLQUES WITH FRIGORIAL INSTALLATION, according to the previous claim, characterized in that the photovoltaic modules (1) are integrated in all the surface of the semi-trailer using the maximum number of cells, adapting to the voltage of the batteries (3), to maximize the installed power.
4.- SISTEMA DE TRANSPORTE DE MERCANCÍAS A TEMPERATURA CONTROLADA MEDIANTE LA INTEGRACIÓN DE LA ENERGÍA SOLAR FOTOVOLTAICA A LOS SEMIRREMOLQUES CON INSTALACIÓN FRIGORÍFICA, según las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque los módulos fotovoltaicos (1) reducen su peso, mediante el uso de cristales templados (10) de espesor menor de 3 mm. 4.- SYSTEM OF TRANSPORT OF GOODS TO CONTROLLED TEMPERATURE THROUGH THE INTEGRATION OF THE PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR ENERGY TO THE SEMIRREMOLQUES WITH FRIGORIAL INSTALLATION, according to the previous claims, characterized in that the photovoltaic modules (1) reduce their weight, using tempered glass ( 10) less than 3 mm thick.
5.- SISTEMA DE TRANSPORTE DE MERCANCÍAS A TEMPERATURA CONTROLADA MEDIANTE LA INTEGRACIÓN DE LA ENERGÍA SOLAR FOTOVOLTAICA A LOS SEMIRREMOLQUES CON INSTALACIÓN FRIGORÍFICA, según las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado por la utilización de baterías (3) de Litio-Ion, para el almacenaje de la energía proveniente de los módulos fotovoltaicos (1), con una relación mayor de 140 Wh/kg para no tarar en exceso el semirremolque. 5.- SYSTEM OF TRANSPORT OF GOODS TO CONTROLLED TEMPERATURE THROUGH THE INTEGRATION OF THE PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR ENERGY TO THE SEMIRREMOLQUES WITH FRIGORIAL INSTALLATION, according to the previous claims, characterized by the use of batteries (3) of Lithium-Ion, for the storage of the energy from the photovoltaic modules (1), with a ratio greater than 140 Wh / kg so as not to over-tare the semi-trailer.
6. - SISTEMA DE TRANSPORTE DE MERCANCÍAS A TEMPERATURA CONTROLADA MEDIANTE LA INTEGRACIÓN DE LA ENERGÍA SOLAR FOTOVOLTAICA A LOS SEMIRREMOLQUES CON INSTALACIÓN FRIGORÍFICA, según las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque el equipo frigorífico (5) se alimenta de la energía eléctrica de la red, de la solar fotovoltaica o de un motor de combustión (7). 6. - SYSTEM OF TRANSPORT OF GOODS TO CONTROLLED TEMPERATURE THROUGH THE INTEGRATION OF THE PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR ENERGY TO THE SEMIRREMOLQUES WITH FRIGORIAL INSTALLATION, according to the previous claims, characterized in that the refrigerating equipment (5) is fed by the electrical energy of the network, of the solar photovoltaic or a combustion engine (7).
7. - SISTEMA DE TRANSPORTE DE MERCANCÍAS A TEMPERATURA CONTROLADA MEDIANTE LA INTEGRACIÓN DE LA ENERGÍA SOLAR FOTOVOLTAICA A LOS SEMIRREMOLQUES CON INSTALACIÓN FRIGORÍFICA, según las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque la energía almacenada en las baterías (3) puede ser vertida a la red o a otro equipo consumidor como una electrolinera, obteniendo un beneficio económico por la venta del excedente eléctrico, en el caso que no funcione el equipo frigorífico (5). 7. - SYSTEM OF TRANSPORT OF GOODS TO CONTROLLED TEMPERATURE THROUGH THE INTEGRATION OF THE PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR ENERGY TO THE SEMIRREMOLQUES WITH FRIGORIAL INSTALLATION, according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the energy stored in the batteries (3) can be discharged to the grid or to another consumer equipment such as an electric station, obtaining an economic benefit from the sale of the electrical surplus, in the event that the refrigerating equipment does not work (5).
PCT/ES2014/070357 2013-07-18 2014-04-23 System for transporting merchandise at a controlled temperature by incorporating photovoltaic solar energy into semi-trailers with a refrigeration installation WO2015007932A1 (en)

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ES201300661U ES1103507Y (en) 2013-07-18 2013-07-18 Temperature controlled freight transport system by integrating photovoltaic solar energy to semi-trailers with refrigeration systems

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