WO2014069469A1

WO2014069469A1 - Production method for positive electrode active material

Info

Publication number: WO2014069469A1
Application number: PCT/JP2013/079294
Authority: WO
Inventors: 酒井　智弘
Original assignee: 旭硝子株式会社
Priority date: 2012-10-29
Filing date: 2013-10-29
Publication date: 2014-05-08
Also published as: JPWO2014069469A1; JP6259771B2

Abstract

Provided is a production method for a positive electrode active material, capable of readily producing a positive electrode active material having excellent cycle characteristics even when same is a Li-rich positive electrode active material. The production method for positive electrode active materials has: a step in which at least one type of sulfate (A) selected from a group comprising a Ni sulfate, a Co sulfate, and a Mn sulfate, an Al sulfate, and at least one type of carbonate (B) selected from a group comprising sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate are mixed in an aqueous salutation state, and a co-precipitation compound including at least one type of transition metal element (X) selected from a group comprising Ni, Co, and Mn, and Al is obtained; and a step in which the co-precipitation compound and lithium carbonate are mixed, and baked at 500-1,000°C.

Description

Method for producing positive electrode active material

The present invention relates to a method for producing a positive electrode active material.

Lithium ion secondary batteries are widely used in portable electronic devices such as mobile phones and notebook computers. As a positive electrode active material of a lithium ion secondary battery, a positive electrode active material (LiCoO ₂ , LiNiO ₂ , LiNi _0.8 Co _0.2 O ₂ , LiMn ₂ O _4, etc.) made of a composite oxide containing Li and a transition metal element .)It has been known. For example, a lithium ion secondary battery using LiCoO ₂ as a positive electrode active material and using a lithium alloy, graphite, carbon fiber, or the like as a negative electrode can be widely used as a battery having a high energy density because a high voltage of about 4 V can be obtained. Has been.

Small size and light weight are required for lithium ion secondary batteries for portable electronic devices and in-vehicle use. Therefore, the lithium ion secondary battery has a discharge capacity per unit mass (hereinafter simply referred to as “discharge capacity”) and characteristics that make it difficult to reduce the discharge capacity and the average discharge voltage after repeated charge / discharge cycles (hereinafter referred to as “discharge capacity”). It is also called “cycle characteristics”).

The positive electrode active material having a high discharge capacity is a positive electrode made of a complex oxide (hereinafter also referred to as “Li-rich positive electrode active material”) having a high Li ratio to a transition metal element such as the following positive electrode active material (i). Active materials are attracting attention.
(I) including a solid solution of a lithium transition metal composite oxide having an α-NaFeO ₂ type crystal structure, wherein the composition ratio of Li and transition metal element contained in the solid solution is a composition formula Li _{1 + 1 / 3x} Co _1-xy A positive electrode active material satisfying Ni _{y / 2} Mn _{2x / 3 + y / 2} (x + y ≦ 1, 0 ≦ y and 1/3 <x ≦ 2/3) (Patent Document 1).

However, the positive electrode active material (i) tends to elute Mn into the electrolytic solution by coming into contact with a decomposition product generated from the electrolytic solution by charging at a high voltage. For this reason, the crystal structure of the positive electrode active material (i) tends to be unstable, and sufficient cycle characteristics cannot be obtained.
Therefore, the following method (ii) has been proposed as a method for obtaining a Li-rich positive electrode active material having excellent cycle characteristics.

(Ii) Lithium transition metal composite oxide containing Li and Co, Ni, and Mn obtained by the carbonate coprecipitation step and the firing step is added to the aluminum nitrate solution, mixed, homogenized, and then fluorinated. A method of coating the surface of the lithium transition metal composite oxide with aluminum fluoride by adding ammonium and baking the solid content obtained by filtration (Patent Document 2). However, in the method (ii), the production process becomes complicated because the production process of the positive electrode active material increases.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2009-152114 Japan Special Table 2012-1211809

The present invention provides a method for producing a positive electrode active material capable of easily producing a positive electrode active material having excellent discharge capacity and cycle characteristics.

The gist of the present invention is as follows.
(1) A method for producing a positive electrode active material, comprising the following steps (I) and (II).
(I) at least one sulfate (A) selected from the group consisting of Ni sulfate, Co sulfate and Mn sulfate;
Al sulfate and
At least one carbonate (B) selected from the group consisting of sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate,
A step of mixing in the state of an aqueous solution to obtain a coprecipitated compound containing Al and at least one transition metal element (X) selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co and Mn.
(II) A step of mixing the coprecipitated compound and lithium carbonate and baking at 500 to 1000 ° C.
(2) In the step (I), the pH of the mixed solution when the sulfate (A), the sulfate of Al and the carbonate (B) are mixed is 7 to 12, The manufacturing method of the positive electrode active material of description.
(3) In the step (I), the proportion of Al contained in the coprecipitation compound is 0.01 to 5 mol% with respect to the total number of moles of the transition metal element (X) and the number of moles of Al. The method for producing a positive electrode active material according to the above (1) or (2).

(4) Any of the above (1) to (3), wherein the concentration of the transition metal element (X) in the aqueous solution of the sulfate (A) is 0.1 to 3 mol / kg in the step (I) The manufacturing method of the positive electrode active material of one term.
(5) The process according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein in the step (I), the concentration of Al in the aqueous solution of Al sulfate is 0.001 to 0.15 mol / kg. Of manufacturing positive electrode active material.
(6) Any one of the above (1) to (5), wherein in the step (I), the concentration of the carbonate (B) in the aqueous solution of the carbonate (B) is 0.1 to 2 mol / kg. The manufacturing method of the positive electrode active material of description.

(7) Any one of (1) to (6) above, wherein the particle size (D50) of the coprecipitated compound in the step (I) is 4 to 20 μm and the specific surface area is 50 to 300 m ² / g. The manufacturing method of the positive electrode active material of description.
(8) In the step (II), the number of moles of Li contained in lithium carbonate is 1.1 times or more with respect to the total number of moles of the transition metal element (X). The manufacturing method of the positive electrode active material as described in any one of 7).
(9) The method for producing a positive electrode active material according to any one of (1) to (8), wherein the obtained positive electrode active material is a compound (1) represented by the following formula (1).
Li _{1 + a} Ni _b Co _c Mn _d Al _e O _{2 + f} (1)
(In the formula (1), a to e are 0.1 ≦ a ≦ 0.6, 0.095 ≦ b ≦ 0.5, 0 ≦ c ≦ 0.3, 0.28 ≦ d ≦ 0, respectively. .85, 0.9 ≦ b + c + d ≦ 1.05, 0.0001 ≦ e ≦ 0.05, f is a numerical value determined by the valences of Li, Ni, Co, Mn and Al.)

According to the method for producing a positive electrode active material of the present invention, a positive electrode active material having excellent discharge capacity and cycle characteristics can be easily produced.

In this specification, Li represents a lithium element. Similarly, Ni, Co, Mn, Al, etc. also indicate each element.

<Method for producing positive electrode active material>
The method for producing a positive electrode active material of the present invention is a method for producing a positive electrode active material containing Li, at least one transition metal element (X) selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, and Mn, and Al. . The manufacturing method of the positive electrode active material of this invention has the following process (I) and process (II).

[Step (I)]
In step (I) in the production method of the present invention, sulfate (A), Al sulfate and carbonate (B) are mixed in an aqueous solution state. You may use an additive further as needed. Thereby, the coprecipitation compound containing transition metal element (X) and Al precipitates.
The aspect in which the sulfate (A), the Al sulfate and the carbonate (B) are mixed in the state of an aqueous solution is such that the sulfate (A), the Al sulfate and the carbonate (B) are mixed. If it is in the state of aqueous solution, it will not specifically limit. Specifically, since the coprecipitation compound is easy to precipitate and the particle diameter is easy to control, an aqueous solution of sulfate (A), an aqueous solution of Al sulfate, and an aqueous solution of carbonate (B) are added to the reaction vessel. It is preferable to add continuously. Furthermore, since sulfate (A) and Al sulfate can be mixed more uniformly, after preparing an aqueous solution containing sulfate (A) and Al sulfate, sulfate (A) and Al sulfate are included. More preferably, the aqueous solution and the carbonate (B) aqueous solution are continuously added. It is preferable to put ion exchange water, pure water, distilled water, etc. in the reaction tank in advance, and it is more preferable to control the pH using a carbonate (B), an additive described later, or the like.
When two or more types of sulfate (A) are used, the aqueous solution of sulfate (A) may be two or more types of aqueous solutions separately containing two or more types of sulfate (A). It is good also as 1 type of aqueous solution containing the sulfate (A). Moreover, you may use together the aqueous solution containing 1 type of sulfates (A), and the aqueous solution containing 2 or more types of sulfates (A). The same applies when two types of carbonate (B) are used.
The pH of the mixed solution when the sulfate (A), the sulfate of Al and the carbonate (B) are mixed is preferably 7 to 12, and more preferably 7.5 to 10. If the pH is within the above range, a single-phase carbonate coprecipitated compound tends to precipitate.

The sulfate (A) is at least one sulfate selected from the group consisting of Ni sulfate, Co sulfate and Mn sulfate.
Examples of Ni sulfate include nickel sulfate (II) hexahydrate, nickel sulfate (II) heptahydrate, nickel sulfate (II) ammonium hexahydrate, and the like.
Examples of the sulfate of Co include cobalt (II) sulfate heptahydrate and cobalt (II) ammonium sulfate hexahydrate.
Examples of the sulfate of Mn include manganese sulfate (II) pentahydrate, manganese sulfate (II) ammonium hexahydrate, and the like.

A sulfate (A) may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together.
The sulfate (A) preferably contains Ni sulfate and Mn sulfate from the viewpoint of easily obtaining a lithium ion secondary battery having a high discharge capacity. Ni sulfate, Co sulfate and Mn It is more preferable to use a combination of sulfates. That is, it is preferable to precipitate a coprecipitation compound containing Ni and Mn as the transition metal element (X), and it is more preferable to precipitate a coprecipitation compound containing Ni, Co and Mn as the transition metal element (X). That is, the coprecipitation compound is preferably a carbonate containing Ni and Mn as the transition metal element (X), and more preferably a carbonate containing Ni, Co and Mn as the transition metal element (X).

Examples of the sulfate of Al include anhydrous aluminum sulfate (III), aluminum sulfate (III), 14 to 18 hydrate, aluminum sulfate (III) potassium, dodecahydrate, and the like.

The carbonate (B) is at least one selected from the group consisting of sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate. Carbonate (B) serves as a pH adjuster for coprecipitation of Ni, Co and Mn.
As the carbonate (B), either sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate may be used alone, or sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate may be used in combination.

The ratio of the number of moles of Ni contained in the sulfate of Ni is preferably 9.5 to 50 mol%, and 14.2 to 45 mol% with respect to the total number of moles (100 mol%) of the transition metal element (X) and Al. Is more preferable, and 19 to 40 mol% is particularly preferable. If the ratio of the amount of Ni is not less than the lower limit value, a positive electrode active material exhibiting a high discharge voltage can be obtained. If the ratio of the amount of Ni is not more than the upper limit value, a positive electrode active material exhibiting a high discharge capacity can be obtained.

The ratio of the number of moles of Co contained in the sulfate of Co is preferably 0 to 30 mol%, more preferably 0 to 20 mol%, based on the total number of moles of transition metal element (X) and Al (100 mol%). 0 to 15 mol% is particularly preferable. When the proportion of the amount of Co is not more than the upper limit value, a positive electrode active material exhibiting excellent cycle characteristics can be obtained.

The ratio of the number of moles of Mn contained in the sulfate of Mn is preferably 28.5 to 85 mol%, more preferably 38 to 80 mol% with respect to the total number of moles (100 mol%) of the transition metal element (X) and Al. Preferably, 38 to 70 mol% is particularly preferable. When the ratio of the amount of Mn is not less than the lower limit value, a positive electrode active material exhibiting a high discharge capacity can be obtained. If the ratio of the amount of Mn is not more than the upper limit value, a positive electrode active material exhibiting a high discharge voltage can be obtained.

The proportion of the number of moles of Al contained in the sulfate of Al is preferably 0.01 to 5 mol%, preferably 0.1 to 5 mol%, based on the total number of moles (100 mol%) of the transition metal element (X) and Al. Is more preferable, and 0.1 to 2 mol% is particularly preferable. When the proportion of the amount of Al is not less than the lower limit value, a positive electrode active material exhibiting excellent cycle characteristics can be obtained. If the ratio of the amount of Al is not more than the upper limit value, the impurity phase is difficult to be produced.

The concentration of the transition metal element (X) in the aqueous solution of the sulfate (A) is preferably from 0.1 to 3 mol / kg, more preferably from 0.5 to 2.5 mol / kg. If the concentration is equal to or higher than the lower limit, productivity is high. If the said density | concentration is below an upper limit, a sulfate (A) can fully be dissolved.
When using 2 or more types of aqueous solution containing a sulfate (A), it is preferable to make the density | concentration of a transition metal element (X) into the said range about each aqueous solution.

The concentration of Al in the aqueous solution of Al sulfate is preferably 0.001 to 0.15 mol / kg, and more preferably 0.005 to 0.125 mol / kg. If the concentration is equal to or higher than the lower limit, productivity is high. If the concentration is not more than the upper limit, the Al sulfate can be sufficiently dissolved.
When the aqueous solution containing both the sulfate (A) and the Al sulfate is used, it is preferable that the respective concentrations of the sulfate (A) and the Al sulfate are within the above ranges.
The coprecipitated compound obtained in step (I) is preferably a coprecipitated carbonate containing Ni, Mn and Al, or a coprecipitated carbonate containing Ni, Co, Mn and Al.

The concentration of carbonate (B) in the aqueous solution of carbonate (B) is preferably from 0.1 to 2 mol / kg, more preferably from 0.5 to 2 mol / kg. If the density | concentration of the said carbonate (B) is in the said range, a coprecipitation compound will precipitate easily.
When using 2 or more types of aqueous solution containing a sulfate (B), it is preferable to make the density | concentration of a sulfate (B) into the said range about each aqueous solution.

The solvent used for the aqueous solution of the sulfate (A), Al sulfate and carbonate (B) is water as long as the sulfate (A), Al sulfate and carbonate (B) are in a range that dissolves. Or an aqueous medium containing components other than water in addition to water.
Examples of the component other than water include methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, polyol and the like. Examples of the polyol include ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, butanediol, glycerin and the like.
The proportion of components other than water in the aqueous medium is preferably 0 to 20% by mass, more preferably 0 to 10% by mass, particularly preferably 0 to 1% by mass, and most preferably not contained. If the ratio of components other than water is not more than the upper limit value, it is excellent in terms of environment, handleability, and cost.

When the sulfate (A), the sulfate of Al, and the carbonate (B) are mixed in the state of an aqueous solution, it is preferably performed while stirring in the reaction vessel.
As a stirring apparatus, a three-one motor etc. are mentioned, for example. Examples of the stirring blade include a stirring blade such as an anchor type, a propeller type, and a paddle type.

The temperature of the mixed solution when the sulfate (A), the sulfate of Al and the carbonate (B) are mixed in the state of an aqueous solution is 20 to 80 ° C. because the coprecipitate compound is likely to precipitate. Preferably, it is 25 to 60 ° C.
In addition, when the sulfate (A), the sulfate of Al, and the carbonate (B) are mixed in the state of an aqueous solution, from the point of suppressing the oxidation of the precipitated coprecipitated compound, in a nitrogen atmosphere or argon It is preferable to perform the mixing under an atmosphere, and it is particularly preferable to perform the mixing under a nitrogen atmosphere from the viewpoint of cost.

As the additive, for example, ammonia or an ammonium salt may be used in order to adjust the pH and the solubility of the transition metal element (X). Examples of ammonium salts include ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, and ammonium nitrate.
The ammonia or ammonium salt is preferably supplied to the mixed solution simultaneously with the supply of the sulfate (A) and the sulfate of Al.

The preferred ranges of the respective proportions of Ni, Co and Mn in the obtained coprecipitated compound are the same as the preferred ranges of the respective proportions of Ni, Co and Mn in the sulfate (A) and the sulfate of Al. It is. Thereby, an appropriate particle diameter and a spherical coprecipitation compound are easy to be obtained.
The preferable range of the ratio of Al to the total amount of transition metal element (X) and Al in the obtained coprecipitation compound is the above-mentioned sulfate (A) and transition metal element (X) in the sulfate of Al. And the preferred range of the proportion of Al in the sulfate of Al with respect to the total amount of Al. Thereby, the positive electrode active material which shows the outstanding cycling characteristics is obtained.

The particle size (D50) of the coprecipitated compound is preferably 4 to 20 μm, more preferably 5 to 18 μm, and particularly preferably 6 to 15 μm. When the particle size of the coprecipitation compound is within the above range, the particle size of the positive electrode active material described later can be easily controlled within a preferable range, and a positive electrode active material exhibiting sufficient battery characteristics can be easily obtained.
The particle diameter (D50) means a particle diameter at a point of 50% in a cumulative volume distribution curve with a total volume of 100% of a particle size distribution obtained on a volume basis, that is, a volume-based cumulative 50% diameter. The particle size (D50) of the coprecipitated compound is measured in the same manner as the particle size (D50) of the positive electrode active material described later.

The specific surface area of the coprecipitated compound is preferably 50 ~ 300m ² / g, more preferably 100 ~ 250m ² / g. When the specific surface area of the coprecipitation compound is within the above range, the specific surface area of the positive electrode active material described later can be easily controlled within a preferable range, and a positive electrode active material exhibiting a high discharge capacity can be easily obtained.
The specific surface area of the coprecipitated compound is measured in the same manner as the specific surface area of the positive electrode active material described later.

The step (I) preferably has a step of removing the aqueous solution by filtration or centrifugation after the coprecipitation compound is precipitated. As filtration or centrifugation, a pressure filter, a vacuum filter, a centrifugal classifier, a filter press, a screw press, a rotary dehydrator, or the like can be used.
The obtained coprecipitated compound is preferably washed to remove impurity ions. Examples of the coprecipitation compound washing method include a method of repeating pressure filtration and dispersion in distilled water.

The obtained coprecipitated compound is preferably dried. In particular, when washing is performed, it is preferable to dry the coprecipitation compound after washing.
The drying temperature of the coprecipitation compound is preferably 60 to 200 ° C, more preferably 80 to 130 ° C. If the said drying temperature is more than a lower limit, a coprecipitation compound can be dried in a short time. If the said drying temperature is below an upper limit, it can suppress that a coprecipitation compound oxidizes.
The drying time of the coprecipitated compound is preferably 1 to 300 hours, more preferably 5 to 120 hours.

[Step (II)]
In step (II), the coprecipitated compound obtained in step (I) and lithium carbonate are mixed and baked at 500 to 1000 ° C.
Examples of the method of mixing the coprecipitation compound and lithium carbonate include a method using a rocking mixer, a nauta mixer, a spiral mixer, a cutter mill, a V mixer, and the like.

In the step (II), the number of moles of Li contained in the lithium carbonate is preferably 1.1 times or more with respect to the total number of moles of the transition metal element (X) contained in the coprecipitation compound. If the said ratio is more than a lower limit, a high discharge capacity will be obtained.
The number of moles of the total amount of Li contained in lithium carbonate is more preferably 1.1 to 1.6 times, and more preferably 1.1 to 1.4 times the total number of moles of the transition metal element (X). A ratio of 2 times or less is particularly preferable. When the ratio is within the range, a high discharge capacity can be obtained.

An electric furnace, a continuous firing furnace, a rotary kiln or the like can be used for the firing apparatus. Since the coprecipitated compound is oxidized during firing, the firing is preferably performed in the air, and particularly preferably performed while supplying air.
The air supply rate is preferably 10 to 200 mL / min, more preferably 40 to 150 mL / min per liter of the furnace internal volume.
By supplying air at the time of firing, the transition metal element (X) in the coprecipitation compound is sufficiently oxidized, and a positive electrode active material having high crystallinity and having a target crystal phase is obtained.

The firing temperature is 500 to 1000 ° C., preferably 600 to 1000 ° C., and particularly preferably 800 to 950 ° C. When the firing temperature is within the above range, a positive electrode active material with high crystallinity can be obtained.
The firing time is preferably 4 to 40 hours, and more preferably 4 to 20 hours.

The firing may be one-stage firing at 500 to 1000 ° C., or two-stage firing in which main firing is performed at 700 to 1000 ° C. after preliminary firing at 400 to 700 ° C. Among these, two-stage firing is preferable because Li easily diffuses uniformly into the positive electrode active material.
In the case of the two-stage firing, the temperature for temporary firing is preferably 400 to 700 ° C, more preferably 500 to 650 ° C. Further, the temperature of the main firing in the case of two-stage firing is preferably 700 to 1000 ° C., and more preferably 800 to 950 ° C.

[Positive electrode active material]
The positive electrode active material produced by the production method of the present invention is particulate. The particle shape of the positive electrode active material is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a spherical shape, a needle shape, and a plate shape. Especially, since the filling property of a positive electrode active material becomes high at the time of manufacture of a positive electrode, the particle shape of a positive electrode active material has a more preferable spherical shape.

The particle diameter (D50) of the positive electrode active material obtained by the production method of the present invention is preferably 4 to 20 μm, more preferably 5 to 18 μm, and particularly preferably 6 to 15 μm. When the particle diameter (D50) is within the above range, a high discharge capacity can be obtained.
The particle diameter (D50) is measured by the method described in the examples.

The positive electrode active material is preferably secondary particles in which primary particles having a particle diameter (D50) of 10 to 500 nm are aggregated. As a result, when a lithium ion secondary battery is manufactured, the electrolyte is easily spread between the positive electrode active materials in the positive electrode.

The specific surface area of the positive electrode active material is preferably 0.1 ~ ^15m 2 / g, more preferably 2 ~ ^10m 2 / g, particularly preferably 4 ~ ^8m 2 / g. If the specific surface area is not less than the lower limit, a high discharge capacity can be obtained. If the specific surface area is not more than the upper limit, excellent cycle characteristics can be obtained.
The specific surface area is measured by the method described in Examples.

As a positive electrode active material in this invention, the compound (1) represented by the following Formula (1) is preferable.
Li _{1 + a} Ni _b Co _c Mn _d Al _e O _{2 + f} (1)
In the formula (1), a to e are 0.1 ≦ a ≦ 0.6, 0.095 ≦ b ≦ 0.5, 0 ≦ c ≦ 0.3, 0.28 ≦ d ≦ 0, respectively. 85, 0.9 ≦ b + c + d ≦ 1.05, 0.0001 ≦ e ≦ 0.05, and f is a numerical value determined by the valences of Li, Ni, Co, Mn, and Al.
Since a of the compound (1) becomes a positive electrode active material having a high initial discharge capacity and initial discharge voltage, 0.1 ≦ a ≦ 0.4 is more preferable.
In the compound (1), b is more preferably 0.142 ≦ b ≦ 0.45, and particularly preferably 0.19 ≦ b ≦ 0.4, for the same reason as a.
For the same reason as a, c of the compound (1) is more preferably 0 ≦ c ≦ 0.2, and particularly preferably 0 ≦ c ≦ 0.15.
For the same reason as a, d of the compound (1) is more preferably 0.38 ≦ d ≦ 0.85, and particularly preferably 0.38 ≦ d ≦ 0.7.
E of compound (1) is more preferably 0.001 ≦ e ≦ 0.05, and particularly preferably 0.001 ≦ e ≦ 0.02, since both the initial discharge capacity and the cycle characteristics can be achieved.

According to the method for producing a positive electrode active material of the present invention described above, a simple method having a smaller number of steps than the method of coating aluminum fluoride on the surface of the lithium transition metal composite oxide as in Patent Document 2. A positive electrode active material having excellent cycle characteristics can be produced.

The positive electrode active material obtained by the production method of the present invention can be used for forming a positive electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery in a lithium ion secondary battery. The lithium ion secondary battery using the positive electrode active material obtained by the production method of the present invention and the positive electrode for the lithium ion secondary battery have known forms except that the positive electrode active material obtained by the production method of the present invention is used. Can be used without restriction.
As a lithium ion secondary battery, what has a positive electrode for lithium ion secondary batteries, a negative electrode, and a nonaqueous electrolyte is mentioned, for example. The shape of the lithium ion secondary battery is not particularly limited, and shapes such as a coin shape, a sheet shape (film shape), a folded shape, a wound type bottomed cylindrical shape, and a button shape can be appropriately selected according to the application.

Examples of the positive electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery include a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer provided on the positive electrode current collector.
Examples of the positive electrode current collector include an aluminum foil and a stainless steel foil.

The positive electrode active material layer is a layer including the positive electrode active material obtained by the above-described production method of the present invention, a conductive material, and a binder. Furthermore, other components such as a thickener may be included as necessary.
Examples of the conductive material include carbon black such as acetylene black, graphite, and ketjen black. A conductive material may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together.
Examples of the binder include fluorine-based resins (polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, etc.), polyolefins (polyethylene, polypropylene, etc.), and polymers having unsaturated bonds (styrene / butadiene rubber, isoprene rubber, butadiene rubber, etc.) ), Acrylic acid polymers (acrylic acid copolymers, methacrylic acid copolymers, etc.). A binder may be used individually by 1 type and may use 2 or more types together.
A positive electrode active material may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together.

Examples of the thickener include carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, oxidized starch, phosphorylated starch, casein, and polyvinylpyrrolidone. A thickener may be used individually by 1 type and may use 2 or more types together.

Examples of a method for producing a positive electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery include the following methods. A positive electrode active material, a conductive material, and a binder are dissolved or dispersed in a medium to obtain a slurry, or a positive electrode active material, a conductive material, and a binder are kneaded with a medium to obtain a kneaded product. Next, the positive electrode active material layer is formed by coating the obtained slurry or kneaded material on the positive electrode current collector.

The negative electrode is formed by forming a negative electrode active material layer containing a negative electrode active material on a negative electrode current collector.
Examples of the negative electrode current collector include metal foils such as nickel foil and copper foil.
The negative electrode active material may be any material that can occlude and release lithium ions at a relatively low potential. For example, an oxide mainly composed of lithium metal, lithium alloy, carbon material, periodic table 14 or group 15 metal. , Carbon compounds, silicon carbide compounds, silicon oxide compounds, titanium sulfide, boron carbide compounds and the like. Further, as the negative electrode active material, iron oxide, ruthenium oxide, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide, and other oxides and other nitrides may be used.

Examples of the carbon material for the negative electrode active material include non-graphitizable carbon, artificial graphite, natural graphite, pyrolytic carbons, cokes (pitch coke, needle coke, petroleum coke, etc.), graphites, and glassy carbons. Organic polymer compound fired bodies obtained by firing and polymerizing organic polymer compounds (phenol resin, furan resin, etc.) at an appropriate temperature, carbon fibers, activated carbon, carbon blacks and the like.
Examples of the metal of Group 14 of the periodic table include Si and Sn. Among these, Si is preferable as the metal of Group 14 of the periodic table.

The negative electrode is obtained, for example, by preparing a slurry by mixing a negative electrode active material with an organic solvent, applying the prepared slurry to a negative electrode current collector, drying, and pressing.

Examples of the non-aqueous electrolyte include a non-aqueous electrolyte obtained by dissolving an electrolyte salt in an organic solvent, a solid electrolyte containing an electrolyte salt, a solid electrolyte obtained by mixing or dissolving an electrolyte salt in a polymer electrolyte, a polymer compound, and the like. Or a gel electrolyte etc. are mentioned.

As the organic solvent, known organic solvents for non-aqueous electrolytes can be employed, for example, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2-diethoxyethane, Examples thereof include γ-butyrolactone, diethyl ether, sulfolane, methyl sulfolane, acetonitrile, acetic acid ester, butyric acid ester, and propionic acid ester. Among these, from the viewpoint of voltage stability, the organic solvent is preferably a cyclic carbonate such as propylene carbonate, or a chain carbonate such as dimethyl carbonate or diethyl carbonate. An organic solvent may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together.

As the solid electrolyte, any material having lithium ion conductivity may be used, and either an inorganic solid electrolyte or a polymer solid electrolyte may be used.
Examples of the inorganic solid electrolyte include lithium nitride and lithium iodide.
Examples of the polymer solid electrolyte include an electrolyte containing an electrolyte salt and a polymer compound that dissolves the electrolyte salt. Examples of the polymer compound that dissolves the electrolyte salt include ether polymer compounds (poly (ethylene oxide), cross-linked poly (ethylene oxide), etc.), poly (methacrylate) ester polymer compounds, and acrylate polymer compounds. Etc.

The matrix of the gel electrolyte may be any matrix that absorbs the non-aqueous electrolyte and gels, and various polymer compounds can be used. Examples of the polymer compound include fluorine-based polymer compounds (poly (vinylidene fluoride), poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene), etc.), polyacrylonitrile, a copolymer of polyacrylonitrile, an ether-based compound, and the like. And high molecular compounds (polyethylene oxide, polyethylene oxide copolymers, and crosslinked products of the copolymers, etc.). Examples of the monomer copolymerized with polyethylene oxide as the copolymer include methyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, and butyl acrylate.
As the matrix of the gel electrolyte, a fluorine-based polymer compound is particularly preferable among the polymer compounds from the viewpoint of stability against redox reaction.

As the electrolyte salt, known ones used in lithium ion secondary batteries can be used, and examples thereof include LiClO ₄ , LiPF ₆ , LiBF ₄ , CF ₃ SO ₃ Li, and the like.

EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention in detail, this invention is not limited by the following description. Examples 1, 2, 4, and 5 are examples, and examples 3 and 6 are comparative examples.
[Particle size (D50)]
The coprecipitation compound and the positive electrode active material are sufficiently dispersed in water by ultrasonic treatment, and measured with a laser diffraction / scattering type particle size distribution measuring device (device name: MT-3300EX) manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd., frequency distribution and cumulative volume By obtaining a distribution curve, a volume-based particle size distribution was obtained. The particle diameter at the point of 50% in the obtained cumulative volume distribution curve was defined as the particle diameter (D50). In the obtained cumulative volume distribution curve, a particle diameter (D10) which is a particle diameter at a point of 10% and a particle diameter (D90) which is a particle diameter at a point of 90% were also calculated.

[Specific surface area]
The specific surface areas of the coprecipitated compound and the positive electrode active material were measured by a BET (Brunauer, Emmett, Teller) method using a specific surface area measuring device (device name: HM model-1208) manufactured by Mountec.

[Composition analysis (Ni, Co, Mn, Al)]
The composition analysis of the coprecipitated compound was performed with a plasma emission analyzer (manufactured by SII Nanotechnology, model name: SPS3100H).

[Evaluation of cycle characteristics]
(Manufacture of positive electrode sheet)
A positive electrode active material obtained in each example, acetylene black as a conductive material, and polyvinylidene fluoride (binder) were added to N-methylpyrrolidone at a mass ratio of 80:10:10 to prepare a slurry.
Next, the slurry was coated on one side of an aluminum foil (positive electrode current collector) having a thickness of 20 μm with a doctor blade, dried at 120 ° C., and then subjected to roll press rolling twice to produce a positive electrode sheet. .
(Manufacture of lithium ion secondary batteries)
The obtained positive electrode sheet was punched into a circular shape with a diameter of 18 mm as a positive electrode, and a stainless steel simple sealed cell type lithium ion secondary battery was assembled in an argon glove box. A stainless steel plate having a thickness of 1 mm was used as the negative electrode current collector, and a metal lithium foil having a thickness of 500 μm was formed on the negative electrode current collector to form a negative electrode. As the separator, porous polypropylene having a thickness of 25 μm was used. In addition, a solution in which LiPF ₆ was dissolved in a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate (EC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC) at a mass ratio of 1: 1 so that the concentration was 1 mol / dm ³ was used as an electrolytic solution.
(Measurement of discharge capacity maintenance rate)
The obtained lithium ion secondary battery was connected to a charge / discharge evaluation device (manufactured by Toyo System Co., Ltd., device name: TOSCAT-3000), charged to 4.6 V with a load current of 0.1 C / g of active material, The activation treatment was performed by discharging to 2 V at a load current of 0.1 C per 1 g of the substance. Then, the charge / discharge cycle which charges to 4.5V with the load current of 1C per 1g of active material, and discharges to 2V with the load current of 1C per 1g of active material was repeated 100 times. In addition, 1C means the amount of current that can discharge the theoretical capacity of the positive electrode in one hour.
The charge capacity, discharge capacity, and average discharge voltage during the activation treatment were set as the initial charge capacity, discharge capacity, and average discharge voltage, respectively. The ratio of the discharge capacity at the 100th cycle to the discharge capacity at the 3rd cycle was defined as the discharge capacity retention rate.

[Example 1]
Step (I):
Nickel sulfate (II) hexahydrate, cobalt sulfate (II) heptahydrate, manganese sulfate (II) pentahydrate and aluminum sulfate (III) 2 kg of an aqueous sulfate solution was prepared by dissolving in distilled water such that the molar ratio of Co, Mn and Al was as shown in Table 1 and the total amount of sulfate was 1.5 mol / kg. . In addition, 381.2 g of sodium carbonate was dissolved in 2018.8 g of distilled water to prepare 2.4 kg of an aqueous carbonate solution (pH adjusting solution).
Subsequently, distilled water is put into a 2 L baffled glass reaction vessel, heated to 50 ° C. with a mantle heater, and stirred with a paddle type stirring blade, the aqueous sulfate solution is stirred at a rate of 5.0 g / min for 6 hours. The coprecipitation compound containing Ni, Co, Mn, and Al was precipitated. During the addition of the aqueous sulfate solution, an aqueous carbonate solution (pH adjusting solution) was added and mixed so that the pH in the reaction vessel was kept at 8.0. During the precipitation reaction, the liquid was continuously extracted using a filter cloth so that the amount of liquid in the reaction tank did not exceed 2 L.
In order to remove impurity ions from the obtained coprecipitated compound, centrifugal separation and dispersion in distilled water were repeated to wash the coprecipitated compound. When the electrical conductivity of the supernatant reached 20 mS / m, the washing was finished and dried at 120 ° C. for 15 hours to obtain a coprecipitated compound. Table 1 shows the composition analysis results of Ni, Co, Mn and Al in the obtained coprecipitation compound.

Process (II):
18 g of the coprecipitated compound and 7.31 g of lithium carbonate so that the ratio of the number of moles of Li contained in the lithium carbonate to the total number of moles of the transition metal element (X) contained in the coprecipitated compound is 1.28. And mixed. Furthermore, using an electric furnace (FO510, manufactured by Yamato Scientific Co., Ltd.), pre-fired at 600 ° C. for 5 hours and then finally fired at 850 ° C. for 16 hours while flowing air at 133 mL / min per 1 L of the furnace volume. Thus, a positive electrode active material was obtained.
Table 1 shows the particle diameter (D10, D50, D90) and specific surface area of the obtained positive electrode active material.

[Example 2]
Example 1 except that the ratio of the number of moles of Li contained in lithium carbonate to the total number of moles of the transition metal element (X) contained in the coprecipitation compound in the step (II) was changed as shown in Table 1. Similarly, a positive electrode active material was obtained.
Table 1 shows the particle diameter (D10, D50, D90) and specific surface area of the obtained positive electrode active material.

[Example 3]
In step (I), nickel sulfate (II) hexahydrate, cobalt sulfate (II) heptahydrate, and manganese sulfate are used without using aluminum sulfate (III) A positive electrode active material was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of (II) pentahydrate was changed so that the molar ratio of Ni, Co and Mn was as shown in Table 1.
Table 1 shows the particle diameter (D10, D50, D90) and specific surface area of the obtained positive electrode active material.

[Example 4]
In step (I), nickel (II) sulfate hexahydrate, cobalt sulfate (II) heptahydrate, manganese sulfate (II) pentahydrate and aluminum sulfate (III) A coprecipitated compound was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the molar ratio of Ni, Co, Mn and Al was as shown in Table 1.
As in Example 1, except that the ratio of the number of moles of Li contained in lithium carbonate to the total number of moles of the transition metal element (X) contained in the coprecipitation compound was changed to 1.13 in the step (II). Thus, a positive electrode active material was obtained.
Table 1 shows the particle diameter (D10, D50, D90) and specific surface area of the obtained positive electrode active material.

[Example 5]
As in Example 4, except that the ratio of the number of moles of Li contained in lithium carbonate to the total number of moles of the transition metal element (X) contained in the coprecipitation compound was changed to 1.15 in step (II). Thus, a positive electrode active material was obtained.
Table 1 shows the particle diameter (D10, D50, D90) and specific surface area of the obtained positive electrode active material.

[Example 6]
In step (I), nickel sulfate (II) hexahydrate, cobalt sulfate (II) heptahydrate, and manganese sulfate are used without using aluminum sulfate (III) A positive electrode active material was obtained in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the amount of (II) pentahydrate was changed so that the molar ratio of Ni, Co and Mn was as shown in Table 1.
Table 1 shows the particle diameter (D10, D50, D90) and specific surface area of the obtained positive electrode active material.

“Li / X” in Table 1 is the ratio (mol times) of the number of moles of Li contained in lithium carbonate to the total number of moles of transition metal element (X) contained in the coprecipitation compound in step (II). means. The “efficiency” in the initial characteristics of the lithium ion secondary battery is the ratio of the discharge capacity to the initial charge capacity.

As shown in Table 1, the lithium ion secondary batteries of Examples 1, 2, 4, and 5 had a higher discharge capacity retention rate and excellent cycle characteristics than the lithium ion secondary batteries of Examples 3 and 6. .

ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the positive electrode active material for lithium ion secondary batteries which is excellent in cycling characteristics with the simple method with few processes is obtained. The positive electrode active material can be suitably used for forming a positive electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery used for electronic devices such as mobile phones and small and light lithium ion secondary batteries for vehicles.
The entire contents of the specification, claims, and abstract of Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-238275 filed on October 29, 2012 are incorporated herein as the disclosure of the specification of the present invention. Is.

Claims

The manufacturing method of the positive electrode active material characterized by having the following process (I) and process (II).
(I) at least one sulfate (A) selected from the group consisting of Ni sulfate, Co sulfate and Mn sulfate;
Al sulfate and
At least one carbonate (B) selected from the group consisting of sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate,
A step of mixing in the state of an aqueous solution to obtain a coprecipitated compound containing Al and at least one transition metal element (X) selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co and Mn.
(II) A step of mixing the coprecipitated compound and lithium carbonate and baking at 500 to 1000 ° C.
The positive electrode active material according to claim 1, wherein in the step (I), the pH of the mixed solution when the sulfate (A), the sulfate of Al and the carbonate (B) are mixed is 7 to 12. A method for producing a substance.
In the step (I), the proportion of Al contained in the coprecipitation compound is 0.01 to 5 mol% with respect to the total number of moles of the transition metal element (X) and the number of moles of Al. The manufacturing method of the positive electrode active material of Claim 1 or 2.
The positive electrode according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in the step (I), the concentration of the transition metal element (X) in the aqueous solution of the sulfate (A) is 0.1 to 3 mol / kg. A method for producing an active material.
The production of a positive electrode active material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in the step (I), the concentration of Al in the aqueous solution of Al sulfate is 0.001 to 0.15 mol / kg. Method.
The positive electrode active material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein in the step (I), the concentration of the carbonate (B) in the aqueous solution of the carbonate (B) is 0.1 to 2 mol / kg. A method for producing a substance.
The positive electrode active material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the particle size (D50) of the coprecipitated compound in the step (I) is 4 to 20 µm and the specific surface area is 50 to 300 m 2 / g. Manufacturing method.
In the step (II), the number of moles of Li contained in the lithium carbonate is 1.1 times or more with respect to the total number of moles of the transition metal element (X). The manufacturing method of the positive electrode active material of description.
The method for producing a positive electrode active material according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the obtained positive electrode active material is a compound (1) represented by the following formula (1).
Li 1 + a Ni b Co c Mn d Al e O 2 + f (1)
(In the formula (1), a to e are 0.1 ≦ a ≦ 0.6, 0.095 ≦ b ≦ 0.5, 0 ≦ c ≦ 0.3, 0.28 ≦ d ≦ 0, respectively. .85, 0.9 ≦ b + c + d ≦ 1.05, 0.0001 ≦ e ≦ 0.05, f is a numerical value determined by the valences of Li, Ni, Co, Mn and Al.)