WO2013191052A1 - 積層体の作成方法および、積層体および、この積層体を利用したデバイス付き積層体の作成方法および、デバイス付き積層体 - Google Patents
積層体の作成方法および、積層体および、この積層体を利用したデバイス付き積層体の作成方法および、デバイス付き積層体 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/28—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42
- B32B27/281—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42 comprising polyimides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
- B32B37/26—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer which influences the bonding during the lamination process, e.g. release layers or pressure equalising layers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/16—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin specially treated, e.g. irradiated
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/0038—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding involving application of liquid to the layers prior to lamination, e.g. wet laminating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/12—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by using adhesives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
- B32B38/10—Removing layers, or parts of layers, mechanically or chemically
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/14—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts, e.g. denser near its faces
- B32B5/145—Variation across the thickness of the layer
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/06—Interconnection of layers permitting easy separation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/007—Manufacture or processing of a substrate for a printed circuit board supported by a temporary or sacrificial carrier
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
- B32B2250/04—4 layers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
- B32B2255/10—Coating on the layer surface on synthetic resin layer or on natural or synthetic rubber layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
- B32B2255/26—Polymeric coating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/746—Slipping, anti-blocking, low friction
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/748—Releasability
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2310/00—Treatment by energy or chemical effects
- B32B2310/08—Treatment by energy or chemical effects by wave energy or particle radiation
- B32B2310/0806—Treatment by energy or chemical effects by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
- B32B2310/0831—Treatment by energy or chemical effects by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using UV radiation
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- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2379/00—Other polymers having nitrogen, with or without oxygen or carbon only, in the main chain
- B32B2379/08—Polyimides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
- B32B2457/08—PCBs, i.e. printed circuit boards
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
- B32B2457/14—Semiconductor wafers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
- B32B37/16—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with all layers existing as coherent layers before laminating
- B32B37/18—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with all layers existing as coherent layers before laminating involving the assembly of discrete sheets or panels only
- B32B37/182—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with all layers existing as coherent layers before laminating involving the assembly of discrete sheets or panels only one or more of the layers being plastic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
- B32B38/04—Punching, slitting or perforating
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/03—Use of materials for the substrate
- H05K1/0313—Organic insulating material
- H05K1/032—Organic insulating material consisting of one material
- H05K1/0346—Organic insulating material consisting of one material containing N
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
- H05K2201/01—Dielectrics
- H05K2201/0137—Materials
- H05K2201/0154—Polyimide
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24479—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness
- Y10T428/24612—Composite web or sheet
Definitions
- the present invention is a method for producing a polyimide laminate with a support composed of a polyimide laminate and a support and the polyimide laminate with a support, and additionally, a device is formed on the polyimide laminate with a support.
- Method for producing polyimide laminate with device with support, polyimide laminate with device with support, and method for producing polyimide laminate with device in which support is removed from polyimide laminate with device with support is a polyimide laminate with the device, and the device is composed of a thin film such as a semiconductor element, a MEMS element, a display element, and the like.
- polyimide film from inorganic material A method for obtaining a polyimide laminate with a device with a support bonded to a substrate, a polyimide laminate with a device with a support, and a device obtained by removing the support from the polyimide laminate with a device with a support It is the manufacturing method of a polyimide laminated body, and this polyimide laminated body with a device. Since the polyimide laminate with the device can be made flexible, it is an invention relating to a flexible device.
- a thin film such as polyimide having excellent heat resistance and insulation and a substrate made of a kind of inorganic material selected from a glass plate, a ceramic plate, a silicon wafer, and a metal having approximately the same linear expansion coefficient. Since a layer without a lubricant is further laminated on the surface of the polyimide film, a laminated body excellent in dimensional stability, heat resistance, insulation, and surface smoothness capable of mounting a fine circuit can be obtained.
- the invention relates to a device-added laminate in which a device such as a semiconductor element is used, and a semiconductor-added film device using the device-added laminate.
- the polymer film is bonded to a rigid support made of an inorganic material such as a metal plate, wafer, glass substrate, etc., and after forming a desired element, the existing infrastructure is removed. It becomes possible to obtain a functional element formed on the polymer film by using it.
- a functional element formed on the polymer film For polymer films used for laminating polymer films and inorganic substrates, surface smoothness, dimensional stability, cleanliness, and resistance to process temperatures will not interfere with the formation of such functional elements. In addition, resistance to chemicals used for fine processing is required. It is known that the surface smoothness has a great influence on the device performance in a thin film transistor device or the like. In addition, if there is a scratch on the surface, it may cause disconnection of the wiring, which is not desirable.
- Si has a linear expansion coefficient of about 3 ppm / ° C.
- the difference in the linear expansion coefficient between the substrate and the thin film is large. Stress builds up in the thin film, causing performance degradation, thin film warping and peeling.
- a high temperature is applied during the thin film formation process, stress due to a difference in linear expansion coefficient between the substrate and the thin film increases during the temperature change.
- a process of 450 ° C. for 2 hours may be required in the dehydrogenation step. Further, it is possible to apply a temperature of about 200 ° C.
- the thermoplastic resin as the polymer film does not satisfy the performance.
- the semiconductor process that repeats resist coating, exposure, etching, and resist stripping includes chemical processing including acids and alkalis, and vacuum processes for thin film creation. Tolerance to is required.
- ceramic has been used as a base material for electronic components such as information communication equipment (broadcast equipment, mobile radio equipment, portable communication equipment, etc.), radar, high-speed information processing devices, and the like.
- a base material made of ceramic has heat resistance, and can cope with a recent increase in the frequency band of information communication equipment (reaching the GHz band).
- ceramics are not flexible and cannot be thinned, so the fields that can be used are limited. Therefore, studies have been made on the use of polymer films made of organic materials as the base material for electronic components. Polymer films made of polymers such as polyethylene naphthalate and polyethylene terephthalate, films made of polyimide, films made of polytetrafluoroethylene, and glass Fiber reinforced epoxies have been proposed.
- a film made of polyimide is excellent in heat resistance and has an advantage that a polymer film can be made thin because it is tough.
- These polyimide films generally have a large coefficient of linear expansion, have a significant dimensional change due to a temperature change, and are not suitable for the production of circuits having fine wiring.
- a device using a polyimide film having sufficient physical properties for a substrate having heat resistance, high mechanical properties, and flexibility has not been obtained yet.
- a polyimide film having a high tensile modulus a polyimide benzoxazole film made of polyimide having a benzoxazole ring in the main chain has been proposed (see Patent Document 1).
- Patent Document 2 A printed wiring board using the polyimide benzoxazole film as a dielectric layer has also been proposed (see Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3).
- Polyimide benzoxazole films consisting of polyimides with these benzoxazole rings in the main chain have improved tensile tensile strength and tensile elastic modulus and are within the range of satisfactory linear expansion coefficients.
- Polyimide having biphenyl in the main chain also has improved tensile fracture strength and tensile elastic modulus and is in a range that can satisfy the linear expansion coefficient. However, it should be made thinner in spite of its excellent mechanical properties. It was difficult to handle and had problems such as insufficient mechanical and mechanical properties.
- Patent Document 4 In the case where a process in a temperature range of about 200 to 500 ° C. is required, such as polysilicon and an oxide semiconductor, an adhesive for bonding having sufficient resistance sufficient for practical use, The method using an adhesive is not known.
- thermoplastic resins generally have a large coefficient of linear expansion, and there is a limit to making this layer thin, compared with polyimide films and substrates made of inorganic materials, in the heating process, The adhesive layer had a tendency to adversely affect dimensional stability.
- a step of forming a resin substrate on a fixed substrate through an amorphous silicon film serving as a release layer, a step of forming at least a TFT element on the resin substrate, and the amorphous silicon Disclosed is a process of peeling the resin substrate from the fixed substrate in the amorphous silicon film by irradiating the film with a laser beam, and manufacturing a flexible display device using the resin substrate.
- Patent Document 5 laser irradiation or etching means is used for the adhesive layer at the time of peeling, resulting in a complicated process and high cost.
- Adhesion of polymer films by UV irradiation has been disclosed (Patent Document 6), and it has been shown that it is effective to use a coupling agent at this time. This is related to adhesion, and it is not the adhesive peeling force control by UV light irradiation of the coupling agent itself.
- a film containing a lubricant In the case of a device that requires smoothness on the surface of the film, a film containing a lubricant generally has a surface roughness larger than that of a glass substrate or the like, so it is difficult to use a film with excellent productivity for the device.
- a film containing no lubricant is conveyed by using many rolls, it is inevitable that fine scratches are introduced during the process. For this reason, it has been difficult to produce a smooth surface only by directly applying and baking a varnish containing no lubricant to a glass substrate or the like.
- the present invention has been made paying attention to the above circumstances, and its purpose is a polyimide laminate with a support for use as a base material for laminating various devices, and the surface is smooth. It is possible to manufacture a precise device, and it can be easily peeled off from the support after the device is manufactured on the polyimide laminate without peeling off in the high temperature process at the time of device preparation. It is providing the polyimide laminated body with a support body. Moreover, since the dimensional change of a polyimide laminated body is small, it is suitable for manufacture of the circuit which has fine wiring, and is suitable for the device manufacture on a polyimide laminated body.
- a laminate that has a very smooth polyimide surface and excellent heat resistance and insulation, and the laminate from which the support and polyimide can be easily peeled off is used for electronic device creation, etc. It is found to be extremely significant when used, and can be bonded to an inorganic substrate that can be used for it without using an adhesive, has excellent adhesiveness, has no trouble even when peeled off from a support, and is precise.
- the polyimide film laminated body which circuit formation can form on a smooth surface was discovered. That is, the present invention has the following configuration. 1) A method for producing a polyimide laminate with a support comprising at least a support and a polyimide laminate, wherein the polyimide laminate has at least a three-layer structure and contains a layer containing a lubricant. It is a laminate that has more than one layer, and both surface layers do not have a lubricant, and a polyimide film having a surface treated on the surface facing the support is used, and the support and the polyimide film face each other.
- At least one of the surfaces is subjected to a patterning treatment using a coupling agent to form a well-bonded portion and an easily-peelable portion having different adhesive peel strengths, and then the support and the polyimide film are overlapped and added.
- the polyimide film is subjected to an organic alkali treatment after being bonded to a support by the heat and pressure treatment, and then the lubricant component is subjected to pressure heat treatment.
- Method for manufacturing a support with a polyimide laminate characterized in that imidization is dried after coating the Manai polyamic acid solution (A).
- the polyamic acid solution (A) comprises a polyamic acid solution obtained by a reaction between an aromatic tetracarboxylic acid and an aromatic diamine having a benzoxazole structure (skeleton).
- the polyamic acid solution (A) comprises a polyamic acid solution obtained by reacting 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride with aromatic diamines 1) The manufacturing method of the polyimide laminated body with a support as described in any one of.
- the patterning treatment is performed by applying a coupling agent treatment to form a coupling treatment layer, and then applying a deactivation treatment to a part of the coupling treatment layer to form a predetermined pattern 1) (3) A method for producing a polyimide laminate with a support according to any one of (3) to (3). 5) The deactivation treatment is at least selected from the group consisting of blast treatment, vacuum plasma treatment, atmospheric pressure plasma treatment, corona treatment, actinic radiation treatment, active gas treatment, UV radiation treatment, ozone treatment and chemical treatment. The manufacturing method of the polyimide laminated body with a support as described in 4) which performs 1 type.
- a polyimide laminated body with a support which is a laminated body having at least one layer containing, wherein both surface layers do not have a lubricant.
- the 180 degree peel strength between the support and the polyimide laminate in the easy peel portion is 1 ⁇ 2 or less of the 180 degree peel strength between the support and the polyimide laminate in the good adhesion portion.
- Polyimide laminate with support according to the above.
- a method for producing a polyimide laminate with a support in which a device is formed on the laminate, wherein a device is prepared on the polyimide laminate surface of the easily peelable portion of the laminate, and then the polyimide in the easily peelable portion A method for producing a polyimide laminate with a device, comprising cutting the laminate and peeling the polyimide laminate from the support.
- the polyimide laminate with a support of the present invention is in a state supported by a heat resistant and rigid support, precise positioning is performed at the time of circuit wiring creation and semiconductor formation to form a thin film in multiple layers, circuit formation, etc.
- High-performance device fabrication is possible because the polyimide laminate can be deposited without peeling off the polyimide laminate from the support even during high-temperature processes during semiconductor production, and the surface of the polyimide laminate for device fabrication is smooth
- the polyimide laminate with a device can be provided.
- the polyimide laminate with a support according to the present invention is a laminate that is significant for circuit formation and the like at high temperatures and for precise circuit formation. Further, it is possible to provide a polyimide laminate with a support that is easy.
- the polyimide film has a concentric film thickness distribution and the difference in structure between the front and back of the polyimide film.
- the film thickness in a narrow area such as a wafer, glass, etc. is extremely high, and can be pasted after the circuit is first made. It is also possible to create a circuit after pasting, which is suitable for circuit manufacture.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing one embodiment of a method for producing a polyimide laminate of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of a method for producing a polyimide laminate with a device of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing one embodiment of measurement of peel strength of the varnish layer.
- FIG. 4 is an AFM image (5 ⁇ m square) showing the polyimide film surface.
- FIG. 5 is an AFM image (5 ⁇ m square) showing the varnish layer surface of the polyimide laminate of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 shows IR spectra before and after the organic alkali treatment of the polyimide film.
- FIG. 7 is an AFM image (2 ⁇ m square) of the polyimide film before the organic alkali treatment.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing one embodiment of a method for producing a polyimide laminate of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of a method for producing a polyimide laminate with
- FIG. 8 is an AFM image (2 ⁇ m square) of the polyimide film after the organic alkali treatment.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional observation view of the polyimide laminate of Example 19.
- 10 is a cross-sectional observation view of the polyimide laminate of Example 20.
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional observation view of the polyimide laminate of Example 21.
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional observation view of the polyimide laminate of Comparative Example 1.
- the polyimide film used in the present invention is preferably a polyimide film obtained by a reaction between an aromatic diamine and an aromatic tetracarboxylic acid, and has a linear expansion coefficient (both in the film length direction and width direction) of ⁇ 5 ppm.
- a polyimide film in which aromatic diamines and aromatic tetracarboxylic acids are in the following combinations is more preferable: / ° C. to +30 ppm / ° C.
- A. A combination of an aromatic tetracarboxylic acid having a pyromellitic acid residue and an aromatic diamine having a benzoxazole structure (skeleton).
- a polyimide film is a green film (precursor film or polyamic acid) obtained by applying a polyamic acid (polyimide precursor) solution obtained by reacting diamines and tetracarboxylic anhydride in a solvent to a support and drying. Further, it is obtained by subjecting the green film to a high temperature heat treatment on a polyimide production support or in a state of being peeled off from the support to carry out a dehydration ring closure reaction.
- the support body for polyimide film preparation said here differs from the "support body” as a structural member of the laminated body of this invention.
- a lubricant (particles) having an average particle size of 0.05 to 2.5 ⁇ m is added to one of polyimide precursor solutions obtained by reaction of aromatic diamines and aromatic tetracarboxylic acids. Each containing 50% by mass to 50% by mass and containing no lubricant (particles) with an average particle size of 0.05 to 2.5 ⁇ m in the other or containing 0.2% by mass or less.
- a polyimide film produced by using the above solution and laminated with a lubricant-containing polyimide layer and a polyimide layer containing no lubricant is used.
- aromatic diamines having a benzoxazole structure preferably used in the present invention include the following, and these diamines can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- amino (aminophenyl) benzoxazole isomers are preferable from the viewpoint of ease of synthesis, and 5-amino-2- (p-aminophenyl) benzoxazole is more preferable.
- each isomer refers to each isomer in which the two amino groups of amino (aminophenyl) benzoxazole are determined according to the coordinate position (eg, “Formula 1” to “Formula 4” above).
- diamines may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the usage-amount shall be 70 mol% or more of all diamines, and it is more preferable to set it as 75 mol% or more.
- diamines exemplified below may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- examples of such diamines include 4,4′-bis (3-aminophenoxy) biphenyl, bis [4- (3-aminophenoxy) phenyl] ketone, and bis [4- (3-aminophenoxy) phenyl].
- the tetracarboxylic acids used in the present invention are not particularly limited, and aromatic tetracarboxylic acids, aliphatic tetracarboxylic acids, alicyclic tetracarboxylic acids, or acid anhydrides thereof or the like usually used for polyimide synthesis are used. be able to. Among these, aromatic tetracarboxylic acid anhydrides, aliphatic tetracarboxylic acid anhydrides, and alicyclic tetracarboxylic acid anhydrides are preferable, and aromatic tetracarboxylic acid anhydrides are more preferable.
- the number of anhydride structures in the molecule may be one or two, but those having two anhydride structures (dianhydrides) are preferred.
- the aromatic tetracarboxylic acid anhydrides are not particularly limited, but those having a pyromellitic acid residue, that is, a structure derived from pyromellitic acid are preferable. Specific examples of the aromatic tetracarboxylic acid anhydrides include the following.
- tetracarboxylic dianhydrides may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the solvent used for obtaining a polyamic acid by reacting (polymerizing) an aromatic tetracarboxylic acid and an aromatic diamine is not particularly limited as long as it dissolves both the raw material monomer and the polyamic acid to be produced.
- polar organic solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-acetyl-2-pyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-diethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulfoxide, Examples include hexamethylphosphoric amide, ethyl cellosolve acetate, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, sulfolane, and halogenated phenols.
- the amount of the solvent used may be an amount sufficient to dissolve the monomer as a raw material.
- the weight of the monomer in the solution in which the monomer is dissolved is usually 5 to 40% by weight, The amount is preferably 10 to 30% by weight.
- the temperature is 0 to 80 ° C. in an organic solvent. Stirring and / or mixing continuously for min to 30 hours. If necessary, the polymerization reaction may be divided or the temperature may be increased or decreased. In this case, the order of adding both monomers is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to add aromatic tetracarboxylic acid anhydrides to the solution of aromatic diamines.
- the weight of the polyamic acid in the polyamic acid solution obtained by the polymerization reaction is preferably 5 to 40% by weight, more preferably 10 to 30% by weight.
- the viscosity of the solution is measured with a Brookfield viscometer (25 ° C.). From the viewpoint of liquid feeding stability, it is preferably 10 to 2000 Pa ⁇ s, and more preferably 100 to 1000 Pa ⁇ s.
- Vacuum degassing during the polymerization reaction is effective for producing a high-quality polyamic acid solution.
- polymerization by adding a small amount of terminal blockers to aromatic diamines before a polymerization reaction.
- the terminal blocking agent include compounds having a carbon-carbon double bond such as maleic anhydride.
- the amount of maleic anhydride used is preferably 0.001 to 1.0 mole per mole of aromatic diamine.
- a green film self-supporting precursor film
- the application of the polyamic acid solution to the support includes, for example, casting from a die with a slit, extrusion by an extruder, and the like, but is not limited thereto, and conventionally known solution application means can be appropriately used.
- the original film for producing the polyimide film of the present invention is a multilayer polyimide film including at least two layers (a) and (b), and (b) the surface on the layer side faces the support; Become.
- Both the (a) layer and the (b) layer are polyimide layers, the (a) layer contains a lubricant, and the (b) layer does not contain a lubricant.
- the phrase “containing no lubricant” means that the lubricant is not contained at all or is contained at 0.2% by mass or less. Preferably it is a case where it contains at 0.1 mass% or less, More preferably, it is a case where it contains at 0.05 mass% or less.
- the layer (a) is obtained by reacting an aromatic tetracarboxylic acid and an aromatic diamine containing 0.4 to 50% by mass of a lubricant (particles) having an average particle size of 0.05 to 2.5 ⁇ m. More preferably, the layer is composed mainly of polyimide, and the layer (b) does not contain any lubricant (particles) having an average particle diameter of 0.05 to 2.5 ⁇ m or its content is 0.2 mass. It is more preferable that the layer is composed mainly of a polyimide obtained by reacting with an aromatic tetracarboxylic acid and an aromatic diamine.
- This multilayer polyimide film multilayering (lamination) method is not particularly limited as long as there is no problem in the adhesion between the two layers, and it adheres without interposing another layer such as an adhesive layer. I just need it.
- one polyimide film is prepared and then the other polyamic acid solution is continuously applied onto the polyimide film to imidize.
- One polyamic acid solution is cast to form a polyamic acid precursor film, and then the polyamic acid is prepared.
- the other polyamic acid solution is continuously applied on the acid film, followed by imidization, the method by coextrusion, spray coating of the polyamic acid solution of (a) on the layer (b) described above, and T-die coating
- a method of imidizing by coating For example, a method of imidizing by coating.
- one polyamic acid solution is cast to create a polyamic acid precursor film, and then the other polyamic acid solution is continuously applied on the polyamic acid film and then imidized, or one polyimide A method is preferred in which after the film is formed, the other polyamic acid solution is continuously applied onto the polyimide film and imidized.
- the multi-layer configuration is such that the (a) layer is laminated on the (b) layer, and the thickness ratio of (a) / (b) in the multilayer polyimide film of the present invention is not particularly limited, The thickness ratio (a) / (b) ((a) / (b)) is preferably 0.05 to 0.95, and the thickness ratio (a) / (b) exceeds 0.95.
- one layer (a layer) ensures handling and productivity, and the aforementioned lubricant is added to and contained in the polyimide to give fine irregularities on the layer (film) surface. It is preferable to ensure slipperiness with a layer (film). In order to give fine irregularities on the surface and ensure the slipperiness of the polyimide film, it is necessary to contain the lubricant in the range of 0.4 to 50% by mass with respect to the polyimide forming one layer (a).
- the content of the lubricant is small, there is not so much securing of slipperiness, which is not preferable.
- the content of the lubricant is too large, the surface unevenness becomes too large, and even if the sliding property is ensured, the smoothness is lowered, the breaking strength of the polyimide film is lowered, the elongation at break is lowered, and the CTE is increased. It is not preferable to leave a problem due to invite.
- the thickness of the polyimide laminate in the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m, and more preferably 3 ⁇ m to 60 ⁇ m.
- the thickness unevenness of these polyimide films is also preferably 20% or less.
- the thickness is 1 ⁇ m or less, it is difficult to control the thickness, and it is difficult to peel off the substrate made of an inorganic substance.
- the thickness is 200 ⁇ m or more, the polyimide film is easily bent when the polyimide film is peeled off.
- the lubricant (particle) in the present invention is a fine particle made of an inorganic substance having a volume average particle diameter of 0.001 to 10 ⁇ m, and is a metal, a metal oxide, a metal nitride, a metal carbonide, a metal acid salt, or a phosphate.
- Carbonate, talc, mica, clay, and other clay minerals can be used, preferably silicon oxide, calcium phosphate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium pyrophosphate, hydroxyapatite, calcium carbonate
- metal oxides such as glass fillers, phosphates, and carbonates can be used.
- the polyimide film in the present invention is preferably obtained in the form of being wound as a long polyimide film having a width of 300 mm or more and a length of 10 m or more at the time of production, and is rolled up on a winding core.
- the thing of the form of a polyimide film is more preferable.
- the polyimide laminate of the present invention is a laminate having at least a three-layer structure including a varnish layer on the aforementioned multilayer polyimide film including at least two layers (a) and (b). Contains no lubricant.
- the phrase “containing no lubricant” means that the lubricant is not contained at all or is contained at 0.2% by mass or less.
- the (a) layer, the (b) layer, and the varnish layer are both polyimide layers, the (a) layer contains a lubricant, and the (b) layer and the varnish layer do not contain a lubricant.
- the organic alkali treatment in the present invention is to treat the polyimide surface with an organic alkali solution, and includes acid treatment of the polyimide surface after the organic alkali treatment.
- an aqueous quaternary ammonium hydroxide solution is preferably used as the organic alkali solution.
- the quaternary ammonium hydroxide are preferably tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH), tetraethylammonium hydroxide, and tetrapropylammonium hydroxide from the viewpoint of good handleability and industrial availability. .
- TMAH tetramethylammonium hydroxide
- TMAH tetraethylammonium hydroxide
- TMAH tetrapropylammonium hydroxide
- These compounds are usually readily available as 10 to 25% by weight aqueous solutions. These may be used as they are, or may be used after being concentrated to about 30 to 50% by weight with a rotary evaporator or the like.
- DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
- IPA ethyl ether
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- DMF N, N-dimethylformamide
- the water used is preferably deionized water that does not contain components (such as halogen ions or alkali metal ions) that adversely affect electronic components.
- the acid treatment can be performed by immersing a polyimide film subjected to an organic alkali treatment in a chemical solution containing an acid, or by applying or spraying the chemical solution on a polyimide film subjected to an organic alkali treatment. You may use ultrasonic cleaning etc. together. Moreover, the acid treatment of only one side becomes possible by performing an acid treatment in the state which stuck the protective film on the single side
- the protective film a PET film with an adhesive or an olefin film can be used.
- the acid used for the acid treatment may be any acid.
- examples of such acids include inorganic acids, sulfonic acids, and carboxylic acids, and hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, formic acid, nitric acid, permanganic acid, hydrogen peroxide, phosphoric acid, sulfonic acid, and amino acids are preferable.
- the acid concentration in the chemical solution may be any acid concentration and acid type sufficient to remove the organic alkali treatment solution.
- the acid concentration in the chemical solution is preferably 20% by mass or less, more preferably 3 to 10% by mass.
- the organic alkali treatment can be performed by immersing a polyimide film in a chemical solution containing an organic alkali solution, or by applying or spraying the chemical solution on the polyimide film. It is preferable to remove the organic alkali treatment solution after the organic alkali treatment. More specifically, it can be performed by immersing the polyimide film in a chemical solution containing an organic alkaline solution and then washing with water, or by applying or spraying the chemical solution on the polyimide film and then removing with water.
- the adhesiveness with the varnish layer is improved by hydrolyzing the polyimide constituting the polyimide film and forming a functional group on the surface of the polyimide film by the above organic alkali solution treatment.
- the method of laminating the varnish layer after the treatment with the organic alkali solution is, for example, a method in which a polyimide film having a two-layer structure is prepared, and then a varnish layer solution (polyamic acid) is continuously applied onto the polyimide film to imidize.
- a varnish layer solution polyamic acid
- Examples include imidization by applying an acid solution by spray coating, T-die coating, etc., but after creating a polyamic acid precursor film by casting a polyamic acid solution for producing a two-layer polyimide film, polyamic A method of continuously imidizing a varnish layer solution (polyamic acid solution) on an acid film, followed by imidization; How to imidization continuously applied after creation on the polyimide film and the other of the varnish layer solution (polyamic acid solution) de film is preferred.
- the varnish layer used for preparing the polyimide laminate of the present invention is a layer of polyimide obtained by applying and drying a varnish layer solution.
- the varnish layer solution is a diamine in a solvent as described above.
- a polycarboxylic acid (polyimide precursor) solution obtained by reacting tetracarboxylic anhydride.
- the varnish layer solution is applied to a polyimide film and dried to form a green film (also referred to as a precursor film or a polyamic acid film). Further, the green film is dehydrated by high-temperature heat treatment on the two-layer polyimide film. It is obtained by carrying out a cyclization reaction.
- the interface in this patent means an interface that appears when a polyimide film to which an organic alkali treatment is applied and a varnish layer is applied, that is, a cross-sectional form of a polyimide laminate is observed with a differential interference microscope described later.
- the peel strength is greatly improved by treating the polyimide with an organic alkali.
- an imide decomposition product is generated to cause a chemical composition change, and at the same time the surface roughness is reduced. From these things, it is thought that peeling strength improves by a chemical bond rather than an anchor effect.
- the surface of the polyimide laminate that had been treated with organic alkali was confirmed to be derived from OH groups, as well as from -COOH ester bonds or -NH2 bonds. Absorption was confirmed.
- the organic alkali treatment the imide bond was opened, and —COOH and —NH 2 were formed. At this time, it is assumed that the modified polyimide was observed as an interface. It is thought that the peel strength was improved by re-imide bonding due to polyimide becoming polyamic acid and improving affinity with varnish.
- the support and the polyimide laminate are laminated via a coupling treatment layer, and the support is added to the coupling layer for pattern treatment.
- the polyimide laminate has a good adhesion portion and an easily peelable portion having different peel strengths, and the polyimide laminate has a layer containing at least three layers and containing a lubricant.
- a method for producing a polyimide laminate with a support comprising at least a support and a polyimide laminate, wherein the polyimide laminate has at least a three-layer structure and contains at least one layer containing a lubricant. It is a laminated body in which both surface layers do not have a lubricant, and a polyimide film having a surface treatment applied to the surface facing the support is used, the surface of the surface facing the support and the polyimide film At least one is subjected to a patterning treatment that forms a good adhesion part and an easy peel part having different adhesive peel strengths using a coupling agent, and then the support and the polyimide film are overlaid and heated under pressure.
- the polyimide film is subjected to an organic alkali treatment after being bonded to a support by the heat and pressure treatment, and then the lubricant component is added.
- Method for manufacturing a support with a polyimide laminate characterized in that imidization is dried after coating the Manai polyamic acid solution (A).
- a polyimide film as a raw material that does not contain a lubricant on one side or a small amount of 0.2% or less, and a cup on the surface that does not contain the lubricant It can also be obtained by applying a ring agent to form an inorganic substrate and laminate as an adhesive surface.
- the coupling agent preferably used in the method for producing a laminate of the present invention is physically or chemically interposed between the support and the polyimide film (or polyimide laminate), and has an effect of increasing the adhesive force between the two.
- it includes compounds known as silane coupling agents, phosphorus coupling agents, titanate coupling agents and the like.
- the coupling agent is not particularly limited, but preferably has an amino group or an epoxy group. Specific examples of the coupling agent include N-2- (aminoethyl) -3-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, N-2- (aminoethyl) -3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-2- (aminoethyl).
- Other usable coupling agents include 1-mercapto-2-propanol, methyl 3-mercaptopropionate, 3-mercapto-2-butanol, butyl 3-mercaptopropionate, 3- (dimethoxymethylsilyl)- 1-propanethiol, 4- (6-mercaptohexaloyl) benzyl alcohol, 11-amino-1-undecenethiol, 11-mercaptoundecylphosphonic acid, 11-mercaptoundecyltrifluoroacetic acid, 2,2 ′-( (Ethylenedioxy) diethanethiol, 11-mercaptoundecyltri (ethylene glycol), (1-mercaptoundec-11-yl) tetra (ethylene glycol), 1- (methylcarboxy) undec-11-yl) hexa ( Ethylene glycol), hydroxy Cyundecyl disulfide, carboxyundecyl disulfide, hydroxyhexad
- a heat-resistant extremely thin layer that is, a coupling, which can be preferably employed in the production of a polyimide laminate with a support of the present invention, instead of an adhesive layer when laminating an inorganic substrate and a polyimide film without using an adhesive layer
- a coupling agent treatment is performed to form a coupling treatment layer. Examples include a method in which a polyimide film is immersed in a solution of an agent and then dried and heat-treated, and a method in which a polyimide film is added and a coupling agent treatment is performed simultaneously with the polyimide film creation.
- the pH during the treatment greatly affects the performance, and the pH may be adjusted as appropriate. What is necessary is just to set suitably the application quantity (adhesion amount or content) of a coupling agent so that the film thickness of the coupling agent process layer formed may become the thickness mentioned later.
- the heat treatment conditions are preferably 50 to 250 ° C., more preferably 75 to 165 ° C., and still more preferably 95 to 155 ° C., preferably 30 seconds or more, more preferably 2 minutes or more, and even more preferably 5 minutes. What is necessary is just to heat above.
- a glass plate, a ceramic plate, a silicon wafer, a material mainly composed of metal, and a laminate of these glass plate, ceramic plate, silicon wafer, metal, and the like, these are dispersed, those containing these fibers, and the like.
- Examples of the glass plate as the support in the present invention include quartz glass, high silicate glass (96% silica), soda lime glass, lead glass, aluminoborosilicate glass, borosilicate glass (Pyrex (registered trademark)), and borosilicate. Acid glass (no alkali), borosilicate glass (microsheet), and aluminosilicate glass are included. Among them, those having a linear expansion coefficient of 5 ppm / ° C. or lower are desirable, and liquid crystal glass Corning 7059, 1737, EAGLE, Asahi Glass AN100, Nippon Electric Glass OA10, SCHOTT AF32, Avant Straight NA32SG, and the like are desirable.
- the ceramic plate as the support in the present invention Al 2 O 3 , Mullite, AlN, SiC, Si 3 N 4 , BN, crystallized glass, Cordierite, Spodumene, Pb—BSG + CaZrO 3 + Al 2 O 3 , Crystallized glass + AL 2 O 3 , Crystallized Ca-BSG, BSG + Quartz, BSG + Quartz, BSG + AL 2 O 3 , Pb + BSG + AL 2 O 3 , Glass-ceramic, Zero-durer substrate ceramics, TiO 2 , Strontium titanate, Calcium titanate, Magnesium titanate .
- Capacitor materials such as alumina, MgO, steatite, BaTi 4 O 9 , BaTiO 3 , BaTi 4 + CaZrO 3 , BaSrCaZrTio 3 , Ba (TiZr) O 3 , PMN-PT PFN-PFW, PbNb 2 O 6 , Pb 0.5 Be 0.5 Nb 2 O 6 , PbTiO 3 , BaTiO 3 , PZT, 0.855PZT-.95PT-0.5BT, This includes piezoelectric materials such as 0.873PZT-0.97PT-0.3BT and PLZT.
- the silicon wafer as the support in the present invention includes all n-type or p-type doped silicon wafers and intrinsic silicon wafers, and a silicon oxide layer and various thin films are formed on the surface of the silicon wafer.
- silicon wafers including deposited silicon wafers, germanium, silicon-germanium, gallium-arsenic, aluminum-gallium-indium, and nitrogen-phosphorus-arsenic-antimony are often used.
- General-purpose semiconductor wafers such as InP (indium phosphorus), InGaAs, GaInNAs, LT, LN, ZnO (zinc oxide), CdTe (cadmium tellurium), ZnSe (zinc selenide), and the like are included.
- the metal as the support in the present invention examples include single element metals such as W, Mo, Pt, Fe, Ni, and Au, Inconel, Monel, Nimonic, carbon copper, Fe—Ni-based Invar alloy, Super Invar alloy, and the like. Alloys are included.
- the multilayer metal plate which added the other metal layer and the ceramic layer to said metal is also contained. In this case, if the total CTE with the additional layer is low, Cu, Al or the like is also used for the main metal layer.
- the metal used as the additional metal layer is limited as long as it has strong adhesion to the polyimide film, no diffusion, and good chemical resistance and heat resistance. However, chromium, nickel, TiN, and Mo-containing Cu can be cited as preferable examples. *
- the PV value of the surface roughness is 50 nm or less, more preferably 20 nm or less, and more preferably 5 nm or less. If it is coarser than this, the peel strength of the substrate made of the polyimide film and the inorganic substance is lowered.
- the surface treatment of the polyimide film used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and includes plasma treatment, wet treatment, gas treatment, and energy ray irradiation treatment. It is important to perform surface treatment on at least the surface of the polyimide film facing the support. By performing the surface treatment, the surface of the polyimide film is modified to a state in which a functional group exists (so-called activated state), and good adhesion to the support becomes possible. Of these, plasma treatment is preferably used.
- the plasma treatment as one of the surface treatments for the polyimide film used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but RF plasma treatment in a vacuum, microwave plasma treatment, microwave ECR plasma treatment, There are atmospheric pressure plasma treatment, corona treatment, etc., including gas treatment containing fluorine, ion implantation treatment using an ion source, treatment using PBII method, flame treatment, intro treatment, and the like. Among these, RF plasma treatment, microwave plasma treatment, and atmospheric pressure plasma treatment in vacuum are preferable.
- the effects of plasma treatment include the addition of surface functional groups, the resulting change in contact angle, improved adhesion, removal of surface contamination, etc., and the removal of irregularly shaped objects, called desmears, etc. Has the effect of etching.
- This polyimide film can be produced by using a combination of a polyamic acid solution for forming a polyimide (polyimide precursor solution) with a lubricant added and a material with no addition or a very small amount added. The roll roll-up property and appropriate slip property are imparted and the polyimide film can be easily produced.
- a part of the coupling agent treatment layer is inactivated to form a predetermined pattern. This is referred to as a patterning process, and a portion where the adhesive peel strength between the support and the polyimide film is strong and a portion where it is weak can be intentionally created.
- the deactivation treatment of the coupling agent treatment layer means physically removing the coupling agent treatment layer partially (so-called etching) or physically microscopically treating the coupling agent treatment layer. It includes masking and chemically modifying the coupling agent treatment layer.
- the inert treatment it is possible to use at least one treatment selected from the group consisting of blast treatment, vacuum plasma treatment, atmospheric pressure plasma treatment, corona treatment, actinic radiation irradiation treatment, active gas treatment, and chemical treatment. I can do it.
- the blast treatment refers to a treatment in which particles having an average particle diameter of 0.1 to 1000 ⁇ m are sprayed on an object together with gas or liquid. In the present invention, it is preferable to use blasting using particles having a small average particle diameter as much as possible.
- the vacuum plasma treatment refers to treatment in which an object is exposed to plasma generated by discharge in a decompressed gas, or ions generated by the discharge collide with the object. As the gas, neon, argon, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon fluoride, carbon dioxide, hydrogen or the like alone or a mixed gas can be used.
- the atmospheric pressure plasma treatment is a treatment in which an object is exposed to plasma generated by a discharge generated in a gas that is generally in an atmospheric pressure atmosphere, or ions generated by the discharge collide with the object. say.
- the corona treatment refers to a treatment in which an object is exposed to a corona discharge atmosphere generated in a gas generally in an atmospheric pressure atmosphere, or ions generated by the discharge collide with the object.
- the actinic radiation irradiation treatment refers to a treatment for irradiating radiation such as electron beam, alpha ray, X-ray, beta ray, infrared ray, visible ray, ultraviolet ray.
- a laser beam irradiation process it becomes easy to process especially by a direct drawing system. In this case, even a visible light laser has much larger energy than general visible light, and therefore can be treated as a kind of actinic radiation in the present invention.
- the active gas treatment is a gas having an activity that causes a chemical or physical change in the coupling agent treatment layer, such as halogen gas, hydrogen halide gas, ozone, high-concentration oxygen gas, ammonia, organic alkali, A treatment that exposes an object to a gas such as an organic acid.
- the chemical treatment is intended for liquids or solutions having an activity that causes a chemical or physical change in the coupling agent treatment layer, such as alkali solutions, acid solutions, reducing agent solutions, oxidizing agent solutions, and the like. A treatment that exposes objects.
- the entire surface corresponding to the predetermined pattern is temporarily covered or shielded with a mask and then etched on the entire surface. Etc., and then the mask may be removed. If possible, etching or the like may be performed according to a predetermined pattern by a direct drawing method.
- a mask a material generally used as a resist, a photomask, a metal mask or the like may be appropriately selected and used according to an etching method.
- the actinic radiation treatment is preferably an ultraviolet irradiation treatment, that is, a UV irradiation treatment from the viewpoints of economy and safety.
- UV treatment when an inorganic layer having UV transparency is selected, UV is drawn directly from a surface opposite to the surface of the inorganic layer subjected to the coupling agent treatment or through a mask. Irradiation can also be performed. From the above, in the present invention, it is preferable to perform inactivation treatment by UV irradiation, which will be described in detail below.
- the UV irradiation treatment in the present invention is a treatment in which a polyimide film and / or an inorganic substrate treated with a coupling agent is placed in an apparatus that generates ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 400 nm or less, and UV irradiation is performed.
- the light wavelength is desirably 260 nm or less, and more desirably includes a wavelength of 200 nm or less.
- the absorption of UV light by oxygen is remarkable at a wavelength of 170 nm or less, it is necessary to consider that the UV light reaches the coupling agent layer.
- Irradiation in a completely oxygen-free atmosphere does not show a surface modification effect due to active oxygen or ozone, and therefore, it is necessary to devise so that active oxygen and ozone can reach while UV light passes.
- a UV light source is placed in a nitrogen atmosphere, UV light is transmitted through quartz glass, and the device is designed to shorten the distance from the quartz glass to the coupling agent layer to suppress UV light absorption.
- a pattern is formed by intentionally creating a portion that is irradiated with light and a portion that is not irradiated.
- a method of forming a pattern by making a portion that shields UV light and a portion that does not shield UV light, or scanning UV light is possible.
- it is effective to block the UV light and cover the substrate made of an inorganic material with a shielding material. It is also effective to scan with a parallel beam of a UV laser.
- the intensity of UV light is preferably 5 mW / cm or more. 200 mW / cm 2 or less is desirable for preventing the glass from being deteriorated.
- the irradiation time is preferably 0.1 to 30 minutes, more preferably 0.5 to 10 minutes, and more preferably 1 to 4 minutes.
- Examples of light sources that can be used for UV exposure processing include excimer lamps, low-pressure mercury lamps, high-pressure mercury lamps, Xe excimer lasers, ArF excimer lasers, KrF excimer lasers, Xe lamps, XeCl excimer lasers, XeF excimer lasers, Ar lasers, and D2 lamps.
- excimer lamps, low-pressure mercury lamps, Xe excimer lasers, ArF excimer lasers, KrF excimer lasers, and the like are preferable.
- the good adhesion portion in the present invention refers to a portion where the peel strength between the substrate made of an inorganic material and the polyimide film is strong by changing the surface properties depending on the presence or absence of UV light irradiation.
- the easy peeling part in this invention refers to the part with weak peeling strength of the board
- the required peel strength varies depending on each process.
- the 180 degree peel strength of a good adhesion portion between the polyimide film of the laminate and the substrate made of an inorganic material is 0.5 N / cm or more and 5 N / cm or less, more preferably 0.8 N / cm or more and 2 N. / Cm or less.
- 180 degree peel strength of easily peelable part is 1/2 or less of good adhesion part and 0.01 N / cm or more and 0.40 N / cm or less, more preferably 1/5 or less and 0.01 N / cm or more and 0.2 N / Cm or less.
- the lower limit of the peel strength of the easily peelable portion is a value that takes into account the bending energy of the polyimide film.
- the heat-resistant peel strength and the acid-resistant peel strength are preferably 0.5 N / cm or more and 5 N / cm or less, the number of this request may change depending on the process.
- the pressure heat treatment preferably used when laminating a polyimide film on an inorganic substrate refers to pressing, laminating, and roll laminating, each of which is performed while applying temperature, and preferably these are performed in a vacuum.
- the operation is performed.
- Press in vacuum for example, press using 11FD manufactured by Imoto Seisakusho, roll type film laminator by vacuum, or film laminator that can apply pressure to the entire surface of glass with a thin rubber film after evacuation, for example, by Meiki Seisakusho MVLP
- a method such as vacuum lamination can be used.
- a non-polyimide portion may be provided by providing a hole portion penetrating in the film thickness direction of the polyimide film or laminate in the polyimide film laminate.
- the part is not particularly limited, but is preferably filled with a metal whose main component is a metal such as Cu, Al, Ag, Au, or formed by a mechanical drill or laser drilling.
- Examples of the formed holes and the wall surfaces of the holes include a metal film formed by sputtering, electroless plating seed layer formation, or the like.
- the intermediate layer can be made thin by using the coupling agent layer, there are few degassing components during heating, and it is difficult to elute even in the wet process.
- the layer derived from the coupling agent has many heat-resistant silicon oxide components, and has heat resistance at a temperature of about 400 ° C., and the layer derived from this coupling agent is less than 0.4 ⁇ m, usually made,
- the range to be used is about 100 nm or less (0.1 ⁇ m or less), desirably 50 nm or less, and more desirably 10 nm.
- a thickness of 5 nm or less can be used. If the thickness is 1 nm or less, the peel strength may be reduced or a portion that is not partially attached may appear.
- an electronic circuit wiring As a device in the present invention, only an electronic circuit wiring, a passive device such as an electric resistance, a coil, and a capacitor, an active device including a semiconductor element, and the like can be obtained.
- a passive device such as an electric resistance, a coil, and a capacitor
- an active device including a semiconductor element and the like.
- semiconductor elements include solar cells, thin film transistors, MEMS elements, sensors, and logic circuits.
- the solar cell using the polyimide film laminate of the present invention is formed by forming a laminate including a photoelectric conversion layer made of a semiconductor on a polyimide film substrate of the laminate.
- This laminated body has a photoelectric conversion layer that converts sunlight energy into electric energy as an essential component, and usually further includes an electrode layer for taking out the obtained electric energy.
- a laminated structure in which a photoelectric conversion layer is sandwiched between a pair of electrode layers will be described as a typical example of the laminated body formed so as to constitute a film-like solar cell.
- a structure in which several photoelectric conversion layers are stacked can be said to be a solar cell of the present invention if it is produced by PVD or CVD.
- the laminated structure formed in the present invention is not limited to the embodiment described below, and the structure of the laminated body of the solar cell of the prior art may be referred to as appropriate, and a protective layer and known auxiliary means may be added. Is.
- One electrode layer (hereinafter also referred to as a back electrode layer) of the pair of electrode layers is preferably formed on one main surface of the polyimide film substrate.
- the back electrode layer can be obtained by laminating a conductive inorganic material by a method known per se, for example, a CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) method or a sputtering method.
- conductive inorganic materials include metal thin films such as Al, Au, Ag, Cu, Ni, stainless steel, In2O3, SnO2, ZnO, Cd2SnO4, ITO (In2O3).
- Oxide semiconductor-based conductive materials such as those obtained by adding Sn to the above.
- the thickness of the back electrode layer is not particularly limited, and is usually about 30 to 1000 nm.
- the back electrode layer is a metal thin film. Further, even if a film formation that does not use a vacuum such as Ag paste is used for extracting some electrodes, it can be said to be the solar cell of the present invention.
- the photoelectric conversion layer for converting the energy of sunlight into electric energy is a layer made of a semiconductor, CuInSe 2 which is a compound semiconductor thin film (chalcopyrite structure semiconductor thin film) made of a group I element, a group III element, and a group VI element.
- a (CIS) film, or a Cu (In, Ga) Se2 (CIGS) film (hereinafter collectively referred to as a CIS film) in which Ga is dissolved, and a silicon semiconductor layer.
- the silicon-based semiconductor include a thin film silicon layer, an amorphous silicon layer, and a polycrystalline silicon layer.
- the photoelectric conversion layer may be a laminate having a plurality of layers made of different semiconductors.
- dye may be sufficient.
- an organic thin film semiconductor made of an organic compound such as a conductive polymer or fullerene may be used.
- the thin film silicon layer is a silicon layer obtained by a plasma CVD method, a thermal CVD method, a sputtering method, a cluster ion beam method, a vapor deposition method, or the like.
- the amorphous silicon layer is a layer made of silicon having substantially no crystallinity. The lack of crystallinity can be confirmed by not giving a diffraction peak even when irradiated with X-rays.
- Means for obtaining an amorphous silicon layer are known, and examples of such means include a plasma CVD method and a thermal CVD method.
- the polycrystalline silicon layer is a layer made of an aggregate of microcrystals made of silicon.
- the amorphous silicon layer described above is distinguished by giving a diffraction peak by irradiation with X-rays.
- Means for obtaining a polycrystalline silicon layer are known, and such means include means for heat-treating amorphous silicon.
- the photoelectric conversion layer used in the present invention is not limited to a silicon-based semiconductor layer, and may be, for example, a thick film semiconductor layer.
- the thick film semiconductor layer is a semiconductor layer formed from a paste of titanium oxide, zinc oxide, copper iodide or the like.
- the means for constituting the semiconductor material as a photoelectric conversion layer may refer to a known method as appropriate.
- an a-Si (n layer) of about 20 nm is formed by performing high-frequency plasma discharge in a gas obtained by adding phosphine (PH3) to SiH4 at a temperature of 200 to 500 ° C., and then using only SiH4 gas.
- a-Si (i layer) can be formed, followed by addition of diborane (B2H6) to SiH4 to form about 10 nm of p-Si (p layer).
- an electrode layer (hereinafter also referred to as a current collecting electrode layer) provided on the side opposite to the polyimide film substrate is formed by consolidating a conductive paste containing a conductive filler and a binder resin.
- the electrode layer may be a transparent electrode layer.
- an oxide semiconductor material such as In 2 O 3, SnO 2, ZnO, Cd 2 SnO 4, ITO (In 2 O 3 added with Sn) can be preferably used.
- a preferred embodiment of the present invention is a film-like solar cell in which transparent electrode / p-type a-Si / i-type a-Si / n-type a-Si / metal electrode / polyimide film are laminated in this order.
- the p layer may be a-Si
- the n layer may be polycrystalline silicon
- a thin and doped a-Si layer may be inserted between them.
- an antireflection layer, a surface protective layer, or the like may be added in addition to the above structure.
- a thin film transistor as an application example is one in which a semiconductor layer constituting a transistor and an insulating film, an electrode, a protective insulating film constituting an element, and the like are formed by depositing a thin film. It is usually distinguished from silicon wafers that use silicon as the semiconductor layer. Usually, a thin film is produced by a method using a vacuum such as PVD (physical vapor deposition) such as vacuum vapor deposition or CVD (chemical vapor deposition) such as plasma CVD. For this reason, what is not a single crystal like a silicon wafer is included. Even if Si is used, it includes microcrystalline silicon TFT, high-temperature polysilicon TFT, low-temperature polysilicon TFT, oxide semiconductor TFT, organic semiconductor TFT, and so on.
- PVD physical vapor deposition
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- MEMS elements include those created using MEMS technology, including inkjet printer heads, probes for scanning probe microscopes, contactors for LSI floating bars, optical spatial modulators for maskless exposure, and optical integration Including elements, infrared sensors, flow sensors, acceleration sensors, MEMS gyro sensors, RF MEMS switches, internal and external blood pressure sensors, and video projectors using grating light valves and digital micromirror devices.
- Examples of applied sensors include strain gauges, load cells, semiconductor pressure sensors, optical sensors, photoelectric elements, photodiodes, Magnetic sensor, Contact temperature sensor, Thermistor temperature sensor, Resistance temperature sensor, Thermocouple temperature sensor, Non-contact temperature sensor, Radiation thermometer , Microphone, ion concentration sensor, gas concentration sensor, displacement sensor, potentiometer, differential transformer displacement sensor, rotation angle sensor, linear encoder , Tachometer generator, rotary encoder, optical position sensor (PSD), ultrasonic distance meter, capacitance displacement meter, laser doppler vibration velocity meter, laser doppler velocimeter, gyro sensor, acceleration sensor, seismic sensor, one-dimensional image, linear Image sensor, 2D image, CCD image sensor, CMOS image sensor, Liquid, Leak sensor (Leak sensor), Liquid sensor (Level sensor), Hardness sensor, Electric field sensor, Current sensor, Voltage sensor, Electric power sensor, infrared sensor, radiation sensor, humidity sensor, odor sensor, flow sensor, tilt sensor, vibration sensor
- Examples of logic circuits as application examples include logic circuits based on NAND and OR and those synchronized by a clock.
- a method of cutting out the polyimide film of the easily peelable portion after creating a device in the easily peelable portion of the laminate for obtaining a polyimide laminate with a device a method of cutting out the polyimide film with a blade or a laser And a method of cutting a polyimide film by relatively scanning the laminate, a method of cutting a polyimide film by relatively scanning a water jet and the laminate, and a semiconductor chip dicing device, and cutting slightly to a glass layer While there is a method of cutting out the polyimide film while the apparatus is not particularly limited.
- the reinforcing member when attaching a reinforcement member by making the polyimide film with a device into a final product, after fixing a reinforcement member to this laminated body to which the device was attached previously, it can cut out.
- the reinforcing member include a method of separately bonding or sticking a polymer film.
- the polymer film used separately is after passing through a process that already requires a high temperature, there are less restrictions on heat resistance than the polyimide film, and various polymer films can be selected.
- an error occurs when the pattern is precisely followed on the polyimide surface of the good adhesion portion and the easy peeling portion. Therefore, cutting slightly toward the easy peeling portion side from the pattern increases the productivity.
- the present invention as a method of easily peeling from the substrate made of the inorganic material after cutting out the polyimide film of the easily peelable part after creating a device in the easily peelable part of the laminate for obtaining a polyimide laminate with a device in the present invention. It is possible to squeeze from the end with tweezers, etc., but after fixing one side of the cutout part of the polyimide film with the device with an adhesive tape, squeeze from that part, one side of the cutout part of the polyimide film with the device There is also a method of starting from that part after vacuum suction.
- the bent portion of the polyimide film with the device is bent with a small curvature, stress may be applied to the device at that portion and the device may be broken. Therefore, the device may be peeled off with a large curvature as much as possible. desirable. For this reason, it is desirable to roll while winding on a roll having a large curvature or to roll using a machine having a configuration in which a roll having a large curvature comes to the peeling portion.
- the reinforcing member In the case where the reinforcing member is fixed to the laminate with the device attached thereto and then cut out, and when the reinforcing member is attached separately to the cutout portion of the polyimide film with the device and then peeled off, the polyimide film and the polymer Considering the elastic modulus and film thickness of the film, it is desirable because it is possible to make the device part less susceptible to stress.
- the reinforcing member include a polymer film, ultrathin glass, and SUS when a reinforcing member is separately attached to the cutout portion of the polyimide film with the device.
- Solution viscosity of polyamic acid solution Measured at 25 ° C. with a Brookfield viscometer. 3. The thickness of a polyimide film or the like was measured using a micrometer (Finereuf, Millitron 1245D). 4). Tensile modulus, tensile breaking strength and tensile breaking elongation of polyimide film and polyimide laminate 100 mm ⁇ 10 mm strips of the polyimide film and polyimide laminate to be measured in the flow direction (MD direction) and the width direction (TD direction), respectively The test piece was cut into a shape.
- 180 degree peel strength According to the 180 degree peel method of JIS C6471, the peel strength of the polyimide film with respect to the support and the peel strength of the varnish layer with respect to the polyimide film were determined by conducting a 180 degree peel test under the following conditions. For this measurement, a sample that was not subjected to UV irradiation was prepared separately, and peeling measurement was performed. In this sample, the size of the polyimide film was 110 mm ⁇ 200 mm with respect to glass ⁇ 100 mm, and an unbonded portion of the polyimide film was made on one side, thereby making this “grasping”.
- UV lamp SE-1103G
- 05 a UV lamp
- SE-1103G a UV lamp
- the UV lamp emits an emission line with a wavelength of 185 nm (short wavelength capable of generating ozone for promoting inactivation treatment) and a wavelength of 254 nm.
- the illuminance is about 20 mW / cm 2 (illuminance meter (“ORC UV-M03AUV” ]) At a wavelength of 254 nm.
- a polyimide film hollowed out to 70 mm was used as a mask. And this sample also made the non-adhesive part of the polyimide film on one side with a polyimide film having a size of 110 mm ⁇ 2000 mm with respect to glass ⁇ 100 mm, and this was made “grasping”. Note that the peel strength after heating at 400 ° C. for 1 h was placed in a muffle furnace in which N 2 was passed through the laminate prepared under the same conditions to create a nitrogen atmosphere, and this was heated to 400 ° C. at a temperature rising rate of 10 ° C./min. It was kept at 400 ° C. for 1 hour. After that, the door of the muffle furnace was opened and natural cooling was performed by the atmosphere.
- the peel strength of the polyimide laminate with the support after cooling was determined in the same manner as described above at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. In the same manner, in a PCT chamber, after removing a laminated body which has been placed for 96 hours in an environment of saturated water vapor, 2 atm and 121 ° C., the peel strength is the same as above at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. I asked for it.
- the peel strength of the varnish layer was evaluated by attaching an epoxy resin as an adhesive layer to the polyimide laminate with a support and attaching a polyimide film of NO1 in Table 3 below to the upper surface of the varnish surface.
- CTE Linear expansion coefficient
- the flat processing is performed. Thereafter, Ra value and PV value were calculated by software attached to the apparatus, and the same operation was performed by changing three extraction (photographing) areas, and an average value of the calculated Ra value and PV value was adopted. 8). Average particle size of inorganic particles Inorganic particles to be measured are dispersed in a solvent as described later, and the particle size distribution is determined by a laser scattering particle size distribution analyzer LB-500 manufactured by Horiba, Ltd. The weight (volume) average particle size CV value was calculated. 9. The polyimide laminate with a support obtained by warping, peeling, and rubbing was judged visually.
- ⁇ There is no warpage, peeling or cloudiness in the polyimide laminate with support.
- delta A part of polyimide laminated body with a support
- X The polyimide laminate with support has warpage, peeling, and white turbidity.
- Coupling agent layer thickness measurement method The coupling layer thickness was measured on the thickness of the Si wafer. The film thickness was measured by ellipsometry, and the measuring instrument used was FE-5000 manufactured by Hottal. The hardware specifications of this measuring instrument are as follows. Reflection angle range 45 to 80 °, wavelength range 250 to 800 nm, wavelength resolution 1.25 nm, spot diameter 1 mm, tan ⁇ measurement accuracy ⁇ 0.01, cos ⁇ measurement accuracy ⁇ 0.01, system rotation analyzer method. Measurement was performed at a deflector angle of 45 ° and an incident angle of 70 °, and the analyzer measured from 0 to 360 ° and 250 to 800 nm in increments of 11.25 °.
- the film thickness was obtained by fitting by a non-linear least square method.
- the wavelength dependence C1 to C6 was obtained by the following formula. 11.
- Cross-sectional observation After embedding a polyimide laminate piece cut out to 2 mm x 10 mm with an acrylic resin (Toagosei Co., Ltd. Aronix), a cross-sectional sample of the polyimide laminate piece was prepared by a normal method using a microtome.
- Example 1 The prepared cross-sectional sample was observed with the differential interference microscope (Nikon Corporation OPTIPHOT, objective lens 40 times) and confirmed that it was not a unique part, and then photographed appropriately. Note that the number of pixels at the time of shooting is 1280 ⁇ 1024 pixels within a field of view of 282 ⁇ m ⁇ 353 ⁇ m in width ⁇ length.
- samples with different thicknesses of Example 1, Example 9, and Example 10 were produced as Examples 19, 20, and 21 as polyimide laminates for photographing, respectively.
- the produced methanol was distilled off using a water separator, and the mixture was cooled when the amount reached about 580 g.
- the time required for cooling after raising the temperature was 6 hours.
- about 30 g of methanol remaining in the system was removed under reduced pressure at 13 kPa for about 10 minutes.
- an epoxy group-containing alkoxysilane partial condensate (1) was obtained.
- the equivalent of the hydroxyl group of the epoxy compound at the time of preparation / the alkoxy group of the alkoxysilane partial condensate (equivalent ratio) 0.20, and the epoxy equivalent is 279 g / eq.
- Table 3 shows the final film thickness of the polyamic acid solution A1 on the non-slip surface of the polyethylene terephthalate film A-4100 (manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.). After coating with a comma coater to “(b layer) thickness”, drying at 110 ° C. for 5 minutes, and with PET film (without peeling from PET film), single layer polyamic acid film Rolled up.
- a single-layer polyamic acid film wound with a PET film as a film-forming support is attached to the unwinding part of the film-forming machine, and the polyamic acid solution A2 is shown as “(a layer) thickness” in Table 3
- a single layer polyamic acid film surface is coated with a comma coater so as to be thick, and dried at 110 ° C. for 20 minutes to form a multilayer polyamic acid film having a two-layer structure on a PET film as a film forming support. Obtained.
- the obtained multilayer polyamic acid film having a two-layer structure is peeled off from the PET film as the film-forming support, passed through a pin tenter having three heat treatment zones, and the first stage 150 ° C. ⁇ 2 minutes, the second stage 220 ° C. Heat treatment was performed for 2 minutes and the third stage at 475 ° C. for 4 minutes, and slit to 500 mm width to obtain a polyimide film 1 having a multilayer structure.
- a PET film (protective film A) provided with a slightly adhesive layer on one side is laminated on the b layer side (in this example, the polyamic acid solution A1 side) and then wound. I took it.
- the properties of the obtained polyimide film 1 are shown in Table 3.
- the protective film A is attached for the purpose of preventing foreign matter adhesion or scratches on the film surface. When transported by roll-to-roll at a relatively low temperature, it is handled manually. When performing, the protective film A operated in the state which stuck. However, for example, when pressing or laminating under conditions exceeding 130 ° C., or when performing each treatment on the surface to which the protective film A is attached, each operation was performed after the protective film A was removed. .
- a polyimide film 2 was obtained in the same manner as in the film production example 1 except that the coating amounts of the polyamic acid solutions A1 and A2 were changed to the dry film thicknesses shown in Table 3, respectively.
- Table 3 shows the properties of the obtained polyimide film.
- the polyimide side (a layer side) of the polyimide film not containing a lubricant was subjected to vacuum plasma treatment.
- the vacuum plasma treatment was a treatment by RIE mode RF plasma using parallel plate type electrodes.
- O2 gas was introduced into the vacuum chamber, and high frequency power of 13.56 MHz was introduced for a treatment time of 3 minutes.
- the silane coupling agent (3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane) was diluted to 1 wt% with isopropyl alcohol in the glove box in which N 2 was flowing. Thereafter, the spin coater in a state where isopropyl alcohol is filled in the spin coater (at least the isopropyl alcohol concentration in the spin coater is 1000 ppm or more), ultrasonic cleaning with pure water for 5 min, ultrasonic cleaning with ethanol for 5 min, Glass (Corning EAGLE XG 100mm x 100mm) as a support after sonic cleaning for 5 min 0.7mm thick), isopropyl alcohol is dropped, the liquid is shaken off and dried at 1000 rpm, and then this coupling agent diluted solution is dropped at the center of rotation to put the silane coupling agent at the center of rotation.
- a polyimide film cut out in a 70 mm ⁇ 70 mm ( ⁇ 70 mm) pattern is placed as a mask on the coupling treatment layer surface of the support provided with the coupling treatment layer obtained above, and the periphery of the laminate is 15 mm apart.
- UV irradiation treatment was performed within a range of 70 mm ⁇ 70 mm ( ⁇ 70 mm).
- a UV / O3 cleaning and reforming apparatus (“SKB1102N-01") manufactured by Run Technical Service Co., Ltd. and a UV lamp (“SE-1103G05" are used, and the distance from the UV lamp is about 3 cm. For 4 minutes.
- the UV lamp emits an emission line with a wavelength of 185 nm (short wavelength capable of generating ozone for promoting inactivation treatment) and a wavelength of 254 nm.
- the illuminance is about 20 mW / cm 2 (illuminance meter (“ORC” UV-M03AUV ”) at a wavelength of 254 nm.
- the surface of the support after the UV irradiation treatment is superposed so that the treatment surface of the coupling agent treatment / UV irradiation is opposite to each treatment surface of the polyimide film after the treatment obtained in the film treatment examples 1 to 5.
- a vacuum heat treatment was performed by vacuum pressing with a rotary pump at 10 + 2 Pa or less and a pressure of 10 MPa at 300 ° C. for 10 minutes to obtain a polyimide laminate with a support.
- Table 4 shows the evaluation results of the obtained polyimide laminate with a support. When observed with an optical microscope, a good pattern with no pattern residue was obtained. This is called a pattern film.
- Example 1 A 200 cc mixed solution of tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) (2.5 wt%), water (7.5 wt%), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (90 wt%) is prepared at room temperature and placed in a vat. 1 was removed after immersion for 3 minutes, the solution was drained, immersed in a pad containing 2 propanol (IPA) for 1 minute, then immersed in a pad containing pure water for 1 minute and then dried in a clean bench. .
- TMAH tetramethylammonium hydroxide
- DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
- a spin coater a polyimide laminate with a support subjected to organic alkali treatment is installed, and after baking, the thickness is adjusted to 5 ⁇ m, and polyimide A3 is dropped at the center of rotation to 500 rpm. And then rotated to 2500 rpm over 15 seconds, then rotated at 2500 rpm for 15 seconds, and stopped for 15 seconds to obtain a polyimide laminate with a support. Then, after putting into a N2 substitution muffle furnace at 100 degreeC for 20 minutes and making it dry, it heated up at 350 degreeC over 80 minutes, and hold
- the polyimide laminate was wrapped with aluminum foil to prevent direct contact with the outside air. After confirming that the temperature in the muffle furnace was lowered to 50 ° C. or lower, the polyimide laminate with a support provided with a varnish layer having a thickness of 5 ⁇ m was prepared from the muffle furnace. The evaluation results are shown in Tables 5 and 6.
- Example 2 The same operation as in Example 1 was conducted except that the pattern film used was changed to 2. The evaluation results are shown in Tables 5 and 6.
- Example 3 This was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the varnish layer was changed to B3. The evaluation results are shown in Tables 5 and 6.
- Example 4 This was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the varnish layer was C3. The evaluation results are shown in Tables 5 and 6.
- Example 5 This was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the varnish layer was D3. The evaluation results are shown in Tables 5 and 6.
- Example 6 The same procedure as in Example 1 was conducted except that the varnish layer was changed to E. The evaluation results are shown in Tables 5 and 6.
- Example 7 The same procedure as in Example 1 was performed except that the varnish layer was changed to F. The evaluation results are shown in Tables 5 and 6.
- Example 8 The same procedure as in Example 1 was performed except that the varnish layer was changed to G. The evaluation results are shown in Tables 5 and 6.
- Example 9 The same operation as in Example 1 was conducted except that the pattern film used was changed to 3. An evaluation result etc. are shown in Table 5, Table 6, and FIG.
- Example 10 The same operation as in Example 1 was conducted except that the pattern film used was changed to 4. An evaluation result etc. are shown in Table 5, Table 6, and FIG.
- Example 11 The same operation as in Example 1 was conducted except that the pattern film used was changed to 5. The evaluation results are shown in Tables 5 and 6.
- Example 12 This was carried out in the same manner as in Example 9 except that the varnish layer was changed to B3.
- the evaluation results are shown in Tables 5 and 6.
- Example 13 This was carried out in the same manner as in Example 11 except that the varnish layer was C3.
- the evaluation results are shown in Tables 5 and 6.
- Example 14 This was carried out in the same manner as in Example 9 except that the varnish layer was changed to D3.
- the evaluation results are shown in Tables 5 and 6.
- Example 15 The same procedure as in Example 10 was performed except that the varnish layer was changed to E.
- the evaluation results are shown in Tables 5 and 6.
- Example 16 This was carried out in the same manner as in Example 9 except that the varnish layer was changed to F. The evaluation results are shown in Tables 5 and 6.
- the polyimide laminate with the support was good without warping or peeling.
- Example 17 The pattern film 1 was immersed for 1 minute in a pad containing DMSO, and then immersed in a mixed solution of TMAH (25 wt%) and water (75 wt%). Tables 7 and 8 show the evaluation results.
- Example 18 After performing immersion treatment with a mixed solution of TMAH (2.5 wt%), water (7.5 wt%), and DMSO (90 wt%), the pattern film 1 was immersed for 1 minute in a pad containing 0.1 mol / L hydrochloric acid. Except for this, the same procedure as in Example 1 was performed. Tables 7 and 8 show the evaluation results.
- Example 19 A sample with a different thickness of Example 1 was produced. The evaluation results are shown in Table 9 and FIG.
- Example 20 A sample with a different thickness of Example 9 was produced. The evaluation results are shown in Table 9 and FIG.
- Example 21 >> A sample with a different thickness of Example 10 was produced. The evaluation results are shown in Table 9 and FIG.
- Comparative Example 1 >> The pattern film 1 was used without applying a varnish and without performing an alkali treatment. The evaluation results are shown in Table 10 and FIG.
- Comparative Example 4 The same procedure as in Comparative Example 2 was performed except that the varnish layer was C3. Table 10 shows the evaluation results.
- Comparative Example 5 It carried out like the comparative example 2 except having made the varnish layer D3. Table 10 shows the evaluation results.
- Comparative Example 6 >> The same procedure as in Comparative Example 2 was performed except that the varnish layer was changed to E. Table 10 shows the evaluation results.
- Comparative Example 7 >> The same procedure as in Comparative Example 2 was performed except that the varnish layer was changed to F. Table 10 shows the evaluation results.
- Comparative Example 8 >> The test was carried out in the same manner as in Comparative Example 2 except that the varnish layer was changed to G. Table 10 shows the evaluation results.
- Comparative Examples 9 to 11 A comparative polyimide laminate with a support was obtained in the same manner as in Examples 1, 3 and 4 except that the support was not treated with a coupling agent.
- Table 11 shows the evaluation results of the obtained polyimide laminate with a support.
- “impossible to measure” refers to the case where the polyimide film is peeled off during processing or measurement. Since the support substrate and the film do not adhere strongly, evaluation beyond the values shown in the table was difficult.
- Example 15 The alkali treatment was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the surface treatment was performed with an inorganic alkali KOH. Table 13 shows the evaluation results. It was difficult to maintain adhesive strength with inorganic alkali treatment.
- a thickness of 1 nm / second is obtained by a DC magnetron sputtering method in an argon atmosphere using an alumel alloy or chromel alloy target.
- An alumel thin film and a chromel thin film patterned with a 150 nm thick metal mask were formed so as to be able to cross each other in order.
- a gas barrier layer was deposited except for the portion where the electrode was taken out, to produce a thermocouple as a thin film as a polyimide laminate with a device with a support.
- thermoelectromotive force from the thermocouple decreased with time when heated to 300 ° C. and kept constant.
- the device-equipped polyimide laminate with a support whose surface smoothness was appropriately adjusted by the production method of the present invention could withstand each process such as metallization.
- the laminate obtained by the production method of the present invention is capable of laminating precise devices, and when laminating the device, the polyimide laminate at the easily peelable portion is cut to easily remove the resin layer from the inorganic layer. It can peel from a support body.
- the laminate of the present invention is a heat-resistant laminate that can be effectively used in the process of manufacturing a fine circuit board on ultra-thin resin, a device structure, etc., and can withstand a temperature rising process such as metallization.
- a circuit pattern with a small error can be obtained.
- this inorganic substrate can be smoothly peeled off, and a circuit or device can be formed with high precision on an extremely thin resin film excellent in insulation, heat resistance, and dimensional stability. It is effective for manufacturing devices such as plates and sensors.
- FIG. 1 Glass substrate 2: Coupling agent layer 3: UV light blocking mask 4: Coupling agent layer UV light unirradiated part 5: Coupling agent layer UV light irradiation part 6: Polyimide film 7: Coupling agent layer UV light irradiation Polyimide film 8 on the surface: Varnish layer 9: Coupling agent layer Varnish layer on UV light irradiation part 10: Coupling agent layer Polyimide laminate on UV light irradiation part (FIG.
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Abstract
Description
特に詳しくは、耐熱性と絶縁性に優れた薄いポリイミドなどのフィルムとそれとほぼ同程度の線膨張係数を有するガラス板、セラミック板、シリコンウエハ、金属から選ばれた一種の無機物からなる基板とが積層され、ポリイミドフィルムの表面には更に滑剤の無い層を積層しているため、精緻な回路がマウント可能な、寸法安定性と耐熱性と絶縁性と表面平滑性に優れた積層体およびこれを利用した、半導体素子などのデバイスが形成されたデバイス付加積層体および、このデバイス付加積層体を利用した半導体付加のフィルムデバイスに関する発明である。
半導体素子、MEMS素子、ディスプレイ素子などの機能素子を高分子フィルム表面に形成するに当たっては、高分子フィルムの特性であるフレキシビリティを利用した、 いわゆるロール・トゥ・ロールプロセスにて加工することが理想とされている。しかしながら半導体産業、MEMS産業、ディスプレイ産業界では、これまでウエハベースないしガラス基板ベースのリジッドな平面基板を対象としたプロセス技術が構築されてきた。現実的な選択として、高分子フィルムを、金属板、ウエハ、ガラス基板などの無機物からなるリジッドな支持体に貼り合わせし、所望の素子を形成した後に支持体から剥離することで、既存インフラを利用して高分子フィルム上に形成した機能素子を得ることが可能となる。高分子フィルムと無機物からなる支持体との貼り合わせに使う高分子フィルムについては、かかる機能素子の形成を行う上で支障ないレベルの表面平滑性、寸法安定性、クリーン性、プロセス温度への耐性、微細加工に用いられる薬液への耐性が求められる。
表面平滑性は、薄膜トランジスタ素子などでは、素子性能に大きな影響を与えることが知られている。また、表面に傷などがある場合は、配線の断線の原因となり、望ましくない。
寸法安定性については、半導体薄膜のなかでもSiについては、線膨張係数が3ppm/℃程度であり、この薄膜を基板上に堆積させる場合、基板と薄膜の間の線膨張係数の差が大きいと、薄膜中に応力が溜まり、性能の劣化や、薄膜の反り、剥がれをもたらす原因となる。特に薄膜作成プロセス中に高温が加わる場合、温度変化の間に、基板と薄膜の間の線膨張係数の差に起因する応力が大きくなることになる。プロセス温度への耐性については、低温ポリシリコン薄膜トランジスターの作成においては、脱水素化工程において、450℃2時間といった処理も必要な場合がある。 また、水素化アモルファスシリコン薄膜作成には200℃から300℃程度の温度を基板に加える事がありえる。このときに、高分子フィルムとして熱可塑性樹脂で性能を満足するものではない。
微細加工に用いられる薬液への耐性については、レジスト塗布と露光、エッチング、レジスト剥離を繰り返す半導体工程では、酸、アルカリを含めた薬液処理、薄膜作成の真空プロセスなどを含むため、これらに使う薬液への耐性が要求される。
そのため、有機材料からなる高分子フィルムを電子部品の基材として用いる検討がなされ、ポリエチレンナフタレート、ポリエチレンテレフタレートなどのポリマーからなる高分子フィルム、ポリイミドからなるフィルム、ポリテトラフルオロエチレンからなるフィルム、ガラス繊維強化エポキシが提案されている。ポリイミドからなるフィルムは耐熱性に優れ、また、強靭であるので高分子フィルムを薄くできるという長所を備えている。
これらのポリイミドフィルムは、一般的に線膨張係数が大きく温度変化による寸法変化が著しくて微細な配線をもつ回路の製造に適さない点等が問題となり、使用できる分野が限定される。このように、耐熱性、高機械的物性、フレキシブル性を具備した基材用として十分な物性のポリイミドフィルムを使ったデバイスは未だ得られていない。
引張弾性率を高くしたポリイミドフィルムとして、ベンゾオキサゾール環を主鎖に有するポリイミドからなるポリイミドベンゾオキサゾールフィルムが提案されている(特許文献1参照)。このポリイミドベンゾオキサゾールフィルムを誘電層とするプリント配線板も提案されている(特許文献2、特許文献3参照)。これらのベンゾオキサゾール環を主鎖に有するポリイミドからなるポリイミドベンゾオキサゾールフィルムは、引張破断強度、引張弾性率で改良され、線膨張係数において満足し得る範囲のものとなっているが、その優れた機械的物性の反面で、薄くすればするほど取り扱い上も困難となり、機械的、力学的に不十分であるなどの課題を有していた。
耐熱性の有る手法として固定基板上に、剥離層となる非晶質シリコン膜を介して樹脂基板を形成する工程と、前記樹脂基板上に少なくともTFT素子を形成する工程と、前記非晶質シリコン膜にレーザー光を照射することにより、前記非晶質シリコン膜において前記固定基板から前記樹脂基板を剥離する工程とを行い、前記樹脂基板を用いた柔軟性を有する表示装置を作製することが開示されている(特許文献5)。しかし、剥離に際して接着剤層をレーザー照射やエッチング手段を用いており、煩雑行程かつ高コストになる。UV照射によって高分子フィルム同士を接着することは、(特許文献6)開示されており、このときにカップリング剤を使うことも有効であることが示されているが、あくまで高分子フィルム同士の接着に関することであり、カップリング剤自体のUV光照射による、接着剥離力制御を行ったものではない。
フィルム表面の平滑性が要求されるデバイスの場合、一般に滑剤の入っているフィルムは表面がガラス基板などと比べると、表面粗さが大きいため、生産性に優れるフィルムを前記デバイスに使うことは困難であり、また滑剤の入っていないフィルムを多くのロールを使って搬送する場合はその工程中に微細な傷が入ることが必然であった。このため、滑剤を入れていないワニスを直接ガラス基板などに塗布焼成することでしかのみ平滑な表面を作ることは困難であった。
すなわち本発明は以下の構成からなる。
1)少なくとも支持体とポリイミド積層体とから構成されてなる支持体付きポリイミド積層体の製造方法であって、前記ポリイミド積層体は、少なくとも3層構造を有しており滑剤を含有する層を1層以上有し、両表層が滑剤を有していない積層体であって、前記支持体に対向させる面に表面処理が施されたポリイミドフィルムを用い、前記支持体と前記ポリイミドフィルムとが対向する面の少なくとも一方に、カップリング剤を用いて、接着剥離強度が異なる良好接着部分と易剥離部分とを形成するパターン化処理を施し、その後、前記支持体と前記ポリイミドフィルムとを重ね合わせて加圧加熱処理することとし、前記ポリイミドフィルムは前記加熱加圧処理により支持体と貼りあわせた後に有機アルカリ処理を行い、次いで滑剤成分を含まないポリアミック酸溶液(A)を塗布後乾燥してイミド化することを特徴とする支持体付きポリイミド積層体の製造方法。
2)前記ポリアミック酸溶液(A)が芳香族テトラカルボン酸類とベンゾオキサゾール構造(骨格)を有する芳香族ジアミン類との反応によって得られるポリアミック酸溶液からなることを特徴とする1)に記載の支持体付きポリイミド積層体の製造方法。
3)前記ポリアミック酸溶液(A)が3,3',4,4'-ビフェニルテトラカルボン酸二無水物と芳香族ジアミン類との反応によって得られるポリアミック酸溶液からなることを特徴とする1)に記載の支持体付きポリイミド積層体の製造方法。
4)前記パターン化処理は、カップリング剤処理を施してカップリング処理層を形成し、次いでカップリング処理層の一部に不活性化処理を施して所定のパターンを形成することにより行う1)~3)のいずれかに記載の支持体付きポリイミド積層体の製造方法。
5)前記不活性化処理として、ブラスト処理、真空プラズマ処理、大気圧プラズマ処理、コロナ処理、活性放射線照射処理、活性ガス処理、UV照射処理、オゾン処理および薬液処理からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種を行う4)に記載の支持体付きポリイミド積層体の製造方法。
6)前記不活性化処理として、少なくともUV照射処理を行う5)に記載の支持体付きポリイミド積層体の製造方法。
7)前記ポリイミドフィルムとして、ベンゾオキサゾール構造を有する芳香族ジアミン類とテトラカルボン酸類との反応によって得られるフィルムを用いる1)~6)のいずれかに記載の支持体付きポリイミド積層体の製造方法。
8)支持体とポリイミド積層体とがカップリング処理層を介して積層されてなる支持体付きポリイミド積層体であって、前記支持体と前記ポリイミド積層体との間の剥離強度が異なる良好接着部分と易剥離部分とを有しており、該良好接着部分と該易剥離部分とが所定のパターンを形成しており、かつ、前記ポリイミド積層体は、少なくとも3層構造を有しており滑剤を含有する層を1層以上有し、両表層が滑剤を有していない積層体であることを特徴とする支持体付きポリイミド積層体。
9)前記易剥離部分における支持体とポリイミド積層体との間の180度剥離強度が、前記良好接着部分における支持体とポリイミド積層体との間の180度剥離強度の1/2以下である8)に記載の支持体付きポリイミド積層体。
10)前記積層体上にデバイスが形成されてなる支持体付きポリイミド積層体の製造方法であって、前記積層体の易剥離部分のポリイミド積層体表面にデバイスを作成してから易剥離部分のポリイミド積層体に切り込みを入れて該ポリイミド積層体を前記支持体から剥離することを特徴とするデバイス付きポリイミド積層体の製造方法。
11)前記積層体上にデバイスが形成されてなる支持体付きポリイミド積層体であって、前期積層体の易剥離部分のポリイミド積層体表面にデバイスを作成してから易剥離部分のポリイミド積層体に切り込みを入れて該ポリイミド積層体を前記支持体から剥離することを特徴とするデバイス付きポリイミド積層体。
本発明で使用するポリイミドフィルムは、芳香族ジアミン類と芳香族テトラカルボン酸類との反応によって得られるポリイミドのフィルムが好ましく、線膨張係数(フィルムの長さ方向と幅方向でいずれも)が-5ppm/℃~+30ppm/℃であり、芳香族ジアミン類と芳香族テトラカルボン酸類とが下記の組み合わせであるポリイミドフィルムがより好ましい。
A.ピロメリット酸残基を有する芳香族テトラカルボン酸類、ベンゾオキサゾール構造(骨格)を有する芳香族ジアミン類との組み合わせ。
B.フェニレンジアミン骨格を有する芳香族ジアミン類とビフェニルテトラカルボン酸骨格を有する芳香族テトラカルボン酸類との組み合わせ。
C.ピロメリット酸残基を有する芳香族テトラカルボン酸類、ジアミノジフェニルエーテル(骨格)を有する芳香族ジアミン類との組み合わせにナノシリカを分散させたもの。この中でも特にAが好ましい。
本発明で用いられるテトラカルボン酸類としては、特に制限はなく、ポリイミド合成に通常用いられる芳香族テトラカルボン酸類、脂肪族テトラカルボン酸類、脂環族テトラカルボン酸類、またはこれらの酸無水物等を用いることができる。中でも、芳香族テトラカルボン酸無水物類、脂肪族テトラカルボン酸無水物類、脂環族テトラカルボン酸無水物類が好ましく、芳香族テトラカルボン酸無水物類がより好ましい。これらが酸無水物である場合、分子内に無水物構造は1個であっても2個であってもよいが、好ましくは2個の無水物構造を有するもの(二無水物)がよい。芳香族テトラカルボン酸無水物類としては、特に限定されないが、ピロメリット酸残基、すなわちピロメリット酸由来の構造を有するものが好ましい。芳香族テトラカルボン酸無水物類としては、具体的には、以下のものが挙げられる。
重合反応により得られるポリアミック酸溶液から、ポリイミドフィルムを形成するためには、ポリアミック酸溶液を支持体上に塗布して乾燥することによりグリーンフィルム(自己支持性の前駆体フィルム)を得て、次いで、グリーンフィルムを熱処理に供することでイミド化反応させる方法が挙げられる。支持体へのポリアミック酸溶液の塗布は、スリット付き口金からの流延、押出機による押出し、等を含むが、これらに限られず、従来公知の溶液の塗布手段を適宜用いることができる。
この多層ポリイミドフィルムの多層化(積層)方法は、両層の密着に問題が生じなければ、特に限定されるものではなくて、かつ他の層例えば接着剤層などを介することなく密着するものであればよい。例えば、一方のポリイミドフィルムを作成後このポリイミドフィルム上に他方のポリアミック酸溶液を連続的に塗布してイミド化する方法、一方のポリアミック酸溶液を流延しポリアミック酸前駆体フィルムを作成後このポリアミック酸フィルム上に他方のポリアミック酸溶液を連続的に塗布して後、イミド化する方法、共押し出しによる方法、前述の(b)層上に(a)のポリアミック酸溶液をスプレーコート、Tダイ
塗工などで塗布してイミド化する方法などが挙げられる。上記方法のうち、一方のポリアミック酸溶液を流延しポリアミック酸前駆体フィルムを作成後このポリアミック酸フィルム上に他方のポリアミック酸溶液を連続的に塗布して後イミド化する方法、あるいは一方のポリイミドフィルムを作成後このポリイミドフィルム上に他方のポリアミック酸溶液を連続的に塗布してイミド化する方法が好ましい。また、多層の構成は、(b)層上に(a)層が積層されたものであり、本発明の多層ポリイミドフィルムにおける(a)/(b)の厚さの比は特に限定されないが、(a)/(b)の厚さの比((a)/(b))は0.05~0.95が好ましく、(a)/(b)の厚さの比が0.95を超えると(b)層の平滑性が失われがちとなり、一方0.05未満の場合、表面特性の改良効果が不足し易滑性が失われる場合が多い。
多層ポリイミドのフィルムにおいては、一層(a層)がハンドリング性、生産性を確保する為、そのポリイミド中に前述の滑材を添加・含有せしめて、層(フィルム)表面に微細な凹凸を付与し層(フィルム)で滑り性を確保することが好ましい。
表面に微細な凹凸を付与しポリイミドフィルムに滑り性を確保するために一方の(a)層を形成するポリイミドに対して、滑剤量を0.4~50質量%の範囲で含有させることが必要であり、好ましくは0.5~3質量%の範囲、より好ましくは0.5~1.0質量%の範囲である。滑材の含有量が少ないときは、滑り性の確保がそれほどなく好ましくない。一方滑材の含有量が多すぎると表面凹凸が大きくなり過ぎ滑り性の確保が見られても平滑性の低下を招く、ポリイミドフィルムの破断強度、破断伸度の低下を招く、CTEの上昇を招くなどによる課題を残し好ましくない。
上記の第四級アンモニウムハイドロオキサイド水溶液には、DMSO(ジメチルスルホキシド)、IPA(2-プロパノール)の溶媒を添加してもよい。NMP(N-メチル-2-ピロリドン)、DMF(N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド)では混合溶液にした際に、沈殿が生じてしまった。
また使用する水としては、電子部品に悪影響を及ぼすような成分(ハロゲンイオン、アルカリ金属イオン等)を含有しない脱イオン水が好ましい。
、Tダイ塗工などで塗布してイミド化する方法などが挙げられるが、二層ポリイミドフィルム作製のためのポリアミック酸溶液を流延しポリアミック酸前駆体フィルムを作成後、ポリアミック酸フィルム上にワニス層溶液(ポリアミック酸溶液)を連続的に塗布して後イミド化する方法、二層ポリイミドフィルムを作成後このポリイミドフィルム上に他方のワニス層溶液(ポリアミック酸溶液)を連続的に塗布してイミド化する方法が好ましい。
ポリイミドを有機アルカリ処理することで剥離強度が大幅に向上する。有機アルカリ処理を行ったポリイミド積層体1,2,3のポリイミド表面は、イミド分解物が生成し化学的組成変化が起こり、同時に表面粗さも減少する。これらのことから、アンカー効果よりも化学結合により剥離強度が向上すると考えられる。
有機アルカリ処理を行ったポリイミド積層体表面は、未有機アルカリ処理のポリイミド積層体表面に比べて、OH基由来の吸収が確認されたほか、-COOHのエステル結合由来、あるいは-NH2結合由来と考えられる吸収が確認された。有機アルカリ処理により、イミド結合が開き、-COOHやーNH2が生成した。この時に、変性したポリイミドが界面となり観察されたものと推察される。ポリイミドがポリアミック酸となり、ワニスとの親和性が向上することにより、再イミド結合することにより剥離強度が向上したと考えられる。
トリメトキシシリルプロピル)イソシアヌレート、クロロメチルフェネチルトリメトキシシラン、クロロメチルトリメトキシシランなどが挙げられる。
他にもカップリング剤として使いうるものとして、1-メルカプト-2-プロパノール、3-メルカプトプロピオン酸メチル、3-メルカプト-2-ブタノール、3-メルカプトプロピオン酸ブチル、3-(ジメトキシメチルシリル)-1-プロパンチオール、4-(6-メルカプトヘキサロイル)ベンジルアルコール、11-アミノ-1-ウンデセンチオール、11-メルカプトウンデシルホスホン酸、11-メルカプトウンデシルトリフルオロ酢酸、2,2‘―(エチレンジオキシ)ジエタンチオール、11-メルカプトウンデシルトリ(エチレングリコール)、(1-メルカプトウンデイックー11-イル)テトラ(エチレングリコール)、1-(メチルカルボキシ)ウンデック-11-イル)ヘキサ(エチレングリコール)、ヒドロキシウンデシルジスルフィド、カルボキシウンデシルジスルフィド、ヒドロキシヘキサドデシルジスルフィド、カルボキシヘキサデシルジスルフィド、テトラキス(2-エチルヘキシルオキシ)チタン、チタンジオクチロキシビス(オクチレングリコレート)、ジルコニウムトリブトキシモノアセチルアセトネート、ジルコニウムモノブトキシアセチルアセトネートビス(エチルアセトアセテート)、ジルコニウムトリブトキシモノステアレート、アセトアルコキシアルミニウムジイソプロピレートなどが挙げられる。
BSG+Quartz、 BSG+ Quartz, BSG+AL2O3、 Pb+BSG+AL2O3、 Glass-ceramic、ゼロデュア材などの 基板用セラミックス、TiO2、チタン酸ストロンチウム、チタン酸カルシウム、チタン酸マグネシウム。アルミナ、MgO、ステアタイト、BaTi4O9、BaTiO3、BaTi4+CaZrO3、BaSrCaZrTio3、Ba(TiZr)O3、PMN-PT PFN-PFWなどのキャパシター材料、PbNb2O6、Pb0.5Be0.5Nb2O6,
PbTiO3, BaTiO3, PZT, 0.855PZT-.95PT-0.5BT,
0.873PZT-0.97PT-0.3BT, PLZTなどの圧電材料が含まれる。
プラズマ処理の持つ効果には、表面官能基の付加、これに伴う接触角の変化、接着性の向上表面汚染の除去、などと共に、デスミアと呼ばれる、加工に伴う不規則形状物の除去などの表面をエッチングする効果がある。特に高分子とセラミックではエッチングされやすさが全く異なる為、セラミックに比べて結合エネルギーの低い高分子のみが選択的にエッチングされることになる。このため、エッチング作用のあるガス主、放電条件では、選択的に高分子のみがエッチングされて滑材(粒子、フィラーともいう)を露出させるという作用も生じる。このポリイミドフィルムは、ポリイミド形成用ポリアミック酸溶液(ポリイミド前駆体溶液)に滑材を添加したものと添加しないか極めて少量のみ添加したものを併用使用することで製造することが出来、ポリイミドフィルム作成時のロール巻き取り性や適宜のすべり性も付与されポリイミドフィルム製造が容易となるものである。
前記不活性処理としては、ブラスト処理、真空プラズマ処理、大気圧プラズマ処理、コロナ処理、活性放射線照射処理、活性ガス処理、薬液処理からなる群より選択される少なくとも一種以上の処理を使用することが出来る。
前記真空プラズマ処理とは、減圧されたガス中での放電によって生じるプラズマ中に対象物を暴露するか、ないしは、同放電によって生じたイオンを対象物に衝突させる処理を云う。ガスとしては、ネオン、アルゴン、窒素、酸素、フッ化炭素、二酸化炭素、水素等の単独、ないし混合ガスを用いることができる。
前記大気圧プラズマ処理とは、概ね大気圧雰囲気下におかれた気体中で生じる放電によって生じるプラズマ中に対象物を暴露するか、ないしは、同放電によって生じたイオンを対象物に衝突させる処理を云う。気体としてはネオン、アルゴン、窒素、酸素、二酸化炭素、水素等の単独ないし混合ガスを用いることができる。
前記コロナ処理とは概ね大気圧雰囲気下におかれた気体中で生じるコロナ放電雰囲気に対象物を暴露するか、ないしは、同放電によって生じたイオンを対象物に衝突させる処理を云う。
前記活性ガス処理とは、カップリング剤処理層に化学的、ないし物理的変化を生じせしめる活性を有する気体、例えばハロゲンガス、ハロゲン化水素ガス、オゾン、高濃度の酸素ガス、アンモニア、有機アルカリ、有機酸などのガスに対象物を暴露する処理を云う。前記薬液処理とは、カップリング剤処理層に化学的、ないし物理的変化を生じせしめる活性を有する液体、例えばアルカリ溶液、酸溶液、還元剤溶液、酸化剤溶液、などの液体、ないし溶液に対象物を暴露する処理を云う。
またUV処理であれば、無機層としてUV透過性を有するものを選択する場合には、無機層のカップリング剤処理を行った面とは逆の面から、直接描画、ないしマスクを介してUV照射を行うこともできる。以上のことから、本発明においては、UV照射により不活性化処理を行うことが好ましく、以下詳細に説明する。
UV露光処理に使える光源としては、エキシマランプ、低圧水銀ランプ、高圧水銀ランプ、Xeエキシマレーザー、ArFエキシマレーザー、KrFエキシマレーザー、Xeランプ、XeClエキシマレーザー、XeFエキシマレーザー、Arレーザー、D2ランプなどが挙げられる。中でも、エキシマランプ、低圧水銀ランプ、Xeエキシマレーザー、ArFエキシマレーザー、KrFエキシマレーザーなどが好ましい。
以下、フィルム状太陽電池を構成するよう形成される上記積層体の典型例として、光電変換層を一対の電極層で挟んでなる積層構造を説明する。しかし光電変換層を何層か積み重ねた構成なども、PVD、CVDでの作製ならば、本発明の太陽電池といえる。本発明で形成される積層構造は以下に記載される態様に限定されず、従来技術の太陽電池が有する積層体の構成を適宜参照してよく、保護層や公知補助手段を付加してもよいものである。
にSnを添加したもの)などの酸化物半導体系の導電材料などが挙げられる。裏面電極層の厚さは特に限定はなく、通常、30~1000nm程度である。好ましくは、裏面電極層は金属薄膜である。また、一部の電極引き出しで、Agペーストといった真空を利用しない膜形成を使用しても、本発明の太陽電池といえる。
造半導体薄膜)であるCuInSe2(CIS)膜、またはこれにGaを固溶したCu(In,Ga)Se2(CIGS)膜(以下、両者をまとめてCIS系膜ともいう)、シリコン系半導体からなる層である。シリコン系半導体には、薄膜シリコン層、無定形シリコン層、多結晶シリコン層などが挙げられる。光電変換層は、異なる半導体からなる複数の層を有する積層体であってもよい。また、色素を用いた光電変換層であっても良い。さらに導電性ポリマーやフラーレンなどの有機化合物よる有機薄膜半導体を用いるものでもよい。
薄膜シリコン層は、プラズマCVD法、熱CVD法、スパッタリング法、クラスタイオンビーム法、蒸着法などによって得られるシリコン層である。
無定形シリコン層は、実質的に結晶性をもたないシリコンからなる層である。実質的に結晶性をもたないことは、X線を照射しても回折ピークを与えないことによって確かめることができる。無定形シリコン層を得る手段は公知であり、そのような手段には、例えば、プラズマCVD法や熱CVD法などが含まれる。
多結晶シリコン層は、シリコンからなる微小結晶の集合体からなる層である。上述の無定形シリコン層とは、X線の照射により回折ピークを与えることによって区別される。多結晶シリコン層を得る手段は公知であり、そのような手段には、無定形シリコンを熱処理する手段などが含まれる。本発明で用いる光電変換層は、シリコン系半導体層に限られず、例えば、厚膜半導体層であってもよい。厚膜半導体層とは酸化チタン、酸化亜鉛、ヨウ化銅などのペーストから形成される半導体層である。
かくして、本発明の好適な態様例である、透明電極/p型a-Si/i型a-Si/n型a-Si/金属電極/ポリイミドフィルムの順で積層されてなるフィルム状太陽電池が得られる。また、p層をa-Si、n層を多結晶シリコンとして、両者の間に薄いアンド-プa-Si層を挿入した構造にしてもよい。特に、a-Si/多結晶シリコン系のハイブリッド型にすると、太陽光スペクトルに対する感度が改善される。太陽電池の作成においては、上記構成に加えて、反射防止層、表面保護層などを付加せしめてもよい。
用コンタクタ、マスクレス露光用光空間変調器、 光集積化素子、 赤外線センサー、 流量センサー、加速度センサー、MEMSジャイロセンサー、RF MEMS スイッチ、 体内、体外血圧センサーそして、グレーティングライトバルブ、デジタルマイクロミラーデバイスなどを使ったビデオプロジェクターなどを含む。
磁気センサー ,接触式温度センサー , サーミスタ温度センサー , 抵抗測温体温度センサー , 熱電対温度センサー , 非接触式温度センサー , 放射温度計
, マイクロフォン , イオン濃度センサー ,ガス濃度センサー , 変位 センサー, ポテンショメータ , 差動トランス変位 センサー, 回転角センサー , リニアエンコーダ
, タコジェネレータ , ロータリエンコーダ , 光位置センサー (PSD) , 超音波距離計 , 静電容量変位計 , レーザードップラー振動
速度計 , レーザードップラー流速計 , ジャイロセンサー , 加速度センサー, 地震センサー,一次元画像,リニアイメージセンサー, 二次元画像, CCDイメージセンサー,
CMOSイメージセンサー,液, 漏液センサー(リークセンサー), 液検知センサー(レベルセンサー), 硬度センサー, 電場センサー, 電流センサー, 電圧センサー,
電力センサー, 赤外線センサー, 放射線センサー, 湿度センサー, においセンサー, 流量センサー, 傾斜センサー, 振動センサー, 時間センサーおよび、これらのセンサーを複合した複合センサーや、これらのセンサーで検出した値から何らかの計算式に基づき別の物理量や感性値などを出力するセンサーなどを含む。
また、該デバイス付きのポリイミドフィルムを最終製品とするまでに補強部材をつける場合、先にデバイスをつけた該積層体に補強部材を固定させた後に切り抜くこともありえる。補強部材としては、別途高分子フィルムを接着あるいは粘着する方法などが例示できる。この場合別途使われる高分子フィルムは、既に高温を必要とするプロセスを通過した後であるため、該ポリイミドフィルムより耐熱性の制約は少なく、さまざまな高分子フィルムが選択しうる。
また、切り抜く位置については、正確に良好接着部分と易剥離部分のポリイミド表面にパターンに従う場合誤差も生じることから、該パターンより若干易剥離部分側に切り込むことが生産性を上げることになる。また、該パターンより若干難接着部分に切り込むことで、剥離させるまで、勝手に剥離してしまうことを防ぐ生産方式もありえる。更には、難接着部分の巾を狭く設定することで、剥離時に良好接着部分に残存するポリイミドフィルムをなくしてしまうことは、フィルムの利用効率を上げ、該積層体面積に対するデバイス面積を向上させ生産性を上げる本発明の一形式となる。更には、デバイスの個数によらず、該積層体の外周部そのものを切り抜き位置として、実際には切り抜き工程は入れずに剥がす方式も、本発明の極端な一形式となりえる。
また、先にデバイスをつけた該積層体に補強部材を固定させた後に切り抜くおよび該デバイス付きのポリイミドフィルムの切り抜き部分に別途補強部材を貼り付けた後に剥離する場合は、ポリイミドフィルムと該高分子フィルムの弾性率と膜厚を考慮することで、デバイス部分に極力応力が加わりにくい構成とすることもできるため望ましい。
補強部材としては、該デバイス付きのポリイミドフィルムの切り抜き部分に別途補強部材を貼り付ける場合には高分子フィルム、極薄ガラス、SUS、などが例示できる。高分子フィルムを使うことで、デバイスの軽量性が保たれる利点があり、透明性と各種加工性、割れにくいことが利点としてある。極薄ガラスを使うことで、ガスバリア性、対薬品安定性、透明性が得られることが利点としてある。SUSを使うことで、電気的にシールドできる点、割れにくいことが利点としてある。
1.ポリアミック酸の還元粘度(ηsp/C)
ポリマー濃度が0.2g/dlとなるようにN-メチルー2-ピロリドン(又は、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド)に溶解した溶液をウベローデ型の粘度管により30℃で測定した。(ポリアミック酸溶液の調製に使用した溶媒がN,N-ジメチルアセトアミドの場合は、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミドを使用してポリマーを溶解し、測定した。)
2.ポリアミック酸溶液の溶液粘度
ブルックフィールド粘度計により25℃で測定した。
3.ポリイミドフィルムなどの厚さ
マイクロメーター(ファインリューフ社製、ミリトロン1245D)を用いて測定した。
4.ポリイミドフィルム、ポリイミド積層体の引張弾性率、引張破断強度および引張破断伸度
測定対象のポリイミドフィルム、ポリイミド積層体を、流れ方向(MD方向)および幅方向(TD方向)にそれぞれ100mm×10mmの短冊状に切り出したものを試験片とした。引張試験機(島津製作所製、オートグラフ(R) 機種名AG-5000A)を用い、引張速度50mm/分、チャック間距離40mmの条件で、MD方向、TD方向それぞれについて、引張弾性率、引張破断強度及び引張破断伸度を測定した。
JIS C6471 の180度剥離法に従って、支持体に対するポリイミドフィルムの剥離強度 および、ポリイミドフィルムに対するワニス層の剥離強度は下記条件で180度剥離試験を行うことで求めた。またこの測定のために、別途UV照射は行わないサンプルを作成し、剥離測定を行った。このサンプルはガラス□100mmに対してポリイミドフィルムが110mmX200mmのサイズとして片側にポリイミドフィルムの未接着部分を作ることでここを“つかみしろ”とした。
装置名 ; 島津製作所社製 オートグラフAG-IS
測定温度 ; 室温
剥離速度 ; 50mm/min
雰囲気 ; 大気
測定サンプル幅 ; 1cm
次に、上記で得たカップリング処理層を備えた支持体のカップリング処理層面に、70mm×70mm(□70mm)のパターンに切り抜いたポリイミドフィルムをマスクとして載置し、積層体の周辺15mmずつを残して70mm×70mm(□70mm)の範囲内にUV照射処理を行った。なお、UV照射は、ランテクニカルサービス株式会社製のUV/O3洗浄改質装置(「SKB1102N-01」)とUVランプ(「SE-1103G
05」)とを用い、該UVランプから3cm程度離れた距離から4分間行った。照射時にはUV/O3洗浄改質装置内には特別な気体は入れず、UV照射は、大気雰囲気、室温で行った。なお、UVランプは185nm(不活性化処理を促進するオゾンを発生させうる短波長)と254nmの波長の輝線を出しており、このとき照度は20mW/cm2程度
(照度計(「ORC UV-M03AUV」)にて254nmの波長で測定)であった。
また、□70mmにくりぬいたポリイミドフィルムを使いマスクとした。そして、このサンプルもガラス□100mmに対してポリイミドフィルムが110mmX2000mmのサイズとして片側にポリイミドフィルムの未接着部分を作ることでここを“つかみしろ”とした。
なお、400℃、1h加熱後の剥離強度は、同一条件で作成した積層体にN2を流して窒素雰囲気としたマッフル炉に入れ、これを昇温速度10℃/minで400℃に加熱して1時間400℃保持とした。その後は、マッフル炉の扉を開けて大気により自然冷却を行った。熱処理を行った。この冷却後の支持体付きポリイミド積層体を室温、大気圧のもとで、剥離強度を上記と同じようにして求めた。
同様にして、PCTチャンバーにて、飽和水蒸気、2気圧、121℃の環境で、96時間置いた積層体を大気中に取り出した後に、室温、大気圧のもとで、剥離強度を上記と同じようにして求めた。
ワニス層の剥離強度は、支持体付きポリイミド積層体に接着層としてエポキシ樹脂を用い、ワニス面の上面に下記表3中NO1のポリイミドフィルムを貼り付け評価を行った。
測定対象のポリイミドフィルム、ポリイミド積層体を、流れ方向(MD方向)および幅方向(TD方向)において、下記条件にて伸縮率を測定し、30℃~45℃、45℃~60℃、…と15℃の間隔での伸縮率/温度を測定し、この測定を300℃まで行い、全測定値の平均値をCTEとして算出した。
機器名 ; MACサイエンス社製TMA4000S
試料長さ ; 20mm
試料幅 ; 2mm
昇温開始温度 ; 25℃
昇温終了温度 ; 400℃
昇温速度 ; 5℃/min
雰囲気 ; アルゴン
初荷重 ;34.5g/mm2
7.Ra値測定
表面形態の計測は表面物性評価機能付走査型プローブ顕微鏡(エスアイアイ・ナノテクノロジー株式会社製SPA300/nanonavi)を使用した。計測はDFMモードで行い、カンチレバーはエスアイアイ・ナノテクノロジー株式会社製DF3又はDF20を使用した。スキャナーはFS-20Aを使用し、走査範囲は10μm四方、測定分解能は512×512ピクセルとした。計測像については二次傾き補正を行った後、観察後に測定に伴うノイズが含まれる場合には、適宜その他の平坦化処理を使用する、例としてはフラット処理を行う。この後に装置付属のソフトウエアでRa値、PV値を算出して、同様の操作を、抽出(撮影)エリアを3カ所変えて行い、その算出Ra値、PV値の平均値を採用した。
8.無機粒子の平均粒子径
測定対象の無機粒子を後述のように溶媒に分散し、堀場製作所社製のレーザー散乱式粒度分布計LB-500により粒子径分布を求め、重量(体積)平均粒子径とCV値を算出した。
9.そり・はがれ・にごり
得られた支持体付きポリイミド積層体を目視により判断した。
○:支持体付きポリイミド積層体にそり・はがれ・白濁が無い。
△:支持体付きポリイミド積層体の一部にそり・はがれ・白濁がある。
×:支持体付きポリイミド積層体にそり・はがれ・白濁がある。
カップリング層厚さはSiウエハに作成した膜厚を測定した。
膜厚測定法は、エリプソメトリーにて行い、測定器はPhotal社製FE-5000を使用した。
この測定器のハード仕様は以下の通りである。
反射角度範囲 45から80°、波長範囲 250から800nm、波長分解能1.25nm、スポット径 1mm、tanΨ 測定精度±0.01、cosΔ 測定精度±0.01、方式回転検光子法。測定は偏向子角度 45°、入射 70°固定、検光子は11.25°刻みで0~360°、250~800nmの測定を行った。
非線形最小2乗法によるフィッティングで、膜厚を求めた。このとき、モデルとしては、Air/薄膜/Siのモデルで、
n=C3/λ4+C2/λ2+C1
k=C6/λ4+C5/λ2+C4
の式で波長依存C1~C6を求めた。
11.断面観察
2mm×10mmに切り出したポリイミド積層体小片をアクリル樹脂(東亞合成社アロニックス)にて包埋した後、ミクロトームを用いてポリイミド積層体小片の断面試料作製を通常の方法で行った。作製した断面試料は、2mm巾全域を微分干渉顕微鏡(ニコン社製OPTIPHOT、対物レンズ40倍)で観察して、特異な部分ではないことを確認したうえで、適宜写真撮影した。
なお、撮影時の画素数は、横×縦が282μm×353μmの視野内で1280×1024ピクセルである。
また、撮影用ポリイミド積層体として実施例1、実施例9、実施例10の厚み違いサンプルをそれぞれ実施例19、20,21、として作製した。
(ポリアミック酸溶液Aの作成)
窒素導入管,温度計,攪拌棒を備えた反応容器内を窒素置換した後、5-アミノ-2-(p-アミノフェニル)ベンゾオキサゾール223質量部、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド4416質量部を加えて完全に溶解させた後、ピロメリット酸二無水物217質量部、滑剤としてコロイダルシリカをジメチルアセトアミドに分散してなるスノーテックス(DMAC-ST30、日産化学工業製)をシリカが表1記載量になるように加え、25℃の反応温度で24時間攪拌すると、褐色で粘調なポリアミック酸溶液A1~A3が得られた。測定結果を表1、表2に記載する。
(ポリアミック酸溶液Bの作成)
窒素導入管,温度計,攪拌棒を備えた反応容器内を窒素置換した後、テトラカルボン酸二無水物として3,3',4,4'-ビフェニルテトラカルボン酸二無水物398質量部、パラフェニレンジアミン147質量部を4600質量部のN、N-ジメチルアセトアミドに溶解し、温度を20℃以下に保ちながら同様に反応させてポリアミック酸溶液B1~B3を得られた。測定結果を表1、表2に記載する。
(ポリアミック酸溶液Cの作成)
窒素導入管,温度計,攪拌棒を備えた反応容器内を窒素置換した後、ピロメリット酸無水物545質量部と、4,4'ジアミノジフェニルエーテル500質量部とを、8000質量部のN、N-ジメチルアセトアミドに溶解し、25℃の反応温度で24時間攪拌すると、褐色で粘調なポリアミック酸溶液C1~C3が得られた。測定結果を表1、表2に記載する。
(ポリアミック酸溶液Dの作成)
攪拌機、分水器、温度計および窒素ガス導入管を備えた反応装置に、グリシドール(
日本油脂(株)製、商品名「エピオールOH」)1400gおよびテトラメトキシシラン部分縮合物(多摩化学(株)製、商品名「メチルシリケート51」、Siの平均個数が4)4478.9gを仕込み、窒素気流下、ジブチル錫ジラウレートを1.1g加え反応させた。反応中、分水器を使って生成したメタノールを留去し、その量が約580gに達した時点で冷却した。昇温後冷却までに要した時間は6時間であった。ついで、13kPaで約10分間、系内に残存するメタノール約30gを減圧除去した。このようにして
、エポキシ基含有アルコキシシラン部分縮合物(1)を得た。
なお、仕込み時のエポキシ化合物の水酸基の当量/アルコキシシラン部分縮合物のアルコキシ基(当量比)=0.20、エポキシ当量は279g/eqである。
攪拌機、冷却管、温度計および窒素ガス導入管を備えた2Lの3ツ口フラスコに、ジアミン(B)としてODA85.1gおよびNMP1131.5gを加え、ODAが完全に溶解するまで室温でよく混合した後、60℃以下に冷却しながら、テトラカルボン酸二無水物(A)としてPMDA86.7gを加え30分攪拌し、ポリアミック酸(1-1)を合成した。(テトラカルボン酸二無水物(A)のモル数/ジアミン類(B)のモル数)=
0.94、ポリイミド換算固形残分は12.7%であった。
次に、80℃ まで昇温し、前記エポキシ基含有アルコキシシラン部分縮合物(1)63 .9gを加え、80℃で10時間攪拌しポリアミック酸(1-2)を得た。
(エポキシ基含有アルコキシシラン部分縮合物のエポキシ基の当量/ポリアミック酸( 1-1)に使用したテトラカルボン酸二無水物(A)のモル数)=0.58であった。
更に、ポリアミック酸(1-2)を40℃まで冷却し、ジアミン(D)としてp-PDA46.0gおよびNMP485.5gを加え、p-PDAが完全に溶解するまでよく混合した。そして、冷却しながらテトラカルボン酸二無水物(C)として、BPDA131.8gを加え、50℃で鎖伸張反応を1時間行い、ポリアミック酸D1~D3が得られた。測定結果を表1、表2に記載する。
(ポリアミック酸溶液Eの作成)
窒素導入管,温度計,攪拌棒を備えた反応容器内を窒素置換した後、1,3-ビス(4-アミノフェノキシ)ベンゼン930質量部を入れ、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド15000質量部を導入し、均一になるようによく攪拌した後、この溶液を0度まで冷やし、4,4‘-オキシジフタル酸無水物990質量部を添加、17時間攪拌した。薄黄色で粘調なポリアミック酸溶液Eが得られた。測定結果を表1、表2に記載する。
(ポリイミド酸溶液Fの作成)
温度計、攪拌装置、還流コンデンサおよび乾燥N2 吹込口を供えた300mlの4口フラスコに反応装置にN,N-ジメチルアセトアミド146g入れ窒素気流下でビス(3-アミノプロピル)テトラメチルジシロキサン14.0g(90mol%)およびp-フェニレンジアミン0.68g(10mol%)を溶解した。
あと、3,3´,4,4´-ベンゾフェノンテトラカルボン酸二無水物20.3g(100mol%)を加え、10℃で1時間攪拌を続けた。その後50℃で3時間攪拌して反応させポリアミック酸溶液Fを得た。測定結果を表1、表2に記載する。
(ポリアミック酸溶液Gの作成)
窒素導入管,温度計,攪拌棒を備えた反応容器内を窒素置換した後、5-アミノ-2-(p-アミノフェニル)ベンゾオキサゾール223質量部と4,4'ジアミノジフェニルエーテル40質量部、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド8000質量部を加えて完全に溶解させた後、ピロメリット酸二無水物217質量部、3,3',4,4'-ビフェニルテトラカルボン酸二無水物40質量部を加え、25℃の反応温度で24時間攪拌すると、褐色で粘調なポリアミック酸溶液Gが得られた。測定結果を表1、表2に記載する。
ポリアミック酸溶液A1を、ポリエチレンテレフタレート製フィルムA-4100(東洋紡績株式会社製)の無滑材面上に、最終膜厚(最終的にポリイミド膜となったときの膜厚)が表3に示す「(b層)の厚さ」となるように、コンマコーターを用いてコーティングし、110℃にて5分間乾燥した後、PET製フィルムとともに(PET製フィルムから剥がさずに)単層ポリアミック酸フィルムを巻き取った。製膜支持体のPET製フィルムとともに巻き取られた単層ポリアミック酸フィルムを製膜機の巻きだし部に取り付け、ポリアミック酸溶液A2を、表3中「(a層)厚さ」として示す乾燥膜厚となるように、コンマコーターを用いて単層ポリアミック酸フィルム面にコーティングし、110℃にて20分間乾燥して、製膜支持体のPET製フィルム上に2層構成の多層ポリアミック酸フィルムを得た。
ポリアミック酸溶液A1、A2の塗布量を、それぞれ表3に示す乾燥膜厚となるように変更したこと以外は、フィルム作製例1と同様にして、ポリイミドフィルム2を得た。得られたポリイミドフィルムの特性を表3に示す。
ポリアミック酸溶液A1をB1に変更し、ポリアミック酸溶液A2をB2に変更するとともに、ポリアミック酸溶液B1、B2の塗布量を、それぞれ表3に示す乾燥膜厚となるように変更したこと以外は、フィルム作製例1と同様にして、ポリイミドフィルム3を得た。得られたポリイミドフィルムの特性を表3に示す。
ポリアミック酸溶液A1をC1に変更し、ポリアミック酸溶液A2をC2に変更するとともに、ポリアミック酸溶液C1、C2の塗布量を、それぞれ表3に示す乾燥膜厚となるように変更したこと以外は、フィルム作製例1と同様にして、ポリイミドフィルム4を得た。得られたポリイミドフィルムの特性を表3に示す。
ポリアミック酸溶液A1をD1に変更し、ポリアミック酸溶液A2をD2に変更するとともに、ポリアミック酸溶液D1、D2の塗布量を、それぞれ表3に示す乾燥膜厚となるように変更したこと以外は、フィルム作製例1と同様にして、ポリイミドフィルム5を得た。得られたポリイミドフィルムの特性を表3に示す。
フィルム1~5を使用して、このポリイミドフィルムの滑材を含有していないポリイミド側(a層側)を真空プラズマ処理を行った。真空プラズマ処理は平行平板型の電極を使ったRIEモードRFプラズマによる処理で、真空チャンバー内にO2ガスを導入して、13.56MHzの高周波電力を導入することで処理時間は3分行なった。
0.7mm厚)を設置して、イソプロピルアルコールを滴下させ1000rpmにて液の振り切りと乾燥を行い、引き続きこのカップリング剤希釈液を回転中央部に滴下させてシランカップリング剤を回転中央部に滴下させて500rpmにて回転させ、その後に15秒かけ2500rpmまで回転させ、その後15秒間2500rpmにて回転し、15秒かけて回転を止めることで、全面を濡らした後に乾燥状態とした。これをクリーンベンチ内に置いた110℃に加熱したホットプレート上で1分間加熱して、厚さ11
nmのカップリング処理層を備えたカップリング剤処理済支持体を得た。
UV-M03AUV」)にて254nmの波長で測定)であった。
得られた支持体付きポリイミド積層体の評価結果を表4に示す。光学顕微鏡で観察して、だれ、パターン残りの無い良好なパターンが得られた。これをパターンフィルムと呼ぶ。
室温で水酸化テトラメチルアンモニウム(TMAH)(2.5wt%)、水(7.5wt%)、 ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)(90wt%)混合溶液200ccを作成し、バットに入れ、この中にパターンフィルム1を3分浸漬後に取り出して、液を切ってから、2プロパノール(IPA)を入れたパッドに1分間浸漬した後、純水を入れたパッドに1分浸漬した後にクリーンベンチ内で乾燥させた。スピンコーター内に、有機アルカリ処理を行った支持体付きポリイミド積層体を設置して、焼成した後に5μm厚となるように厚さを調整して、ポリイミドA3を回転中央部に滴下させて500rpmにて回転させ、その後に15秒かけ2500rpmまで回転させ、その後15秒間2500rpmにて回転し、15秒かけて回転を止め、支持体付きポリイミド積層体を得た。その後に、N2置換マッフル炉に100℃20分入れ乾燥させた後に、350℃に80分かけ昇温後に350℃で1時間保持した。この時、ポリイミド積層体に異物等の付着を防止するために、アルミホイルでポリイミド積層体を包み、外気との直接接触を防止した。マッフル炉内温度が50℃以下まで低下したことを確認してから、マッフル炉から取り出し、厚み5μmのワニス層を備えた支持体付きポリイミド積層体を作成した。評価結果などを表5、表6に示す。
使用パターンフィルムを2にした以外は実施例1と同じようにして実施した。評価結果などを表5、表6に示す。
《実施例3》
ワニス層をB3にした以外は実施例1と同じようにして実施した。評価結果などを表5、表6に示す。
ワニス層をC3にした以外は実施例1と同じようにして実施した。評価結果などを表5、表6に示す。
ワニス層をD3にした以外は実施例1と同じようにして実施した。評価結果などを表5、表6に示す。
ワニス層をEにした以外は実施例1と同じようにして実施した。評価結果などを表5、表6に示す。
ワニス層をFにした以外は実施例1と同じようにして実施した。評価結果などを表5、表6に示す。
《実施例8》
ワニス層をGにした以外は実施例1と同じようにして実施した。評価結果などを表5、表6に示す。
使用パターンフィルムを3にした以外は、実施例1と同様にして実施した。評価結果などを表5、表6、図1に示す。
使用パターンフィルムを4にした以外は、実施例1と同様にして実施した。評価結果などを表5、表6、図1に示す。
使用パターンフィルムを5にした以外は、実施例1と同様にして実施した。評価結果などを表5、表6に示す。
ワニス層をB3にした以外は実施例9と同じようにして実施した。評価結果などを表5、表6に示す。
《実施例13》
ワニス層をC3にした以外は実施例11と同じようにして実施した。評価結果などを表5、表6に示す。
《実施例14》
ワニス層をD3にした以外は実施例9と同じようにして実施した。評価結果などを表5、表6に示す。
《実施例15》
ワニス層をEにした以外は実施例10と同じようにして実施した。評価結果などを表5、表6に示す。
《実施例16》
ワニス層をFにした以外は実施例9と同じようにして実施した。評価結果などを表5、表6に示す。
DMSOを入れたパッドにパターンフィルム1を一分間浸漬した後にTMAH(25wt%)、水(75wt%)混合溶液による浸漬処理を行う、これ以外は実施例1と同じようにして実施した。評価結果などを表7、表8に示す。
TMAH(2.5wt%)、水(7.5wt%)、 DMSO(90wt%)混合溶液による浸漬処理を行った後に、0.1 mol/Lの塩酸を入れたパッドにパターンフィルム1を一分間浸漬した以外は実施例1と同じようにして実施した。評価結果などを表7、表8に示す。
実施例1の厚み違いサンプルを作製した。評価結果などを表9、図9に示す。
実施例9の厚み違いサンプルを作製した。評価結果などを表9、図10に示す。
実施例10の厚み違いサンプルを作製した。評価結果などを表9、図11に示す。
パターンフィルム1を使ってワニスを塗布せずにアルカリ処理も行わずに使用した。評価結果などを表10、図12に示す。
TMAHを使った処理はせずパターンフィルム1の上にスピンコーターを使って、焼成した後に5μm厚となるように厚さを調整してワニスA3を塗布した。その後にガラス板と共に、マッフル炉に100℃20分入れ乾燥させた後に、350℃に80分かけ昇温後に350℃で1時間保持した。この後にマッフル炉から取り出し積層体を作成した。評価結果などを表10に示す。
ワニス層をB3にした以外は比較例2と同じようにして実施した。評価結果などを表10に示す。
ワニス層をC3にした以外は比較例2と同じようにして実施した。評価結果などを表10に示す。
ワニス層をD3にした以外は比較例2と同じようにして実施した。評価結果などを表10に示す。
ワニス層をEにした以外は比較例2と同じようにして実施した。評価結果などを表10に示す。
ワニス層をFにした以外は比較例2と同じようにして実施した。評価結果などを表10に示す。
ワニス層をGにした以外は比較例2と同じようにして実施した。評価結果などを表10に示す。
支持体にカップリング剤処理を施さないこと以外は、実施例1,3,4と同様にして、比較用の支持体付きポリイミド積層体を得た。得られた支持体付きポリイミド積層体の評価結果を表11に示す。なお、表中「測定不能」は、処理ないし測定途中でポリイミドフィルムが剥がれてしまった場合をさす。支持基材とフィルムが強接着しないために、表に示す以上の評価は困難であった。
UV照射処理を行わないこと以外は、実施例1,3,4と同様にして、比較用の支持体付きポリイミド積層体を得た。得られた支持体付きポリイミド積層体の評価結果を表12に示す。この支持体付きポリイミド積層体について、ポリイミドフィルムに切り込みを入れ、該フィルムを支持体から剥がそうとしたが、上手く剥がすことができず、無理に剥がそうとしたらフィルムが破れてしまった。
アルカリ処理として、無機アルカリKOHによる表面処理を行ったこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして実施した。評価結果などを表13に示す。無機アルカリ処理では接着力の維持は困難であった。
<デバイス作製例>
実施例1~8および比較例1~8で得られた各支持体付きポリイミド積層体を。開口部を有するステンレス製の枠を被せてスパッタリング装置内の基板ホルダーと積層体の支持体とを密着するように固定して、基板ホルダー内に冷媒を流すことによって、支持体付きポリイミド積層体のワニス面の温度を設定できるようにし、支持体付きポリイミド積層体のワニス面の温度を2℃に設定した。まず、支持体付きポリイミド積層体表面上にSiONをスパッタ処理によって積層した。スパッタ処理条件は、周波数13.56MHz、出力200W、ガス圧1×10-3
TORRの条件とし、処理時の温度は2℃、処理時間は2分間とした。次いで、周波数13.56MHz、出力450W、ガス圧3×10-3Torrの条件で、アルメル合金、クロメル合金のターゲットを用いて、アルゴン雰囲気下にてDCマグネトロンスパッタリング法により、1nm/秒のレートで厚さ150nmのメタルマスクでパターン化したアルメル薄膜、クロメル薄膜を順番に交差が出来るように形成した。その上に、電極取り出し分を除いてガスバリア層を堆積させて支持体付きデバイス付きポリイミド積層体として薄膜での熱電対を作製した。
本発明の積層体は、極小薄の樹脂上の微細回路基板や、デバイス構造体などを製造する過程に有効に使用でき、金属化などの温度の上がる行程に耐え得る耐熱性のある積層体であり、その後のパターン作成においても寸法変化が小さい為、誤差の小さな回路パターンを得ることが出来る。さらに必要に応じてこの無機基板を剥がすこともスムースにでき、極薄の絶縁性、耐熱性、寸法安定性に優れた樹脂フィルム上に、精度よく回路やデバイス形成ができ、それ故に、微細回路板、センサーなどのデバイス製造に有効である。
1:ガラス基板
2:カップリング剤層
3:UV光遮断マスク
4:カップリング剤層UV光未照射部
5:カップリング剤層UV光照射部
6:ポリイミドフィルム
7:カップリング剤層UV光照射部上のポリイミドフィルム
8:ワニス層
9:カップリング剤層UV光照射部上のワニス層
10:カップリング剤層UV光照射部上のポリイミド積層体
(図2)
1:ガラス基板
2:カップリング剤層
3:UV光遮断マスク
4:カップリング剤層UV光未照射部
5:カップリング剤層UV光照射部
6:ポリイミドフィルム
7:カップリング剤層UV光照射部上のポリイミドフィルム
8:ワニス層
9:カップリング剤層UV光照射部上のワニス層
10:デバイス
11:デバイス付きポリイミド積層体
(図3)
1:ポリイミドフィルム
2:エポキシ樹脂層
3:ワニス層
Claims (13)
- 少なくとも支持体とポリイミド積層体とから構成されてなる支持体付きポリイミド積層体の製造方法であって、
前記ポリイミド積層体は、少なくとも3層構造を有しており滑剤を含有する層を1層以上有し、両表層が滑剤を有していない積層体であって、
前記支持体に対向させる面に表面処理が施されたポリイミドフィルムを用い、前記支持体と前記ポリイミドフィルムとが対向する面の少なくとも一方に、カップリング剤を用いて、接着剥離強度が異なる良好接着部分と易剥離部分とを形成するパターン化処理を施し、その後、前記支持体と前記ポリイミドフィルムとを重ね合わせて加圧加熱処理することとし、前記ポリイミドフィルムは前記加熱加圧処理により支持体と貼りあわせた後に有機アルカリ処理を行い、次いで滑剤成分を含まないポリアミック酸溶液(A)を塗布後乾燥してイミド化することを特徴とする支持体付きポリイミド積層体の製造方法。 - 前記ポリアミック酸溶液(A)が芳香族テトラカルボン酸類とベンゾオキサゾール構造(骨格)を有する芳香族ジアミン類との反応によって得られるポリアミック酸溶液からなることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の支持体付きポリイミド積層体の製造方法。
- 前記ポリアミック酸溶液(A)が3,3',4,4'-ビフェニルテトラカルボン酸二無水物と芳香族ジアミン類との反応によって得られるポリアミック酸溶液からなることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の支持体付きポリイミド積層体の製造方法。
- 前記パターン化処理は、カップリング剤処理を施してカップリング処理層を形成し、次いでカップリング処理層の一部に不活性化処理を施して所定のパターンを形成することにより行う、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の支持体付きポリイミド積層体の製造方法。
- 前記不活性化処理として、ブラスト処理、真空プラズマ処理、大気圧プラズマ処理、コロナ処理、活性放射線照射処理、活性ガス処理、UV照射処理、オゾン処理および薬液処理からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種を行う請求項4に記載の支持体付きポリイミド積層体の製造方法。
- 前記不活性化処理として、少なくともUV照射処理を行う請求項5に記載の支持体付きポリイミド積層体の製造方法。
- 前記ポリイミドフィルムとして、ベンゾオキサゾール構造を有する芳香族ジアミン類とテトラカルボン酸類との反応によって得られるフィルムを用いる請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の支持体付きポリイミド積層体の製造方法。
- 支持体とポリイミド積層体とがカップリング処理層を介して積層されてなる支持体付きポリイミド積層体であって、前記支持体と前記ポリイミド積層体との間の剥離強度が異なる良好接着部分と易剥離部分とを有しており、該良好接着部分と該易剥離部分とが所定のパターンを形成しており、かつ、前記ポリイミド積層体は、少なくとも3層構造を有しており滑剤を含有する層を1層以上有し、両表層が滑剤を有していない積層体であることを特徴とする支持体付きポリイミド積層体。
- 前記請求項8記載の支持体付きポリイミド積層体であって、前期積層体の滑剤を有していない最表層と滑剤を含有する層との間に界面を有することを特徴とする支持体付きポリイミド積層体。
- 前記易剥離部分における支持体とポリイミド積層体との間の180度剥離強度が、前記良好接着部分における支持体とポリイミド積層体との間の180度剥離強度の1/2以下である請求項8に記載の支持体付きポリイミド積層体。
- 前記請求項8から10記載の積層体上にデバイスが形成されてなる支持体付きポリイミド積層体の製造方法であって、前期積層体の易剥離部分のポリイミド積層体表面にデバイスを作成してから易剥離部分のポリイミド積層体に切り込みを入れて該ポリイミド積層体を前記支持体から剥離することを特徴とするデバイス付きポリイミド積層体の製造方法。
- 前記請求項8から10記載の積層体上にデバイスが形成されてなる支持体付きポリイミド積層体であって、前期積層体の易剥離部分のポリイミド積層体表面にデバイスを作成してから易剥離部分のポリイミド積層体に切り込みを入れて該ポリイミド積層体を前記支持体から剥離することを特徴とするデバイス付きポリイミド積層体。
- 前記積層体上にデバイスが形成されてなる支持体付きポリイミド積層体であって、前期積層体の滑剤を有していない最表層と滑剤を含有する層との間に界面を有することを特徴とするデバイス付きポリイミド積層体。
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Also Published As
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JP6217631B2 (ja) | 2017-10-25 |
EP2865523B1 (en) | 2018-06-06 |
EP2865523A1 (en) | 2015-04-29 |
KR102034762B1 (ko) | 2019-10-21 |
EP2865523A4 (en) | 2016-03-02 |
JPWO2013191052A1 (ja) | 2016-05-26 |
CN104395080B (zh) | 2016-08-17 |
US9895868B2 (en) | 2018-02-20 |
US20150125665A1 (en) | 2015-05-07 |
KR20150023046A (ko) | 2015-03-04 |
TW201412551A (zh) | 2014-04-01 |
TWI589450B (zh) | 2017-07-01 |
CN104395080A (zh) | 2015-03-04 |
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