WO2013110512A1

WO2013110512A1 - Polyether-ester polyols and method for producing same

Info

Publication number: WO2013110512A1
Application number: PCT/EP2013/050532
Authority: WO
Inventors: Andreas Kunst; Berend Eling; Christian König
Original assignee: Basf Se; Basf Schweiz Ag
Priority date: 2012-01-23
Filing date: 2013-01-14
Publication date: 2013-08-01
Also published as: JP2015506401A; EP2807199B1; BR112014017241A2; HUE031526T2; ES2612313T3; EP2617748A1; EP2807199A1; KR102085347B1; KR20140127248A; CN104066759B; CN104066759A; RU2014134384A; SG11201404343VA; BR112014017241A8; MX2014007723A

Abstract

The invention relates to novel polyether-ester polyols and to a method for producing same.

Description

Polyetherester polyols and process for their preparation

Description The present invention relates to novel polyetherester polyols and to a process for their preparation.

Polyetherester polyols are those polyol types in which both polyether units and polyester units are present in a molecular chain. They are used, inter alia, as a raw material for the production of polyurethane materials. In principle, various processes are known for obtaining polyetherester polyols. Some relevant documents are quoted below:

No. 6,753,402 describes the catalytic addition of alkylene oxides to polyesters using DMC catalysts.

No. 5,319,006, US Pat. No. 5,436,313 and US Pat. No. 5,696,225 describe the polycondensation of polyethers with dicarboxylic acids or dicarboxylic anhydrides using polycondensation catalysts.

No. 6,569,352 describes a two-stage process in which first polyols are reacted with cyclic anhydrides and, in a further step, the addition of the alkylene oxides takes place. The documents US 20070265367, US 5 032 671 and Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Volume 2007, Issue 103, page 417-424 describes the direct copolymerization of cyclic anhydrides or cyclic esters with alkylene oxide and alcohols as initiators. US 2006021 1830 describes a two-stage process in which first a hydroxy-group-containing carboxylic acid ester is reacted with alkylene oxide. The reaction product is then condensed in the presence of a transesterification catalyst.

EP 1 923 417 B1 describes the reaction of H-functional compounds with alkylene oxides in the presence of fatty acid esters with the aid of basic catalysts. In this process, the process is simultaneously alkoxylated and transesterified, so that it is said that homogeneous polyether esters result.

Although the use of fatty acid esters or carboxylic acids or carboxylic acid esters or carboxylic anhydrides as raw material for the production of polyetherester polyols in the above-cited documents has been described, but none of the documents describes that in the case of the base-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization of alkylene oxides in addition to fatty acid esters more ester or to use acid anhydride-functional molecules. However, this allows access to novel polyetherester structures, which can be determined by the choice of functional molecules can be further modified and adapted to the respective fields of application, for example in polyurethane.

Hydrophobic properties are desired in many applications, for example polyurethanes, which can be prepared from polyols, such as polyetherester polyols. These usually lead to a reduced water absorption and an improved hydrolysis resistance, ie to an improved aging behavior of the polyurethane. In addition, hydrophobically modified polyurethanes may have a modified surface structure, which is z. B. in an improved skid resistance or in a pleasant feeling when touching (improved feel) can express. A clear advantage is a reduced water absorption in coatings, adhesives, gaskets and elastomers (generally in "CASE" applications - coatings, adhesives, sealants, elastomer applications) .In these applications, the maximum water absorption of the polyurethane is often determined under certain test conditions It is known that polyurethanes with lower water absorption in these applications generally have improved properties Hydrophobic polyols are desirable in hydrocarbons-driven polyurethane rigid foam formulations because they increase the compatibility between the polyol component, the blowing agent and the Improve isocyanate component, which results even with a relatively high proportion of aliphatic or cycloaliphatic propellants (n-pentane or cyclopentane) homogeneous polyol components.

However, the existing literature in the field of preparation of polyetheresterpolyols, as embodied in the above-mentioned documents, for example, does not provide a satisfactory solution to the problem of how polyetheresterpolyols with hydrophobic properties can be prepared for a wide range of applications. In addition, the previously known methods for the preparation of polyether ester polyols usually require a high energy input and are often very expensive, eg. B. because in the reaction resulting water must be removed (stripping). It was therefore the object of providing an easy to carry out, as energy-efficient method for the production of polyetherester polyols having hydrophobic properties for a wide range of applications. The process should provide highly uniform and homogeneous polyetherester polyols, which should be suitable for polyurethane (PU) applications. It should be possible to use low-cost raw materials.

The invention thus provides a process for preparing a polyetherester polyol, wherein a mixture (A) of at least one Zerewitinoff active compound i), at least one compound ii) selected from the group consisting of cyclic anhydrides of dicarboxylic acids, at least one Fatty acid iiia) and / or ester iiib) and optionally at least one compound iv) selected from the group comprising cyclic mono- and diesters, with the aid of a nucleophilic and / or basic catalyst with at least one alkylene oxide v) is reacted. Further objects of the present invention are also a polyetherester polyol preparable by the process according to the invention, and the use of a polyetherester polyol preparable by the process according to the invention for producing foamed and / or compact polyurethanes by reaction with a di- or polyisocyanate, such as the use of a polyetherester polyol preparable by the process according to the invention for the preparation of polyisocyanurate foams, and the use of a producible by the novel polyetherester polyol for the production of compact polyurethanes in the field of coatings or adhesives. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the mixture (A) is introduced together with the nucleophilic and / or basic catalyst prior to the addition of the at least one alkylene oxide iv) in the reaction vessel.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the Zerewitinoff-active compound i) is selected from the group of hydroxy- and / or amino-functional compounds having a functionality in the range between 1 and 8.

In a further preferred embodiment, the Zerewitinoff-active compound i) is selected from the group of customarily used polyalcohols or mono- and polyamines having functionalities in the range from 2 to 8 or their reaction products with alkylene oxides such as propylene oxide or ethylene oxide and mixtures thereof. As examples may be mentioned at this point water, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, 1, 2-butanediol, 1, 3-butanediol, 1, 4-butanediol, hexanediol, pentanediol, 3-methyl-1, 5-pentanediol, 1, 12-dodecanediol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, triethanolamine, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, sucrose, hydroquinone, pyrocatechol, resorcinol, bisphenol A, bisphenol F, 1, 3,5-trihydroxybenzene, condensation products of formaldehyde with phenol or melamine or urea, the methylol groups urea, biuret, Mannich bases, starch or starch derivatives, ammonia, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, isopropanolamine, diisopropanolamine, triisopropanolamine, ethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, aniline, all isomers of diaminobenzene, diaminotoluene and diaminodiphenylmethane.

Preferably, the Zerewitinoff-active compound is selected from the group comprising glycerol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane, sucrose, sorbitol, pentaerythritol and bisphenol A, and mixtures thereof.

In one embodiment of the process according to the invention, the cyclic anhydride ii) is a dicarboxylic acid selected from the group comprising a) alkenylsuccinic anhydrides, b) phthalic anhydride, c) maleic anhydride, d) succinic anhydride and e) tetrahydrophthalic anhydride and mixtures thereof.

The alkenyl succinic anhydrides a) are preferably selected from the group of the C 12 -C 20 -alkyl chain-substituted succinic anhydrides and the poly (isobutylene) succinic anhydrides having a molecular weight between 500 and 2000 g / mol. The at least one AI kenylsuccinic anhydride a) in one embodiment of the process according to the invention is preferably selected from the group comprising C18- and / or C16-alkenylsuccinic anhydrides, poly (isobutylene) succinic anhydride and mixtures thereof. The cyclic anhydride ii) of a dicarboxylic acid may in one embodiment also be itaconic acid.

In one embodiment of the process according to the invention, the at least one alkylene oxide v) is selected from the group consisting of propylene oxide, ethylene oxide, 1,2-butylene oxide, 2,3-butylene oxide, 1,2-pentenoxide, octene-1-oxide, decene 1-oxide, dodecene-1-oxide, tetradecene-1-oxide, hexadecene-1-oxide, octadecene-1-oxide, styrene oxide, cyclohexene oxide, epoxypropylneododecanoate, glycidol, epichlorohydrin and mixtures thereof.

Preferably, the alkylene oxide v) is selected from the group 1, 2-butylene oxide, propylene oxide, ethylene oxide.

In one embodiment of the process according to the invention, the fatty acid iiia) is selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl-containing fatty acids, hydroxyl-modified fatty acids and fatty acids which contain no hydroxyl groups, and mixtures thereof.

In a further embodiment of the process according to the invention, the fatty acid iiia) is selected from the group comprising saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, and also mixtures thereof. The fatty acid iiia) is selected in a further embodiment from the group comprising saturated, monounsaturated, diunsaturated and triunsaturated fatty acids, non-hydroxy-containing fatty acids, hydroxyl-containing fatty acids and hydroxyl-modified fatty acids. The fatty acid iiia) is preferably selected from the group comprising butyric, caproic, caprylic, capric, lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, ricinoleic, linoleic, linolenic, arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic, docosahexaenoic, hydroxy group modified oleic, hydro- xygroup modified linoleic acid, hydroxy group modified linolenic acid and hydroxy group modified ricinoleic acid. The term "fatty acid ester" within the meaning of component iiib) of the present invention refers to mono-, di-, triesters or polyesters of fatty acids, the said triesters of fatty acids are also called triglycerides Triglycerides are major constituents of natural fats or oils For the purposes of the invention, the polyesters of fatty acids are polyhydric alcohols esterified with fatty acids.

Thus, the fatty acid ester iiib) is selected from the group consisting of fatty acid triglycerides, fatty acid alkyl esters with and without hydroxy functionalities. In one embodiment, the fatty acid ester iiib) is selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl-containing fatty acid esters, hydroxyl-modified fatty acid esters and fatty acid esters containing no hydroxyl groups, and mixtures thereof. As hydroxyl-containing fatty acid esters, it is possible to use, for example, ricinoleic acid esters or mono- or poly-fatty acid esters of polyhydric alcohols, for example of oligosaccharides or polysaccharides.

In one embodiment of the invention, the fatty acid ester iiib) is selected from the group comprising cocoa butter, coconut oil, cottonseed oil, peanut oil, hazelnut oil, walnut oil, linseed oil, safflower oil, seafood fat (lard), lard, beef tallow, goose fat, butterfat, castor oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, Olive oil, sunflower oil, palm oil, grapeseed oil, black caraway oil, pumpkin seed oil, corn oil, wheat germ oil, almond oil, pistachio oil, apricot kernel oil, macadamia nut oil, avocado oil, sea buckthorn oil, sesame oil, hemp oil, primrose oil, wild rose oil, hydroxyl group-modified soybean oil, hydroxyl group-modified rapeseed oil, hydroxyl-modified olive oil, hydroxyl group-modified sunflower oil and derivatized castor oil.

In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid ester iiib) is selected from the group comprising tran, tallow, castor oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, olive oil, sunflower oil, hydroxyl group-modified soybean oil, hydroxyl-modified rapeseed oil, hydroxyl-modified olive oil, hydroxyl-modified sunflower oil and derivatized castor oil, palm oil, hydroxyl-modified palm oil, and mixtures thereof

In one embodiment, the fatty acid ester iiib) is preferably selected from the group of ruby oil, soybean oil, palm oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, hydroxyl-modified oils, unsaturated and / or saturated C 4 -C 22 -fatty acid alkyl esters, for example stearic acid alkyl esters, oleic acid alkyl esters, linoleic acid alkyl esters, Linolenic acid alkyl esters, Rizinolsäurealkylester or mixtures thereof. Very particular preference is given to the fatty acid ester iiib) selected from the group castor oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, palm oil hydroxyl-modified soybean oil, hydroxyl-modified sunflower oil, hydroxyl-modified palm oil, hydroxyl-modified rapeseed oil and methyl and / or ethyl esters preferably mentioned fatty acid esters.

The introduction of the hydroxyl groups in the hydroxyl-modified oils or the hydroxyl-modified fatty acids can be carried out by the well-known methods, such as, for example, via hydroformylation / hydrogenation or epoxidation / ring opening or ozonolysis, direct oxidation, nitrous oxide oxidation / reduction.

In one embodiment of the process according to the invention, the compound iv) is absent.

In a further embodiment of the process according to the invention, at least one compound iv) is present. In this case, the compound iv) is preferably selected from the group comprising γ-butyrolactone, δ-valerolactone, ε-caprolactone, (R, R) -lactide, (S, S) -lactide, meso-lactide, and mixtures thereof; Particularly preferred as compound iv) ε-caprolactone. The basic and / or nucleophilic catalyst can be selected from the group of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxides, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal alkoxides, tertiary amines, N-heterocyclic carbenes.

Preferably, the basic and / or nucleophilic catalyst is selected from the group containing tertiary amines.

The basic and / or nucleophilic catalyst is particularly preferably selected from the group comprising imidazole and imidazole derivatives, very particularly preferably imidazole. In another preferred embodiment, the basic and / or nucleophilic catalyst is selected from the group consisting of N-heterocyclic carbenes, more preferably from the group containing N-heterocyclic carbenes based on N-alkyl- and N-aryl-substituted imidazolylidenes. In a preferred embodiment, the basic and / or nucleophilic catalyst is selected from the group comprising trimethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine, tributylamine, N, N'-dimethylethanolamine, Ν, Ν'-dimethylcyclohexylamine, dimethylethylamine, dimethylbutylamine, Ν, Ν'- Dimethylaniline, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, Ν, Ν'-dimethylbenzylamine, pyridine, imidazole, N-methylimidazole, 2-methylimidazole, 4-methylimidazole, 5-methylimidazole, 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole, 2,4-dimethylimidazole, 1 -Hydroxypropylimidazole, 2,4,5-trimethylimidazole, 2-ethylimidazole, 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole, N-phenylimidazole, 2-phenylimidazole, 4-phenylimidazole, guanidine, alkylated guanidines, 1, 1, 3,3- Tetramethylguanidine, 7-methyl-1, 5,7-triazabicyclo [4.4.0] dec-5-ene, 1, 5-diazobicylco [4.3.0] non-5-ene, 1, 5-diazabicyclo [5.4.0 ] undec-7-ene, preferably imidazole and dimethylethanolamine (DMEOA).

The catalysts mentioned can be used alone or in any desired mixtures with one another.

The process for the preparation of the polyetherester polyols is preferably carried out so that the Zerewitinoff-active compound is introduced together with the dicarboxylic anhydride ii) and the fatty acid iiia) and / or the fatty acid ester iiib) and the basic catalyst in a reactor and the alkylene oxide continuously is metered into the reactor. In a further embodiment of the invention, the Zerewitinoff-active compound i) and / or the dicarboxylic anhydride ii) and / or the fatty acid ester iiib) and / or the fatty acid iiia) are likewise metered into the reactor together with the alkylene oxide continuously. In a further embodiment, all components are added simultaneously or sequentially during the synthesis and the reaction product is taken off continuously, so that the entire process can be carried out fully continuously. The reaction with alkylene oxide is usually carried out at temperatures in the range between 80 and 200 ° C, preferably between 100 ° C and 160 ° C, more preferably between 1 10 ° C and 140 ° C.

When tertiary amines and / or N-heterocyclic carbenes are used as catalysts for the reaction with alkylene oxides, the catalyst concentration based on the mass of the final product is between 50-5000 ppm, preferably between 100 and 1000 ppm, and the catalyst does not have to be after the reaction be removed from the reaction product.

In a preferred embodiment, the Zerewitinoff active compound i) is selected from the group trimethylolpropane, glycerol, neopentyl glycol, bisphenol A and the cyclic anhydride of a carboxylic acid ii) is selected from the group of C18 and / or C16 alkenylsuccinic anhydrides and Fatty acid ester iiib) is selected from the group of castor oil, soybean oil, palm oil and the alkylene oxide v) is propylene oxide and the basic and / or nucleophilic catalyst is selected from the group dimethylethanolamine (DMEOA) and imidazole.

In a further preferred embodiment, the Zerewitinoff-active compound i) is selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, glycerol and trimethylolpropane and the cyclic anhydride of a carboxylic acid ii) is phthalic anhydride and the fatty acid iiia) is selected from the group Oleic acid, stearic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid or mixtures thereof and the fatty acid ester iiib) is selected from the group of castor oil, soybean oil, palm oil and tallow and the alkylene oxide v) is propylene oxide or ethylene oxide or mixtures thereof and the basic and / or nucleophilic catalyst is selected from the group dimethylethanolamine (DMEOA) and imidazole.

The polyetherester polyols according to the invention are prepared by means of ring-opening polymerization of alkylene oxides. They are telechelics and have a well-defined molecular weight and functionality. The functionality is generally in the range between 1 -8, preferably between 2-6, more preferably between 2-4, with OH numbers in the range between 20 and 1000 mg KOH / g, preferably between 20 and 800 mg KOH / g, more preferably between 100 and 600 mg KOH / g.

Depending on the intended use, the polyetherester polyols according to the invention preferably contain between 5% by mass and 90% by mass of units derived from fatty acids iiia) and / or fatty acid esters iiib), preferably from 5 to 80% by mass.

Depending on their intended use, the polyetherester polyols according to the invention preferably contain between 5% by mass and 80% by mass of units derived from compound ii).

In addition to the ring-opening polymerization, the basic and / or nucleophilic catalysts used can additionally catalyze the transesterification of the anhydride-functional molecules, resulting in uniform reaction products. The product features are no longer strongly influenced by process parameters and the products are easier to reproduce.

An advantage of the method according to the invention is that even such compounds can be converted into a homogeneous reaction product which is distinguished by a very large difference in polarity and is thus incompatible with one another in pure form. Reaction with alkylene oxide compats the incompatible molecules and results in homogeneous reaction products that include both polyether units and polyester units. In the case of base-catalyzed alkoxylation, this is presumably also attributable, as already mentioned, to the fact that in addition to the ring-opening polymerization, transesterification reactions take place at the same time, which ensures the homogeneous distribution of the ester-bearing molecular chains with the etho-bearing molecular chains.

In addition, the process according to the invention has the advantage that it can be carried out at lower temperatures than comparable classical processes (and thus saves energy), and that it is both more time-efficient and gives a higher yield.

The possibility of using the polyethesterols according to the invention for polyurethane (PU) components is very diverse. They can be used, for example, in foamed or in compact PU materials, for example in packaging foams, flexible foams, rigid foams, semi-rigid foams, carpet foams, integral foams, shoe soles, vehicle bumpers and other automotive exterior parts, artificial leather, coatings, adhesives, sealing materials or in elastomers. In the hydroxy range in which the polyols of the invention can be made, these polyols, when used in the polyurethane system as the major polyol, are more suitable for harder polyurethanes, such as rigid foam, coatings, adhesives and sealants. Rigid foams, as mentioned above, may be polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams. The polyols of the invention have additional advantages when alkanes, e.g. Pentane, used as blowing agent; the incorporation of hydrophobic oil-based side chains through the use of triglycerides and anhydrides containing a hydrophobic side chain increases the pentane compatibility of the system. Also, aromatic structures, e.g. by the use of phthalic anhydride, which is the fire resistance of the

Foam increases.

The ester groups introduced into the polyols by using the triglycerides and anhydrides in the synthesis will also additionally increase the resistance to fire. Thus, the polyols of the invention are particularly well suited for rigid foam applications. In the field of coatings, adhesives and sealants, the incorporation of hydrophobic oil-based side chains and anhydrides containing a hydrophobic side chain leads to increased hydrophobicity. The increased hydrophobicity has advantages in both the production and the properties of the polyurethane. In the preparation of the polyurethane in the above applications, a long (open) processing time may be desired. An increased hydrophobicity of the polyurethane mixture reduces the uptake of moisture during the reaction, which gives the system a longer pot life and reduces blistering. In the final properties of the reacted polyurethane increased hydrophobicity leads to increased water repellency. Thus, the uptake of water can reduce the hardness of the polyurethane and the bonding of the polyurethane to substrates. In electronic component jackets, a lower water absorption polyurethane is also desirable because the uptake of water leads to an increase in the dielectric constant and a decrease in the volume resistivity. Also, hydrophobic polyurethanes are less susceptible to hydrolysis and, as a result, the properties of the polyurethane are retained longer.

The polyols according to the invention can be used for the preparation of prepolymers by reaction with diisocyanates. Thus, in addition to the direct use in the polyol component of the formulations, the polyols of the invention may also be used in the form of a prepolymer for the preparation of polyurethane materials. It should be noted in this regard that the prepolymer content in the prepolymer-polyol mixture can be between 10% to 90%. These prepolymer-polyol mixtures are used, for example, when the polyols of the invention in so-called one-component moisture-curing systems such. B. for coating, adhesive and sealing materials.

Depending on which ingredients are used, products can be produced for a wide variety of applications. If, for example, polyols are to be provided for polyurethane coatings or for rigid polyurethane foams, preference is given to using, as component ii), an alkenylsuccinic anhydride and, as component iiib), a fatty acid triglyceride, such as castor oil.

For polyisocyanurate rigid polyurethane foams, component ii) is preferably phthalic anhydride and component iiib), preferably soya oil or oleic acid methyl ester.

The polyetherester polyols prepared by the process according to the invention can provide the abovementioned advantages of hydrophobic polyols in the polyurethane owing to the hydrophobic components which can be incorporated into the product either via the fatty acid ester iiib) or via the anhydride component ii). As already mentioned by way of example, by selecting the type and amount of components i), ii), iii), iv) and v), the properties can be adjusted to different fields of application. Examples

The following examples illustrate some aspects of the present invention; they are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

Example polyetherester polyol A

405.5 g of trimethylolpropane, 3379.4 g of castor oil, 495.4 g of phthalic anhydride and 1, 5 g of imidazole were placed in a pressure autoclave and inertized with nitrogen three times with stirring. Subsequently, the reaction mixture was heated to 120 ° C and 722.5 g of propylene oxide added within 120 minutes. After completion of monomer metering and after reaching a constant reactor pressure volatiles were then distilled off in vacuo for about 30 minutes under nitrogen stripping and then drained the product. This gave 4855 g of a viscous, single-phase polyetheresterol. The product had the following analytical characteristics:

Hydroxyl value: 210 mgKOH / g (DIN 53240)

Viscosity (at 25 ° C): 2070 mPas (DIN 51550)

Water content: 0.007% (DIN 51777)

Acid number: <0.01 mg KOH / g (DIN 53402)

Example polyetherester polyol B

449.9 g of trimethylolpropane, 3752.5 g of castor oil, 509.9 g of Pentasize 68 (C16 / C18 alkenylsuccinic anhydride Trigon GmbH) and 1, 5 g of imidazole were placed in a pressure autoclave and rendered inert with nitrogen three times with stirring. Subsequently, the reaction mixture was heated to 120 ° C and added 290 g of propylene oxide within 60 minutes. After completion of monomer metering and after reaching a constant reactor pressure volatiles were then distilled off in vacuo for about 30 minutes under nitrogen stripping and then drained the product. This gave 4951 g of a viscous, single-phase polyetheresterol. The product had the following analytical characteristics:

Hydroxyl value: 234 mg KOH / g (DIN 53240)

Viscosity (at 25 ° C): 1348 mPas (DIN 51550)

Water content: 0.014% (DIN 51777)

Acid number: <0.054 mg KOH / g (DIN 53402)

Example polyetherester polyol C

449.6 g of trimethylolpropane, 3746.3 g of castor oil, 250.0 g of glissopal SA (poly (isobutylene) succinic anhydride with molecular weight 1000 g / mol from BASF SE) and 1.5 g of imidazole were introduced into a pressure autoclave and rendered inert with nitrogen three times with stirring. Subsequently, the reaction mixture was heated to 120 ° C and 799.2 g of propylene oxide added within 120 minutes. After completion of monomer metering and after reaching a constant reactor pressure volatiles were then in vacuo for about 30 Distilled off under nitrogen stripping for minutes and then drained the product. This gave 4928.4 g of a viscous, homogeneous, slightly cloudy polyetheresterol. The product had the following analytical characteristics:

Hydroxyl value: 225 mgKOH / g (DIN 53240)

Viscosity (at 25 ° C): 1071 mPas (DIN 51550)

Water content: 0.014% (DIN 51777)

Acid value: 0.01 mg KOH / g (DIN 53402) Example polyetherester polyol D

449.6 g of trimethylolpropane, 3746.3 g of castor oil, 250.1 g of Pentasize 8 (C16 / C18 alkenyl succinic anhydride Trigon GmbH) and 1, 53 g of imidazole and 0.053 g of Ti (IV) tert-butoxide were placed in a pressure autoclave submitted and rendered inert with nitrogen three times with stirring. Subsequently, the reaction mixture was heated to 120 ° C and 801, 1 g of propylene oxide added within 120 minutes. After completion of monomer metering and after reaching a constant reactor pressure volatiles were then distilled off in vacuo for about 30 minutes under nitrogen stripping and then drained the product. 5140 g of a viscous, single-phase polyetheresterol were thus obtained. The product had the following analytical characteristics:

Hydroxyl value: 225 mgKOH / g (DIN 53240)

Viscosity (at 25 ° C): 1031 mPas (DIN 51550)

Water content: 0.01% (DIN 51777)

Acid number: 0.01 mg KOH / g (DIN 53402)

Example polyetherester polyol E

1390.2 g of dipropylene glycol, 1751, 8 g of phthalic anhydride, 1004.2 g of soybean oil and 1, 53 g of imidazole were placed in a pressure autoclave and rendered inert with nitrogen three times with stirring. Subsequently, the reaction mixture was heated to 120 ° C and 855.8 g of ethylene oxide added within 120 minutes. After completion of monomer metering and after reaching a constant reactor pressure volatiles were then distilled off in vacuo for about 30 minutes under nitrogen stripping and then drained the product. 4914 g of a viscous, single-phase polyetheresterol were obtained. The product had the following analytical characteristics:

Hydroxyl value: 241.3 gKOH / g (DIN 53240)

Viscosity (at 25 ° C): 1724 mPas (DIN 51550)

Water content: 0.036% (DIN 51777)

Acid number: 0.01 mg KOH / g (DIN 53402)

Example polyetherester polyol F

1 101, 0 g of diethylene glycol, 1749.5 g of phthalic anhydride, 1000.2 g of soybean oil and 1, 5 g of imidazole were placed in a pressure autoclave and rendered inert with nitrogen three times with stirring. Subsequently, the reaction mixture was heated to 120 ° C and 1 150.6 g of propylene oxide added within 180 minutes. After completion of monomer metering and after reaching a constant reactor pressure volatiles were then distilled off in vacuo for about 30 minutes under nitrogen stripping and then drained the product. 4940 g of a viscous, single-phase polyetheresterol were obtained. The product had the following analytical characteristics:

Hydroxyl value: 238 mg KOH / g (DIN 53240)

Viscosity (at 25 ° C): 1784 mPas (DIN 51550)

Water content: 0.016% (DIN 51777)

Acid number: 0.01 mg KOH / g (DIN 53402)

Example polyetherester polyol G

1 108.9 g of sucrose, 336.3 g of glycerol, 233.9 g of castor oil, 19.06 g of water, 100 g of Pentasize 68 (C16 / C18-alkenylsuccinic anhydride Trigon GmbH) and 5.0 g of imidazole were placed in a pressure autoclave submitted and rendered inert with nitrogen three times with stirring. Subsequently, the reaction mixture was heated to 130 ° C and added 3306.3 g of propylene oxide within 7 hours. After completion of monomer metering and after reaching a constant reactor pressure volatiles were then distilled off in vacuo for about 30 minutes under nitrogen stripping and then drained the product. There were thus obtained 5014 g of a viscous, single-phase polyetheresterol. The product had the following analytical characteristics:

Hydroxyl value: 414 mg KOH / g (DIN 53240)

Viscosity (at 25 ° C): 14206 (DIN 51550)

Water content: 0.022% (DIN 51777)

Acid number: 0.04 mg KOH / g (DIN 53402)

From these examples, it is clear that the polyetherester polyols according to the invention are obtainable by a simple process and the process leads to uniform and homogeneous NEN reaction products for a wide range of applications.

Application Examples 1-2: Coating Applications.

Antifoam MSA defoamer from Dow Corning

Jeffcat TD-33 A triethylenediamine in dipropylene glycol with an OH number: 560 mg KOH / g from Huntsman

Zeolitpaste molecular sieve in castor oil from Uop

Isocyanate polymer-MDI (Lupranat ^®) M20S, BASF SE

Plate production for mechanical testing The reaction components and additives are stored and processed at room temperature. The polyol component (Component A, see tables) is prepared and mixed for two minutes in a Speed Mixer ^®. Then this is left for at least 30 minutes. The amount of isocyanate added is calculated so that the isocyanate index is 1 15.9. The A component is mixed with the isocyanate for 60 seconds in a SpeedMixer ^®. The mixture is poured into an open mold measuring 30 × 20 × 0.2 cm ³ and drawn smooth. The resulting plate remains in the mold for one hour before being removed. Subsequently, the plates are annealed for two hours at 80 ° C. The next day suitable test specimens are taken to determine the mechanical properties.

Swelling test:

From the 2 mm plate, a piece measuring 4 x 4 cm ^{2 is} cut out and the mass is determined (m1). The sample is then placed in a 6-liter bucket filled with water, which remains for 5 hours in a heating cabinet heated to 100 ° C. To prevent the samples from being thrown, they are clamped in a metal frame. After the samples have been taken out, slightly dried with pulp and cooled to room temperature, the mass (m2) is determined and from this the degree of swelling in percent is calculated as [(m2-m1) / m1) x 100%)]. The measurement error is less than 0.1%. Differences in the readings of 0.2% are significant.

Application Example 1 and 2

Isocyanate Lupranat M 20 S

Index 115.9

Example 1 2

Zeolite paste parts 6.95 6.95

Antifoam MSA parts 0.05 0.05

Jeffcat TD-33 A parts 0.3 0.25

Polyol C parts 93

Polyol D parts 93

Lupranat M 20 S MV 100 / 60.2 100 / 59.6

2 mm plate determination after

Tear resistance N / mm 59.2 63.5 DIN ISO 34-1, B (b)

Tensile strength MPa 25 26.4 DIN EN ISO 527

Elongation at break% 50 51 DIN EN ISO 527

Modulus of elasticity MPa 467.3 384.4 DIN EN ISO 527

Hardness Shore D 72 71 DIN 53505

Degree of swelling% of plate 0.59 0.58 MV describes the mixing behavior from A to B component.

Application Examples 1 and 2 show that polyurethanes can be made with the inventive polyols with properties typical of coating applications.

Application Example 3-4: Hard foam applications.

TCPP flame retardant (Tri 2-chloroisopropylphosphate)

PEG 600 polyethylene glycol with Mw: 600 g / mol

Tegostab B 8443 stabilizer from GE Bayer Silicones

Texacat ZF 22 bis (2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether in dipropylene glycol with an OH

Number: 250 mg KOH / g from Huntsman.

Dabco K 2097 potassium acetate based catalyst with an OH number: 740 mg

KOH / g of Air Products

n-pentane physical blowing agent of the company Haltermann

tap water

Isocyanate Polymer-MDI (Lupranat®) M20R from BASF SE Foam production for mechanical testing

The base foam system used is a water-partly pentane-driven polyisocyanurate system. A potassium acetate based catalyst is taken for the formation of the isocyanurate groups. The amount of pentane and water are calculated so that the foam had a free-foamed density of about 31 kg / m ³ ; the amount of catalyst is such that the foam has a gel time of about 50 seconds. The reaction components and additives are stored and processed at room temperature. The polyol component is prepared and stirred in the hand batch with a laboratory stirrer. The A components are allowed to stand for half an hour so that most of the air bubbles in the mixture can escape. The amount of isocyanate added is calculated so that the isocyanate index is 225. The A component is stirred with the isocyanate for six seconds in the hand batch with a laboratory stirrer. The mixture is poured into a 1 1 L metal cube mold with a 10 percent overpack packed into the free-foamed density and sealed. After half an hour, the cube foam is removed from the mold. The foam samples are stored for 3 days at room temperature and then sawn into test specimens for mechanical testing. Example 3 4

TCPP parts 13.0 13.0

PEG 600 parts 6.0 6.0

Tegostab B 8443 parts 2,0 2,0

Tap water parts 2.1 2.1

Polyol E parts 78.5

Polyol F parts 78.5

Texacat ZF 22 parts 2.1 2.1

Dabco K 2097 parts 1.6 1.6

n-pentane parts 13.5 13.5

cup test

Start time s 11 11

Thread pulling time s 45 51

Climb s 77 81

Bulk density kg / m ³ 31, 3 32

Cube determination according to DIN standard

Density of core kg / m ³ 30.1 32.5 DIN 53421 / DIN EN ISO 604

Closed cell ^! % 90 87 DIN ISO 4590

Compressive strength N / mm ^A 2 0.21 0.21 DIN 53421 / DIN EN ISO 604

Flexural strength / -sp. N / mm ² 0.27 0.21 DIN 53423

Deflection mm 7,8 9,0 DIN 53423

Dimensional StabiDIN ISO 2796 quality test (-30 ° C)

Length change% -0,2 -0,2

Width change% -0,1 0,1

Height change% 0,0 0,1

Dimensional StabiDIN ISO 2796 quality test (80 C)

Change in length% 0.0 -0.3

Width change% 0.3 -0.9

Altitude change% -0.8 0

Application examples 3 and 4 show that rigid foams with typical rigid foam densities and physical properties can be produced with the inventive polyols.

Claims

claims

A process for preparing a polyetherester polyol, wherein a mixture (A) of at least one Zerewitinoff active compound i), at least one compound ii) selected from the group containing cyclic anhydrides of dicarboxylic acids, at least one fatty acid ester iiib) and optionally at least one compound iv), selected from the group consisting of cyclic mono- and diesters, is reacted with the aid of a nucleophilic and / or basic catalyst with at least one alkylene oxide v), wherein the at least one Zerewitinoff-active compound i) is selected from the group of hydroxy- and / or amino-functional compounds having a functionality in the range between 1 and 8, and wherein the fatty acid ester iiib) is selected from the group consisting of fatty acid esters containing no hydroxyl groups, and mixtures thereof.

A process according to claim 1, wherein the mixture (A) is introduced together with the nucleophilic and / or basic catalyst before the addition of the at least one alkylene oxide v) in the reaction vessel.

A process according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the cyclic anhydride ii) of a dicarboxylic acid is selected from the group comprising a) alkenylsuccinic anhydrides, b) phthalic anhydride, c) maleic anhydride, d) succinic anhydride and e) tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, and mixtures thereof ,

A process according to claim 3 wherein the at least one alkenyl succinic anhydride is a) selected from the group consisting of C 18 and / or C 16 alkenyl succinic anhydrides, poly (isobutylene) succinic anhydride and mixtures thereof.

A process according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the at least one alkylene oxide v) is selected from the group consisting of propylene oxide, ethylene oxide, 1, 2-butylene oxide, 2,3-butylene oxide, 1, 2-pentenoxide, octene-1-oxide, Decene-1-oxide, dodecene-1-oxide, tetradecene-1-oxide, hexadecene-1-oxide, octadecene-1-oxide, styrene oxide, cyclohexene oxide, glycidol, epichlorohydrin and mixtures thereof, preferably propylene oxide, ethylene oxide and butylene oxide and Mixtures thereof.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the fatty acid ester iiib) is selected from the group comprising Tran, tallow, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, olive oil, sunflower oil, and mixtures thereof.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the compound iv) is absent.

A method according to any one of claims to 6, wherein at least one compound iv) is present.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein at least one compound iv) is selected from the group comprising γ-butyrolactone, δ-valerolactone, ε-caprolactone, (R, R) -lactide, (S, S) -lactide, meso-lactide , as well as mixtures thereof. 10. The method according to claim 8, wherein the compound iv) is ε-caprolactone.

1 1. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the nucleophilic and / or basic catalyst is selected from the group comprising tertiary amines. 12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the nucleophilic and / or basic catalyst is selected from the group containing N-heterocyclic carbenes.

13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 1 1, wherein the basic catalyst is selected from the group comprising imidazole and imidazole derivatives, preferably imidazole.

14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the polyetherester polyol has a hydroxyl number in the range between 20 and 1000 mg KOH / g, preferably 100 to 600 mg KOH / g. 15. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the polyetherester polyol contains between 5% and 90% by weight of units derived from fatty acid ester iiib).

A process according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the polyetherester polyol contains between 5% and 80% by weight of units derived from compound ii).

17. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the reaction with alkylene oxide v) takes place at temperatures in the range between 80 ° and 200 ° C.

18. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the method is carried out as a semi-batch process or as a continuous process.

19. Polyetherester polyol producible by the process of one of claims 1 to 18.

20. Use of a polyether-ester polyol, which can be prepared by the process of any one of claims 1 to 18, for the production of foamed and / or compact polyurethanes by reaction with a di- or polyisocyanate.

21. Use of a polyetherester polyol, which can be prepared by the process of one of claims 1 to 18, for the production of polyisocyanurate foams.

22. Use of a polyetherester polyol, which can be prepared by the process of one of claims 1 to 18, for the production of compact polyurethanes in the field of coatings or adhesives.