WO2013046422A1 - バイオマス粉砕装置及びバイオマス・石炭混焼システム - Google Patents
バイオマス粉砕装置及びバイオマス・石炭混焼システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013046422A1 WO2013046422A1 PCT/JP2011/072537 JP2011072537W WO2013046422A1 WO 2013046422 A1 WO2013046422 A1 WO 2013046422A1 JP 2011072537 W JP2011072537 W JP 2011072537W WO 2013046422 A1 WO2013046422 A1 WO 2013046422A1
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- Prior art keywords
- biomass
- roller
- crushing
- grinding
- raw material
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C15/00—Disintegrating by milling members in the form of rollers or balls co-operating with rings or discs
- B02C15/001—Air flow directing means positioned on the periphery of the horizontally rotating milling surface
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K3/00—Feeding or distributing of lump or pulverulent fuel to combustion apparatus
- F23K3/02—Pneumatic feeding arrangements, i.e. by air blast
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C15/00—Disintegrating by milling members in the form of rollers or balls co-operating with rings or discs
- B02C15/007—Mills with rollers pressed against a rotary horizontal disc
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C15/00—Disintegrating by milling members in the form of rollers or balls co-operating with rings or discs
- B02C15/04—Mills with pressed pendularly-mounted rollers, e.g. spring pressed
- B02C15/045—Mills with pressed pendularly-mounted rollers, e.g. spring pressed pressed against the interior of a ring rotating in a vertical plane
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
- B02C23/18—Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy
- B02C23/24—Passing gas through crushing or disintegrating zone
- B02C23/26—Passing gas through crushing or disintegrating zone characterised by point of gas entry or exit or by gas flow path
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/033—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment comminuting or crushing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K1/00—Preparation of lump or pulverulent fuel in readiness for delivery to combustion apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K1/00—Preparation of lump or pulverulent fuel in readiness for delivery to combustion apparatus
- F23K1/04—Heating fuel prior to delivery to combustion apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K3/00—Feeding or distributing of lump or pulverulent fuel to combustion apparatus
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
- F23C2900/01001—Co-combustion of biomass with coal
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K2201/00—Pretreatment of solid fuel
- F23K2201/10—Pulverizing
- F23K2201/1006—Mills adapted for use with furnaces
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K2201/00—Pretreatment of solid fuel
- F23K2201/10—Pulverizing
- F23K2201/103—Pulverizing with hot gas supply
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K2201/00—Pretreatment of solid fuel
- F23K2201/30—Separating
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a biomass pulverizing apparatus and a biomass / coal mixed combustion system for pulverizing and pulverizing biomass solids.
- a coal pulverizer In order to pulverize conventional biomass to a particle size for a coal-fired boiler, a coal pulverizer is used. For example, biomass raw material is put into a pulverization table in a pulverizer and rotated in conjunction with the pulverization table. It is crushed and dried by a pulverizing roller to be classified. And the finely pulverized biomass is air-flow conveyed to the burner side (see Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2).
- the coal was pulverized using a vertical roller mill, but the biomass solids are stretchable, so the pulverization is worse than coal, and the vertical roller mill for coal has a predetermined size. It is difficult to grind. Therefore, conventionally, a biomass solid is pulverized using a pulverizer such as a hammer mill or a cutter mill.
- a pulverizer such as a hammer mill or a cutter mill.
- the method of pulverizing biomass solids using a hammer mill, cutter mill, etc. requires a great deal of power and not only deteriorates the pulverization efficiency but also shortens the service life and requires maintenance in a short period of time. Have difficulty.
- the biomass pulverization apparatus described in Patent Document 2 pulverizes biomass solids supplied on a rotationally driven pulverization table by a roller that operates in conjunction with the rotation of the table, and blows up from below.
- the biomass pulverized product is conveyed upward by an air current and classified into coarse powder and fine powder.
- the biomass crushing apparatus described in Patent Document 3 is based on the distance between the roller and the table, so that the pressure of the roller and the rotation speed of the table are within a certain range that promotes the mutual grinding between the biomass chips. Is to control.
- Biomass raw materials have a lighter specific gravity than coal and have various pulverization shapes, so the product particle size is mainly controlled by adjusting the air volume. For example, classification using a mechanical classifier such as a rotary classifier is sufficient. There is a problem that it is not done.
- the biomass raw material is fibrous and soft and is a hard-to-grind fuel compared to coal
- the grinding capacity is reduced during biomass grinding. Therefore, when diverting biomass raw material using a vertical roller crusher that pulverizes coal, the A (air) / C (coal) ratio is 7 or more (actually 7 to 13), and boiler equipment
- a facility for separating air is required using a bottle system such as a bag filter or a cyclone. As a result, troubles such as blockage and ignition may occur in the bin system.
- the biomass raw material has a high moisture content and is fibrous, when it is sandwiched between a pulverizing roller and a pulverizing table and crushed, the pulverized biomass powder (fine powder) is entangled with each other. It is difficult to separate.
- the average particle size in order to float-burn woody biomass raw materials with a conventional coal-fired boiler, the average particle size must be pulverized to about 0.5 mm to 1 mm. For example, a large amount of this size can be obtained with a hammer mill or a cutter mill. There is a problem that grinding is inefficient.
- the woody biomass powder (coarse particles) that is not sufficiently crushed has an irregular shape and tends to get entangled with each other. Even if it is raised by the above, there is a problem that separation of coarse particles and fine powder is not easy, the ratio of being excessively pulverized beyond the particle size necessary for burning out increases, and the pulverization power increases.
- the present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and a third problem is to provide a vertical mill that can improve the pulverization efficiency by efficiently pulverizing solids such as biomass.
- 1st invention of this invention for solving the subject mentioned above is a grinding
- the biomass crushing apparatus is characterized in that a plurality of discharge pipes for discharging the biomass powder are provided around the top of the crushing apparatus main body on the vertical axis direction extension line of the trunk portion.
- a second invention is the biomass pulverizer according to the first invention, wherein the biomass crusher has a collision plate in the vicinity of the opening of the discharge pipe.
- a pulverizing apparatus main body having a raw material supply pipe for supplying biomass raw material from above in the vertical axis direction, a pulverizing table having a table liner on which the supplied biomass raw material is placed, and rotating the pulverizing table.
- a driving unit that operates in conjunction with rotation of the pulverization table, a pulverization roller that pulverizes the biomass raw material by a pressing force, and forms an upward flow from the lower peripheral side lower side of the pulverization table upward and pulverization
- a blowing means for jetting a carrier gas for carrying biomass powder in an air stream; and a classifier for classifying biomass fine particles entrained in the carrier gas provided on the top side of the pulverizer main body.
- the table liner is divided into a plurality of fan-shaped segments, and each fan-shaped segment has a different thickness in the height direction. In the biomass milling equipment.
- a pulverizing table that is rotatably supported in the pulverizing device main body with a rotation axis along the vertical direction, and a pulverizing member that is disposed so as to face the upper side of the pulverizing table and is rotatably supported.
- a biomass pulverization apparatus comprising: a roller; and a roller speed adjustment mechanism capable of adjusting a rotation speed of the pulverization roller so as to have a peripheral speed different from a peripheral speed of the pulverization table.
- the eighth invention is the biomass pulverizing apparatus according to the seventh invention, wherein the roller speed adjusting mechanism has a braking / driving device for applying a driving force or a braking force to the pulverizing roller.
- the tenth invention is the biomass pulverizing apparatus according to the seventh or eighth invention, wherein the roller speed adjusting mechanism has an electric motor for driving and rotating the pulverizing roller.
- the twelfth aspect of the invention is the biomass pulverization apparatus according to any one of the first, fifth or seventh, the coal pulverization apparatus for pulverizing the coal raw material, the biomass powder pulverized by the biomass pulverization apparatus, and the coal pulverization apparatus. And a coal-fired biomass-coal system comprising a boiler furnace supplied with the coal powder.
- the crushing roller is disposed above the crushing table, and the crushing roller can be adjusted so as to be different from the peripheral speed of the crushing table by the roller speed adjustment mechanism. It is possible to improve the grinding efficiency by grinding the powder efficiently.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a biomass crusher according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the biomass crusher according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a biomass crusher according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a biomass crusher according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a biomass crusher according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a biomass-coal mixed combustion system including a boiler furnace according to a fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a biomass crusher according to the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the biomass crusher according to the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a biomass crusher according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the biomass crusher according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a biomass crusher according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 4
- an air blowing means (not shown) for forming an upward flow from the lower peripheral side of the pulverizing table 14 upward and ejecting a carrier gas 18 for air-carrying the pulverized biomass powder 17.
- the diameter of the barrel 21 at the center of the pulverizer body 13 in the vertical axis direction is reduced, and the top plate 13a of the pulverizer body on the extension line in the vertical axis direction of the reduced barrel 21 is placed on the top plate 13a.
- the discharge pipe 22 for discharging the mass powder 17 is made by providing a plurality circumferentially.
- the pulverizing table 14 is formed in a substantially circular trapezoidal shape, and the upper surface of the pulverizing table 14 is formed in a concave shape so that biomass solid matter placed on the table does not spill out, and a dam is formed on the outer peripheral side thereof. 14a is provided. In order to prevent the grinding table 14 from being worn, a replaceable table liner 14b is provided.
- the crushing table 14 is connected to a drive shaft (not shown) extending from the lower side of the table, and a motor (not shown) is connected to rotate the crushing table 14 by the motor.
- the crushing roller 16 is provided above a position shifted outward from the center of the crushing table 14.
- the crushing roller 16 crushes the biomass raw material 11 placed on the table liner 14 b of the crushing table 14 by applying a pressing force while rotating in conjunction with the rotation of the crushing table 14.
- a speed reducer is connected to the motor, and a variable hydraulic power source or a spring for changing the grinding load is connected to the grinding roller 16, and the grinding load of the grinding roller 16 is increased steplessly or stepwise.
- the pulverization power is configured to be controllable by a control device (not shown) so that the pulverization power is within a rated range, preferably substantially constant.
- the blowing means for supplying the carrier gas (primary air) 18 supplies primary air at a predetermined flow rate and a predetermined temperature from the periphery of the pulverization table 14 into the pulverizer main body 13.
- a damper or the like is used.
- a temperature adjustment means is provided as needed.
- the air flow rate or temperature is appropriately controlled by a control device (not shown).
- a gap 19 is provided between the outer peripheral edge of the pulverization table 14 and the inner peripheral surface of the pulverizer body 13, and the carrier gas (primary air) 18 supplied from the blower means passes through the gap 19. Thus, it blows out above the crushing table 14.
- a drift vane (not shown) may be provided in the gap 19. The drift vane adjusts the blowing direction of the primary air, and more preferably, the angle of the drift vane can be arbitrarily controlled.
- the diameter of the barrel portion 21 at the center in the vertical axis direction of the pulverizer main body 13 is reduced, and the top plate 13a of the pulverizer main body 13 on the line extending in the vertical axis direction of the barrel portion (reduced diameter portion) 21 is provided.
- a plurality of discharge pipes 22 for discharging the biomass powder (fine powder) 17 are provided in the circumferential direction.
- the internal superficial velocity can be satisfied.
- classification can be performed only by gravity classification in the height direction of the pulverizer without installing a conventional mechanical classifier (such as a rotary classifier). Can be achieved.
- the height adjustment by gravity classification depends on the size of the apparatus. After determining the relationship between the crushing table 14 and the body 21 and determining the A / C of the carrier gas 18, the optimum height of the gravity classification is determined. You just have to ask for it.
- Air volume (Q: m 2 / s) cross-sectional area (S: m 2 ) ⁇ superior velocity (V: m / s) (1)
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a biomass crusher according to the present embodiment.
- symbol is attached
- the biomass crushing apparatus 10 ⁇ / b> B according to the present embodiment has a collision plate 23 in the vicinity of the opening of the discharge pipe 22 in the biomass crushing apparatus 10 ⁇ / b> A according to the first embodiment.
- the diameter of the collision plate 23 is preferably 0.8 times or less of the opening of the discharge pipe 22.
- the height of the collision plate 23 in the vertical axis direction is freely movable by lifting means (not shown).
- the biomass powders those having a large particle size become unburned during boiler combustion. Therefore, the boiler combustion state is monitored, and when there is a large amount of unburned, the collision plate 23 is raised to the opening side. The inlet is narrowed to prevent discharge of large grains in the biomass powder 17.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the biomass crusher according to the present embodiment.
- symbol is attached
- the biomass crushing apparatus 10C according to the present embodiment extends the reduced diameter barrel portion 21 by a predetermined length L in the vertical axis direction in the biomass crushing apparatus 10B according to the second embodiment. . As a result, it is possible to reliably maintain the desired flow velocity that changes when the diameter is reduced in the height direction.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the biomass crusher according to the present embodiment.
- symbol is attached
- the biomass crusher 10D according to the present embodiment is the same as the biomass crusher 10C according to the third embodiment, in which the movable wall 24 has a variable diameter of the crusher body body on the top plate 13a side. have.
- the movable wall 24 is movable by, for example, a hinge 25 or the like, and is usually integrated with the inner wall side.
- the flow rate of the carrier gas 18 to be blown up may be changed as a variable structure in which a member that increases the opening area of the clearance 19 on the outer periphery of the crushing table 14 can be inserted and removed.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a biomass-coal mixed combustion system including a boiler furnace according to the present embodiment.
- the biomass pulverization apparatus 10A (10B to 10D) described above is applied to the biomass / coal mixed combustion system equipped with the boiler furnace according to the present embodiment.
- the biomass / coal co-firing system according to the present embodiment stores a biomass raw material 11 that is a primary crushing (coarse crushing) and dried biomass solids to a predetermined particle size or less as necessary.
- Biomass storage facility 95 biomass crusher 10A (10B to 10D) provided with biomass hopper 96 to which biomass raw material 11 is supplied, coal crushers 92a, 92b provided with hoppers 91a, 91b for receiving coal 90, biomass A boiler furnace 100 to which the biomass powder 17 obtained by the crushing apparatus 10A (10B to 10D) and the coal powder 93 obtained by the coal crushing apparatuses 92a and 92b are supplied.
- the biomass raw material 11 such as wood chips is sized to a certain extent and stored in the biomass storage facility 95 as biomass chips, and then supplied to the biomass hopper 96.
- the biomass chip is supplied from the biomass hopper 96 to the biomass crusher 10A (10B to 10D) and is crushed by the crushing table 14 and the crushing roller 16.
- the pulverized biomass pulverized material and coal pulverized material are supplied to the boiler furnace 100, and the biomass powder 17 and the coal powder 93 are mixed and burned in the boiler furnace 100.
- the furnace body of the boiler furnace 100 is provided with a fuel supply nozzle and a burner that cooperates therewith.
- Combustion exhaust gas generated by combustion heats the heat transfer tube 101 arranged in the furnace and is sent to the flue.
- An air heater (AH) 102 is disposed in the middle of the flue provided at the furnace outlet of the furnace body, and the combustion exhaust gas passing through the air heater 102 is exhaust gas treatment equipment (not shown) such as an ash collector. After that, it is released into the atmosphere.
- the high temperature air 104 generated by heating the outside air 103 by the air heater 102 is supplied to the coal pulverizers 92a and 92b and used for drying the coal.
- a part 105 of the combustion exhaust gas is supplied to the biomass crusher 10A (10B to 10D) by the induction fan 106, and used for classification and drying of the biomass.
- the biomass pulverization apparatus since the biomass pulverization apparatus according to the present invention is provided with the system, the biomass pulverization becomes good. Therefore, even when the pulverized product is directly introduced into the combustion apparatus and burned, the combustion performance is lowered. And stable combustion is possible. In addition, since the total amount of the pushed-in gas does not change from the conventional amount, there is no fluctuation in the primary air, and the biomass pulverizer can be operated stably within the range of the air amount required in the combustion facility. Is possible.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a biomass crusher according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the biomass crusher according to the sixth embodiment.
- the biomass crushing apparatus 10E which concerns on a present Example is the pulverization apparatus main body 13 which has the raw material supply pipe
- tube 12 which supplies the biomass raw material 11 from a vertical-axis direction upper direction, and the supplied biomass raw material 11 Is operated in conjunction with the rotation of the crushing table 14, and the biomass raw material 11 is pulverized by a pressing force.
- the table liner 14b of the crushing table 14 is divided into a plurality of fan-shaped segments 31a and 31b, and each fan Segment 31a, the height direction of the thickness of 31b are set to be different for.
- the pulverizing table 14 is formed in a substantially circular trapezoidal shape, and the upper surface of the pulverizing table 14 is formed in a concave shape so that biomass solid matter placed on the table does not spill out, and a dam is formed on the outer peripheral side thereof. 14a is provided. In order to prevent the grinding table 14 from being worn, a replaceable table liner 14b is provided.
- the crushing table 14 is connected to a drive shaft (not shown) extending from the lower side of the table, and a motor (not shown) is connected to rotate the crushing table 14 by the motor.
- the crushing roller 16 is provided above a position shifted outward from the center of the crushing table 14.
- the crushing roller 16 crushes the biomass raw material 11 placed on the table liner 14 b of the crushing table 14 by applying a pressing force while rotating in conjunction with the rotation of the crushing table 14.
- a speed reducer is connected to the motor, and a variable hydraulic power source or a spring for changing the grinding load is connected to the grinding roller 16, and the grinding load of the grinding roller 16 is increased steplessly or stepwise.
- the pulverization power is configured to be controllable by a control device (not shown) so that the pulverization power is within a rated range, preferably substantially constant.
- the classifier 41 secondary classifies slightly fine particles after passing through the air classification (primary classification) by the carrier gas (primary air) 18 and is either a fixed classifier (cyclone separator) or a rotary type. A classifier (rotary separator) or the like is used.
- a funnel-shaped classifier is used, and coarse particles and fine particles are classified by a classifying blade provided in an opening (not shown). The classified coarse particles fall to the pulverizing table 14 side and are pulverized again.
- the blowing means for supplying the carrier gas (primary air) 18 supplies primary air at a predetermined flow rate and a predetermined temperature from the periphery of the pulverization table 14 into the pulverizer main body 13.
- a damper or the like is used.
- a temperature adjustment means is provided as needed.
- the air flow rate or temperature is appropriately controlled by a control device (not shown).
- a gap D is provided between the outer peripheral edge of the pulverizing table 14 and the inner peripheral surface of the pulverizing apparatus body 13, and the carrier gas (primary air) 18 supplied from the blower means passes through the gap D. Thus, it blows out above the crushing table 14.
- a drift vane (not shown) may be provided in the gap D. The drift vane adjusts the blowing direction of the primary air, and more preferably, the angle of the drift vane can be arbitrarily controlled.
- a funnel-shaped rectifying member 42 having substantially the same shape as the classifier 41 is fixed to the upper side of the pulverizer body 13 with a predetermined distance from the classifier 41 and extends downward.
- the funnel-shaped rectifying member 42 drops the biomass powder (coarse particles) classified by the classifier 41 onto the crushing table 14 again.
- the funnel-shaped rectifying member 42 has a predetermined distance from the funnel portion 42a that receives the classified biomass powder (coarse particles) that expands and contracts from the upper portion toward the lower portion, and the biomass powder ( And a cylindrical portion 42b for dropping coarse particles).
- the diameter of the lower end part of the cylinder part 42b of the funnel-shaped rectifying member 42 is reduced, and the diffusion of the biomass powder (coarse particles) falling after being classified is prevented.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a table liner and a grinding roller according to the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a plan view of the table liner.
- the table liner 14b which is a pulverizing surface, is composed of segmented fan-shaped segments 31a, 31b, and the height directions of the segments 31a, 31b are alternately different,
- an action of cutting the fibers of the biomass raw material 11 is generated at the corners of the convex segment 31a as shown in FIG.
- the pulverization efficiency of the biomass raw material is improved, and a pulverizer with good pulverization efficiency can be provided.
- the number of divisions is preferably 2 or more and about 30 divisions.
- the height is two different types, but the present invention is not limited to this, and may be a plurality of different types of height.
- the shape of the fan-shaped segments may be different, but it is more preferable that they have the same shape. This is to facilitate the exchange of segments.
- the biomass pulverization apparatus of Example 6 By applying the biomass pulverization apparatus of Example 6 to the biomass / coal mixed combustion system including the boiler furnace shown in FIG. 6 described above, the biomass pulverization becomes good. Therefore, the pulverized product is directly introduced into the combustion apparatus. Even in the case of combustion, stable combustion is possible without reducing the combustion performance.
- the vertical mill which is a biomass crushing apparatus of Example 7 grinds solids such as biomass.
- the biomass is an organic resource derived from a renewable organism. Examples include thinned wood, waste wood, driftwood, grass, waste, sludge, tires, and recycled fuel (pellets and chips) made from these materials, and are not limited to those presented here.
- the vertical mill of a present Example is not limited to what grind
- the powder apparatus main body (housing) 13 has a cylindrical hollow shape, and a raw material supply pipe 12 to which biomass is supplied at the upper portion is provided. It is installed.
- the raw material supply pipe 12 supplies a biomass raw material 11 of solid biomass into a device main body 13 from a biomass supply device (not shown), and is arranged along the vertical direction (vertical direction) at the center position of the crushing device main body 13. The lower end is extended downward.
- the crushing device body 13 has a crushing table 14 disposed at the bottom.
- the crushing table 14 is disposed at the center position of the crushing device body 13 so as to face the lower end portion of the raw material supply pipe 12. Further, the crushing table 14 is connected to a rotating shaft 61 having a rotating shaft center along the vertical direction at a lower portion thereof, and is rotatably supported by the crushing device main body 13.
- a worm wheel 62 as a drive gear is solidified on the rotary shaft 61, and a worm gear 63 of a drive motor (not shown) mounted on the pulverizer body 13 is engaged with the worm wheel 62. Therefore, the crushing table 14 can be driven to rotate by the drive motor via the worm gear 63, the worm wheel 62, and the rotating shaft 61.
- the crushing table 14 has a ring-shaped table liner 14b fixed to the outer peripheral side.
- the table liner 14b has an inclined surface whose surface (upper surface) becomes higher as it goes to the outer peripheral side of the grinding table 14.
- a plurality of crushing rollers 16 are arranged facing the upper side of the crushing table 14 (table liner 14b), and a roller driving device 64 for driving and rotating each crushing roller 16 is provided.
- the roller driving device 64 is, for example, a motor, and can apply a driving force to the crushing roller 16.
- the rear end portion of the support shaft 65 is supported by the roller driving device 64, and the roller driving device 64 is supported by the mounting shaft 64 a on the side wall portion of the pulverizing device body 13, thereby the front end portion of the support shaft 65. Is swingable in the vertical direction.
- the support shaft 65 is disposed so that the tip portion thereof faces the rotational axis direction of the crushing table 14 and is inclined downward, and the crushing roller 16 is mounted.
- the roller driving device 64 (support shaft 65) is provided with an upper arm 66 extending upward, and a tip portion of a pressing rod 68 of a hydraulic cylinder 67 as a pressing device fixed to the crushing device main body 13 is the upper arm. 66 is connected to the tip of 66.
- the roller driving device 64 (support shaft 21) is provided with a lower arm 69 extending downward, and a tip portion thereof can come into contact with a stopper 70 fixed to the crushing device main body 13. Therefore, when the pressing rod 68 is advanced by the hydraulic cylinder 67, the upper arm 66 is pressed, and the roller driving device 64 and the support shaft 65 can be rotated clockwise in FIG. 11 with the mounting shaft 64a as a fulcrum. . At this time, the rotation position of the roller driving device 64 and the support shaft 65 is defined by the lower arm 66 coming into contact with the stopper 70.
- the crushing roller 16 crushes the biomass solids with the crushing table 14 (table liner 14b), and a predetermined amount is provided between the surface of the crushing roller 16 and the surface of the crushing table 14 (table liner 14b). It is necessary to secure a gap. Therefore, by defining the support shaft 65 at a predetermined rotational position by the hydraulic cylinder 67, there is a predetermined gap between the surface of the pulverizing roller 16 and the surface of the pulverizing table 14 so that biomass solids can be taken and pulverized. Secured.
- the crushing roller 16 has a truncated cone shape with a small diameter on the tip side and the surface of the crushing roller 16 is flat.
- the present invention is not limited to this shape.
- the crushing roller 16 may be a tire shape.
- a plurality of (three) crushing rollers 16 are provided and arranged at equal intervals along the rotation direction of the crushing table 14. In this case, the number and arrangement of the crushing rollers 16 may be appropriately set according to the size of the crushing table 14, the crushing roller 16, and the like.
- control device 71 calculates the peripheral speed at the position where the pulverizing roller 16 faces based on the rotational speed of the pulverizing table 14 detected by the detector 72, and the peripheral speed of the pulverizing roller 16 is determined based on the peripheral speed of the pulverizing table 14.
- the rotational speed of the grinding roller 16 is set by controlling the driving of the roller driving device 64 so as to be different from the peripheral speed.
- control device 71 sets the rotational speed of the grinding roller 16 by the roller driving device 64 so that the circumferential speed of the grinding roller 16 is slightly faster than the circumferential speed of the grinding table 14.
- the pulverizer main body 13 is provided with an inlet port 73 at the lower part located in the outer periphery of the pulverization table 14 and through which primary air is fed. Further, the pulverizer main body 13 is provided with an outlet port 74 for discharging the pulverized biomass located on the outer periphery of the raw material supply pipe 12 at the upper part.
- the pulverizer body 13 is provided with a rotary separator 75 as a classifier for classifying the pulverized biomass below the outlet port 74.
- the rotary separator 75 is provided on the outer periphery of the raw material supply pipe 12 and can be driven and rotated by a driving device 76.
- the pulverizer main body 13 is provided with a foreign matter discharge pipe 77 at the bottom.
- the foreign matter discharge pipe 77 is for discharging foreign matters (spivage) such as gravel and metal pieces mixed in the biomass solid matter by dropping from the outer peripheral portion of the pulverizing table 14.
- the rotational force of the crushing table 14 is transmitted to the crushing roller 16 through solid matter such as biomass, and the crushing roller 16 rotates as the crushing table 14 rotates.
- the grinding roller 16 since the grinding roller 16 is pressed and supported on the grinding table 14 side by the hydraulic cylinder 67, the grinding roller 16 presses and crushes this solid matter while rotating.
- the crushing table 14 when the crushing table 14 is driven and rotated, and solids such as biomass are supplied onto the crushing table 14, the solids move outward by centrifugal force, and between the crushing table 14 and the crushing roller 16. Get in. Then, the solid material is pulverized by rotating the pulverizing roller 16 by the rotation of the pulverizing table 14, and at this time, the rotational speed of the pulverizing roller 16 is adjusted by the control device 71, so that shear force acts on the solid material. The pulverization is promoted, and the pulverization efficiency can be improved by efficiently pulverizing solids such as biomass.
- roller driving device 64 that applies a driving force to the crushing roller 16 as a roller speed adjusting mechanism
- the roller driving device 64 applies a driving force to the crushing roller 16 and the peripheral speed of the crushing roller 16 is increased.
- the peripheral speed of the pulverizing table 14 is different from that of the pulverizing table 14, so that the shearing force acts on the solid matter and the pulverizing efficiency can be improved.
- the control device 71 adjusts the rotational speed of the grinding roller 16 by the roller driving device 64 so that the circumferential speed of the grinding roller 16 is faster than the circumferential speed of the grinding table 14.
- the rotational speed of the grinding roller 16 may be adjusted by the roller driving device 64 so that the circumferential speed of 16 is slightly slower than the circumferential speed of the grinding table 14.
- the control device 71 may adjust the rotation direction of the crushing roller 16 by the roller driving device 64 so that the rotation direction of the crushing roller 16 is opposite to the rotation direction of the crushing table 14.
- a plurality of pulverizing rollers 16 are disposed above the pulverizing table 14 (table liner 14 b), and each pulverizing roller 16 is driven by a roller driving device 64.
- the drive can be rotated.
- the roller driving device 64 is a motor generator and can function as an electric motor and function as a generator.
- the roller drive device (motor generator) 64 is connected to an inverter 78, and a storage battery 79 is connected to the inverter 78, and the control device 71 can control the inverter 78.
- the motor generator constituting the roller driving device 64 converts the electric power supplied from the storage battery 79 into mechanical power and outputs it to the support shaft 65, and the mechanical power input to the support shaft 65 as electric power. It has the function of converting and collecting.
- the roller driving device (motor generator) 64 functions as a motor
- the grinding roller 16 can be rotated via the support shaft 65.
- the control device 71 controls the roller driving device 64 so that the peripheral speed of the crushing roller 16 is slightly faster than the peripheral speed of the crushing table 14 by the inverter 78.
- the roller driving device (motor generator) 64 functions as a generator
- the rotational force of the pulverizing table 14 is transmitted to the pulverizing roller 16 via the solid material, and the support shaft 65 rotates.
- the rotational force of 65 can be converted into electric power and stored in the storage battery 82.
- the control device 71 controls the roller driving device 64 so that the peripheral speed of the pulverizing roller 16 is slightly slower than the peripheral speed of the pulverizing table 14 by the inverter 81, and functions as an electric power regenerative brake.
- the roller driving device 64 is a motor generator, and the crushing roller 16 can be driven and rotated by the roller driving device 64, and the circumference of the crushing table 14 is controlled by the control device 71.
- the rotational speed of the grinding roller 16 can be adjusted so that the peripheral speed is different from the speed. Therefore, when the peripheral speed of the crushing roller 16 and the peripheral speed of the crushing table 14 are different by the control device 71, the crushing roller 16 is accelerated by crushing due to the shearing force acting on the solids, such as biomass. It is possible to improve the pulverization efficiency by efficiently pulverizing the solid matter.
- the peripheral speed of the crushing roller 16 and the peripheral speed of the crushing table 14 can be easily made different by using the roller driving device 64 as a motor generator. Since the roller driving device (motor generator) 64 is capable of regenerative braking, the regenerative brake is applied to the crushing roller 16 so that the heat energy is converted into electric energy and can be recovered. Can be used effectively.
- Biomass crusher 11 Biomass raw material 12 Raw material supply pipe 13 Crusher main body 14 Crushing table 15 Drive unit 16 Crushing roller 17 Biomass powder 18 Carrier gas 21 Body (reduced diameter part) 22 discharge pipe 23 collision plate 31a, 31b fan-shaped segment 41 classifier 42 funnel-shaped rectifying member 64 roller driving device (roller speed adjusting mechanism) 65 Support shaft 67 Hydraulic cylinder (pressing device) 71 Control device (roller speed adjustment mechanism) 72 Detector 78 Inverter 79 Storage battery
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Abstract
Description
また、粉砕装置の動力が増加するため、粉砕装置の容量を下げて運転する必要がある。
図1及び図2に示すように、本実施例に係るバイオマス粉砕装置10Aは、バイオマス原料11を鉛直軸方向上方から供給する原料供給管12を有する粉砕装置本体13と、供給されたバイオマス原料11が載置される粉砕テーブル14と、該粉砕テーブル14を回転駆動する駆動部15と、前記粉砕テーブル14の回転と連動して作動し、前記バイオマス原料11を押圧力により粉砕する粉砕ローラ16と、前記粉砕テーブル14の外周側下方から上方に向けて上昇流を形成し、粉砕したバイオマス粉体17を気流搬送する搬送ガス18を噴出する送風手段(図示せず)とを具備してなり、粉砕装置本体13の鉛直軸方向の中央部の胴部21を縮径すると共に、縮径した胴部21の鉛直軸方向延長線上の粉砕装置本体の天板13aに、バイオマス粉体17を排出する排出管22を複数個円周方向に設けてなるものである。
なお、粉砕テーブル14は、テーブル下側から延設される駆動軸(図示せず)にモータ(図示せず)が接続され、該モータによって粉砕テーブル14を回転駆動するようになっている。
このとき、前記モータには、減速機が前記粉砕ローラ16には粉砕荷重を変化させる可変油圧源又はスプリングが接続されており、粉砕ローラ16の粉砕荷重を無段階若しくは段階的に減増させ、粉砕動力が定格範囲内、好ましくはほぼ一定になるように制御装置(不図示)で制御可能に構成されている。
すなわち、搬送ガス18は何の障害物もないので、上昇された空塔速度を維持しつつバイオマス粉体(微粉)17を搬送することができる。
本発明では、胴部(縮径部)21で絞り部を形成し、この空塔速度を維持することで、排出管22までその速度を維持するようにしている。なお、絞り部の上方側は拡径しているが、この拡径量と、胴部21から天板13aにかけての長さを調整することで、重力分級を適切に行うようにしている。
なお、空気量Qと胴部21の断面積(原料供給管12の面積を除いたもの)Sと空塔速度Vとの関係は以下の式(1)のようになる。
空気量(Q:m2/s)=断面積(S:m2)×空塔速度(V:m/s) …(1)
図3に示すように、本実施例に係るバイオマス粉砕装置10Bは、実施例1に係るバイオマス粉砕装置10Aにおいて、前記排出管22の開口部近傍に衝突板23を有するものである。
バイオマス粉体の中でも大きな粒径のものは、ボイラ燃焼の際、未燃分となるので、ボイラ燃焼状態を監視し、未燃分が多い場合には、衝突板23を開口側に上昇させて、入口を狭め、バイオマス粉体17の内の大きな粒の排出を防止するようにしている。
図4に示すように、本実施例に係るバイオマス粉砕装置10Cは、実施例2に係るバイオマス粉砕装置10Bにおいて、前記縮径した胴部21を鉛直軸方向に所定長さL延設させている。
これにより、縮径した際に変化する所望流速の高さ方向の維持を確実に行うことができる。
図5に示すように、本実施例に係るバイオマス粉砕装置10Dは、実施例3に係るバイオマス粉砕装置10Cにおいて、前記天板13a側の粉砕装置本体胴部の径を可変自在としてなる可動壁24を有している。この可動壁24は例えばヒンジ25等により可動自在としており、通常は内壁側と一体としている。
図6に示すように、本実施例に係るボイラ火炉を備えたバイオマス・石炭混焼システムに上述したバイオマス粉砕装置10A(10B~10D)を適用したものである。
図6に示すように、本実施例に係るバイオマス・石炭混焼システムは、必要に応じて所定粒径以下まで一次破砕(粗破砕)、乾燥されたバイオマス固形物であるバイオマス原料11が貯蔵されるバイオマス貯蔵設備95と、バイオマス原料11が供給されるバイオマスホッパ96を備えたバイオマス粉砕装置10A(10B~10D)と、石炭90を受け入れるホッパ91a、91bを備えた石炭粉砕装置92a、92bと、バイオマス粉砕装置10A(10B~10D)にて得られたバイオマス粉体17及び石炭粉砕装置92a、92bにて得られた石炭粉体93が供給されるボイラ火炉100と、を備えるものである。
木屑等のバイオマス原料11はある程度大きさを揃えバイオマスチップとしてバイオマス貯蔵設備95に貯蔵され、その後、バイオマスホッパ96に供給される。バイオマスチップは、バイオマスホッパ96からバイオマス粉砕装置10A(10B~10D)に供給され、粉砕テーブル14と粉砕ローラ16とにより粉砕される。粉砕後のバイオマス粉砕物および石炭粉砕物はボイラ火炉100に供給され、ボイラ火炉100内でバイオマス粉体17と石炭粉体93が混合して燃焼するようになっている。
空気加熱器102によって外気103を加熱して生成した高温空気104は石炭粉砕装置92a、92bに供給され、石炭の乾燥に用いられる。また燃焼排ガスの一部105は、誘引ファン106によりバイオマス粉砕装置10A(10B~10D)に供給され、バイオマスの分級、乾燥に用いられる。
また、押込みガスの全体量は従来と変化することがないので、一次空気の変動がなく、燃焼設備にて必要とされる空気量の範囲内で、バイオマス粉砕装置を安定して運転することが可能である。
図7及び図8に示すように、本実施例に係るバイオマス粉砕装置10Eは、バイオマス原料11を鉛直軸方向上方から供給する原料供給管12を有する粉砕装置本体13と、供給されたバイオマス原料11が載置されるテーブルライナ14bを有する粉砕テーブル14と、該粉砕テーブル14を回転駆動する駆動部15と、前記粉砕テーブル14の回転と連動して作動し、前記バイオマス原料11を押圧力により粉砕する粉砕ローラ16と、前記粉砕テーブル14の外周側下方から上方に向けて上昇流を形成し、粉砕したバイオマス粉体17を気流搬送する搬送ガス18を噴出する送風手段(図示せず)とを具備してなり、前記粉砕テーブル14のテーブルライナ14bを複数の扇状のセグメント31a、31bに分割してなると共に、各扇状のセグメント31a、31bの高さ方向の厚みが異なるようにしている。
なお、粉砕テーブル14は、テーブル下側から延設される駆動軸(図示せず)にモータ(図示せず)が接続され、該モータによって粉砕テーブル14を回転駆動するようになっている。
このとき、前記モータには、減速機が前記粉砕ローラ16には粉砕荷重を変化させる可変油圧源又はスプリングが接続されており、粉砕ローラ16の粉砕荷重を無段階若しくは段階的に減増させ、粉砕動力が定格範囲内、好ましくはほぼ一定になるように制御装置(不図示)で制御可能に構成されている。
本実施例の分級器41では、漏斗状分級器としており、図示しない開口に設けた分級羽根により、粗粒と微粒とを分級している。分級された粗粒は粉砕テーブル14側に落下して、再度粉砕がなされる。
なお、該漏斗状整流部材42の筒部42bの下端部はその径が縮小されており、分級されて落下するバイオマス粉体(粗粒)の拡散を防止している。
本実施例では、図10に示すように、粉砕面であるテーブルライナ14bを分割式の扇状のセグメント31a、31bで構成すると共に、各セグメント31a、31bの高さ方向を交互に異なるようにし、円周方向段面が凹凸となるよう交互に配置させることにより、図9に示すように、凸側のセグメント31aの角部でバイオマス原料11の繊維を切る作用を生じさせている。この結果、バイオマス原料の粉砕効率が向上し、粉砕効率の良い粉砕機を提供することができる。
本実施例では、高さは2種類の異なるものとしているが、本発明は、これに限定されるものではなく、複数種類の異なる高さとしてもよい。
また、 実施例7及び8のバイオマス粉砕装置を、前述した図6に示すボイラ火炉を備えたバイオマス・石炭混焼システムに適用することで、バイオマス粉砕が良好となるので、その粉砕物を燃焼装置に直接導入して燃焼させる場合においても、燃焼性能を低下させることなく安定燃焼が可能である。
11 バイオマス原料
12 原料供給管
13 粉砕装置本体
14 粉砕テーブル
15 駆動部
16 粉砕ローラ
17 バイオマス粉体
18 搬送ガス
21 胴部(縮径部)
22 排出管
23 衝突板
31a、31b 扇状のセグメント
41 分級器
42 漏斗状整流部材
64 ローラ駆動装置(ローラ速度調整機構)
65 支持軸
67 油圧シリンダ(押圧装置)
71 制御装置(ローラ速度調整機構)
72 検出器
78 インバータ
79 蓄電池
Claims (12)
- バイオマス原料を鉛直軸方向上方から供給する原料供給管を有する粉砕装置本体と、
供給されたバイオマス原料が載置される粉砕テーブルと、
該粉砕テーブルを回転駆動する駆動部と、
前記粉砕テーブルの回転と連動して作動し、前記バイオマス原料を押圧力により粉砕する粉砕ローラと、
前記粉砕テーブルの外周側下方から上方に向けて上昇流を形成し、粉砕したバイオマス粉体を気流搬送する搬送ガスを噴出する送風手段とを具備してなり、
前記粉砕装置本体の鉛直軸方向の中央部の胴部を縮径すると共に、
縮径した胴部の鉛直軸方向延長線上の粉砕装置本体の頂部に、バイオマス粉体を排出する排出管を複数個周設することを特徴とするバイオマス粉砕装置。 - 請求項1において、
前記排出管の開口部近傍に衝突板を有することを特徴とするバイオマス粉砕装置。 - 請求項1又は2において、
前記縮径した胴部が鉛直軸方向に所定長さ延設されていることを特徴とするバイオマス粉砕装置。 - 請求項1又は2において、
前記頂部側の粉砕装置本体胴部の径を可変自在としてなることを特徴とするバイオマス粉砕装置。 - バイオマス原料を鉛直軸方向上方から供給する原料供給管を有する粉砕装置本体と、
供給されたバイオマス原料が載置されるテーブルライナを有する粉砕テーブルと、
該粉砕テーブルを回転駆動する駆動部と、
前記粉砕テーブルの回転と連動して作動し、前記バイオマス原料を押圧力により粉砕する粉砕ローラと、
前記粉砕テーブルの外周側下方から上方に向けて上昇流を形成し、粉砕したバイオマス粉体を気流搬送する搬送ガスを噴出する送風手段と、
粉砕装置本体の頂部側に設けられ、前記搬送ガスに同伴されたバイオマス微粒を分級する分級器とを具備すると共に、
前記粉砕テーブルのテーブルライナを複数の扇状のセグメントに分割してなると共に、
各扇状のセグメントの高さ方向の厚みが異なることを特徴とするバイオマス粉砕装置。 - 請求項5において、
前記扇状のセグメントの形状が同一であることを特徴とするバイオマス粉砕装置。 - 粉砕装置本体内に鉛直方向に沿った回転軸心をもって駆動回転可能に支持される粉砕テーブルと、
前記粉砕テーブルの上方に対向して配置されて回転自在に支持される粉砕ローラと、
前記粉砕テーブルの周速と異なる周速となるように前記粉砕ローラの回転速度を調整可能なローラ速度調整機構と、
を備えることを特徴とするバイオマス粉砕装置。 - 請求項7において、
前記ローラ速度調整機構は、前記粉砕ローラに駆動力または制動力を付与する制駆動装置を有することを特徴とするバイオマス粉砕装置。 - 請求項7又は8において、
前記ローラ速度調整機構は、前記粉砕ローラに駆動力を付与する駆動装置を有し、該駆動装置は、前記粉砕ローラの周速が前記粉砕テーブルの周速より速くなるように前記粉砕ローラの回転速度を調整可能であることを特徴とするバイオマス粉砕装置。 - 請求項7又は8において、
前記ローラ速度調整機構は、前記粉砕ローラを駆動回転する電気モータを有することを特徴とするバイオマス粉砕装置。 - 請求項10において、
前記電気モータは、回生制動可能であることを特徴とするバイオマス粉砕装置。 - 請求項1、5又は7のいずれか一つのバイオマス粉砕装置と、
石炭原料を粉砕する石炭粉砕装置と、
バイオマス粉砕装置で粉砕されたバイオマス粉体と、石炭粉砕装置で粉砕された石炭粉体とが供給されるボイラ火炉とを具備することを特徴とするバイオマス・石炭混焼システム。
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US14/122,447 US20140076210A1 (en) | 2011-09-30 | 2011-09-30 | Biomass mill and biomass-coal mixed combustion system |
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JP2019150755A (ja) * | 2018-03-01 | 2019-09-12 | 株式会社Ihi | 竪型ローラミル |
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CN110753583A (zh) * | 2017-06-30 | 2020-02-04 | 川崎重工业株式会社 | 立式辊磨机以及该立式辊磨机的运行方法 |
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JP7091713B2 (ja) | 2018-03-01 | 2022-06-28 | 株式会社Ihi | 竪型ローラミル |
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CN114811658A (zh) * | 2022-05-11 | 2022-07-29 | 中南大学 | 一种燃料供给装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN103596692A (zh) | 2014-02-19 |
EP2764922A4 (en) | 2016-01-13 |
CN103596692B (zh) | 2015-09-23 |
EP2764922B1 (en) | 2017-05-17 |
EP2764922A1 (en) | 2014-08-13 |
US20140076210A1 (en) | 2014-03-20 |
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