WO2012038787A1 - Machine for continuously cutting woody plants - Google Patents

Machine for continuously cutting woody plants Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012038787A1
WO2012038787A1 PCT/IB2010/055694 IB2010055694W WO2012038787A1 WO 2012038787 A1 WO2012038787 A1 WO 2012038787A1 IB 2010055694 W IB2010055694 W IB 2010055694W WO 2012038787 A1 WO2012038787 A1 WO 2012038787A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
roller
cutting
machine
teeth
machine according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2010/055694
Other languages
French (fr)
Portuguese (pt)
Inventor
José DE JESUS FIGUEIREDO DA SILVA
António Manuel DE AMARAL MONTEIRO RAMOS
Original Assignee
Universidade De Aveiro
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Publication of WO2012038787A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012038787A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D43/00—Mowers combined with apparatus performing additional operations while mowing
    • A01D43/006—Mowers combined with apparatus performing additional operations while mowing with devices for pressing or compacting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G23/00—Forestry
    • A01G23/02—Transplanting, uprooting, felling or delimbing trees
    • A01G23/08—Felling trees
    • A01G23/093—Combinations of shearing, sawing or milling apparatus specially adapted for felling trees

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a biomass cutting and wrapping machine, which exists in various under-forest or energy-plant cultivation situations, with a functionality suitable for the biomass treatment process that is proposed to improve its characteristics. in use as biofuel.
  • the machine of the present invention is suitable for cutting and packing shrubs or other plants up to a maximum diameter of 50 mm, however this size may be larger if the engine power and equipment dimensions are adjusted.
  • the machine allows the cutting of existing biomass in various situations, and packaging, which facilitates the operation of biomass loading, performed after treatment at the cutting site.
  • the machine can be adapted to any vehicle (eg farm tractor) as long as it provides hydraulic or mechanical power.
  • the combination of these functions in one device implies a new, faster, continuous working method that facilitates the use of biomass and does not require the load to be simultaneous with cutting. There are no devices on the market that combine these functions and are suitable for the application under consideration.
  • the present invention further provides the possibility of cutting the stems at any height defined by the user, also allowing this operation to be performed regardless of the orientation of the plants relative to the equipment.
  • the machine of the present invention is constituted by a support structure, which connects all the elements and which guides the material.
  • This structure supports the front and rear roller support arms as well as the cutting system.
  • the rollers are mounted on two supports attached to the swingarms that have a movement limitation system consisting of a spring system.
  • the front roller has spikes for collecting, the rear roller has helical ribs to hold the material.
  • the rollers are driven by hydraulic motors and protected by a properly shaped shield.
  • the mounting of the arms on the frame is by means of support bushes and dowels, which facilitate maintenance operations.
  • the cutting system located at the front of the machine consists of a set of bars including the swinging bar. This system is mounted at the bottom of the frame and situated under the front roller. Knife swinging bar is driven by a cam and arm mechanism by hydraulic motors. This ruler-guided cutting set is protected by a front tooth system with openings that allow stem cutting. The driving speed of the hydraulic motors will be adjustable according to the feedrate chosen by the operator.
  • the advantage of the new machine is that it allows mechanization of bush cutting and immediate wrapping (forming strands), allowing the biomass to be treated at the cutting site, which can then be harvested to produce biofuel. .
  • Devices for cutting and harvesting herbaceous plants or trees are not suitable for harvesting shrubs and small trees that grow spontaneously in the forest.
  • Known devices for controlling such plants adapted for use with vehicles, cause the plants to shatter and do not facilitate harvesting in a second operation.
  • devices used for manual cutting do not allow the biomass to be stored in rows near the cutting site.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic and simplified perspective representation of an embodiment of the machine according to the invention
  • Figure 2 shows a partially sectioned side view of the machine according to the invention described in Figure 1.
  • hydraulic motor (15) hydraulic motor (15);
  • Frame (1) supports the entire cutting mechanism by means of bolts or screw nuts not shown. This structure connects to power supply equipment (mainly hydraulic power), whether agricultural tractors or other machines.
  • the frame supports the cutting, moving and packing elements.
  • the stems of the plants to be cut in front of the machine come into contact with the teeth (3) leading to the cutting assembly consisting of blades (2) arranged laterally in line with constant spacing, protected by a set of teeth. (3) equal to the number of cutting blades.
  • the cutting blades are angled to make cutting easier.
  • the teeth (3) protect the blades (2) from contact with stones of any size and prevent the cutting of larger stems. Thus the material is held upright between the teeth to make the cut in the horizontal plane.
  • the blades (2) are fixed to the bar (4) which is animated with transverse movement relative to the advance of the described machine.
  • the bar (4) is guided through the cutting support (5), fixed to the frame (1) by a set of embedded screws (not shown).
  • the actuation of the reciprocating rod (4) derives from the motors (9) which drive the cam (8) connected to the arm (6) connected to the support (7), by means of a pin (not shown) and connected to the bar (4) by means of screws ( Figure 3). Connections between bushings and dowels were not shown.
  • the hydraulic motors (9) are fixed to the frame (1) by means of bolts (not shown) and are protected from impact by the shield (10). With the alternative movement applied to the blades, they go against the bush that is between the teeth and promote the cutting of the material.
  • the height of this cutting system relative to the ground may be adjusted by the operator of the equipment and maintained at a fixed distance from the ground by adjusting the side skids (11), fixed by screws (not shown).
  • the front roller (12) In the front area, higher than the cutting system, is the front roller (12) with teeth that allow force to be applied to drag the material into the frame (1).
  • the front roller (12) is mounted on mounts mounted on the front side arms (13) and (14).
  • the side arms (13) and (14) supporting the front roller (12) are mounted on the frame (1) by side supports and mounted on bushes and dowels not shown.
  • the front roller (12) is driven by a hydraulic motor (15) supported on the right front arm (13).
  • Mounted on the arms supporting the front roller is a bulkhead (16) that will force out the material that clings to the front roller.
  • the system The cleaning device further includes a guard (17) which guides the material into the frame. In this way, the material is forced to move to the exit of the machine.
  • the front roller (12) also has an upper guard (18) to create safe conditions for the operator and to avoid accidents.
  • the movable front roller system (12) is damped in its movement by two sets of side springs (19). This assembly increases the contact force of the roll with the material entering the machine and is pressed against the base of the frame (1); Roller contact with the base is prevented by a stop on the frame (1).
  • the exit roller (21) allows the material to be output with the desired packing (in strings).
  • the packaging is central but may be left lateral or right lateral, with the mere alteration of the roll.
  • the roll consists of a central tooth system (22) and two helical side threads (23), with reverse directions that allow the material to be joined and interlaced to the center of the roll.
  • the output roller (21) is mounted on two supports in the rear side arms (24) and (25), which allow vertical mobility.
  • the arms 24 and 25 are mounted

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Harvester Elements (AREA)

Abstract

This invention concerns a machine for cutting and packaging biomass providing functionality suited to the biomass treatment process that is intended to improve the characteristics thereof when used as a biofuel. The machine enables the stems encountered across the entire front width thereof to be cut by contact with the teeth (3) that guide the woody material towards the cutting unit comprising blades (2) arranged laterally in evenly spaced rows. The cutting unit is protected by a set of teeth (3) incorporating as many teeth as there are cutting blades and in which, in the front area, above the cutting unit, is located the front roller (12) having teeth that enable force to be applied to draw the woody material towards the inside of the structure (1). The cutting unit also has an output roller (21) that enables the material to be outputted in the required packaging.

Description

DESCRIÇÃO  DESCRIPTION
"MÁQUINA DESTINADA AO CORTE EM CONTÍNUO DE PLANTAS  "MACHINE FOR CONTINUOUS CUTTING OF PLANTS
LENHOSAS"  WOOD "
Domínio técnico da invenção Technical field of the invention
A presente invenção diz respeito a uma máquina para corte e acondicionamento de biomassa, existente em diversas situações de sub-coberto da floresta ou de cultivo de plantas energéticas, com uma funcionalidade adequada ao processo de tratamento da biomassa que é proposto para melhorar as suas características na utilização como biocombustível . The present invention relates to a biomass cutting and wrapping machine, which exists in various under-forest or energy-plant cultivation situations, with a functionality suitable for the biomass treatment process that is proposed to improve its characteristics. in use as biofuel.
0 seu funcionamento baseia-se em três operações distintas, designadas por corte, transporte e acondicionamento de biomassa, sendo elaboradas por intermédio de sistemas mecânicos accionados hidraulicamente em sistema contínuo. Its operation is based on three distinct operations, called biomass cutting, conveying and conditioning, and is made by means of hydraulically driven continuous mechanical systems.
A máquina da presente invenção está indicado para o corte e acondicionamento de arbustos ou outras plantas, até diâmetros máximos de 50 mm, contudo esta dimensão poderá ser superior se ajustarem as potências dos motores e as dimensões do equipamento. A máquina permite o corte da biomassa existente nas mais diversas situações, e o acondicionamento, o que facilita a operação de carga da biomassa, realizada posteriormente ao tratamento no local de corte. A máquina pode ser adaptada a qualquer veículo (por exemplo tractor agrícola) desde que este forneça energia hidráulica ou mecânica. A combinação destas funções num só dispositivo, implica um novo método de trabalho continuo, mais rápido, que facilita a utilização da biomassa e não requer que a carga seja simultânea com o corte. Não existem no mercado dispositivos que combinem estas funções e sejam adequados à aplicação aqui considerada. The machine of the present invention is suitable for cutting and packing shrubs or other plants up to a maximum diameter of 50 mm, however this size may be larger if the engine power and equipment dimensions are adjusted. The machine allows the cutting of existing biomass in various situations, and packaging, which facilitates the operation of biomass loading, performed after treatment at the cutting site. The machine can be adapted to any vehicle (eg farm tractor) as long as it provides hydraulic or mechanical power. The combination of these functions in one device implies a new, faster, continuous working method that facilitates the use of biomass and does not require the load to be simultaneous with cutting. There are no devices on the market that combine these functions and are suitable for the application under consideration.
0 presente invento apresenta ainda a possibilidade de realizar o corte dos caules a qualquer altura do solo, definida pelo utilizador, permitindo também que esta operação se realize independentemente da orientação das plantas relativamente ao equipamento. The present invention further provides the possibility of cutting the stems at any height defined by the user, also allowing this operation to be performed regardless of the orientation of the plants relative to the equipment.
A máquina da presente invenção é constituída por uma estrutura de suporte, que liga todos os elementos e que serve de guia para o material. Esta estrutura suporta os braços de apoio dos rolos anterior e posterior, bem como o sistema de corte. Os rolos são montados em dois apoios ligados aos braços oscilantes que possuem um sistema de limitação de movimento constituído por um sistema de molas. The machine of the present invention is constituted by a support structure, which connects all the elements and which guides the material. This structure supports the front and rear roller support arms as well as the cutting system. The rollers are mounted on two supports attached to the swingarms that have a movement limitation system consisting of a spring system.
0 rolo frontal dispõe de picos para realizar a recolha, o rolo posterior dispõe de nervuras helicoidais para acondicionar o material. Os rolos são accionados por motores hidráulicos e protegidos por uma blindagem com forma adequada. A montagem dos braços na estrutura é feita por intermédio de casquilhos de apoio e cavilhas, que facilitam as operações de manutenção. The front roller has spikes for collecting, the rear roller has helical ribs to hold the material. The rollers are driven by hydraulic motors and protected by a properly shaped shield. The mounting of the arms on the frame is by means of support bushes and dowels, which facilitate maintenance operations.
0 sistema de corte situado na zona frontal da máquina é constituído por um conjunto de barras, incluindo a barra oscilante de corte. Este sistema é montado na parte inferior da estrutura e situado por baixo do rolo frontal. A barra oscilante de corte, provida de facas, é accionada por um mecanismo de excêntricos e braços através de motores hidráulicos. Este conjunto de corte guiado por réguas está protegido por um sistema de dentes frontais, com aberturas que permitem o corte de caules. A velocidade de accionamento dos motores hidráulicos será ajustável em função da velocidade de avanço escolhida pelo operador. The cutting system located at the front of the machine consists of a set of bars including the swinging bar. This system is mounted at the bottom of the frame and situated under the front roller. Knife swinging bar is driven by a cam and arm mechanism by hydraulic motors. This ruler-guided cutting set is protected by a front tooth system with openings that allow stem cutting. The driving speed of the hydraulic motors will be adjustable according to the feedrate chosen by the operator.
A vantagem da nova máquina é a de permitir mecanizar o corte de mato e o acondicionamento imediato ao corte (formando-se cordões), permitindo que a biomassa receba um tratamento no local de corte, ficando em condições de ser posteriormente recolhida para produzir um biocombustivel . The advantage of the new machine is that it allows mechanization of bush cutting and immediate wrapping (forming strands), allowing the biomass to be treated at the cutting site, which can then be harvested to produce biofuel. .
Antecedentes da Invenção Background of the Invention
No noroeste da península Ibérica, as áreas de floresta e de terrenos incultos acumulam biomassa resultante do crescimento de um conjunto de arbustos espontâneos nesta região. As espécies mais abundantes são as urzes, os tojos, as giestas, a carqueja e ainda espécies invasoras como as acácias. A biomassa destas plantas, designadas por mato, foi no passado recolhida para produzir um composto para o solo, e também para ser usada como combustível. A recolha que era realizada manualmente foi sendo abandonada e hoje é muito reduzida, resultando na acumulação de mato nas áreas de floresta. Daí resulta um acrescido risco de incêndios florestais, que periodicamente eliminam a biomassa acumulada com prejuízo para a economia e para o ambiente. In the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, areas of forest and uncultivated land accumulate biomass resulting from the growth of a set of spontaneous shrubs in this region. The most abundant species are the heather, gorse, worm, carqueja and even invasive species such as acacia. The biomass of these plants, called bush, has in the past been collected to produce a compost for the soil, and also to be used as fuel. The collection that was done manually was being abandoned and today is very small, resulting in the accumulation of weeds in the forest areas. This results in an increased risk of forest fires, which periodically eliminate accumulated biomass to the detriment of the economy and the environment.
A evolução prevista para o mercado de energia na Europa vai no sentido do crescimento da utilização de biomassa como combustível sólido para produzir calor e electricidade. Em Portugal a política energética também atribuiu um papel à utilização de biocombustíveis para valorização energética, especialmente em centrais termoeléctricas que queimam biomassa florestal residual. Por outro lado tem-se verificado um crescimento acentuado da indústria de produção de biomassa densificada, que pode valorizar melhor alguns tipos de biomassa residual. The projected developments for the energy market in Europe are towards the increased use of biomass as solid fuel to produce heat and electricity. In Portugal's energy policy has also given a role to the use of biofuels for energy recovery, especially in thermal power plants that burn residual forest biomass. On the other hand, there has been a marked growth of the densified biomass production industry, which may better value some types of residual biomass.
0 crescimento do mercado de biomassa para combustível sólido pode vir a tornar economicamente viável a exploração de mato, o que não tem acontecido recentemente. Assim, justifica-se que sejam definidas formas de exploração desta vegetação, que além de terem viabilidade económica sejam ambientalmente sustentáveis. Para conseguir conciliar estes dois propósitos justifica-se a concepção de uma sequência de operações, a realizar com uma máquina especializada, que permitam acondicionar o mato para e facilitar a sua posterior recolha para aproveitamento como biocombustível , optimizando a actividade de extracção de biomassa e reduzindo o impacto ambiental das primeiras etapas da sua produção . Growth in the biomass market for solid fuel may make bush exploitation economically viable, which has not happened recently. Thus, it is justified to define ways of exploitation of this vegetation, which besides having economic viability are environmentally sustainable. In order to reconcile these two purposes, it is justified to design a sequence of operations, to be carried out with a specialized machine, which will allow the bush to be conditioned to facilitate later collection for use as biofuel, optimizing the biomass extraction activity and reducing the environmental impact of the first stages of its production.
0 armazenamento da biomassa realizado nas condições de campo, durante um período adequado, permite que ocorra o envelhecimento da biomassa em resultado da acção combinada de lixiviação, biodegradação e secagem, melhorando as suas características para ser utilizada como combustível. Este processo de envelhecimento da biomassa realizado próximo do local em que foi cortada, também é favorável para manter a fertilidade do solo e possibilitar uma utilização sustentável da floresta. 0 processo de tratamento da biomassa que é proposto e pode ser realizado de modo contínuo com a invenção descrita, vai permitir aumentar a eficiência da exploração de biomassa derivada de arbustos que crescem em áreas florestais, e rentabilizar um recurso que tem sido pouco valorizado por falta de equipamentos específicos adequados ao processo. Storing biomass under field conditions for an appropriate period allows biomass to age as a result of the combined action of leaching, biodegradation and drying, improving its characteristics for use as a fuel. This process of biomass aging carried out near the place where it was cut is also favorable to maintain soil fertility and enable sustainable forest use. The proposed biomass treatment process, which can be carried out continuously with the invention described, will increase the efficiency of biomass extraction from shrubs growing in forest areas, and make a resource that has been undervalued for lack of value. specific equipment appropriate to the process.
Os dispositivos para cortar e recolher plantas herbáceas ou árvores não são adequados para recolher arbustos e pequenas árvores que crescem espontaneamente na floresta. Os dispositivos conhecidos para controlar este tipo de plantas, adaptados a utilização com veículos, provocam o destroçamento das plantas e não facilitam a recolha numa segunda operação. Por outro lado, os dispositivos usados no corte manual não permitem acondicionar a biomassa para ficar armazenada em linhas próximo do local de corte. Alguns destes dispositivos têm sido modificados para cortar arbustos, principalmente realizando o corte com disco rotativo (veja-se os documentos de patente US 2,427,265; US 2,976,665; WO 88/01130; US 3,996,980; US 4,509,315; US 2008098704) ou corte com barra oscilante (veja-se os documentos de patente US000001428H, US2002053140A1, GB690474A, GB191025387A) mas não facilitam a recolha das plantas inteiras e, alguns casos, destinam-se a destroçar a biomassa (como na patente US2004244350A1 ) , e não contemplam utilizações que envolvem recolha das plantas inteiras. Devices for cutting and harvesting herbaceous plants or trees are not suitable for harvesting shrubs and small trees that grow spontaneously in the forest. Known devices for controlling such plants, adapted for use with vehicles, cause the plants to shatter and do not facilitate harvesting in a second operation. On the other hand, devices used for manual cutting do not allow the biomass to be stored in rows near the cutting site. Some of these devices have been modified to cut bushes, mainly by rotary disc cutting (see US Pat. Nos. 2,427,265; US 2,976,665; WO 88/01130; US 3,996,980; US 4,509,315; US 2008098704) (see US000001428H, US2002053140A1, GB690474A, GB191025387A) but do not facilitate the collection of whole plants and, in some cases, are intended to destroy biomass (as in US2004244350A1), and do not contemplate uses involving harvesting. of whole plants.
Descrição das Figuras Description of the Figures
O presente invento é seguidamente descrito em pormenor, sem carácter limitativo e a título exemplificativo, por meio de uma sua forma de realização preferida, representada nos desenhos anexos, nos quais: - a figura 1 é uma representação em perspectiva, esquemática e simplificada, de uma concretização da máquina de acordo com o invento; The present invention is hereinafter described in detail, without limitation and by way of example, by way of a preferred embodiment thereof shown in the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a schematic and simplified perspective representation of an embodiment of the machine according to the invention;
- a figura 2 apresenta uma vista lateral parcialmente em corte da máquina de acordo com a invenção descrita na figura 1.  Figure 2 shows a partially sectioned side view of the machine according to the invention described in Figure 1.
Nas quais se representa:  In which it is represented:
(1) estrutura de suporte;  (1) support structure;
(2) lâminas;  (2) blades;
(3) dentes;  (3) teeth;
(4) barra;  (4) bar;
(5) suporte de corte;  (5) cutting support;
(6) braço;  (6) arm;
(7) suporte;  (7) support;
(8) excêntrico;  (8) eccentric;
(9) motores hidráulicos;  (9) hydraulic motors;
(10) protecção;  (10) protection;
(11) patins laterais;  (11) side skates;
(12) rolo da frente;  (12) front roll;
(13) , (14) m os braços laterais da frente;  (13), (14) are the front side arms;
(15) motor hidráulico (15);  (15) hydraulic motor (15);
(16) antepara;  (16) bulkhead;
(17) resguardo;  (17) guard;
(18) protecção superior;  (18) superior protection;
(19) conjuntos de molas laterais;  (19) side spring assemblies;
(20) duas placas-guia;  (20) two guide plates;
(21) rolo de saída;  (21) output roller;
(22) sistema de dentes centrais do rolo;  (22) roll center teeth system;
(23) filetes laterais helicoidais;  (23) helical side fillets;
(24) e (25) braços laterais de trás;  (24) and (25) rear side arms;
(26) protecção superior;  (26) superior protection;
(27) de motor hidráulico;  (27) hydraulic motor;
(28) barra anterior; (29) barra posterior. (28) front bar; (29) back bar.
Descrição detalhada do invento Detailed Description of the Invention
A estrutura (1) suporta todo o mecanismo de corte por intermédio de parafusos ou parafusos-porcas não representados. Esta estrutura faz a ligação com os equipamentos de fornecimento de energia (principalmente energia hidráulica), sejam tractores agrícolas ou outro tipo de máquinas. A estrutura suporta os elementos de corte, movimentação e acondicionamento. Frame (1) supports the entire cutting mechanism by means of bolts or screw nuts not shown. This structure connects to power supply equipment (mainly hydraulic power), whether agricultural tractors or other machines. The frame supports the cutting, moving and packing elements.
Os caules das plantas a cortar encontram-se em frente da máquina, entram em contacto com os dentes (3) que conduzem para o conjunto de corte constituído por lâminas (2) dispostas lateralmente em linha com espaçamento constante, protegido por um conjunto de dentes (3) em número igual ao das de lâminas de corte. As lâminas de corte estão desenhadas com ângulo de forma a facilitar o corte. Os dentes (3) permitem proteger as lâminas (2) do contacto com pedras de alguma dimensão, e impedir o corte de caules com maior dimensão. Assim o material é mantido em posição vertical entre os dentes para realizar o corte no plano horizontal . The stems of the plants to be cut in front of the machine come into contact with the teeth (3) leading to the cutting assembly consisting of blades (2) arranged laterally in line with constant spacing, protected by a set of teeth. (3) equal to the number of cutting blades. The cutting blades are angled to make cutting easier. The teeth (3) protect the blades (2) from contact with stones of any size and prevent the cutting of larger stems. Thus the material is held upright between the teeth to make the cut in the horizontal plane.
As lâminas (2) estão fixas à barra (4) que está animada de movimento transversal relativamente ao avanço da máquina descrita. A barra (4) é guiada através do suporte de corte (5), fixo à estrutura (1) por um conjunto de parafusos embebidos (não representados) . 0 accionamento da barra (4) com movimento alternado deriva dos motores (9) que accionam o excêntrico (8) ligado ao braço (6) ligado ao suporte (7), por intermédio de cavilha (não representada) , e ligada à barra (4) por intermédio de parafusos (Figura 3) . As ligações entre os casquilhos e cavilhas não foram representadas. Os motores hidráulicos (9) são fixos à estrutura (1) por intermédio de parafusos (não representados), sendo protegidos de impactos pela protecção (10) . Com o movimento alternativo aplicado às lâminas, estas vão de encontro ao mato que se encontra entre os dentes e promovem o corte do material. The blades (2) are fixed to the bar (4) which is animated with transverse movement relative to the advance of the described machine. The bar (4) is guided through the cutting support (5), fixed to the frame (1) by a set of embedded screws (not shown). The actuation of the reciprocating rod (4) derives from the motors (9) which drive the cam (8) connected to the arm (6) connected to the support (7), by means of a pin (not shown) and connected to the bar (4) by means of screws (Figure 3). Connections between bushings and dowels were not shown. The hydraulic motors (9) are fixed to the frame (1) by means of bolts (not shown) and are protected from impact by the shield (10). With the alternative movement applied to the blades, they go against the bush that is between the teeth and promote the cutting of the material.
A altura deste sistema de corte relativamente ao solo pode ser regulada pelo operador do equipamento, e mantida a uma distância fixa do solo por intermédio da regulação dos patins laterais (11), fixos por parafusos (não representados) . The height of this cutting system relative to the ground may be adjusted by the operator of the equipment and maintained at a fixed distance from the ground by adjusting the side skids (11), fixed by screws (not shown).
Na zona da frente, superior ao sistema corte, encontra-se o rolo da frente (12) com dentes que permitam aplicar força para arrastar o material para o interior da estrutura (1) . O rolo frontal (12) está montado sobre apoios montados nos braços laterais da frente (13) e (14) . Assim, o material em contacto com a máquina vai ser puxado para o seu interior, por intermédio dos dentes situados no rolo, facilitando o corte e o avanço da máquina. In the front area, higher than the cutting system, is the front roller (12) with teeth that allow force to be applied to drag the material into the frame (1). The front roller (12) is mounted on mounts mounted on the front side arms (13) and (14). Thus, the material in contact with the machine will be pulled into it by the teeth on the roll, making it easier to cut and advance the machine.
Os braços laterais (13) e (14) que suportam o rolo frente (12) estão montados na estrutura (1), através de apoios laterais e montados sobre casquilhos e cavilhas não representados. O rolo da frente (12) é accionado por intermédio de motor hidráulico (15) suportado no braço direito da frente (13) . Montado nos braços que suportam o rolo da frente existe uma antepara (16) que vai forçar a saída do material que se agarre ao rolo frontal. O sistema de limpeza inclui ainda um resguardo (17) que conduz o material no interior da estrutura. Desta forma, o material é obrigado a deslocar-se para a saída da máquina. O rolo da frente (12) possui ainda uma protecção superior (18) de forma a criar condições de segurança para o operador e evitar acidentes. The side arms (13) and (14) supporting the front roller (12) are mounted on the frame (1) by side supports and mounted on bushes and dowels not shown. The front roller (12) is driven by a hydraulic motor (15) supported on the right front arm (13). Mounted on the arms supporting the front roller is a bulkhead (16) that will force out the material that clings to the front roller. The system The cleaning device further includes a guard (17) which guides the material into the frame. In this way, the material is forced to move to the exit of the machine. The front roller (12) also has an upper guard (18) to create safe conditions for the operator and to avoid accidents.
O sistema móvel do rolo da frente (12) está amortecido no seu movimento por intermédio de dois conjuntos de molas laterais (19) . Este conjunto aumenta a força de contacto do rolo com o material que entrou na máquina e é pressionado contra a base da estrutura (1); o contacto do rolo com a base é impedido por um batente na estrutura (1) . The movable front roller system (12) is damped in its movement by two sets of side springs (19). This assembly increases the contact force of the roll with the material entering the machine and is pressed against the base of the frame (1); Roller contact with the base is prevented by a stop on the frame (1).
O material uma vez dentro da estrutura é guiado lateralmente até à sua saída por intermédio de duas placas- guia (20), estas placas tem ainda como função proteger a estrutura base (1) de desgaste, servindo de elementos de substituição, estando fixas por parafusos à estrutura (não representados) . The material once inside the structure is laterally guided to its exit by means of two guide plates (20), these plates also have the function to protect the base structure (1) from wear, being used as replacement elements, being fixed by screws to the frame (not shown).
O rolo de saída (21) permite a saída do material com o acondicionamento desejado (em cordões). No caso representado o acondicionamento é central mas poderá ser lateral esquerdo, ou lateral direito, com a mera alteração do rolo. O rolo é constituído por um sistema de dentes centrais (22) e dois filetes laterais helicoidais (23), com sentidos inversos que permitem juntar e entrelaçar o material ao centro do rolo. The exit roller (21) allows the material to be output with the desired packing (in strings). In the case shown the packaging is central but may be left lateral or right lateral, with the mere alteration of the roll. The roll consists of a central tooth system (22) and two helical side threads (23), with reverse directions that allow the material to be joined and interlaced to the center of the roll.
O rolo de saída (21) está montado sobre dois apoios nos braços laterais de trás (24) e (25), que permitem mobilidade vertical. Os braços (24) e (25) estão montados The output roller (21) is mounted on two supports in the rear side arms (24) and (25), which allow vertical mobility. The arms 24 and 25 are mounted

Claims

na estrutura (1) por intermédio de casquilhos e cavilhas (não representados) . 0 rolo é accionado por um motor hidráulico (27), com velocidade regulada. 0 material ao encontrar o rolo de saída é puxado ao centro e arrastado nas laterais para o centro formando uma fila de material, facilitando a sua recolha para utilizações futuras. in the structure (1) by means of bushings and pins (not shown). The roller is driven by a hydraulic motor (27), with regulated speed. When the material finds the output roller, it is pulled to the center and dragged along the sides towards the center, forming a queue of material, facilitating its collection for future use.
A mobilidade vertical do rolo de saída (21) é garantida e limitada pelo conjunto de molas (19) integradas nos braços (24,25) da retaguarda, garantindo o contacto do rolo com o material lenhoso aquando da saída, permitindo a sua remoção com compactação. The vertical mobility of the exit roller (21) is guaranteed and limited by the set of springs (19) integrated in the arms (24,25) at the rear, ensuring the contact of the roller with the woody material upon exit, allowing its removal with ease. compression.
O rolo posterior (21) possui protecção superior (26) garantindo as condições de segurança em funcionamento. A máquina possui ainda barra anterior (28) e barra posterior (29), para fixação da protecção superior (26) e garantindo rigidez aos baços do equipamento. The rear roller (21) has superior protection (26) ensuring safe operating conditions. The machine also has a front bar (28) and a rear bar (29), for fixing the upper protection (26) and guaranteeing rigidity to the equipment's arms.
Esta máquina pode ter várias modificações, nomeadamente no respeitante à dimensão e velocidade dos rolos, ao tamanho e tipo dos dentes dos rolos, às dimensões e ângulo da lâmina de corte, bem como utilizar diferentes potências de accionamento e ser variada a força exercida para o corte e acondicionamento do material. This machine can have several modifications, particularly with regard to the size and speed of the rollers, the size and type of roller teeth, the dimensions and angle of the cutting blade, as well as using different drive powers and varying the force exerted for the cutting and packaging the material.
A posição de funcionamento relativamente ao solo será determinada pela ligação ao veículo, podendo existir diferentes métodos de fixação para vários tipos de veículos. A alteração de todos estes parâmetros permite a adaptação desta máquina a vários tipos e dimensões de arbustos . REIVINDICAÇÕES The operating position in relation to the ground will be determined by the connection to the vehicle, and there may be different fixing methods for different types of vehicles. Changing all these parameters allows this machine to be adapted to various types and dimensions of bushes. CLAIMS
Máquina destinada ao corte e acondicionamento em continuo de plantas lenhosas caracterizada por: Machine designed for continuous cutting and packaging of woody plants characterized by:
- possuir uma estrutura de suporte (1) que faz a ligação com o tractor agrícola ou outra máquina adequada; - have a support structure (1) that connects with the agricultural tractor or other suitable machine;
- possuir um dispositivo para cortar os caules que se encontram em toda a largura na frente desta, pelo contacto com os dentes (3) que conduzem o material lenhoso para o conjunto de corte constituído por lâminas (2) dispostas lateralmente, em linha, com espaçamento constante ; - have a device to cut the stems that are located across the entire width in front of it, by contact with the teeth (3) that guide the woody material to the cutting assembly made up of blades (2) arranged laterally, in line, with constant spacing;
- o referido conjunto de corte estando protegido por um conjunto de dentes (3) em número igual ao das de lâminas de corte e em que, na zona da frente, por cima do referido conjunto de corte, encontra-se o rolo da frente (12) com dentes que permitem aplicar força para arrastar o material lenhoso para o interior da estrutura (1); - said cutting assembly being protected by a set of teeth (3) equal in number to the cutting blades and in which, in the front area, above said cutting assembly, there is the front roller ( 12) with teeth that allow force to be applied to drag the woody material into the structure (1);
compreendendo ainda um rolo de saída (21) montado em braços (24,25) que permite a saída do material com o acondicionamento desejado em cordões ou seja, com a disposição adequada para a posterior apanha das plantas inteiras. further comprising an exit roller (21) mounted on arms (24,25) that allows the material to exit with the desired packaging in strings, that is, with the appropriate arrangement for subsequent collection of the entire plants.
Máquina de acordo com a reivindicação 1 caracterizada por as lâminas de corte (2) estarem desenhadas de forma a facilitar o corte, e os dentes (3) permitirem proteger as lâminas Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the cutting blades (2) are designed to facilitate cutting, and the teeth (3) allow the blades to be protected
(2) do contacto com pedras, e impedir o corte de caules com maior dimensão, e assim o material é mantido em posição vertical entre os dentes para o corte no plano horizontal. (2) from contact with stones, and prevent the cutting of larger stems, and thus the material is held in a vertical position between the teeth for cutting in the horizontal plane.
3. Máquina de acordo com a reivindicação 1 caracterizada por as lâminas (2) estarem fixas à barra (4) que está animada de movimento transversal relativamente ao avanço da máquina, e em que a barra (4) é guiada através do suporte de corte (5), fixo à estrutura (1) sendo o accionamento da barra (4) feito com movimento alternado, conseguido por acção do braço (6) ligado ao suporte (7), com um excêntrico (8) accionado por motores hidráulicos de elevada rotação (9) . 3. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the blades (2) are fixed to the bar (4) which is animated by transverse movement relative to the advance of the machine, and in which the bar (4) is guided through the cutting support (5), fixed to the structure (1) and the bar (4) is activated with alternating movement, achieved by the action of the arm (6) connected to the support (7), with an eccentric (8) driven by high-performance hydraulic motors. rotation (9) .
4. Máquina de acordo com a reivindicação 1 caracterizada por a altura deste sistema de corte relativamente ao solo poder ser regulada pelo operador da máquina, e mantida a uma distância fixa do solo por intermédio da regulação dos patins laterais (11), fixos por parafusos . 4. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the height of this cutting system in relation to the ground can be adjusted by the machine operator, and maintained at a fixed distance from the ground by adjusting the side skids (11), fixed by screws .
5. Máquina de acordo com a reivindicação 1 caracterizado por o rolo frontal (12) estar montado sobre apoios montados nos braços laterais da frente (13,14) e assim o material lenhoso em contacto com a máquina vai ser puxado para o seu interior, por intermédio dos dentes situados no rolo, facilitando o corte e o avanço da máquina . 5. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the front roller (12) is mounted on supports mounted on the front side arms (13,14) and thus the woody material in contact with the machine will be pulled into it, through the teeth located on the roller, facilitating cutting and advancing the machine.
6. Máquina de acordo com a reivindicação 1 caracterizado por os braços laterais (13) e (14) que suportam o rolo frente (12) estarem montados na estrutura (1), através de apoios laterais, e montados sobre casquilhos e cavilhas, e o rolo da frente (12) ser accionado por intermédio de um motor hidráulico (15) suportado no braço direito da frente (13) . 6. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the side arms (13) and (14) that support the front roller (12) are mounted on the structure (1), through side supports, and mounted on bushings and pins, and the front roller (12) will be driven by through a hydraulic motor (15) supported on the front right arm (13).
7. Máquina de acordo com a reivindicação 6 caracterizado por os braços laterais (13) e (14) suportarem uma antepara dentada (16) que impede que o material adira ao rolo frontal e um resguardo (17) que orienta o material puxado pelo rolo frontal na direcção do rolo de saída 7. Machine according to claim 6, characterized in that the side arms (13) and (14) support a toothed screen (16) that prevents the material from adhering to the front roller and a guard (17) that guides the material pulled by the roller front towards the output roller
8. Máquina de acordo com a reivindicação 6 caracterizado por o sistema móvel do rolo da frente (12) estar limitado no seu movimento por intermédio de dois conjuntos de molas laterais (19). 8. Machine according to claim 6, characterized in that the mobile system of the front roller (12) is limited in its movement by means of two sets of lateral springs (19).
9. Máquina de acordo com a reivindicação 1 caracterizada por o rolo de saída (12) ser constituído por um sistema de dentes centrais (22), e dois filetes laterais helicoidais (23), com sentidos inversos que permitem juntar e entrelaçar o material no centro do rolo . 9. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the output roller (12) is made up of a system of central teeth (22), and two helical lateral fillets (23), with opposite directions that allow the material to be joined and intertwined in the center of the roll.
10. Máquina de acordo com a reivindicação 1 caracterizada por o rolo de saída (21) estar montado sobre dois apoios nos braços laterais de trás (24) e (25), que permitem mobilidade vertical, e os braços (24) e (25) estarem montados na estrutura (1), e ainda por o accionamento do rolo ser feito por um motor hidráulico (27) . 10. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the output roller (21) is mounted on two supports on the rear side arms (24) and (25), which allow vertical mobility, and the arms (24) and (25 ) are mounted on the structure (1), and also because the roller is driven by a hydraulic motor (27).
11. Máquina de acordo com a reivindicação 9 caracterizada por a mobilidade vertical do rolo de saída (21) ser garantida e limitada pelo conjunto de molas (19) integradas nos braços (24,25) da retaguarda, garantindo o contacto do rolo com o material aquando da saída do material cortado, permitindo a sua remoção com compactação e acomodação. 11. Machine according to claim 9, characterized in that the vertical mobility of the output roller (21) is guaranteed and limited by the set of springs (19) integrated into the rear arms (24,25), guaranteeing contact between the roller and the material when the cut material comes out, allowing its removal with compaction and accommodation.
12. Máquina de acordo com as reivindicações 9 - 10 caracterizada por o rolo da retaguarda (21) possuir uma protecção superior (26) que orienta a saída do material e garante as condições de segurança em funcionamento . 12. Machine according to claims 9 - 10 characterized in that the rear roller (21) has an upper protection (26) that guides the exit of the material and guarantees safe operating conditions.
PCT/IB2010/055694 2010-09-24 2010-12-09 Machine for continuously cutting woody plants WO2012038787A1 (en)

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PT10530610A PT105306B (en) 2010-09-24 2010-09-24 MACHINE FOR THE CONTINUOUS CUTTING OF FLAXY PLANTS
PT105306 2010-09-24

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US20180328470A1 (en) * 2017-05-12 2018-11-15 Deere & Company Roll Gap Adjust Mechanism
US10710089B2 (en) 2014-09-11 2020-07-14 Henry Johnson System and method for the comminution and harvesting of trees and brush type vegetation

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GB690474A (en) 1952-01-31 1953-04-22 Charles Irving Wilson Improvements in or relating to apparatus for cutting hedges, grass, and the like
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US20020053140A1 (en) 2000-11-08 2002-05-09 Thomas Stark Eccentric drive including an eccentric drive for a portable handheld work apparatus
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WO2010034116A1 (en) * 2008-09-23 2010-04-01 Daniel Gaudreault Apparatus and method for brush cutting and baling wood chips formed during land clearing activities

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB191025387A (en) 1910-11-01 1911-02-02 James Yate Johnson Improvements in Cutting, or Shearing, Apparatus, for use for Trimming Hedges and the like.
US2427265A (en) 1943-12-03 1947-09-09 Henry C Dreischerf Rotary hedge trimmer
GB690474A (en) 1952-01-31 1953-04-22 Charles Irving Wilson Improvements in or relating to apparatus for cutting hedges, grass, and the like
US2976665A (en) 1959-07-14 1961-03-28 Clifford H Speckman Rotary mower
US3996980A (en) 1974-12-09 1976-12-14 Kyosti Pallari Clearing machine for brushwood
US4509315A (en) 1983-11-28 1985-04-09 Noelli Giguere Bushwood mowing apparatus
US4720965A (en) * 1985-05-20 1988-01-26 Technion Research & Development Foundation Ltd. Equipment for producing compacted wafers from plants and stalks
WO1988001130A1 (en) 1986-08-19 1988-02-25 Willy Torsten Filip Nyman Mobile device for cutting slim-trunked vegetation, such as thicket, bush vegetation, juvenile forest, energy forest, bamboo, reed etc.
WO1997023125A1 (en) * 1995-12-22 1997-07-03 Kverneland A/S Whole crop harvesting
US20020053140A1 (en) 2000-11-08 2002-05-09 Thomas Stark Eccentric drive including an eccentric drive for a portable handheld work apparatus
US20040244350A1 (en) 2003-06-04 2004-12-09 Loftness Specialized Equipment, Inc. Tree cutting attachment for skid loader
US20080098704A1 (en) 2006-10-31 2008-05-01 Sas Dairon Plant clearing-grinding device
WO2010034116A1 (en) * 2008-09-23 2010-04-01 Daniel Gaudreault Apparatus and method for brush cutting and baling wood chips formed during land clearing activities

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10710089B2 (en) 2014-09-11 2020-07-14 Henry Johnson System and method for the comminution and harvesting of trees and brush type vegetation
US20180328470A1 (en) * 2017-05-12 2018-11-15 Deere & Company Roll Gap Adjust Mechanism
US10801592B2 (en) * 2017-05-12 2020-10-13 Deere & Company Roll gap adjust mechanism
US11248688B2 (en) 2017-05-12 2022-02-15 Deere & Company Roll gap adjust mechanism
US11248687B2 (en) 2017-05-12 2022-02-15 Deere & Company Roll gap adjust mechanism

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