WO2006082109A1

WO2006082109A1 - Method, installation and device for separating and/or classifying substance mixtures that consist of materials in the form of granules, fine granules, fine grains and/or powders

Info

Publication number: WO2006082109A1
Application number: PCT/EP2006/001074
Authority: WO
Inventors: Andreas Reitmeir
Original assignee: Andreas Reitmeir
Priority date: 2005-02-07
Filing date: 2006-02-07
Publication date: 2006-08-10

Abstract

The invention relates to a method, an installation and a device for separating substance mixtures that consist of materials in the form of granules, fine granules and/or powders and that are obtained in thermal processes during combustion of solid fuels in power plants as flue ashes or in non-thermal processes during comminution of minerals such as ores, colored pigment-containing minerals or active substances or fillers for drugs. The installation according to the invention is a modular installation for separating and/or classifying materials in the form of granules, fine granules and/or powders. The inventive installation comprises a collector module, a separation and/or classification module in the form of a jolting or vibratory device having a conduit, a supplementary module in the form of an electrostatic or electromagnetic separation device and the like and a collector and discharge module for the fractions obtained. The inventive jolting or vibratory device having a conduit is detachably mounted on a table-type support. The geometric shape of the conduit is adapted to the material to be separated. The jolting or vibratory motion is caused by an eccentric drive or unbalance motor that acts upon the table-type support. The device is equipped with feed and discharge elements and is enclosed in a housing.

Description

Method, plant and apparatus for separating and / or classifying mixtures of granular, fine-particle, fine-grained and / or dust-like materials

The invention relates to a method, a system and an apparatus for separating and / or classifying mixtures of substances consisting of granular, fine-particle, fine-grained and / or dust-like materials. According to the invention, in particular flyashes which are produced during the combustion of fossil fuels in power plants, cement works or sinter plants are treated. Furthermore, the teaching of the invention extends to the treatment of comminuted fossil solid fuels such as hard coal by separating and / or classifying. With this technology according to the invention, it is also possible to prepare other comminuted substance mixtures such as coal coke, ores such as oxidic iron ores, minerals such as gypsum rock, minerals containing pigments for dyes or active ingredients and excipients for pharmaceuticals, for example in tablet form. The invention can thus be used for separating recyclables from different mixtures. A further advantage achieved by the invention is that homogeneous and / or inhomogeneous mixtures of substances can be separated and / or classified in a surprisingly simple manner depending on the proportion of recyclable material and also on particle size fractions or classes. The classification option according to the invention replaces expensive and wear-prone screening devices, centrifugal separators, air classifiers and the like.

Fly ashes occur mainly in the burning of solid fuels such as hard coal and lignite in thermal power plants, cement plants or ore sintering plants. The flyashes typically consist of an ash portion and a relatively high proportion of unburned carbon. In view of the requirement to conserve resources, the share of carbon must be separated from the ash fraction, so that it can be used, for example, standing as a fuel can be made available again. As a result, a full utilization of the fuel used is achieved. Waste incineration plants may also incur recyclable substances which are discharged with the exhaust gas stream. The flyashes are discharged as particulate, granular, particulate and dusty solid residues with the exhaust gas flow and thus burden the environment. To avoid these emissions, these pollutants are separated. The prior art includes the wet separation of fly ash in settling tanks, the sedimented fly ash material is used after drying in powder form as an aggregate for the production of building materials. Furthermore, the dry separation of the solid particles contained in the flue gas, for example, using filter systems is known. The electrostatic precipitated fly ash in electrostatic precipitators, in particular the hard coal fly ash, consists essentially of fine-grained carbon granules, silicate-containing Hohlkugelförrnigen granules, the so-called ceno or microspheres, and finest, essentially mineral dusts. In waste incineration, the flue gases also contain separable metals, salts and other solids. So far, these substances are processed without further differentiation and selection or disposed of in landfills. In the mining of coal and its subsequent comminution, for example, for the production of coke also fall on large quantities of fine coal and coal dust, which are to be included for environmental reasons and can be supplied for example by the separation and classification possibilities created by the invention of a further specific use. Even when sintering ores using coke breeze, the exhaust gas flow also carries large amounts of granular, fine-particle and dust-like substances with a high proportion of valuable material, which can be treated according to the invention. The invention also addresses immission problems encountered in crushing and grinding ores and minerals.

The particle size of the flyashes ranges from about 1 micron to about 1 mm. Incidentally, the composition of the flyashes depends on the fuel used. The hard coal fly ash and the ashes from cement works contain valuable mineral resources, which are still usable in the construction industry in particular. Nonetheless, a large proportion of flyashes are sent to landfills worldwide or used as backfill or packaging material in underground mining. So far, there is no selective separation of flyashes after a carbon fraction, further valuable fractions, in particular a recyclable fraction consisting of ceno or microspheres, as well as a dust fraction.

It is an object of the invention to prepare mixtures which are formed during thermal and non-thermal processes, in a physical and dry way. Recycled material fractions should be separated from the substance mixtures. The added value of fractions should be increased by classifying. In particular, the resulting in the combustion of solid fossil fuels such as hard coal and deposited as hard coal fly ash granular and dusty residues are to be separated. The hard coal fly ash consists essentially of carbon granules, ceno- or microspherical silicate-containing hollow spheres and mineral dust. These components are to be treated according to the invention for the purpose of further use. In the task according to the invention flyashes are included, which arise in thermal processes such as flue gas desulfurization or the sintering of crushed ores such as iron and copper ores. The task of the invention also includes the treatment of disintegrated ores, minerals or rocks which occur during non-thermal processes during crushing and / or grinding. Furthermore, according to the invention, the materials for the powder metallurgy to be optimized. As a rule, high-quality fine-grained and / or dust-like metals and metal compounds or other chemical compounds in metered quantities are required there for the production of special products with a certain spatial form and outstanding properties. Also generated in the chemical industry and in waste incineration process fly ash u. Other solid mixtures are within the scope of the invention Wertstbesschließ. Finally, according to the invention, homogeneous and / or inhomogeneous mixtures of substances should be prepared according to their qualitative and quantitative nature, in particular according to different particle sizes. These include, for example, fine-grained and / or powdered color pigments or active ingredients together with additives for pharmaceuticals and builders. The stated fields of application in the foreground do not limit the invention to relevant embodiments; because the invention is generally intended for the selective or differentiated preparation or reprocessing of granular, fine-fracture and / or dust-like mixtures. This object is achieved with the procedural features of claim 1, the system technical features of claim 10 and the device-technical features of claim 14 for separating and / or classifying mixtures of granular, fine-grained, fine-fracture and / or dust-like materials. The subclaims 2 to 9 relating to the method, subclaims 11 to 13 relating to the appendix and subclaims 15 to 23 relating to the vibrating or vibrating device further shape the invention.

The invention encompasses a method, a plant and an apparatus for separating and / or classifying mixtures of granular, fine-particle, fine-grained and / or dust-like materials which are produced during thermal and non-thermal processes. The separation or classification takes place in a vibrating or vibrating device according to the invention which has a groove. The channel consists of angularly arranged separation and boundary surfaces that meet in a gutter deepest. The substance mixture which is fed onto the separation surface of the channel and which may consist of granulate, fine grain, fine particle and / or dust-like materials is transported in the direction of the request side as a result of a vibration or vibration movement acting on the channel. It should be noted, surprisingly, that the dust content of the starting material mixture moves to the upper edge of the separation surface, while the granulate, fine grain and / or fine fraction fraction is oriented towards the bottom of the gutter. In this way, a dust fraction and a mixed fraction of granular, fine-grained or finely broken materials is obtained. Both fractions are carried away separately. In this connection, reference should be made to FIG. 19, in which this separation or classification process is illustrated.

The thermal processes include, in particular, the operation of power plants, cement plants and ore sintering plants. This is where fly ashes occur when firing coal and / or coke as well as heating and reducing ores with coke breeze on sintered beds. These fly ash are discharged with the exhaust stream and processed according to the invention. The preparation of the fly ash according to the recyclables is done by shaking or vibration on an angle profile trough. The non-thermal processes include treatment of ores such as iron ores or minerals such as gypsum by crushing and / or grinding. The material resulting from the crushing of iron ores must be prepared by separation and / or classifying for ore sintering. The crushing of ores and analogous processing is required for ore pelletizing or powder metallurgy. The separation of ore dust is achieved by a shaking or vibrating motion on a gutter. The ore dust is separated from the fine fractions of the ore. Both precursors can be considered for powder metallurgy or pelleting. In all these cases, fine-grained and dusty solid particles can be released. For reasons of environmental protection and because of the high proportion of recyclables, these substances must be collected and processed accordingly. The invention thus also extends to the resulting in the non-thermal mineral processing Erzfeinbruch and ore dust and possibly also on the aggregates. Minerals are rarely found in nature with high purity. A targeted mineral yield is usually only by crushing these substances to achieve. Both the bulk of the comminuted material as well as the discharged into the environment dust and fine fracture can be separated and / or classified according to the invention. According to one exemplary embodiment of the invention, gypsum rock is usually crushed for reasons of transport and with regard to its use in the building material industry. The resulting fine-grained Good inevitably has a relatively high dust content, which can be separated according to the invention of the Fembruch by shaking or vibration.

The advantage achieved by the invention can be demonstrated in the application of the treatment of hard coal fly ash. So far, hard coal fly ash has been used undifferentiated as a cement aggregate. According to the invention, however, only the low-carbon dust content is optimally used as cement aggregate. By shaking or vibration of hard coal fly ash, the dust content, which consists essentially of dust-like mineral components, of the fine grain fraction, which consists essentially of carbonaceous and ceno- or microspherical components separated. The use of the dust fraction as a concrete aggregate therefore leads to an abrupt improvement in the quality of the concrete, because the set concrete is characterized by high density over the entire cross section and by the complete embedding of the steel reinforcements, which are usually used as concrete objects. be used. The extreme reduction of the pore volume and the avoidance of the introduction of carbonaceous and ceno- or microspherical components into the concrete mass prevent the penetration of moisture and water into the hardened concrete body and the rusting of the steel reinforcements. The further processing of the fine grain content of the fly ash takes place by electrostatic means by using the different conductivities of the components of the fine grain fraction. The carbonaceous components are electrically conductive and are attracted to the counterelectrode. In this way, their separation from the ceno or microspherical components takes place. The carbonaceous components are fed to the thermal process as fuels. The separated, electrically non-conductive ceno or mikrosphäirschen components can be used, for example, as aggregates for lightweight concrete production. Another advantage achieved by the invention results from the comparison of known separation methods for the preparation of fly ash. Classifying large throughputs by sieving or sifting would require very large screen areas. If the classification performance is supported by ultrasonic vibrators on the screen surface, a substantial destruction of the fragile carbonaceous particles, which fall into the ash content and thus lost as fuel. While in this application sieves are exposed to strong abrasive wear, the gutter profiles according to the invention are only subjected to wear to a limited extent when separating fly ashes by shaking or vibration

Another embodiment of the invention relates to sintered metallurgy. In the sintering of crushed oxidic or sulfidic ores, the fuel used, such as coke breeze, serves both for heating and for reducing the ores to the metal stage. With the passing through the sintered bed combustion air and the resulting exhaust stream also fine-grained and dust-like carbonaceous, non-reduced and / or pre-reduced ore particles and / or metal particles are discharged, which must be deposited for environmental reasons. A return of these solid particles in the sintering process would only lead to an increased burden of the exhaust gas flow with these fine-grained and dust-like materials. In the case of a high proportion of iron in the sintered fly ash, it is first subjected to an electromagnetic separation process in order to remove the electromagnetically influenced iron-containing constituents. to separate. The remaining mixture of substances is processed analogous to hard coal fly ash.

The process according to the invention is also applicable to the preparation of fine-grained and dust-like solid particles which are formed in non-thermal processes such as the breaking and / or grinding of ores or rocks and are carried out with the ambient air. These include, for example, the crushing and grinding of iron ores for the purpose of subsequent pelleting or the corresponding treatment of metals or metal compounds for their powder metallurgical use. The treatment of gypsum for the production of plasterboard panels for the building materials industry relates to a further specific application of the invention. The products resulting from these treatment methods can be classified according to the invention by shaking or vibration according to certain fine grain classes up to the dust class. In an analogous manner, color pigments or active pharmaceutical ingredients together with additives can be classified. Also comminuted coke can be classified according to the method of the invention according to certain particle size ranges, which can be blown example, depending on the metallurgical objective in the annulus of a blast furnace with the combustion air.

The system of the invention is modular. According to one embodiment of the invention, it comprises a filter device arranged in a smoke or exhaust gas chimney, in particular an electric filter device with a collecting bunker, a downstream vibrating or vibration device using at least one angular channel profile according to the invention for separating the fly ash into a fine grain fraction and into a dust fraction and optionally an electrostatic separation device for further separating the fine grain fraction into an electrically conductive and an electrically non-conductive subtraction. The equipment of the facility also includes a chemical and physical laboratory to determine the chemical composition, physical properties and spatial characteristics of the flyash particles. In the case of the use of hard coal fly ash is carried out in a single operation by means of vibrating or vibrating device according to the invention, a separation into a fine grain mixed fraction, which consists essentially of carbon granules and ceno- or microsphere silicate-containing hollow spheres, and into a dust fraction, the substantially powdery mi contains neseral ingredients. The separation of fly ash, which accumulates in the sintering of ores, in particular oxidic iron ores, by means of coke breeze, can also be carried out in a vibrating or vibrating device according to the invention. Because the sinter fly ash consists of fine-grained particles of matter, which are composed of a carbonaceous and orogenous, pre-reduced orogenous and / or metallic mixed fraction and a dust fraction. The electromagnetically influenced iron-containing material particles can be separated in advance with an electromagnet. The remaining mixed fraction can be separated in advance by the downstream shaking or vibration process on at least one channel from a Winkelpro fil in a dust fraction and a dust-free mixed fraction of carbon granules and ceno- or microsphere silicate-containing hollow beads. The dust-free mixed fraction can be separated by means of a downstream electrostatic separation device into a fine-grained, electrically chargeable carbon fraction and into an electrically non-chargeable fraction of ceno- or microspherical silicate-containing hollow spheres. Consequently, with the invention, the treatment technology is suddenly enriched.

The planned plant technical facilities are partly based on the previous thermal and non-thermal processes, partly they take into account the analyzes and quality determinations of the starting, intermediate and end products.

The vibrating or vibrating device according to the invention comprises at least one channel which is arranged on a flat table-shaped support or a table. At the bottom of the table-shaped support in the corner areas resilient, adjustable in the inclination to the vertical handlebars are attached. The handlebars are releasably secured parallelogram on a base plate. On the underside of the table-shaped support a Rüttelstange is further articulated, which is connected for example via an eccentric disc with a drive motor. The drive motor is mounted on a base plate. Instead of the eccentric arrangement, for example, at least one unbalance motor can be provided. The groove is angled, preferably designed as unequal angle. The gutter lies with the vertex edge on the table-shaped support and is adjustable in the inclination to the vertical. The gutter surfaces extending laterally from the short and long limbs of the gutter profile are supported on respective consoles on or at the end-side unwinding. At each end of the gutter profus a side wall is provided. The supply of the material to be separated and / or to be classified takes place via one of the side walls, while the discharge of the separated or classified fractions takes place via the other or opposite side wall. The intended for the material supply side wall has in the region of one or the long leg of the channel an opening for the introduction of the material to be separated and / or to be classified. The gutter surface emanating from this leg of the gutter profile serves to separate or classify the introduced material and is consequently referred to as a separation surface. The gutter surface emanating from the other or short leg of the gutter profile essentially serves the spatial gutter boundary and the collection of the part of the discontinued separation material, which is not conveyed away via the separation surface. The related gutter surface is referred to as a boundary surface. According to one embodiment of the invention, the groove-deepest may be formed into a widened, substantially flat bottom. Under the influence of the vibration or vibration movement of the table-shaped support, the introduced substance mixture, such as fly ash, is separated into a fine grain and a dust component. In this case, the dust content is conveyed by the vibration or vibration movement acting in the discharge direction in the direction of the upper region of the separation surface up to the delivery edge. In contrast, the dust-free fine grain content is concentrated in the gutter deep and moved in Abförderrichtung.

On the order-side side wall of the vibrating or vibrating trough is a shaft-shaped magazine for receiving and continuously feeding the mixture, e.g. Fly ash provided on the separation surface. The magazine has at least one feed opening at the level of the upper area of the separation area. The magazine can be shaft-shaped as a tubular or square hollow profile. The feed opening can be designed, for example, with a round, oval, square, slot-shaped or rectangular cross-section. According to a further embodiment, the shaft-shaped magazine may be formed, for example, with a U-profile arranged on the outside of the application-side side wall.

On the outside of the discharge-side side wall of the gutter, a vertical discharge duct, possibly consisting of two parallel vertical chambers, is provided. At the height level of the discharge edge, a discharge opening is provided in the discharge side wall provided, via which the dust fraction is requested via a vertical chamber of Abförderschach- tes in a separate collection device. For the fine grain fraction moved in the gutter deepest to the discharge end wall, at least one discharge opening is also provided at this height level, which opens into the other vertical chamber of the discharge shaft. Instead of a discharge chute with two chambers, two separate vertical chambers can be provided. In this way, the fine grain fraction is required in a separate collection device.

The separation of a substance mixture such as fly ash into a fine grain fraction and a dust fraction can be influenced by additional adjustment possibilities of the gutter. First, with the help of the motor drive, the frequency and the amplitude of the channel, tuned to the separation or Klassierungsgut be set to increase performance. Furthermore, the channel, which is arranged on the table-shaped support, can be designed to be vertically pivotable. For this purpose, the vertex edge of the channel is arranged articulated on the table-shaped support. Furthermore, the channel can be arranged to be pivotable on the table-shaped support horizontally to its longitudinal axis. Another possibility of emptying is the use of angle profiles with different internal angles between the two legs. In this case, for example, prefabricated gutters are provided with different internal angles, which are tailored to the substance mixtures to be separated and classified. The two legs of the channel can also be connected to each other via a hinge which allows an adjustment of the inner angle. The separation target can also be optimized by the inclination of the arranged between the table-shaped support and the bottom plate arm, which form a parallelogram in this arrangement system. By changing the point of attack of the motor vibration or vibration drive on the underside of the table-shaped support, the separation effect can be further improved. The channel according to the invention thus has, depending on the chemical composition, the physical properties and the spatial condition of the material to be separated and / or to be classified a variety of settings, in the sense of a combination to optimize the separation quality and the separation speed, combined with a significant increase in material throughput contributes. The process measures according to the invention, the equipment and the vibrating or vibrating devices are mutually dependent on each other in view of the wide range of suitable starting materials and are therefore to be understood as a combination. The achievable with the vibrating or vibrating trough invention economic success can be optimized by taking into account the analysis results and conditional determinations of the starting, intermediate and final products and the operation of the vibrating or vibrating devices. A parallel connection of the channels possibly with the formation of channel stack contributes to a further increase in performance achievable with the invention.

FIG. 1 relates to the treatment of mixtures of materials resulting from thermal processes and discharged with the exhaust gas stream. According to the exemplary embodiment of the invention, the hard coal fly ash a produced during the operation of combustion power plants with hard coal is treated in a differentiated manner in four special process stages A to D, whereby an almost complete utilization of the hard coal fly ash is achieved.

The method according to the invention will be explained in more detail in connection with the drawings on the basis of exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 1 to 6. The embodiments include combinations according to the invention, in which the targeted collecting with A of the starting materials a to f, the differentiated separating and / or classifying the intermediate and end products al, etc. with B and optionally with a supplementary module C and the final collecting together with provision for End users with D of the respective end or intermediate al, etc. are designated.

A first process stage Aa involves the separation of the hard coal fly ash from the exhaust gas flow by means of an electrostatic precipitator. The composition of hard coal fly ash depends on the input materials and the operating conditions in the combustion power plant. Thereafter, the fine grain particles and dust particles of hard coal fly ash are chemically analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. In addition, the physical properties and the relevant properties of the solid particles, such as electrostatic influence, are detected. The hard coal fly ash a consists essentially of fine-grained carbon granules and hollow-spherical, siliceous granules. th, the ceno or microspheres, with a particle size of typically> 30 to 50 microns, and the finest, essentially mineral dust particles with a particle size of typically <30 microns. The further procedure is based on the established characteristics of hard coal fly ash a. However, the invention is not limited to these grain size data, as these are influenced by many, not part of the invention combustion parameters and the type of combustion power plants. A second process stage Ba comprises the dry mechanical separation of hard coal fly ash a by shaking or vibration on at least one channel in a dust fraction al, consisting essentially of mineral dust particles, and in a fine grain fraction a2, consisting of the above-mentioned carbon granules and ceno- or microspherical silicate-containing Hollow chicks. The dust fraction al leaves the process as a finished product or salable intermediate CaI, for example, as an aggregate for the building materials industry. A third process stage Ca2 comprises the electrostatic separation of the dust-free fine-grain fraction a2 after an electrically conductive subtraction a3, consisting of carbon granules, and a further electrically non-conductive subtraction a4, consisting of ceno- or microspherical silicate-containing hollow spheres. A fourth process stage Da involves the separate collection and distribution of the subtractions a3 and a4. The subtraction a3 consisting of carbon granules is recycled as recycling material Da3 into the thermal process or the combustion power plant. The subtraction a4 consisting of ceno- or microspherical silicate-containing hollow beads is used, for example, as aggregate Da4 for the production of lightweight concrete.

FIG. 2 shows a complete reprocessing of the REA fly ash b occurring in the dry flue gas desulphurisation of power plants, the so-called REA process. Crushed hard coal, containing on average 1.5% sulfur, is blown into the combustion chamber of the power plant along with limestone powder. The sulfur dioxide produced during combustion is chemically bound to calcium sulfate, ie gypsum. In a first process stage Ab, the substance mixture b discharged with the exhaust gas stream, which consists essentially of fine-grained carbon and gypsum particles and ceno- or microspherical silicate-containing hollow beads and dust, is deposited by means of electrostatically or mechanically operating filters. In the second process stage Bb is first separated from this mixture b by shaking or vibration on at least one channel a dust fraction bl. The dust fraction bl is Collects and leaves the process as a finished product or salable intermediate Cb 1 or expires the disposal, for example, in a landfill. From the remaining mixed fraction b2, the carbon fraction b3 is separated electrostatically in a third process stage Cb2, which consists essentially of fine-grained carbon and gypsum particles and ceno- or microspherical silicon-containing hollow spheres. The carbon fraction b3 is collected and leaves the process, for example, as a recycling product Db3 to be re-blown into the above-mentioned power plant. The remaining mixed fraction b4, which consists of gypsum and cenosphere particles, is separated in a fourth process stage Db4 after appropriate adjustment of the vibration or vibration parameters and selection of a suitable vibrating or vibrating trough into a gypsum fraction b5 and a cenosphere fraction b6. In a fifth process stage Eb, the gypsum fraction b5 and cenospheric fraction b6 are collected separately and made available as salable intermediates Eb5 and Eb6, for example for the building materials industry.

FIG. 3 relates to the treatment of the sintering fly ash occurring in the thermal process of the iron ore sintering and discharged with the exhaust gas flow. On a circulating sintered belt, iron ore and hard coal coke are charged as fuel and reducing agent to form a so-called sintered bed. During the passage of the sintering bed through a continuous furnace air is passed. With the resulting exhaust stream Sinterflugasche c is discharged, which is processed differentiated according to the invention.

A first process stage Ac involves separating the sinter fly ash c from the exhaust gas stream by means of electrostatically or mechanically operating filters. The fine grain particles and dust particles of the sinter fly ash c are chemically analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. In addition, the physical properties, such as electromagnetic and / or electrostatic influenceability, and the spatial properties of the solid particles are detected. The composition of the sinter fly ash c is dependent on the feed material and the process control of the sintering process. Consequently, the sinter fly ash c may consist essentially of fine-grained carbon granules, unreduced and / or prereduced ore particles and / or metal particles produced by reduction, and also mineral ore minerals due to the rock rocks contained in the iron ore. see, in particular silicate-containing granules having a particle size of typically> 30 to 50 microns and the finest, essentially oxidic ore particles, pure iron particles and / or mineral dust particles having a particle size of typically <30 microns. The further processing measures according to the invention are based on the established characteristics of the sintered fly ash c. However, the invention is not limited to the abovementioned particle size specifications, since they can additionally be influenced, for example, by the combustion and reduction parameters and by the type of sintering plant. In a second process stage Bc, the sintered fly ash c is first separated electromagnetically with the use of a magnetic separator in view of the relatively high iron content, wherein the sinter fly ash c is separated into an electromagnetically influenced iron fraction c1 and into a mixed fraction c2 which can not be influenced electromagnetically. Since the recycling of the iron fractions c1 into the sintering process would essentially only lead to a load on the volume and weight of the exhaust gas flow with sintered fly ash, such a recycling measure is ruled out. Therefore, in a third process stage CcI, the iron fraction c1 is classified on a chute after adjustment of the vibration or vibration parameters and selection of a suitable groove into a dust fraction c3 and a fine grain fraction c4. The dust fraction c3 and iron-based fine grain fraction c4 are collected and provided to powder metallurgy as the starting material Dc3 and Dc4. The fine grain fraction c4 can be classified at least once again for grading according to particle size ranges. The mixed fraction c2 which can not be influenced electromagnetically is separated in a fourth process stage Cc2 by appropriate selection of a suitable groove and setting of the vibration or vibration movement in a dust fraction c5 and a fine grain fraction c6, which consists of carbon granules and ceno- or microspherical silicate-containing hollow beads. The dust fraction c5 is collected and leaves the process as intermediate Dc5, for example, as an aggregate for the building materials industry. In a fifth process stage Dc6, the fine-grain fraction c6 is separated into a fine-grain fraction c7 consisting of carbon granules and into a fine-grain fraction c8 consisting of ceno- or microspherical silicate-containing hollow beads, for example by means of a roller separator and counterelectrode. The fine grain fraction c7 is collected and reused as fuel or reducing agent Ec7. The fine grain fraction c8 is provided as aggregate Ec8 for the building materials industry. FIG. 4 relates to the treatment in the sense of a classification of the substance mixtures arising in non-thermal processes such as crushing, grinding, beating and other comminution measures of ores, minerals, rocks, etc. According to this exemplary embodiment of the invention, oxidic iron ore is broken up to the desired particle size for reasons of transport and / or pelleting or sintering metallurgical treatment. The mixture obtained during comminution and discharged into the environment as undersize material mixture, consisting essentially of finely divided, fine-grained and dust-like particles of the above-mentioned groups of substances, is processed according to the invention.

According to the illustrated embodiment, in a first process stage Ad, the substance mixture d of fine-grained, fine-grained and dust-like inhomogeneous iron ore, ie iron ores with a mountain component, is collected. The iron ore and the mountain rock d are chemically analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. In addition, the physical properties and the spatial properties of the solid particles are determined. Consequently, the further procedure is based on the determined characteristics of the substance mixture. In a second process stage Bd, the substance mixture d is first separated electromagnetically using a magnetic separator with respect to the relatively high iron content, the substance mixture d being separated into an electromagnetically influenced iron fraction d1 and into a mixing fraction d2 which can not be influenced electromagnetically. In a third process stage CdI, the electromagnetically influenced iron fraction d1 is separated into an iron dust fraction d3 and a fine grain fraction d4 by selecting a suitable groove and setting the vibration and vibration movement according to frequency and amplitude. The iron dust fraction d3 and the iron fine grain fraction d4 are collected separately and provided as materials Dd3 and Dd4 for powder metallurgy. The iron fine grain fraction d4 can be classified on a suitable groove for further division into grain size ranges at least once by a shaking and vibrating motion. The mixed fraction d2, which may contain in addition to the dust and fine-grained mountain rock and electromagnetically uncontrollable iron oxide particles is in a fourth process stage Cd2 by selecting a suitable groove and setting the vibration and vibration movement by frequency and amplitude in a dust fraction d5 and a fine grain fraction d6 separated. The dust fraction d5 and the fine grain fraction d6 are collected and called Starting material Dd5 and Dd6 provided for the building materials industry. Unless the Analysener- ^'result of the dust fraction d5 and / or the fine-grain fraction D.beta prove a valuable iron oxide content, these fractions can this iron oxide fraction separated by a tailored to the different weighting the iron oxide and Bergegesteinteilchen select an appropriate channel and adjustment of the vibrated for the purpose of extraction and Vibration movement are separated according to frequency and amplitude.

Figure 5 refers to the classification of crushed rocks such as gypsum rock with high purity or homogeneity, in the context of nonthermal processes in breaking, hitting, grinding and the like. be produced with different grain sizes. The fine fractions, fine particles and / or dust material discharged into the environment are also processed. The rock, such as gypsum, is crushed for transport and further processing. In a first process stage Ae the crushed rock is collected. The consisting of finely divided, fine-grained and dust-like rock substance mixture is advantageously analyzed chemically qualitatively and quantitatively. In addition, the physical properties and the spatial properties of the solid particles are determined. As a result, the further procedure is based on the determined characteristics of the crushed rock e. In a second process stage Be, the comminuted rock e is classified into a dust fraction el and a fine grain fraction e2 after selection of a suitable groove and adjustment of the vibration or vibration movement. The dust fraction el is collected and fed as a starting material CeI the building materials industry. In a third process stage Ce2, the fine grain fraction e2 is classified for the purpose of further division into grain size ranges by selecting a groove suitable for this purpose and setting the shaking or vibrating motion into a fine grain fraction e3 and one of these compared to finer fine grain fraction e4. The obtained fine grain fractions e3 and e4 are collected and fed as starting material De3 and De4 the building materials industry.

In the processing of crushed inhomogeneous ores, minerals or rock, the separation of the mountain portion by using different weights by means of a corresponding groove and setting the vibration or vibration movement is analogous to the embodiments of Figures 4 and 5. Inhomogeneous substances have different chemical compositions and connection forms. According to the inventive specifications of the exemplary embodiment according to Figure 5 color pigments can be classified from inorganic colorants. For this purpose, naturally occurring inorganic minerals containing, for example, colored pigments based on iron, chromium, cobalt, nickel, titanium and zinc are ground. The grain size classes required for the composition of the colorants are obtained by selecting the channel profiles and setting the movement parameters, ie frequency and amplitude, by repeated repetition of the shaking or vibration process.

According to the inventive teachings of the embodiment of Figure 5 may also ^■ drugs, consisting of the active ingredients and the excipients, which usually consist of filling binders, lubricants and disintegrators, single doses of pharmaceutical in granule and / or powder form as the starting material for the preparation of Tablets are processed. The particle size classes required for this purpose are obtained after selection of the channel profiles and adjustment of the motion parameters, ie frequency and amplitude, by repeated repetition of the vibration or vibration process. The above method variants show only a section of the possible uses of the invention.

With regard to the above process variants, the invention comprises a modular structure of a plant for the separation and / or classification of mixtures of fine-grained or granular and dust-like materials. In the process of the invention, the screening of mixtures of fine-grained or granular and dust-like materials can be integrated. The measures may therefore be used individually or in combination, either in their entirety or on a case-by-case basis. The essential module of each system is the arrangement of at least one vibrating or vibrating trough device with at least one channel. Homogeneous or inhomogeneous comminuted mixtures of substances can be separated and classified with at least one channel. In order to monitor the process chain A to D, the fractions and subfractions can be chemically qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed and their physical properties and spatial properties can be determined. The system according to the invention will be explained in more detail on the basis of FIGS. 6 to 8.

FIG. 6 shows a combination according to the invention of modular devices and devices for creating a system adapted to the case of need for the separation and / or classification of mixtures of granular, fine-particle and / or dust-like homogeneous and / or inhomogeneous materials.

A module AA comprises a S ammel device for the materials to be separated and / or to be classified as well as testing devices for determining the chemical composition, the physical properties and the spatial nature of these mixtures.

A module BB comprises a vibrating or vibrating device, which is equipped with at least one channel for the separation and / or classification of the granular, fine fracture and / or dust-like homogeneous and / or inhomogeneous mixtures and in each case with at least one loading and Abfördervorrichtung.

A module CC, i. Variable addition module includes at least one additional electromagnetic, triboelectric or electrostatic working separation device with feed and discharge devices.

A module DD comprises separate collection devices for the fractions obtained by separation and / or classification.

FIG. 7 shows a combination according to the invention of a modular system for the separation of hard coal fly ash.

A module AA comprises a collection device for the hard coal fly ash to be separated, which consists essentially of granular carbon particles, ceno- or microspherical silicate-containing hollow spheres and mineral dust, and testing equipment for determining the chemical composition, the physical properties and the spatial nature of the hard coal fly ash. A module BB comprises a vibrating or vibrating device with at least one channel for separating the hard coal fly ash, at least one feeding device for discharging the hard coal fly ash onto the channel and at least one discharge device for the separated dust fraction and at least one discharge device for the separated mixed fraction of granular carbon particles and ceno- or microspherical silicate-containing hollow spheres.

A module CC, i. Variable addition module, comprises an electrostatic separator with at least one charging device for the mixed fraction and at least one discharge device for the consisting of electrically conductive carbon granules subtraction and at least one discharge device for existing of electrically non-conductive ceno- or microsphere silicate-containing hollow beads further subtraction.

A module DD comprises separate collecting devices for the subtraction, consisting of carbon granules, and for the subtraction, consisting of ceno- or microspherical silicate-containing hollow beads.

Figure 8 shows a combination according to the invention of a modular plant for the separation and classification of inhomogeneous crushed iron ore, i. with mountain share.

A module AA comprises collecting devices for the substance mixture to be separated from fine-particle and dust-shaped iron ore and mountain particles and testing equipment for determining the chemical composition, the physical properties and the spatial nature of the constituents contained in the substance mixture.

A module CC, ie variably employable supplementary module, comprises an electromagnetic separation device such as magnetic separator for separating the electromagnetically modifiable iron oxide particles from the mountain particles which can not be influenced electromagnetically. A module BB comprises a vibrating or vibrating device with at least one channel for classifying the fine-particle and dust-shaped iron oxide particles, at least one feed device for feeding the iron oxide particles onto the channel and at least one discharge device for the separated dust fraction and at least one discharge device for the separated fine fraction fraction each consisting of iron oxide particles.

Another module BB comprises a vibrating or vibrating device with at least one channel, which has at least one intermediate channel on the separation surface, for classifying the finely divided fine grain fraction of iron oxide particles into at least two fine grain subfractions, and a feeding device for feeding the iron oxide particles onto the channel and at least one discharge device for the separated Feinkorasubfraktionen from iron oxide particles.

A module DD comprises separate semen devices for the dust fraction and the sub-fraction consisting of iron oxide particles.

The invention also encompasses modular plant combinations for the treatment of the flue gas desulphurisation products of sintered fly ash obtained by the dry process and of comminuted ores such as iron ores, minerals such as gypsum, dyes and pharmaceutical components. However, the modular construction according to the invention is not limited to these examples. In modular plant construction according to the invention, supplementary modules CC, such as sieve devices, can be integrated in order, for example, to achieve a separation of a coarse grain fraction from the fine grain and dust content. In any combination, according to the teachings of the invention, the module BB, i. at least one vibrating or vibrating device with at least one channel, be part of the system.

The gutter or vibration device according to the invention will be explained in more detail on the basis of FIGS. 9 to 19. They provide the expert with the necessary information for the reworkability of the invention. The illustrations are based on unclear drawings. The specific arrangements of the individual modules and device units are to be adapted to the local conditions and throughput quantities. FIG. 9a shows, in cross-section, a channel in front of the discharge-side wall of a gutter or vibrating device according to the invention for separating and / or classifying mixtures of granules, fine-particle fractions and / or dust-like materials. FIG. 9b shows, in an open front view, the gutter arranged between the loading and removal side wall.

FIG. 9c shows, in an open top view, the channel arranged on the table-shaped support.

The reference numerals are distributed for reasons of space on the individual figures 9 to 19.

The vibrating or vibrating device according to the invention comprises at least one channel 1, which is designed substantially as an angle section 11. The conclusion with respect to the longitudinal axis of the channel 1 each forms a side wall 18. The channel 1 is arranged on a flat table-shaped support or table 2. At the bottom 9 of the table 2 resilient handlebars 3, 4, 5, 6 are mounted in the corner regions. The adjustable in inclination to the vertical link 3, 4, 5, 6 are parallelogram-like on a bottom plate 7 releasably and adjustably attached. On the underside 9 of the table-shaped support 2, a holder 55 for receiving a vibrating rod 8 can be provided. The Rüttelstange 8 may be pivotally connected for example via an eccentric disc with a drive motor 10. The drive motor 10 may be mounted on the bottom plate 7. Instead of the eccentric arrangement, for example, at least one of the table-shaped support 2 attacking unbalance motor 10 may be provided. By means of these drives 10, the table-shaped support 2 and the channel 1 arranged thereon are set into a vibration or vibration movement which is adjustable with respect to frequency and amplitude. Between the table 2 and the bottom 7, at least one vibration damping element 54, for example a spiral spring, can be arranged. The channel 1, which is charged on the bearing side with a granular, fine-fracture and / or dust-like substance mixture 30 such as hard coal fly ash, consists according to this embodiment of an unequal leg angle profile 11. The area defined by the long leg 12 and the length of the channel 1 area serves as Separation surface 14, on which the substance mixture 30 to be separated and / or to be classified is applied, the dust fraction 34 being separated from the fine-grain fraction 31 as a result of the directional vibration or vibratory movement and being directed upward toward the discharge point. edge 19 of the separation surface 14 moves and is conveyed away from there. The area formed by the short leg 13 and the length of the groove 1 serves as a boundary surface 15, which forms the groove bottom 16 with the separation surface 14 at an internal angle α of, for example, 90 °. In the gutter deep 16, the fine grain fraction 31 concentrates, which is carried away as a result of the directed vibration or vibration movement.

The discharge edge 19 of the separation surface 14 and the delimiting edge 27 of the boundary surface 15 of the angle profile 11 are each supported on or on the longitudinal axis of the channel 1 parallel bracket or support walls or a support 17. The separation surface 14 and the boundary surface 15 may be angled in the region of the discharge edge 19 and the boundary edge 27 as narrow support surfaces 20 which rest on the crowns 26 of the consoles 17. On each of a fastener 53, such as a bar, be attached.

The channel 1 is arranged between a feed-side feed beam 21 and a feed-side feed rail 22. The Aufgabeholm 21 is designed as a hollow profile with a round or rectangular cross section and arranged on the feed side side wall 18 of the channel 1, preferably in the region of the separation surface 14. The side wall 18 and the loading beam 21 have at this area a loading opening 23, via which the substance mixture 30, such as hard coal fly ash, is automatically fed onto the separation surface 14. The mixture 30 is a mixed fraction consisting of a fine grain fraction 31, for example consisting of carbon granules 32 and micro- or cenospheric glassy hollow spheres 33, and a dust fraction 34 such as coal dust. At the request side wall 18 of the channel 1 a request beam 22 is arranged. The Abforderholm 22 may consist of a two-chamber hollow profile, for example, with a rectangular cross-section, wherein the one chamber for receiving and requesting the fine grain fraction 31 and the other chamber for receiving and removal of the dust fraction 34 is determined. The side wall 18 and the Abforderholm 22 have at this point for the removal of the fine grain fraction 31 and the dust fraction 34 depending on a separate Austragsöffhung 24 and 25 and possibly another, the intermediate channel 39 associated discharge opening 29th The feed-side receptacle or magazine for the mixture 30 including the feeding devices to the Aufgabeholm 21 are not shown in the drawing. The same applies to the discharge-side receiving container for the fine grain fraction 31 and the dust fraction 34th

Electrostatically operating roller separators, which are likewise not shown in the drawing, are preferably used for the separation for the separation of electrically conductive substance particles. The choice and the combination of the devices to be used is determined by the chemical analysis, the physical properties, the spatial nature of the solid particles and the amount of substances to be separated and / or classified.

FIG. 10 shows, in cross-section, a channel 1 with an angle profile 11 whose internal angle α is 90 °. The channel 1 is arranged with the apex edge 36 of the angle profile 11 on the table-shaped support 2. The vertical pivotability of the channel 1 is effected by changing the outer angle ß, for example, the long leg 12 of the angle section 11 forms with the horizontal table-shaped support 2. The setting of an optimal external angle β is dependent on the chemical, physical and other material properties of the separation and / or classification good, the spatial shape of the channel 1 and the vibration or vibration parameters such as frequency and amplitude of the vibrating or vibrating device.

Figure 11 shows in cross-section a channel 1 with an angle section 11, the inner angle α relative to an angle profile with a 90 ° setting is changeable. For this purpose, the short leg 13 is connected to the long leg 12 via a hinge 28, which allows the adjustability of the inner angle α.

FIG. 12 shows a top view of a channel 1 with an angle profile 11, which is arranged horizontally pivoted on the table-shaped support 2. The longitudinal axis 37 of the channel 1 forms with the longitudinal axis 38 of the table-shaped support 2 an inner angle γ, which can be changed by changing the position of the channel 1 separation and / or classification specific. FIG. 13 shows in cross-section a channel 1 with an angle profile 11, wherein the long leg 12 has at least one intermediate channel 39 running essentially parallel thereto between the channel bottom 16 and the outlet edge 19. The intermediate channel 39 may be incorporated into the separation surface 14 as a rib or as a groove. In this way, the substance mixture 30 can be additionally differentiated separated and / or classified with such a groove 1.

FIG. 14 shows a channel I ₅ in which the channel bottom 16 is widened to a flat bottom 49, wherein the short leg 13 can be perpendicular.

FIG. 15 shows a channel 1 whose separation surface 14 is convex and whose boundary surfaces 15 are concave in each case in the longitudinal direction

FIG. 16 shows a multiple arrangement of troughs 1 according to the invention in parallel, wherein the structural design of the gutter or vibration device follows FIGS. 9 to 15 with the reference numerals used there while retaining the mode of operation.

FIG. 17 shows a spatial representation of a multiple arrangement of channels 1 according to the invention in parallel connection. Thereafter, at least one further channel 1 is arranged spaced apart in the vertical direction on each channel 1 arranged in parallel. The distance between the superimposed grooves 1 is achieved in that Distanzauflager 35 are provided on the crowns 26 of the support walls 17. In this way, a channel stack is formed. Moreover, the structural design of the gutter or vibration device is based on the content of Figures 9 to 16 with the reference numerals used there while retaining the operation. For reasons of space, the multiple arrangement of channels 1 according to the invention can relate only to a parallel circuit. With the multiple arrangements according to the invention, the separation and classification performance and the throughput per module can be significantly increased.

The channel 1 can be made of profiled steel sheet, profiled rolled steel or other profiled metal sheets and metal profiles. The angle section 11 of the channel 1 can also be made equal leg. FIG. 18 shows, in a spatial representation, an immission-proof enclosure for the vibrating or vibrating device 50 according to the invention. The housing 40 consists essentially of a frame 48, for example made of sectional steel, on which covers 18, eg steel sheets, for covering the ceiling and the side walls are detachably arranged are. In addition, at least one closable access and inspection opening 52 is provided in the covers 18. The interior 41 is connected to a suction pipe 42, which leads via a suction device 47 to an externally arranged Staubabscheideeinrichtung 43. The housing 40 covers up to the bottom plate 7 reaching the vibrating or vibrating device 50 and arranged on the feed side 44 Aufgabeholme 21 and arranged on the Abförderseite 45 Abfbrderholme 22. The housing 40 may be replaced by separate housings for the Rüttel- or vibration device 50, the Aufgäbeholme 21 and the Abförderholme 22, which in turn can be equipped with drawing not shown suction.

Other adjustment options, not shown, relate to the invention, the extension or shortening of the links 3, 4, 5, 6, the change of the point of attack of the vibrating rod 8 or the arrangement of at least one unbalance motor 10 on the underside of the table-shaped support 2. The drive motor 10 or Unbalance motor 10 are equipped with control electronics. Thus, the frequency and amplitude of the vibration or vibration movement can be adjusted to the separation and / or Klassierungsgut. The throughput quantities as well as the separation and / or classification quality can be additionally optimized in this way.

FIG. 19 shows in a spatial representation the separation process achieved with the vibrating or vibrating device 50 according to the invention. The feed side, preferably on the separation surface 14 of the channel 1 discontinued mixture, which consists of granular, feinkom-, fine fracture and / or dust-like materials, is characterized by acting in the direction of the Abförderseite shaking or vibrating motion in a granular and / or fine grain fraction, which moves to the gutter deepest 16, and a dust fraction, which moves in the opposite direction to the discharge edge 19 of the separation surface 14, separated. The advantages achieved by the invention are based on the recognition that an undifferentiated use of fly ash as an additive for building materials for the production of concrete based on cement and gravel leads to an inhomogeneous and therefore to a poorer concrete quality; because the carbonaceous and the so-called ceno- or microspherical silicate-containing hollow spheres fly ash float after pouring the concrete mass and concentrate before their setting in the overhead area of the concrete body. By using the teaching of the invention, fly ash dust are provided as aggregates for concrete production, which lead to leaps and bounds improved concrete qualities.

With the method, the plant and the device according to the invention, large amounts of fly ash and ore and rock dust can be separated from qualitatively homogeneous and / or inhomogeneous materials and fed to a reuse. These waste products of thermal and non-thermal processes can be separated with surprisingly simple technical means according to the value fractions or, for example, only classified. Globally, in this way millions of tons of fly ash and the like. be prepared accordingly. The invention also opens up further applications, for example in the dye and pharmaceutical preparation.

Bezugszeichenϊiste:

A: First stage of the process - separation of the solid particles from an exhaust gas stream or the ambient air as well as chemical analysis and determination of the physical parameters of the solid particles;

B: second process step - dry mechanical separation of the solid particles into a fine grain fraction and a dust fraction by means of shaking or vibration;

C: Third process step - electrostatic separation of the fine grain fraction into an electrically conductive and an electrically non-conductive subtraction;

D: Fourth stage of the process - collecting and distributing the subfractions.

AA: First module - Separator and s ammel device such as electrostatic precipitator, ore dust or rock dust separator

BB: second module - vibrating or vibrating device with gutter

CC: Third module - supplementary module like electrostatic separator

DD: Fourth module - collection and distribution device

1 rmne (s)

2 table-shaped support, table

3 handlebars

4 handlebars

5 handlebars

6 handlebars

7 base plate

8 vibrating bar

9 underside of the table-shaped support 2

10 Drive motor with eccentric disc, drives

11 angle profile

12 Long thigh

13 Short thigh 01074

28

separation area

boundary surface

Rinne deepest

Console (s), support, support wall (s)

Cover (s), side wall (s), ceiling

exhaust margin

Support surface (n)

task Holm

Abförderholm

Beschickungsöffhung

Abförder- or discharge opening for fine grain fraction

Abf B ^'rder- or discharge opening for dust fraction

Crown)

boundary edge

Hinge further discharge opening

Mixture like hard coal fly ash

Fine particle fraction

Carbon granules

Cenospheric glass-containing hollow spheres

Dust fraction like coal dust

Distanzauflager

apex edge

Longitudinal axis of the channel 1

Longitudinal axis of the table-shaped support 2

between trough

housing

inner space

suction tube

dust collector

Feeding side

Abforderseite

Separate enclosures 47 suction device

48 frame like sectional steel frame

49 bottom of the gutter deepest

50 vibrating or vibrating device

51 unbalance motor

52 access or inspection opening

53 Fastening element like strip

54 vibration damping element such as spiral spring

55 bracket α inner angle of the channel 1 ß outer angle of the channel 1 γ inner angle between the longitudinal axis channel 1 and table-shaped support. 2

Claims

claims

1. A method for separating mixtures of granules, fine fractions, feinkom- and / or dust-like materials, characterized in that

the fly ash resulting from thermal processes in the burning of solid fuels in power plants, consisting of solid particles and dusts, is collected,

the chemical composition, the physical properties and the physical properties of the particulates and dusts are determined,

the vibratory or vibratory motion is adjusted according to the chemical composition, the physical properties and the physical nature of the particulates and dusts,

the solid particles and dusts in the dry state are continuously exposed to a channel of a vibration or vibration movement and moved in the discharge direction,

the dusts are mechanically separated by adjusting the vibration or vibration movement of the solid particles, and

The dust fraction and the dust-free fine grain fraction separated from the gutter are collected and collected.

2. A method for separating hard coal fly ash according to claim I _3, characterized in that

the hard coal fly ash resulting from the combustion of hard coal in heating or power plants and discharged with the exhaust gas flow, consisting of solid particles and dusts, is collected and collected,

the chemical composition, the physical properties and the physical properties of the particulates and dusts are determined, the vibratory or vibratory motion is adjusted according to the chemical composition, the physical properties and the physical nature of the particulates and dusts,

the dusts are mechanically separated from the solid particles by adjusting the vibration or vibration movement,

the dust fraction and the substantially dust-free fine grain fraction are conveyed away from the gutter and collected separately,

the dust fraction is provided as a concrete aggregate,

the substantially dust-free fine-grained fraction is separated electrostatically into a subtraction from carbon granules and into a sub-fraction from ceno- or microspherical silicate-containing hollow spheres,

the subfractions are collected and transported separately, and

the sub-fraction of carbon granules as fuel and the sub-fraction of ceno- or microspherical silicate-containing hollow spheres are provided as an aggregate for concrete production.

3. A method for separating sintered fly ash according to claim 1, characterized in that

separating and collecting the sinter fly ash discharged with the exhaust gas stream, which is formed during sintering of crushed iron ore in the presence of crushed coke and air passed through the sinter bed, and is collected, the chemical composition, the physical properties and the physical characteristics of the solid particles and dusts of the sinter fly ash are determined;

the sinter fly ash is separated by use of a magnetic separator into an electromagnetically influenced iron fraction and a mixed fraction which can not be influenced electromagnetically,

the iron fraction is separated into a dust fraction and a fine grain fraction after selection of a suitable groove and appropriate adjustment of the vibration or vibration parameters,

the iron-containing dust fraction and fine grain fraction are provided as a starting material for the powder metallurgy, or

after selection of a suitable groove and appropriate adjustment of the vibration or vibration parameters, at least one further finer subfraction is separated from the fine-grained fraction and provided as a differentiated starting material for the powder metallurgy,

the mixed fraction which can not be influenced by electromagnetic means is separated into a dust fraction and a fine grain fraction consisting of carbon granules and ceno- or microspherical silicate-containing hollow beads after selection of a suitable groove and appropriate adjustment of the vibration or vibration parameters,

the dust fraction is provided as an aggregate for the building materials industry,

the dust-free fine grain fraction is electrostatically separated by means of roll separator and counter electrode into a subfraction consisting of carbon granules and into a further subfraction consisting of ceno- or microspherical silicate-containing hollow beads, and the carbonaceous subfraction as fuel or reducing agent and the subfraction consisting of ceno or microspherical silicate-containing hollow spheres are provided as aggregate for the building material industry,

4. A method for separating and / or classifying minerals from granular, fine fraction, feinkora- and / or dust-like materials according to Anspruchl, characterized in that

the solid particles and dusts accumulating in non-thermal processes during the comminution of homogeneous minerals are collected,

the solid particles and dusts are continuously subjected to a vibration or vibration movement on a channel and moved in the direction of the removal,

the dusts are separated from the solid particles by adjusting the vibration or vibration movement,

the dust fraction is provided substance-specifically,

the dust-free fine-grain fraction is exposed to at least one further vibration or vibration movement after changing the classification parameters and classified into at least two fine-grain sub-fractions, and

the two fine grain subfractions are collected separately and provided substance-specific.

5. A method for separating and classifying rocks according to claim 4, characterized in that

the solid particles and dusts accumulating during the comminution of homogeneous rock are collected,

the solid particles and dusts are continuously exposed to a channel of a vibration or vibration movement and moved in the discharge direction,

the dusts are separated from the solid particles after the setting of the vibration or vibration movement,

the dust fraction is supplied substance-specifically as a raw material,

the two fine grain subfractions are provided substance-specifically.

6. Process according to claims 4 and 5, characterized in that

the solid particles and dusts accumulating during the comminution of inhomogeneous rock are collected, the chemical composition, the physical properties and the physical properties of the particulates and dusts are determined,

the dusts are separated from the solid particles as a result of the vibration or vibration movement,

the dust fraction is provided or disposed of in a substance-specific manner,

the dust-free fine-grain fraction is subjected to at least one further vibration or vibration movement after changing the classification parameters and classified into at least one homogeneous fine-grain subfraction and an inhomogeneous fine-grain sub-fraction,

the inhomogeneous fine grain subfraction is provided or disposed of substance-specific,

the homogeneous fine grain sub-fractions are exposed to at least one further vibration or vibration movement after changing the classification parameters and are classified into at least two homogeneous fine grain sub-fractions, and

the two homogeneous Feinkornsubfraktionen substance-specific, are provided in particular as a precursor for the building materials industry.

7. Process according to claims 4 to 6, characterized in that

comminuted homogeneous ores, minerals or rocks after adjustment of the vibration or vibration movement according to the chemical composition, the physical properties and the physical nature of the particulates and dusts be classified to separate the dust content of the Feinbruch- or Feinkornteilchen,

the homogeneous dust fraction is provided substance-specifically,

the dust-free fine fraction or fine grain fraction is classified by at least one further shaking or vibrating motion in subtractions with desired grain size ranges, and

the homogeneous subfractions are provided substance-specifically, as well as

shredded inhomogeneous ores, minerals or rocks for the purpose of reducing the mountain fraction after the shaking or vibrating motion has been pre-classified according to the chemical composition, physical properties and physical condition of the particulates and dusts and using different weights to separate the mountain fraction,

the mountain fraction is disposed of,

the inhomogeneous dust content is separated from the inhomogeneous fine-particle or fine-grain particles,

the inhomogeneous dust fraction is provided substance-specifically,

the inhomogeneous fine fraction or fine grain fraction is classified by at least one further shaking or vibrating motion in sub-fractions with desired particle size ranges, and

the inhomogeneous subfractions are provided substance specific.

8. Process according to claims 4 to 7, characterized in that Hard coal, lignite or coke with a low rock content are classified into the desired fine kora areas,

Coal, lignite or coke with a high proportion of mountain in order to reduce the mountain portion using different weights are first separated to separate the mountain portion, and

the noncontigious carbonaceous fraction is then classified into the desired fine grain fractions.

9. Process according to claims 4 to 8, characterized in that

homogeneous dyes or drugs are classified in the desired fine grain areas.

10. Plant for separating and / or classifying mixtures of granules, fine-grained, fine-grained and / or dust-like materials, characterized in that

a module is provided which comprises at least one collecting device for the materials to be separated and / or classified and testing devices for determining the chemical composition, the physical properties and the spatial nature of these materials,

a module is provided, which comprises at least one vibrating or vibrating device with at least one channel for the separation and / or classification of the substance mixtures as well as at least one loading and unloading device,

a supplementary module is provided which comprises at least one electromagnetically, tribo-electric, electrostatic or screen-technical separation device with charging and discharge devices, and

a module is provided which comprises separate collection devices for the fractions obtained by separation and / or classification.

1 1. Plant for separating hard coal fly ash according to claim 10, characterized in that

a module is provided, which comprises a collecting device for the hard coal fly ash to be separated, which consists essentially of granular carbon particles, ceno- or microspherical silicate-containing hollow spheres and low-carbon, mineral dust particles, and testing equipment for determining the chemical composition, the physical properties and the spatial condition the hard coal fly ash comprises,

a module is provided which comprises a vibrating or vibrating device with at least one channel for separating the hard coal fly ash, at least one feeding device for discharging the hard coal fly ash onto the gutter, and at least one discharge device for the separated low-carbon dust fraction and at least one discharging device for the separated one Comprises mixed fraction of granular carbon particles and ceno- or microspherical silicate-containing hollow spheres,

a supplementary module is provided, which comprises an electrostatic separator with at least one charging device for the mixed fraction and at least one Abfördervor- direction for the consisting of electrically conductive carbon granules subtraction and at least one Abfördervorrichtung for electrically non-conductive ceno- or microsphere silicate-containing hollow beads existing further subtraction includes, and

a module is provided which comprises separate collection devices for both subtraction.

12. plant for separating sintered fly ash according to claims 10 and 11, characterized in that

a collecting module is provided which comprises an electric filter for separating the exhaust air flow discharged from the exhaust gas stream, which consists essentially of carbon granules consists of iron-containing constituents and ceno- or microspherical silicate-containing hollow spheres,

a supplementary module in the form of a magnetic separator is provided in order to separate the electromagnetically influenced iron-containing material particles from the substance particles of the sinter fly ash which can not be influenced electromagnetically,

a separation and / or classification module is provided, which is a vibrating or vibrating device for separating the substance mixture which can not be influenced electromagnetically into a mixed fraction consisting of carbon granules and ceno- or microspherical silicate-containing hollow spheres, and into a carbon-free dust fraction,

a further supplementary module in the form of an electrostatic separator is provided with which the mixed fraction is separated into an electrically conductive subfraction consisting of carbon granules, and into an electrically non-conductive subfraction consisting of ceno- or microspherical silicate-containing hollow spheres, and

separate collection devices for the electrically conductive subfraction and the electrically non-conductive subfraction are provided.

13. Plant for separating and / or classifying minerals according to claim 10, characterized in that

a module is provided which comprises an optionally equipped with electrostatic precipitator or mechanical filter collecting device for the resulting in breaking, crushing, beating and / or grinding of minerals solid particles,

a module is provided which comprises at least one vibrating or vibrating device for separating the solid particles into a fine grain and dust fraction,

a supplementary module is provided which comprises an electrostatically, triboelectrically, electromagnetically or sieving-technically operating separating device for the further preparation of the dust-free fine-grained fraction, a further module is provided, which comprises at least one vibrating or vibrating device for classifying the solid particles in sub-fractions with specific fine grain areas, and

a module is provided which comprises separate collection devices for the sub-fractions with certain fines regions.

14. shaking or vibrating device for separating and / or classifying mixtures of granular, fine-fracture, fine-grained and / or dust-like materials, characterized in that

a gutter (1) is detachably fastened on a table-shaped support (2),

the channel (1) has a side wall (18) on both the loading and unloading sides,

the channel (1) is designed as an angle profile (11) with an internal angle α,

one leg (12) of the angle profile (11) forms a separation surface (14) and the other leg (13) forms a boundary surface (15) of the channel (1), which are positioned on or on brackets (17) at the end,

resilient levers (3, 4, 5, 6) are mounted in the corner areas on the underside (9) of the table-top support (2), which are detachably fastened on the table-shaped support (2),

a Rüttelstange (8) on the underside (9) of the table-shaped support (2) is articulated, which is connected via an eccentric disc with a drive motor (10)

the drive motor (10) is mounted on a base plate (7),

a charging beam (21) is arranged in the region of the separation surface (14) in front of the charging-side side wall (18), a request bar (22) is arranged in the region of the separation surface (14) in front of the discharge-side side wall (18),

the charging beam (21) has a charging opening (23),

the Abförderholm (22) has a discharge opening (24) for a Feinkomfraktion (31) and a discharge opening (25) for a dust fraction (34), and

separate collection devices for receiving and further portioning of the separated and / or classified fractions are provided.

15. shaking or vibrating device according to claim 14, characterized in that

at least one channel (1) is provided which consists of an unequal leg angle profile (11) with an internal angle α,

the long leg (12) forms a separation surface (14) with the length of the channel (1),

the short leg (13) forms a boundary surface (15) with the length of the channel (1),

the gutter (1) with the vertex edge (36) is arranged on a table-shaped support (2),

the channel (1) is arranged between a feed-side feed beam (21) and an output-side discharge beam (22),

the Aufgabeholm (21) is designed as a hollow body for the supply of granular, fine crushed and dust-like materials,

the Aufgabeholm (21) in the region of the separation surface (14) has a feed opening (23), the Abförderholm (22) in the region of the Austragsrandes (19) of the separation surface (14) has a Abforderöffnung (25) for the dust fraction (34) and in the region of the gutter deepest (16) a request opening (24) for the fine grain fraction (31), and

separate collection devices for the dust fraction (34) and the fine grain fraction (31) are provided.

16. shaking or vibration device according to claims 14 and 15, characterized in that

the groove (1) with the vertex edge (36) on the table-shaped support (2) is arranged horizontally adjustable at an adjustable angle γ, and

the channel (1) with one of the legs (12) or (13) and the table-shaped support (2) forms an adjustable by vertical pivoting outer angle ß.

17. shaking or vibration device according to claim 14 to 16, characterized in that

the angle profile (11) has an internal angle of α 90 °.

18, vibrating or vibrating device according to claims 14 to 17, characterized in that

the angle section (11) is made of profiled sheet steel, profiled rolled steel or other metal profiles.

19. shaking or vibrating device according to claims 14 to 18, characterized in that

the angle section (11) is made isosceles.

20. shaking or vibrating device according to claims 14 to 19, characterized in that

the gutter bottom (16) is widened to a bottom 49 widened.

21, vibrating or vibrating device according to claims 14 to 20, characterized in that

the separation surface (14) and the boundary surface (15) are convex and / or concave in the longitudinal direction of the channel (1).

22, vibrating or vibrating device according to claims 14 to 21, characterized in that

the separation surface (14) between the gutter bottom (16) and the discharge edge (19) has at least one substantially parallel thereto extending gutter (39).

23. shaking or vibration device according to claims 14 to 22, characterized in that

Unwuchtnnotore (51) and vibration damping elements (54) on the table-shaped support (2) are mounted.