WO2004029535A1

WO2004029535A1 - Locked self-loading firearm

Info

Publication number: WO2004029535A1
Application number: PCT/EP2003/009490
Authority: WO
Inventors: Johannes Murello
Original assignee: Heckler & Koch Gmbh
Priority date: 2002-09-04
Filing date: 2003-08-27
Publication date: 2004-04-08
Also published as: EP1535013A1; CA2479112A1; KR20050057159A; ZA200404359B; AU2003264111A1; DE10240889A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a self-loading handheld firearm comprising a rigid barrel (1) which is provided with a cartridge chamber (3), a lockable closing head (11) which is locked in relation to the barrel (1) and a closing carrier (13) which can be displaced in relation to the closing head whereon a closing spring (9) is supported. An additional, progressively powerful spring arrangement (17, 41) is arranged between the closing carrier (13) and the closing head (11), via which the (heavy) closing carrier (13) is supported when the closing head (11) is locked.

Description

Locked self-loading firearm

The invention relates to a locked self-loading firearm with a rigid barrel with a cartridge chamber, a locking head which can be locked relative to the barrel and a locking carrier which is movable relative to the locking head and on which a locking spring is supported, an additional, powerful spring arrangement being arranged between the locking carrier and the locking head , via which the heavy closure carrier is supported on the latter when the closure head is locked. (Preamble of claim 1).

In these documents, positional designations such as "above" always refer to the normal firing position of the self-loading firearm with a horizontal firing direction, which runs "forwards".

Self-loading firearms with a sensitive cartridge case, especially self-loading shotguns, have always been problematic; especially because of the extremely low durability of the cartridges against residual gas pressure when loading the weapon. In the case of self-loading shotguns, there is also the fact that cartridges of the same size can have very different charges, which in turn ensure different residual gas pressure values.

Moreover, with many self-loading rifles, the breech tends to open when the projectile is still in the barrel or the gas pressure has not dropped far enough.

With a self-loading rifle, such as a shotgun or a long-running self-loading pistol designed for powerful cartridges, even a low residual gas pressure when opening the breech would Bring the cartridge cases to inflate or burst. Such a residual gas pressure is unavoidable, for example, in a simple self-loading pistol with a ground lock (blow-back lock). Locked recoil loaders also have a residual gas pressure when opening, which some shotgun case would not be able to withstand when opening the bolt. Recoil-loading self-loading rifles, which are set up for weak cartridges, usually get malfunctions due to the increased residual gas pressure when the ammunition is considerably stronger.

Shotgun cartridges have already been made entirely of metal. However, due to the high price and weight, these have not become generally accepted.

Another problem is the low tensile strength of a shotgun cartridge case in its longitudinal direction. In the case of cheap cardboard shot cartridge cases with a metal base, this leads to the metal base in the cartridge chamber tearing off from the rest of the case. The low taper of shot cartridges supports this tendency.

A recoil loading system has been used for shotguns for about a hundred years, in which the barrel and the closed breech initially run back over the full return distance, and the pressure is almost completely released (Browning, Walther). Then the breech remains stationary in the rearmost position, and the barrel is braked under the force of a spring and guided relatively slowly forward. Together with the breech, the cartridge case remains stationary so that it is gently pulled out of the barrel. Excessive longitudinal forces do not occur in the cartridge case. After the cartridge case has been ejected, the breech snaps forward under the action of the closing spring and takes a new cartridge with it. Such a shotgun works quite reliably - even with differently loaded ammunition. However, it has two decisive disadvantages:

a built-in brake, which slows down the movement of the barrel and can adapt to extreme load differences, only works under strictly defined conditions (for example, only with light oiling of the components), and

the relatively slow, powerful backward movement of the barrel requires support from the housing. This is done by pushing the rifle into the shooter's shoulder. However, if the rifle is fired from the hip, this support is omitted and serious loading problems occur.

Such a system is therefore not suitable for shotguns intended for military or police use.

Recently, shotguns have switched to gas pressure loaders. Gas pressure loaders have long been known for self-loading rifles and have proven themselves there. With self-loading shotguns, however, they require a defined one

Gas pressure and an easy-to-pull out, tough shot cartridge case. With modern, strong cartridges, which have a cartridge base made of metal with a long sleeve and a sleeve body made of longitudinally ribbed plastic, such gas through-loading shotguns work without any problems. Compared to poor quality cartridges, however, they do not have the simplicity of recoil-loaded shotguns. For this, the gas pressure loaders work in the hip stop as well as in the shoulder stop.

However, the gas pressure loaders are quite complicated. Depending on the powder used, they require more or less elaborate cleaning and are due to the many, parts sliding against each other are susceptible to dirt, rust and lack of oil. Saving the gas piston by tapping the closure with tapped powder gases leads to a structural simplification, but an increased risk of contamination.

Modern recoil loaders are also known which do not require movement of the barrel (e.g. rifle G3) - but at the expense of insensitivity to ammunition. In other words, such recoil-loading rifles, especially such shotguns, are quite delicate when it comes to ammunition.

Now a self-loading weapon, especially a self-loading rifle, which would be simple, robust and undemanding in terms of ammunition, could be used quite universally: it could also be used as a hunting weapon in underdeveloped areas, where one needs very different ammunition; as an inexpensive police or military weapon, as emergency equipment in military aircraft, etc., especially where the weapon is used after a long period of non-use without being able to be inspected and cleaned beforehand - where you cannot be picky about what it is Ammunition concerns, and where the cost of the weapon must not be too high.

However, a recoil loading system for shotguns has become known which is locked but still has a rigid barrel. This system is described in US Pat. No. 4,604,942 and has a breech carrier loosely mounted in the rifle which, due to its inertia, remains in its position when all other parts of the rifle run backwards due to the recoil. Breech carrier and breech head are designed so that they converge and ultimately strike each other. However, this rifle, which is so simple in principle, is quite complicated to implement. In addition, the recoil loading system does not seem to work safely, because a weapon that came on the market with this system is no longer available. This system was later combined with a pumpgun mechanism, whereby the self-loading function is optionally switched off (Benelli Super M 3). These known weapons have a tube magazine which is not meaningful for an ordnance weapon.

Based on this problem, the invention has for its object to find a new self-loading handgun that at least partially avoids the above disadvantages of recoil and gas pressure loaders.

In particular, a simple, cheap self-loading handgun that can be manufactured with unusually high tolerances is to be found, which is particularly insensitive to its ammunition.

This object is achieved in that, as with the generic self-loading handgun mentioned at the beginning, a strong spring arrangement is arranged between the breech carrier and the breech, by means of which the (heavy) breech carrier is supported on the latter when the breech head is locked. In addition to the spring arrangement, there is no stop between the closure head and the closure carrier, so that the initial relative movement between these parts is not limited by a stop. (Claim 1).

When the bolt head is locked against the barrel, the weapon is closed. The lock, as usual, can only be released if the closure carrier has moved a bit backwards from this position. The fastener carrier moving further backwards now takes the locking head to the rear. During the subsequent forward movement of the breech carrier and head, which is also conventional per se, a cartridge is inserted into the cartridge chamber. The breech head hits the bottom of the cartridge or the cartridge chamber and comes to a standstill. The breech carrier which unlocks the breech head locks the breech head in relation to the barrel and then also comes to a standstill.

This is the sequence of movements in a conventional one

Recoil loader with a rigid barrel and also the sequence of movements when loading the weapon according to the invention. However, while in all conventional self-loading weapons the breech carrier is pressed by the closing spring against a fixed stop, usually against the breech head, the breech carrier in the invention does not stand firmly on the breech head. Rather, it is supported on it by a strong spring arrangement, but is basically movable forwards without hitting a stop. The coordination of the closing spring and spring arrangement determines the position that the closure carrier finally occupies. Wide tolerances are possible and permissible here.

If the rest of the term "the" closing spring is used here, we mean a closing spring arrangement which can also consist of several springs.

When firing (from the shoulder or from the hip), the weapon performs a short, vigorous backward movement, which the shooter perceives as a recoil. All parts that are then stationary relative to the weapon as a whole, ie the fixed barrel and also the locked bolt head, follow this recoil movement.

In the weapon according to the invention, however, the breech carrier does not follow the recoil movement, but remains there due to its inertia, initially in its absolute position, which is contrary to normal practice. This means: as a result of the recoil, the barrel and the breech head move backwards relative to the breech block, against the force of the strong spring arrangement; possibly supported by the much weaker closing spring. Viewed from the barrel, the barrel and breech head remain stationary. The closure carrier moves forward relative to these and is limited by the spring arrangement.

The stronger the cartridge, the stronger the recoil, i.e. the backward acceleration of the barrel and the parts of the rifle rigidly connected to it, the spring arrangement between the breech head and breech carrier is compressed accordingly, so that the breech carrier moves all the more forward relative to the breech head.

In this context, it should be expressly pointed out that the spring arrangement acts directly or only indirectly between the breech carrier and the breech head and can therefore also be supported on any other part of the weapon which can be brought into stationary contact with the breech head.

The described process of the relative movement between the closure head and the closure carrier comes to a standstill only when a balance has been established between the spring arrangement on the one hand and the persistence of the closure carrier, possibly supported by the force of the closing spring, on the other hand. The distance traveled is therefore very short, because - the shoulder or the arms of the shooter try to counteract the recoil of the rifle, and the recoil effect of the fired cartridge on the rifle (essentially) ends at the latest when that Projectile or the shot has left the barrel. (A shotgun has a low recoil rate due to gases escaping forward behind the shotgun or projectile.)

After the relative movement has come to a standstill, the compressed spring arrangement begins to expand again and throws the lock carrier backwards against the force of the closing spring. In the course of its backward movement, the lock carrier unlocks the lock head from the barrel and then takes it back with it. An opening cycle of the loading movements is thus completed.

As already mentioned above, due to the lack of a stop in the case of a stronger cartridge, the relative movement of the closure carrier beyond the locking position is relatively more pronounced than in the case of a weak cartridge. Unlocking the rifle therefore takes more time with a strong cartridge than with a weak cartridge. Since a stronger cartridge is expected to have a slower gas pressure drop than a weak cartridge, more time is available for this gas pressure drop.

The more compressed spring arrangement, however, throws the closure carrier back more violently than a spring arrangement which is only slightly compressed by a weak cartridge. Therefore, with a strong cartridge, the breech holder will also open the breech head and pull out the cartridge sleeve more quickly than with a weak cartridge. In the case of shot cartridges, this is in itself harmless, since the stronger shot cartridges are also more modern cartridges that withstand the stresses better than weaker cartridges with a cardboard sleeve. at

Exceeding or falling below a certain speed range of the closure carrier leaves the speed frame, on the one hand, in which Cherer locking function and on the other hand, reliable pull-out is to be expected. This may even endanger the durability of the weapon.

A particularly violent opening of the closure is to be expected if the spring arrangement is completely compressed beforehand, so that the gears of the spring, in particular the spiral spring, sit on one another. Then the opening speed can be increased in an unforeseen manner. In addition, parasitic vibrations can overlay and disrupt the system. The durability of the weapon is also a critical feature here.

In order to avoid such faults and to maintain the desired speed range as far as possible, it is further proposed according to the invention that the spring arrangement opposes the compression of a progressively increasing force (claim 2).

The lower limit of the mentioned speed range and thus the design of the suspension is chosen so that a reliable function can still be expected with weak cartridges and contamination. Now the force of the spring arrangement does not increase linearly under load, but progressively, to such an extent that the spring arrangement can no longer be compressed significantly even when the strongest cartridges are fired. The above-mentioned disturbance must therefore no longer be expected.

An optimized spring characteristic can be achieved, for example, by a kind of plate spring stack. However, it is cheaper and simpler to equip the spring arrangement with a strong spring with an essentially linear force-displacement characteristic and additionally to provide a buffer arrangement which is only loaded after the spring has been partially compressed (claim 3). The spring and the buffer arrangement can be coordinated so that only the spring is loaded and expands again when weak cartridges are fired, but also the buffer arrangement when firing a stronger cartridge. The buffer arrangement can ensure the desired progressive behavior with simple means.

A buffer arrangement consisting of at least one stack of elastomer buffers with high hysteresis has proven to be optimal (claim 4). The stacking arrangement ensures that the buffering arrangement can be easily adapted to strong cartridges. In addition, elastomeric buffers tend to move transversely to the load and thus increase their diameter. The extent of the diameter increase is, however, a function of the length of the buffer, so that several stacked, short buffers increase in diameter less than a single, long buffer.

The hysteresis is particularly important. It has the effect that not all of the force introduced is returned to the closure carrier, as is the case with a spring. Buffers with hysteresis reduce and phase shift the returned spring force. So it is ultimately possible, even for the strongest cartridges, to reliably maintain the above-mentioned speed range within which the breech works properly.

It is thus possible, for example, to mix cartridges of caliber 12 mixed, that is to say to properly fire such cartridges of different sleeve lengths, approximately 70 mm and 16 mm long cartridges. By simply adjusting the spring and the buffer device, cartridges of caliber 12/65 or 12/89 can also be fired mixed, if this should not be possible with a standard adjustment anyway. In a conventional self-loading weapon with a bolt head and bolt carrier of the ^'closure exchanger leads during unlocking by a backward movement, while the bolt head, in turn, remains still stationary. The firing pin is mounted in the breech carrier so that the firing pin can only reach the primer of a cartridge when the weapon is already at least largely locked. Also to prevent this, the weapon according to the invention has an intermediate link, which is supported in the locked state on the breech head, via which the spring arrangement is supported on the breech head, and which is carried along by the breech carrier when it returns, so that the unlocked closure head is at least shortly after unlocking no longer loaded by the spring arrangement immediately. (Claim 5).

It is also proposed according to the invention that the

Firing pin is attached directly to the breech head (claim 6).

However, the cartridge could be ignited if the closure head was still on the cartridge, regardless of whether the shutter was locked or unlocked.

To prevent this, it is proposed in a further embodiment of the invention that a locking block is assigned to the locking head, which is penetrated by the firing pin freely in a locking position and locks the firing pin in a retracted, inactive position in an unlocked position (claim 7). The locking block thus acts as a kind of security, because the trigger can only ignite the cartridge when the breech head is locked. This embodiment of the invention is further improved in that the locking block has a bevel with which it takes the firing pin back into the inactive position during the transition from the locked to the unlocked position (claim 8). For example, if the firing pin gets stuck in the primer during the shot due to a cartridge error, then it is released by the locking block by its movement when unlocking and brought into an ineffective position.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, this locking block can be moved into and out of the locked position transversely to the axis of the soul in the locking head. In addition, it passes through the breech head and, in the locked position, falls into a recess in a component which is formed in one piece with the barrel or is firmly connected (claim 9). The incidence preferably takes place at three locations approximately evenly distributed over the circumference. With a shotgun, it is possible to oversize the recess and locking bolt due to the cartridge size. The locking bolt is preferably slightly beveled in the section which engages in the recess, so that a gentle locking (especially with large housing tolerances) and releasing the locking is always possible.

The closure carrier can be designed to be movable along the side of the closure head opposite the recess. The locking block has a front and a rear skirting board and the lock carrier has a front and a rear driver bar, in such a way that the returning shutter bracket runs with its front driver bar against the front skirting board of the locking block in the reverse direction in order to get it out of the recess to pull and and the closure carrier during its closing movement with its rear driver strip runs against the rear skirting board of the locking block in order to press it into the recess, at least one of the front and rear foot and driver bars being chamfered (claim 10).

When the locking head is locked, the locking carrier can be freely moved forward beyond the position which it assumes after the locking has been completed. If, on the other hand, the closure carrier moves backwards from this position, then after covering a more or less large lost motion distance it pulls the locking block out of the recesses and then also takes the closure head with it. It is immaterial how large the game is that is formed between the baseboards of the locking block and the carrier bars of the locking head. It is only important that the baseboards fit into the opening formed in the closure carrier between the carrier bars.

This enables simple and less precise production; inaccurate parts or spare parts can be installed without further adjustment.

The weapon according to the invention can be used, for example, for long-running machine guns or for self-loading rifles. The system according to the invention is particularly suitable for a self-loading shotgun (claim 11). It is precisely there that the person skilled in the art can create a self-loading shotgun by suitable coordination of the force and the structure of the spring device and the mass of the short-circuit carrier, which processes a wide variety of ammunition without problems, but only requires a fraction of the costs of other self-loading shotguns in the manufacture. The subject matter of the invention is explained in more detail with the aid of an exemplary embodiment and the attached schematic drawing. In this show:

1 shows a longitudinal section through the rear part of the barrel and the breech of a shotgun according to the invention, with the breech closed and locked.

FIG. 2 shows a section as in FIG. 1, but with the breech unlocked and immediately after a shot has been fired;

3.1 shows a longitudinal section through the closure carrier, on a slightly enlarged scale compared to FIGS. 1 and 2;

3.2 shows a perspective view of the closure carrier shown in FIG. 3.1 obliquely from above;

4 shows a cross section through the rearmost part (end section) of the running piece along the central axis of a locking recess;

4a shows the detail of FIG. 4, enlarged and seen transversely to the longitudinal direction of the weapon;

5.1 is a view of the locking block from behind;

5.2 is a side view of the locking block;

6 shows a view of the closure approximately in the state shown in FIG. 1, obliquely from above;

7 shows a greatly enlarged extractor claw; and 8 is a side view of the disassembly block; and

9 shows a section along the line IX-IX through the disassembly block of FIG. 8.

The drawing shows an exemplary embodiment of the invention. It is therefore only referred to individual figures of the drawing in the following if this makes it easier to find a specific element / feature.

The rifle, which is only partially shown, is a self-loading shotgun, which can be provided with a box magazine (FIGS. 1, 2). The shotgun has a barrel 1 with a central axis. Soul axis 37 on. In the rear part of this barrel piece, a cartridge chamber 3 is formed, to which an end section 4 of the barrel piece 1 connects to the rear. The end section 4 has an approximately U-shaped, downwardly open cross-section (FIG. 4) and has a central, upper locking recess 5 and two locking notches 6 at the bottom. The latter sit in the free ends of the two legs of the U-section. Approximately halfway up each U-leg there is a groove 10, which runs parallel to the inner axis 37 and in which a cartridge extractor 61 (FIG. 6) can run.

The cartridge chamber 3 is closed by a breech head 11 when the weapon is ready to fire. This is penetrated by a front vertical transverse bore, which in turn receives a locking block 25. This locking block has a reverse T-shaped cross section transverse to the axis of the core (FIG. 5); with a conical locking extension 7 at the free (upper) end of the central shaft and one locking finger 8 each at each of the two ends of the (lower) transverse shaft. In the locked position, the locking extension 7 engages in the locking recess 5 and at the same time the locking fingers 8 in the locking notches 6.

All engagement surfaces are at an angle to the vertical, in order to enable the locking block 25 to be engaged and released easily in the end section 4 of the barrel piece 1. However, the oblique angles of the surfaces are so low that the engagement is self-locking, that is to say cannot be opened to the rear by a force on the closure head 11 along the core axis 37.

Running piece 1 and breech head 11 are thus directly connected to one another during the shot and transmit the high initial forces directly to one another. No other element is affected by the power transmission. The rear end of the running piece 1 can therefore be embedded in a plastic housing 2. The greatest forces occurring are not introduced into the housing 2.

The closure head 11 sits on a closure carrier 13 (Fig. 3.1 and 3.2). This is movable relative to the closure head 11 by a certain distance. The closure carrier 13 has a longitudinal recess 54, in the region below the locking block 25 a transverse recess 53, and behind this a flat surface 59.

To the front, the transverse recess 53 is delimited on both sides of the longitudinal recess 54 by a nose 55, which projects upwards and backwards and projects beyond the flat surface 59.

The locking block 25 is designed such that, in its upper locking position, the lower surface of its transverse shaft is approximately flush with the lower surface of the lock. final head 11 completes (Fig. 1). In this position, the closure carrier 13 can move back and forth under the locking block 25, and the closure head 11 and the locking block 25 can slide on the flat surface 59 of the closure carrier 13.

If the closure carrier 13 moves backwards over the rest position shown in FIG. 1, then its two lugs 55 grasp the transverse shaft of the closure block 25 on both sides with their rear edges and pull it downward into the transverse recess 53. This position is shown in FIG. 2 shown. In it, the locking block 25 is released from the end section 4 of the Lau piece 1. The locking head 11 can now move backwards relative to the barrel 1.

The unlocked locking head 11 runs in its further backward movement in a guide (not shown) in the housing 2 that the locking block 25 can not move upwards.

When closing the breech head 11, it runs on the rear end of the cartridge chamber 3. The closure carrier 13 is then pulled or pressed further forward by a closing spring 9 (only indicated schematically as a direction of force). Here, a bevel 57 forming the rear wall of the transverse recess 53 loads the locking block 25 in the upward direction, that is, pushes it upwards during its forward movement until finally the flat surface 59 engages under the locking block 25 and the position of FIG. 1 is reached again.

In the locking head 11, a rotatable disassembly block 27 is arranged behind the locking block 25 and approximately parallel to the central shaft thereof, which block is held in its position of use by a catch 28 (FIGS. 1, 2, 6 and 8, 9). The disassembly block 27 is in a rear, vertical kalen transverse bore 23 in the closure head 11 added. The

Rest 28 can be triggered through the bore 24 in the closure head 11 (Fig. 6).

The locking block 25 and the disassembly block 27 are penetrated by a firing pin 19 and each have a bore 31 and 34 for this purpose.

The lower end of the disassembly block 27 is designed as a hammer foot 51, which runs in an upwardly open groove 49 with an inverted T-shaped cross section in the closure carrier 13. In the operating state, i.e. in the position of use, in which the hammer foot 51 engages under the flanks of the groove 49 on both sides and the disassembly block 27 is held by its catch 28, a shoulder 35 of the firing pin 19 runs against a projection 36 behind it in the bore of the disassembly block 27. This prevents the firing pin 19 from falling out of the locking head 11 in the position of use. If the disassembling block 27 is overcome by about one after overcoming the rest 28

Twisted eighth turn, then the firing pin 19 can be removed to the rear. Since the hammer foot 51 still engages under the upper flanks of the groove 49 in this state, the locking head 11 and the locking carrier 13 still remain assembled, while the firing pin 19 can be replaced. Only a full quarter turn of the disassembly block 27 (only possible after the firing pin 19 has been removed) releases the hammer foot 51 from the groove 49 and the locking head 11 can be lifted off the locking carrier 13.

The bore 31 penetrated by the firing pin 19 in the locking block 25 is formed as an elongated hole which allows the locking block 25 to assume the positions of FIGS. 1 and 2 (locked and unlocked) despite the presence of the firing pin 19. The firing pin 19 has one behind the slot 31

Thickening 29, while in the rear of the elongated hole 31 a bevelled recess 33 complementary to the thickening 29 is formed at the bottom. The recess 33 and the firing pin thickening 29 are designed such that the firing pin 19 can only dip into the elongated hole 31 when the locking block 25 is in its uppermost position (locking position of FIG. 1). In this position, the firing pin 19 can penetrate so deeply into the elongated hole 31 that its tip can come out of the front face of the breechhead 11 to ignite a cartridge.

If the locking block 25 is lowered, the recess 33 presses the firing pin thickening 29 back so far due to its special shape that the firing pin tip can no longer reach a cartridge. This ensures that a cartridge can only be fired if the breech head 11 is locked sufficiently.

As described, thickening 29 and paragraph 35 hold the firing pin 19 loosely between two end positions; the beveled recess 33 of the locking block forces the firing pin to be pulled back when unlocking. A firing pin spring is therefore usually superfluous and therefore need not be provided.

A handle, such as a sliding forearm, could now be attached to the closure carrier 13. A releasable lock could fix this handle in the foremost position. In this case, the closing spring 9 is of course not necessary, but the handle and thus the breech holder would be moved back and forth to load the weapon.

In the example shown, however, it is a self-loading machine. Here, the closure head 11 is to the rear extended by a central extension tube 15, which receives and guides the firing pin 19, which is also extended here. The rear end of the closure carrier 13 is expanded to form an abutment 43.

At a distance from the abutment 43, an intermediate piece 39 is suspended from the top of the closure carrier 13 in such a way that it is held forward by a step 40 in the closure carrier 13, but is displaceable to the rear.

Abutment 43 and intermediate piece 39 each have a through hole, both of which are aligned with one another and penetrated by the extension tube 15. The extension tube 15 serves as a holder for a strong compression spring or opening spring 17, which is preferably designed as a helically bent wire spring and surrounds the extension tube. The compression spring 17 is supported in the relaxed state at the rear and front on the abutment 43 or on the intermediate piece 39 (until the intermediate piece 39 is seated on the step 40 of the closure carrier 13).

This prevents rattling (due to the reciprocating compression spring 17) when the closure is open.

As can be seen, the strong opening spring 17 is largely ineffective. It only comes into effect when, in the locked position of FIG. 1, the closure head 11 moves relative to the closure carrier 13 to the rear.

Such a movement actually occurs when it is fired: then the rifle, that is to say also the barrel 1 and the locking head 11 locked with it, is forced to move backwards, which tends to remain in position in relation to the heavy locking carrier 13. This backward movement does not need a large amplitude exhibit. Squeezing a butt plate out

Rubber that is supported against a wall, for example, is sufficient.

If you look at the drawing, this real movement is difficult to imagine. Instead, it can be assumed that the breech carrier 13 moves a short distance forward when fired.

The following now occurs: during this forward movement, the closing spring 9 is relieved slightly, but instead the opening spring 17 is tensioned. The intermediate piece 39 and the abutment 43 move towards one another. This movement continues, depending on the strength of the recoil and therefore on the strength of the momentum of the fired cartridge.

When this movement comes to a standstill due to the compression of the opening spring 17, a countermovement starts, triggered by this compressed spring 17. In the course of this countermovement, the closure carrier 13 is now forcefully torn backwards, with its lugs 55 the locking block 25 pulls down and then takes the locking head 11 with it during its further backward movement. The rear end of the closure carrier 13 tensions the cock of a known knock-off mechanism, not shown here, and carries out a loading movement. During the advance, the locking block 25 is pressed up again in the manner described above and is supported from below with the flat, upper surface 59 of the closure carrier 13. It is completely irrelevant whether the closure carrier 13 is one millimeter further forward or not. Tolerances on one another therefore have no influence.

As already mentioned above, the - relative - advance of the breech carrier 13 when firing, the longer the recoil when firing. The opening tion spring 17, the stronger the

Recoil is. And the return of the entire closure 11, 13 is then all the more powerful. To compensate for this, additional shock absorbers in the form of elastomer buffers 41 are attached. For this purpose, two rods 45 are arranged on both sides of the center in the closure carrier 13, parallel to the core axis 37, which pass through the abutment 43 and dip into recesses in the intermediate piece 39. These rods 45 penetrate the elastomer buffers 41 mentioned. A flange 47 on each rod 45 between the abutment 43 and the buffer 41 prevents the rod 45 from slipping out to the rear. The above-mentioned recesses are open at the bottom for easy assembly.

The elastomer buffers 41 are preferably composed of several ring elements and preferably consist of a material with high hysteresis. If a weak cartridge is fired, the elastomer buffers 41 are not or hardly compressed. However, if a very strong cartridge is fired, then the two elastomer buffers 41 are strongly compressed, giving back less energy when they expand again than they have previously taken up. The increased recoil energy of strong cartridges is at least partially destroyed - more precisely converted into other forms of energy. As a result, the breech is capable of firing cartridges with very strongly varying recoil energy and thus muzzle energy, without another locking spring 17 having to be used or malfunctions occurring. A separate stop between the closure head 11 and the closure carrier 13 is missing. Only the arrangement of opening springs 17 and elastomer buffer (s) 41 serves as a stop.

Another advantage of the closure 11, 13 shown is that in its unlocked state (FIG. 2) the front surface of its closure carrier 13 is a little over the front surface of the closure head 11 protrudes. A cartridge can thus be conveyed upwards without its bottom catching on a cartridge extractor or on any projection on the front surface of the closure head 11. The closure head 11, which is not burdened thereby, also does not endeavor to lock "on the way".

As can be seen in FIG. 6, the breech head 11 in this exemplary embodiment unusually has two cartridge extractors 61 located opposite one another. Such a 'cartridge extractor 61 is shown enlarged in FIG. 7. As can be seen, it has a hook-like design with a rear-facing hook surface 63, which is intended to sit on the edge of a shotgun cartridge from the front. This edge is curved forward and outward, so that the hook surface 63 rests on a curved formation. Depending on whether the cartridge ejector (not shown) is arranged on the right or left, the cartridge case is ejected to the left or right. It is essential, however, that no eccentric longitudinal or transverse force acts on the cartridge case when it is pulled out, which could result from a single cartridge extractor 61. This ensures that even very long cartridge cases are pulled out properly. Only near the end of the return path of the breech acts an eccentric force on the cartridge case, which releases it first from one and then from the other cartridge extractor 61.

For the rest, you only have to move the ejector when changing from right to left ejection. The two cartridge extractors 61 remain where they are.

Claims

claims

1. Self-loading handgun with a rigid barrel (1) with cartridge chamber (3), a locking head (11) that can be locked relative to the barrel (1) and a locking carrier (13) that is relatively movable relative to the locking head (11) and on which a locking spring ( 9) is supported, an additional, strong spring arrangement (17, 41) being arranged between the closure carrier (13) and the closure head (11), by means of which the (heavy) closure carrier (13) is located when the closure head is locked

(11) is supported on the latter, characterized in that the closure head (11) is supported on the closure carrier (13) via the spring arrangement (17, 41) without any other end stop.

Self-loading weapon according to claim 1, characterized in that the spring arrangement (17, 41) opposes its compression with a progressive, non-linearly increasing force.

3. Self-loading weapon according to claim 2, characterized in that the spring arrangement (17, 41) has a strong spring (17) and parallel to this a buffer arrangement (41), the spring (17) having a substantially linear characteristic and the buffer arrangement (41) is only loaded after the spring (17) has been partially compressed.

4. Self-loading weapon according to claim 3, characterized in that the buffer arrangement (41) preferably consists of at least one stack of elastomer buffers with high hysteresis.

Self-loading weapon according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by an intermediate piece (39) via which the spring arrangement (17, 41) is supported in the locked state on the breech head (11)

Self-loading weapon according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the breech head (11) is traversed by a firing pin (19).

7. Self-loading weapon according to claim 6, characterized in that the breech head (11) is traversed by a locking block (25) which, in a locking position, is penetrated by the firing pin (19) in a freely movable manner and in an unlocked state

Position locks the firing pin (19) in a retracted, ineffective position.

8. Self-loading weapon according to claim 7, characterized in that the locking block (25) has a bevel (33) with which it takes the firing pin (19) back into its inactive position during the transition from the locked to the unlocked position.

9. Self-loading weapon according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the locking block (25) is movable transversely to the breech head (11) in and out of the locked position and in the locked position in a recess (5) in one component (4) occurs, which is integrally formed with the barrel (1) or firmly connected.

10. Self-loading weapon according to claim 9, characterized in that the locking block (25) has a baseboard (8) with a front and a rear guide surface and the closure carrier (13) is arranged on the side of the closure head (11) facing the baseboard (8), - has a front and a rear entrainment ledge (55, 57) such that, as the return progresses, with its front entrainment ledge (55 ) runs up against the front guide surface of the baseboard (8) of the locking block (25) in order to pull the latter out of the recess (5), and during its closing movement with its rear driving bar (57) against the rear guide surface of the baseboard (8) of the locking block (25) runs in order to press the latter into the recess (5) and possibly the locking notches (6), with at least one of the front and rear foot and driver strips (53, 55, 57, 59) one is beveled.

11. Self-loading weapon according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is a self-loading shotgun.