WO2000072974A1 - Zentrifuge - Google Patents
Zentrifuge Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000072974A1 WO2000072974A1 PCT/CH2000/000198 CH0000198W WO0072974A1 WO 2000072974 A1 WO2000072974 A1 WO 2000072974A1 CH 0000198 W CH0000198 W CH 0000198W WO 0072974 A1 WO0072974 A1 WO 0072974A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- drum
- helix
- centrifuge according
- flank
- axial
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04B—CENTRIFUGES
- B04B3/00—Centrifuges with rotary bowls in which solid particles or bodies become separated by centrifugal force and simultaneous sifting or filtering
- B04B3/04—Centrifuges with rotary bowls in which solid particles or bodies become separated by centrifugal force and simultaneous sifting or filtering discharging solid particles from the bowl by a conveying screw coaxial with the bowl axis and rotating relatively to the bowl
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04B—CENTRIFUGES
- B04B3/00—Centrifuges with rotary bowls in which solid particles or bodies become separated by centrifugal force and simultaneous sifting or filtering
- B04B3/02—Centrifuges with rotary bowls in which solid particles or bodies become separated by centrifugal force and simultaneous sifting or filtering discharging solid particles from the bowl by means coaxial with the bowl axis and moving to and fro, i.e. push-type centrifuges
Definitions
- the invention relates to a centrifuge with a rotating drum and with an ejection element which rotates with the drum in order to push a cake of solids deposited on the inside of the drum in the axial direction of the drum.
- the filter cake of a sedimentation or filtration centrifuge can be a mayonnaise-like, a theological pasteuse or a mass in the form of a saturated or unsaturated heap with a Mohr rupture limit curve.
- inverting filter centrifuge from Heinkel GmbH, D-74303 Bietigheim-Bissingen, Germany, in which batch filling, washing, dry spinning and emptying are possible in one stroke over the entire drum length.
- Movable cloth is used as the inverting filter, which poses a not inconsiderable risk of cloth rubbing getting into the product.
- a quasi-continuous double-thrust centrifuge is shown in the patent specification EP 0 635 309, in which an intermittent thrust floor is arranged in a sieve drum and reciprocally moves a ring made of solid material in its "wake" axially outwards by a stroke length.
- a disadvantage of the pusher centrifuge is that the maximum thrust pressure that occurs via a saturated pile is greatest when the filter cake is freshly placed on the pusher floor.
- the object of the present invention is to show centrifuges which can be adapted to different products and which allow different operating modes. This object is achieved with the features of independent claim 1, in that the ejection element has an ejection surface in the form of a helical coil, and in that the coil and drum are kinematically connected such that a reference point on the circumference of the coil relative to the drum rotates in the form of a sawtooth line executes, with a slope of a first flank of the saw teeth approximately corresponding to the pitch of the helix, while a second flank of the saw teeth corresponds to an approximately axial ejection movement.
- This arrangement has the advantage that with a small but repeated stroke in the axial direction, because of the axial expansion of the helix over the entire length of the drum, the solid cake is reliably ejected, largely independent of the product properties.
- there are structural advantages because only a small stroke is necessary for the ejection movement in the axial direction.
- Resistors to turn the helix back in their own track This can be exploited by a specific choice of the absolute direction of rotation of the drum and helix with regard to the pitch of the helix so that the guidance of the solid cake is sufficient, for example, for a multi-turn helix with a braking torque with respect to the helix rotation and with an axial tensile force in it Turn back track.
- Such a device would, for example, only be a hydraulic one Adjusting pistons and a power shift clutch with brake instead of a second drive for the helix are required.
- the kinematic connection for running back in its own track would then be given by the helix in the solid cake itself.
- Flank is smaller than that of the helix, there is still a slight ejection movement when passing through the first flank and a digging on the other side of the helix if the solid cake is only locally compliant with small ejection movements.
- a suspension can first be filled into the center of the drum, which is first centrifuged to dispense liquid, then can be brought into a washing area of the drum by "running backwards on the sawtooth line” and after washing and compacting of the solids to be transported in the discharge direction by "running forward on the sawtooth line” over the filling position.
- Batch operation also allows overlaid drying such as steam pressure or compressed air dehumidification.
- Fig. 1 shows a schematic side view of a pusher centrifuge with a
- Fig. 2 schematically drum and coil in a two-sided storage, the product being fed through a hollow shaft;
- Fig. 3 schematically drum and coil in an arrangement according to
- Fig. 1 wherein the coil is divided into several zones in which different products are fed;
- FIG. 4 schematically shows an arrangement as in FIG. 3, in which the drum is provided with a level adjustment
- Fig. 5 shows schematically an arrangement according to FIG. 1, in which the coil is provided with sealing washers, which in the drawn Seal the retracted position radially or axially against the drum and release the ejection side during an ejection stroke;
- FIG. 6 schematically shows an arrangement according to FIG. 1, in which the helix is designed as a two-speed belt screw;
- FIG. 7 schematically shows an arrangement according to FIG. 1, in which the helix and sieve drum are stepped;
- FIG. 8 schematically shows an arrangement according to FIG. 1, in which the helix and drum have a conically opening area in the ejection direction;
- FIG. 9 schematically shows an arrangement according to FIG. 2, in which a cylindrical drum is designed as a sieve towards the ejection side, while the helix is withdrawn radially towards the ejection side;
- Fig. 10 schematically as a development of a sawtooth line that carries out a point of the helix relative to the drum;
- Fig. 11 shows schematically a sawtooth line as in Fig. 10, wherein the
- FIG. 12 schematically shows a sawtooth line as in FIG. 10, which is generated with a constant relative rotation between drum and helix and with an axial piston limited in its stroke;
- Fig. 13 schematically shows a sawtooth line as in Fig. 10, which is generated with a constant but low relative rotation between the coil and drum and with a slow return stroke and a fast ejection stroke, the slope of the the first flank, ie should coincide approximately with the pitch of the helix during the return stroke;
- FIG. 14 schematically shows an arrangement according to FIG. 2, in which the helix is designed as a filtering screw;
- FIG. 16 schematically shows a section through a rotary piston in FIG. 15;
- Fig. 17 schematically shows a gear arrangement with a viscous
- FIG. 18 schematically shows a cross section through an arrangement in which a base layer in the filling zone is moved more slowly on average.
- the figures show a centrifuge with a rotating drum 1 and with an ejection element 2 which rotates with the drum in order to push in the axial direction 4 a cake 3 placed on the inside of the drum 1.
- the ejection element 2 has a helix 5 which extends over the length of the drum.
- the helix 5 and drum 1 are kinematically connected such that a reference point A on the circumference of the helix rotates relative to the drum in the form of a sawtooth line 6, 8, with a first flank 7 of the saw teeth 8 with its pitch ⁇ approximately equal to the pitch ⁇ of the helix corresponds, while a second flank 9 of the saw teeth 8 corresponds to an approximately axial ejection movement.
- the drum 1 shows a pusher centrifuge, the ejection element 2 of which rests in the form of a helix 5 on the inside of a circular cylindrical drum 1.
- the starting product is introduced into the rotating drum 1 in the form of a suspension via a feed pipe 32 and via the hollow shaft 20 executed ejection element via openings 22 in a filling zone 21 to the drum and centrifuged.
- the drum has a sieve-shaped outer surface on which the solids content settles into a cake 3.
- the helix performs a rotational and lifting movement relative to the drum, such that a point A on the circumference of the helix describes a sawtooth line 6 (see FIG. 10).
- a first flank 7 of a sawtooth 8 is achieved in that the reverse stroke and the rotation relative to the drum are linked to one another in such a way that the helix moves backwards in its own track. Any cake 3 set against the back is cut by the helix 5.
- the relative rotary movement between the helix 5 and the drum 1 can be interrupted and it can be waited until the cake 3 formed meets the conditions for an ejection stroke in the axial direction.
- the stroke which the helix 5 carries out in the axial direction need only be a fraction of its total axial length, since it extends to the point where it exits the drum 1 in order to ensure the axial transport of the cake.
- a short-stroke axial oscillation of the sawtooth movement of the helix can be superimposed, which spreads the cake on several
- the cake 3 is pushed gradually to the exit of the open drum 1 and with each step a ring piece of the cake is thrown off.
- a housing 33 intercepts the spun off liquid and the spun off solid parts, which emerge separately from a drain 35 and a discharge opening 36 in two separate zones.
- Drum 1 and helix 5 are rotatably supported relative to one another in a bearing block 31 and are driven by a main drive motor 28 by means of a belt drive 29.
- a base plate 30, which is applied to a foundation 34, supports the bearing block 31, the housing 33 and a sawtooth converter 41, which generates the relative sawtooth movement between the helix and the drum.
- a controller 27 coordinates the operating data of the system and controls the sawtooth converter 41.
- the speed at which the flanks 7, 9 of a sawtooth are traversed is adjustable.
- any length of pause in the relative rotation can be inserted at the reversal points for the axial stroke, i.e. Drum and helix rotate at the same speed in order to adapt the timing for the ejection movement according to the second flank 9 of a sawtooth to the most favorable moment in the process.
- drum 1 and helix 5 are supported on both sides by bearings 37, a shaft stub of the helix being designed as a feed pipe 32.
- the actual coil 5 is supported on a hollow shaft 20 in order to bring the product through openings 22 into the actual filling zone 21.
- the inside of the cylindrical drum is additionally coated with a finer sieve 17.
- the drum 1 is composed of two parts and has centrifugal window 40 on the ejection side, through the solid parts into the housing.
- the helix itself is designed with two gears.
- the sieve 17 does not extend over the entire length 13 of the helix 5.
- two further zones 23, 24 are adjacent, through which further Reagents such as Washing liquids can be introduced via pipes 38, 39.
- drain openings 15 can be provided on the end face of the drum 1, at which the level for the liquid level in the rotating drum can be set with adjustable covers.
- the helix 1 is also designed as a hollow shaft 20.
- the actual coil is sealed on both sides by side walls 14 to the drum 1.
- a gap on the outlet side through which the solids are thrown off i.e. a point A on the circumference of the helix moves with the cake on the second flank 9 of a sawtooth in the ejection direction and then for closing together with the moving side wall 14 on the first edge 7 of the sawtooth back into a rear starting position.
- the closing process can also be carried out relatively quickly and a longer dwell time in the rear starting position can be provided until the consistency is large enough for the next small ejection movement.
- the drum 1 with the side wall 14 on the discharge side also has the advantage that compressed air can be introduced into the drum via a pipe 63 coaxially mounted in the feed pipe 32 to increase the pressure.
- the helix 5 is designed as a band screw 19 which is fastened to the hollow shaft 20 via supports 42.
- the helix is double-threaded, ie two slugs are arranged at 180 ° to each other.
- the ribbon screw generally allows a better distribution of the suspension.
- the inside of the drum 1 is stepped.
- the larger diameter is on the discharge side.
- the helix 5 radially jumps outwards.
- the rear starting position for ejection on the second flank 9 of a sawtooth is defined in such a way that point A cannot move into the shoulder at the jump in diameter.
- the filter cake moves over the jump in diameter and is broken open again. It can be advantageous to set the ejection movement 9 so slowly for certain products that a shift occurs at the jump in diameter.
- the helix is turned back on the first flank 7 of the sawtooth into the original axial starting position while a certain angle of rotation has been traversed tangentially.
- a cutting edge 43 which cuts backwards into the cake layered at the diameter jump of the drum.
- the angle of rotation is set by selecting an appropriate axial stroke so that it does not correspond to a whole-number fraction of 360 °, so that with advancing time all areas of the shoulder in the drum 1 are cut free once by this cutting edge.
- the effect of the cutting edge on the back of the drum is analogous.
- a conical section 18 adjoins a cylindrical part at the filling zone 21.
- the ejection of the cake is supported by the centrifugal forces on the cake and by the slope of the cone of the drum 1.
- the play of a point A in the conical section 18 of the drum 1 increases.
- the angle of rotation achieved with the retraction is not an integral fraction of 360 °, so that all surfaces in the conical section once to enjoy the little game come at the beginning of the ejection movement and thus no permanent deposits arise.
- the drum 1 with its outer surface 16 is cylindrical and is supported on both sides with bearings 37 and is composed of two bodies in order to be able to insert the inner parts.
- the product supply (not shown here) takes place through a hollow stub shaft of the helix 5.
- Adjustable outflow openings 15 determine the level of the liquid.
- the lateral surface 16 is designed as a sieve 17 only towards the outlet. The radial height of the helix is reduced in this sieve area with a cone as the enveloping surface. The cake is released through centrifugal window 40 on the exit side.
- a trench 11 can also be produced with a continuous rotary movement between the helix 5 and the drum 1 if a suitable axial movement is superimposed thereon.
- a point F shifts to G and creates a trench 11 in its "wake" as long as the cake is only deformed.
- the axial ejection from G to H occurs suddenly and the cake jumps.
- the reference point in the track of the helix moves back from H to F '. Approaching the other points G ', H' on the sawtooth line are repetitions.
- the helix 5 is designed as a double helix with axial holes 56 in order to form a filtering screw 57, which additionally collects axially escaping liquid and outwards through the sieve 17 delivers.
- the filling zone with openings 22 is arranged opposite to the discharge openings 40 on the discharge side.
- a rotary piston 58 is combined as a hydraulic rotary drive 25 with a freewheel 59 so that a support of the helix on the filter cake is sufficient to turn the rotary piston after a reverse rotation corresponding to the second flank of a sawtooth to turn back to its original starting position and then to execute an ejection movement in the axial direction with a hydraulic piston 25.
- the actual target position of the helix with its axis 5a to the axis 1a of the drum is predetermined by a controller (not shown here), while the actual position with respect to the relative rotation between the helix and drum is queried by a sensor 60 and the axial actual position of the helix is queried by a sensor 61.
- the rotary piston 58 is driven with oil via supply lines 58a, 58b in order to carry out a relative rotary movement to the drum which occurs during the
- Reverse rotation of the helix is transmitted through the locked freewheel 59 on axis 5a of the helix 5, while the return of the rotary piston 58 to its original position takes place without rotation of the helix by releasing the freewheel 59.
- the ejection piston 25 is controlled via oil lines 25a, 25b and provides the axial adjustment between the helical axis 5a and the drum axis 1a.
- the rotary piston 58 has already been turned back into its starting position by the release in the freewheel 59 and is held on a stop 62 by the oil pressure. If the ejection piston 25 is now actuated for a predetermined rapid ejection movement, the helical shaft 5a shifts to the right and ejects part of the filter cake. If there is a concern with a large incline of the helix that the helical rotation of the helix is inadmissible during the ejection movement, the freewheel 59 can be replaced by an electromagnetic clutch which fixes the two shafts with respect to each other during the ejection movement. Despite the blocked rotation, between the inner part of the clutch and the actual helical shaft 5a as with the inner part of An axial shift take place 59 because the shaft end 5b is displaceable as a toothed shaft in the inner part.
- a selectable pause with respect to the relative movement between the helix 5 and the drum 1 can be switched on.
- the second flank 9 of the sawtooth requires an incline corresponding to the helix.
- This predetermined slope is generated by the control system, for example by specifying a rotational speed for the rotary piston 58 and specifying an axial adjustment speed for the hydraulic piston 25 corresponding to the helix.
- the hydraulic adjustment elements 58, 25 can be operated as an open control chain in which the sensors 60, 61 only function as limit switches, or as a control circuit in which the sensors 60, 61 continuously transmit the actual position values to the control system.
- the helical shaft 5a, 5b is inevitably carried along with the rotary piston 58.
- the helical shaft 5a is moved axially back and forth along a stationary anchored hydraulic piston 25.
- the main drive for the drum shaft 1 a is provided as in Fig. 1.
- the movement of the drum shaft 1a is taken off via a wheel set 48 and transmitted to the helical shaft 5a via a viscous coupling 46 and a second wheel set 47.
- the slip in the clutch is controlled so that both shafts 5a, 1a rotate at the same speed in order to generate pauses for depositing the product and for rapid ejection on the second flank 9 of a sawtooth, while when turning backwards on the first flank 7 the slip, which can be measured via the sensors 60a, 60b, is changed so that the helix turns backwards in its own track.
- the coupling in the coupling 53 can be carried out with an electrically polarizable liquid, as is known from electro-rheology and is sold, for example, by Bayer, Leverkusen.
- the fact that the wheel set 47 has a straight toothing with respect to the helical shaft 5a means that this can be axially displaced.
- the axial movement is monitored by a sensor 61 and coordinated in the control 27 by comparison with a setpoint input 49 for rotation and axial movement with the measurements of the sensors 60a, 60b for the control along a sawtooth line.
- This means that the control 27 also comprises a hydraulic part with which the hydraulic piston 25 is controlled.
- the invention is not restricted to the embodiments of helical coils listed so far.
- the screw spirals used can be provided with interruptions in order to form a “segment screw” or can be designed with different blade thicknesses over their length. It is also possible to slightly change the pitch of the screw in certain areas or to provide the screw with sealing elements for sealing the drum.
Landscapes
- Centrifugal Separators (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU34147/00A AU3414700A (en) | 1999-05-27 | 2000-04-05 | Centrifuge |
US09/979,478 US6547972B1 (en) | 1999-05-27 | 2000-04-05 | Centrifuge with ejector for solids |
JP2000621076A JP4365043B2 (ja) | 1999-05-27 | 2000-04-05 | 遠心機 |
EP00912324A EP1181103B1 (de) | 1999-05-27 | 2000-04-05 | Zentrifuge |
DE50005694T DE50005694D1 (de) | 1999-05-27 | 2000-04-05 | Zentrifuge |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP99810460.8 | 1999-05-27 | ||
EP99810460A EP1057533A1 (de) | 1999-05-27 | 1999-05-27 | Zentrifuge |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2000072974A1 true WO2000072974A1 (de) | 2000-12-07 |
Family
ID=8242849
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/CH2000/000198 WO2000072974A1 (de) | 1999-05-27 | 2000-04-05 | Zentrifuge |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6547972B1 (de) |
EP (2) | EP1057533A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP4365043B2 (de) |
AU (1) | AU3414700A (de) |
DE (1) | DE50005694D1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2000072974A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2004085605A1 (ja) * | 2003-03-27 | 2004-10-07 | Shima System Co., Ltd. | 濃縮した日本酒、濃縮した日本酒の製造方法、遠心分離装置、及び酒類の濃縮装置 |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ES2619155T3 (es) * | 2005-11-18 | 2017-06-23 | Ferrum Ag | Cartucho de centrífuga |
DE102008048091B4 (de) * | 2008-09-19 | 2010-07-08 | Börger GmbH | Flüssigkeitsabscheider |
DK201870747A1 (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2020-06-23 | Bollfilter Nordic Aps | Filter candle and method for operating such filter candle |
KR102504657B1 (ko) * | 2019-11-18 | 2023-02-27 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 가압 원심 탈수기 |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH452441A (de) * | 1966-08-23 | 1968-05-31 | Escher Wyss Ag | Schubzentrifuge |
DE1960015A1 (de) * | 1969-01-22 | 1970-09-17 | Ind Forschungszentrum Chemiean | Kontinuierliche Filtrierzentrifuge |
WO1982001668A1 (en) * | 1980-11-12 | 1982-05-27 | Georg Schilp | Centrifuge with displaceable button for discharging solid material |
SU1011270A1 (ru) * | 1981-03-24 | 1983-04-15 | Предприятие П/Я В-2262 | Центрифуга |
DE3236428A1 (de) * | 1982-09-06 | 1983-07-21 | Escher Wyss Gmbh, 7980 Ravensburg | Doppel-schubzentrifuge |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2718309A (en) * | 1951-09-13 | 1955-09-20 | Conveyor Company Inc | Centrifugal dehydrator |
US2858942A (en) * | 1954-05-21 | 1958-11-04 | Union Carbide Corp | Centrifugal separator |
US4366951A (en) * | 1982-02-16 | 1983-01-04 | Belsky Valentin I | Apparatus for refining metal melts from insuluble impurities |
US5030348A (en) * | 1986-11-03 | 1991-07-09 | Roto-Sieve Ab | Arrangement for an inlet and outlet in a rotating drum sieve |
JPH0642931B2 (ja) * | 1990-08-16 | 1994-06-08 | 孝一 荒井 | スクレーパ濾過装置 |
US5653879A (en) * | 1996-02-16 | 1997-08-05 | Schroeder; Vern | Liquid and solid separator |
JPH11216313A (ja) * | 1998-02-03 | 1999-08-10 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | 脱水濃縮装置 |
-
1999
- 1999-05-27 EP EP99810460A patent/EP1057533A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2000
- 2000-04-05 EP EP00912324A patent/EP1181103B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-05 DE DE50005694T patent/DE50005694D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-05 AU AU34147/00A patent/AU3414700A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-04-05 WO PCT/CH2000/000198 patent/WO2000072974A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 2000-04-05 US US09/979,478 patent/US6547972B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-04-05 JP JP2000621076A patent/JP4365043B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH452441A (de) * | 1966-08-23 | 1968-05-31 | Escher Wyss Ag | Schubzentrifuge |
DE1960015A1 (de) * | 1969-01-22 | 1970-09-17 | Ind Forschungszentrum Chemiean | Kontinuierliche Filtrierzentrifuge |
WO1982001668A1 (en) * | 1980-11-12 | 1982-05-27 | Georg Schilp | Centrifuge with displaceable button for discharging solid material |
SU1011270A1 (ru) * | 1981-03-24 | 1983-04-15 | Предприятие П/Я В-2262 | Центрифуга |
DE3236428A1 (de) * | 1982-09-06 | 1983-07-21 | Escher Wyss Gmbh, 7980 Ravensburg | Doppel-schubzentrifuge |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
DATABASE WPI Section Ch Week 8403, Derwent World Patents Index; Class J01, AN 84-047282, XP002118317 * |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2004085605A1 (ja) * | 2003-03-27 | 2004-10-07 | Shima System Co., Ltd. | 濃縮した日本酒、濃縮した日本酒の製造方法、遠心分離装置、及び酒類の濃縮装置 |
EP1607473A1 (de) * | 2003-03-27 | 2005-12-21 | Shima System Co., Ltd. | Konzentrierter sake, verfahren zur herstellung von konzentriertem sake, zentrifuge und vorrichtung zur konzentration von sake und dergleichen |
EP1607473A4 (de) * | 2003-03-27 | 2008-09-03 | Shima System Co Ltd | Konzentrierter sake, verfahren zur herstellung von konzentriertem sake, zentrifuge und vorrichtung zur konzentration von sake und dergleichen |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP4365043B2 (ja) | 2009-11-18 |
AU3414700A (en) | 2000-12-18 |
EP1057533A1 (de) | 2000-12-06 |
JP2003530203A (ja) | 2003-10-14 |
US6547972B1 (en) | 2003-04-15 |
EP1181103A1 (de) | 2002-02-27 |
DE50005694D1 (de) | 2004-04-22 |
EP1181103B1 (de) | 2004-03-17 |
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