WO2000018233A1 - Synthetic analogs of ecteinascidin-743 - Google Patents

Synthetic analogs of ecteinascidin-743 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000018233A1
WO2000018233A1 PCT/US1999/022405 US9922405W WO0018233A1 WO 2000018233 A1 WO2000018233 A1 WO 2000018233A1 US 9922405 W US9922405 W US 9922405W WO 0018233 A1 WO0018233 A1 WO 0018233A1
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compound
formula
group
ethyl acetate
mmol
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PCT/US1999/022405
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French (fr)
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Elias J. Corey
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President And Fellows Of Harvard College
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Priority to AT99948484T priority Critical patent/ATE303063T1/en
Priority to EP99948484A priority patent/EP1117297B1/en
Priority to AU61650/99A priority patent/AU765439B2/en
Priority to NZ510734A priority patent/NZ510734A/en
Priority to MXPA01003339A priority patent/MXPA01003339A/en
Priority to CA002345297A priority patent/CA2345297C/en
Priority to JP2000571761A priority patent/JP4638985B2/en
Priority to DE69927039T priority patent/DE69927039T2/en
Publication of WO2000018233A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000018233A1/en
Priority to HK02100545.8A priority patent/HK1039727B/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D491/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
    • C07D491/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains four or more hetero rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents

Definitions

  • Et ecteinascidins
  • U.S. Patent No. 5,721,362 which describes a synthetic process for the formation of ecteinascidin compounds and related structures, such as the saframycins.
  • the patent provides a synthetic route for the formation of ecteinascidin 743, an exceedingly potent marine-derived antitumor agent, now in clinical trials.
  • the process of this patent is enantio- and stereocontrolled, convergent and short.
  • novel process intermediates useful not only in the total synthesis of ecteinascidin 743, but also other known ecteinascidin compounds, including derivatives and analogs thereof.
  • Et 743 (NSC 648766) is currently undergoing evaluation by the National Cancer Institute on the basis of exceedingly potent activity in vivo against a variety of tumors.
  • the present invention is directed to compounds having the following formula:
  • each dotted circle represents one, two or three optional double bonds
  • R7 and Rs may be joined into a carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring system: and wherein Xi and X 2 are each independently defined as above for Ri - Ra, and further include the definitions of Xi and X 2 as provided below for the preferred embodiments.
  • Preferred compounds of the present invention have the following formula:
  • each dotted circle represents one, two or three optional double bonds
  • Xi and X 2 are each independently defined as above for Ri - Ra, and further include the definitions of Xi and X 2 as provided below for the preferred embodiments.
  • Suitable halogen substituents in the compounds of the present invention include F, Cl, Br and I.
  • Alkyl groups preferably have from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, still more preferably 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, and most preferably 1 , 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms.
  • Methyl, ethyl and propyl including isopropyl are particularly preferred alkyl groups in the compounds of the present invention.
  • the term alkyl unless otherwise modified, refers to both cyclic and noncyclic groups, although cyclic groups will comprise at least three carbon ring members.
  • alkenyl and alkynyl groups in the compounds of the present invention have one or more unsaturated linkages and from 2 to about 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to about 8 carbon atoms, still more preferably 2 to about 6 carbon atoms, even more preferably 1 , 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms.
  • alkenyl and alkynyl as used herein refer to both cyclic and noncyclic groups, although straight or branched noncyclic groups are generally more preferred.
  • Preferred alkoxy groups in the compounds of the present invention include groups having one or more oxygen linkages and from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, more preferably from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, and still more preferably 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, and most preferably 1, 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms.
  • Preferred alkylthio groups in the compounds of the present invention have one or more thioether linkages and from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, more preferably from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, and still more preferably 1 to about 6 carbon atoms. Alkylthio groups having 1 , 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms are particularly preferred.
  • Preferred alkylsulfinyl groups in the compounds of the present invention include those groups having one or more sulfoxide (SO) groups and from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, more preferably from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, and still more preferably 1 to about 6 carbon atoms. Alkylsulfinyl groups having 1 , 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms are particularly preferred.
  • Preferred alkylsulfonyl groups in the compounds of the present invention include those groups having one or more sulfonyl (SO 2 ) groups and from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, more preferably from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, and still more preferably 1 to about 6 carbon atoms. Alkylsulfonyl groups having 1 , 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms are particularly preferred.
  • Preferred aminoalkyl groups include those groups having one or more primary, secondary and/or tertiary amine groups, and from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, still more preferably 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, even more preferably 1, 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms.
  • Secondary and tertiary amine groups are generally more preferred than primary amine moieties.
  • Suitable heteroaromatic groups in the compounds of the present invention contain one, two or three heteroatoms selected from N, O or S atoms and include, e.g., coumarinyl including 8-coumarinyl, quinolinyl including 8- quinolinyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, thienyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, imidazolyl, indolyl, benzofuranyl and benzothiazol.
  • Suitable heteroalicyclic groups in the compounds of the present invention contain one, two or three heteroatoms selected from N, O or S atoms and include, e.g., tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, piperidinyl, morpholino and pyrrolindinyl groups.
  • Suitable carbocyclic aryl groups in the compounds of the present invention include single and multiple ring compounds, including multiple ring compounds that contain separate and/or fused aryl groups.
  • Typical carbocyclic aryl groups contain 1 to 3 separate or fused rings and from 6 to about 18 carbon ring atoms.
  • carbocyclic aryl groups include phenyl including substituted phenyl, such as 2-substituted phenyl, 3-substituted phenyl, 2, 3-substituted phenyl, 2,5-substituted phenyl, 2,3,5-substituted and 2,4,5-substituted phenyl, including where one or more of the phenyl substituents is an electron- ithdrawing group such as halogen, cyano, nitro, alkanoyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl and the like; naphthyl including 1-naphthyl and 2- naphthyl; biphenyl; phenanthryl; and anthracyl.
  • substituted phenyl such as 2-substituted phenyl, 3-substituted phenyl, 2, 3-substituted phenyl, 2,5-substituted phenyl, 2,3,5
  • references herein to substituted R' groups in the compounds of the present invention refer to the specified moiety that may be substituted at one or more available positions by one or more suitable groups, e.g., halogen such as fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo; cyano; hydroxyl; nitro; azido; alkanoyl such as a C ⁇ -6 alkanoyl group such as acyl and the like; carboxamido; alkyl groups including those groups having 1 to about 12 carbon atoms or from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms and more preferably 1-3 carbon atoms; alkenyl and alkynyl groups including groups having one or more unsaturated linkages and from 2 to about 12 carbon or from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms; alkoxy groups having those having one or more oxygen linkages and from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms or 1 to about 6 carbon atoms; aryloxy such as phenoxy; alkylthio groups including those moieties having one or more thio
  • One especially preferred embodiment of the present invention is the novel ecteinascidin-like compounds that have been prepared from Compound 1 :
  • Xi and X 2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of:
  • Z is selected from the group consisting of:
  • n 1, 2, 3...20
  • compositions useful as antitumor agents comprising an effective antitumor amount of one or more of the compounds of the present invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent, carrier or excipient.
  • Yet another especially preferred embodiment of the present invention is the synthetic intermediates of the compounds of the present invention as described in detail below.
  • the present invention includes the synthetic processes described herein.
  • the currently most preferred compound of the present invention is the compound of formula 7:
  • the first step for producing the preferred compound 7 of the present invention is the high yield conversion (93%) of the phenol compound 1 to the allyl ether compound 2.
  • the second step is the high yield (99%) removal of the TBDPS protecting group to form the free alcohol compound 3.
  • the third step in this process is the high yield (91%) coupling of phthalimide to the free alcohol compound 3 to yield the phthalimide derivative, compound 4.
  • the phthalimide compound 4 is then converted in high yield (97%) to the phenol compound 5.
  • Phenol compound 5 is converted in high yield (94%) to the methoxymethyl ether compound 6.
  • the phthalimide compound 4 can be treated with several reagents to produce in high yield (91%) the methoxymethyl ether compound 6.
  • the methoxymethyl ether compound 6 is finally reacted with trifluoroacetic acid to provide the desired compound 7, in high yield (94%).
  • the overall yield of this process is about 72%.
  • Scheme II The Scheme I method can be modified for the preparation of a preferred group of compounds. This modification is shown below in Scheme II: Scheme II
  • Xi is the radical provided by the phthalimide, dicarboximide or equivalent compound.
  • Especially preferred compounds prepared by the Scheme II process include the compounds wherein Xi has the formula:
  • each R group which may be the same or be different, is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, amino, halogen, nitro, Ci-C ⁇ -alkyl, Ci-C ⁇ - alkoxy, Ci-C ⁇ -acyl, aryl, especially phenyl or alkylaryl, especially benzyl.
  • the phenol compound 5 may be transformed into a number of derivatives, as shown in Scheme III:
  • X2 is the radical provided by the carboxylic acid.
  • X 2 groups are selected from the group consisting of:
  • X 2 is the radical provided by the alkylating agent.
  • Representative derivatives of this type include the compounds wherein X 2 is selected from the group consisting of:
  • Alcohol (3) (61.5 mg, 0.109 mmol) and phthalimide (18.8 mg, 0.128 mmol) were azeotropically dried with toluene (2 x 5 mL) and dissolved in THF (3.8 mL).
  • Triphenylphosphine (35.0 mg, 0.133 mmol) was added followed by diethyl azodicarboxylate (19.0 ⁇ L, 0.121 mmol). The reaction turned yellow and then a bright orange color within 5 minutes. After stirring at 23°C for 2 h the reaction was concentrated in vacuo at 23 ° C.
  • Phthalimide (4) (20.0 mg, 0.0289 mmol) and acetic acid (16.5 ⁇ L, 0.289 mmol) were dissolved in methylene chloride (0.8 mL).
  • PdCl2(PPh3)2 1 -0 mg, 1.4 ⁇ mol was added followed by tributyltin hydride (21.0 ⁇ L, 0.0779 mmol). Bubbling was observed and the reaction changes from a yellow to a dark orange color. After stirring at 23°C for 10 min the reaction was quenched into water (20 mL), extracted with methylene chloride (2 x 20 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, decanted and concentrated in vacuo.
  • Phenol (5) (1.1 mg, 0.0017 mmol) was dissolved in methylene chloride (0.15 mL). 4-Dimethylaminopyridine (0.5 mg, 0.0041 mmol) and acetic anhydride (0.5 ⁇ L, 0.0053 mmol) were added to the solution which was stirred at 23 °C for 30 min. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (0.5 mL silica gel, gradient 1:4 to 1: 1 to 2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane) to afford Compound 6 (1.1 mg, 94%).
  • phthalimide (4) (68.5 mg, 0.99 mmol) and acetic acid (17.0 ⁇ L, 0.30 mmol) were dissolved in methylene chloride (6.0 mL).
  • PdCl2(PPh3)2 (3.5 mg, 5 ⁇ mol) was added followed by tributyltin hydride (67.0 ⁇ L, 0.25 mmol). Bubbling was observed and the reaction changes from a yellow to a dark orange color.
  • triethylamine (55.0 ⁇ L, 0.40 mmol)
  • 4-dimethylaminopyridine 5.5 mg, 0.045 mmol
  • acetic anhydride (38.0 ⁇ L, 0.39 mmol).
  • the methoxymethyl ether (6) (3.8 mg, 0.00547 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of trifluoroacetic acid-THF-water (4: 1: 1 (v/v), 4.0 mL) and the solution was stirred at 23°C for 7 h.
  • the reaction mixture was diluted with toluene (5 mL) and the solution was concentrated in vacuo. Additional volatiles were removed by repetitive in vacuo azeotropic concentration from toluene (3 x 5 mL).
  • phthalimides and dicarboximides were not commercially available and had to be synthesized from the commercially available anhydrides or dicarboxylic acids using a variety of established methodologies.
  • the dicarboxylic acids were converted to the anhydrides by heating with acetic anhydride. Heating the anhydrides with urea 1 , urethane ⁇ or formamide 3 at
  • the 1 ,2-Naphthalimide was synthesized via a Diels-Alder with ⁇ -bromostyrene and maleimide.5 p-Toluenesulfonyl isocyanate and t-butanol were reacted in order to generate the BOC-protected tolylsulfonamide.”
  • the dicarboximides were systematically dried under vacuum (60°C, 30 mm) and by toluene azeotrope immediately before use.
  • the methoxymethyl ether was dissolved in a mixture of trifluoroacetic acid-THF-water (4: 1: 1 (v/v), 1.2 mL) and the solution was stirred at 23 °C for 11 h.
  • the reaction mixture was diluted with toluene (1 mL) and the solution was concentrated in vacuo. Additional volatiles were removed by repetitive in vacuo azeotropic concentration from toluene (3 x 1 mL).
  • the residue was purified by flash column chromatography (0.5 mL silica gel, gradient methylene chloride to 2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane) to afford the desired product.
  • Nitro compound (14) (0.5 mg, 0.00072 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (0.4 mL), 10% Pd/C (0.2 mg) and ammonium formate (12.0 mg, 0.19 mmol) were added at 23°C and the reaction was stirred for 40 min. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (2 mL), filtered through a plug of Celite, concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by flash column chromatography (1.5 mL silica gel, 2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane) to afford Compound 20 (0.3 mg, 63%).
  • Alcohol (9) (1.0 mg, 0.0018 mmol) was dissolved in methylene chloride (0.2 mL) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (0.1 mg, 0.00082 mmol) and phenyl isocyanate (0.5 ⁇ L, 0.0046 mmol) were added to the solution.
  • the reaction was stirred at 23 ⁇ C for 3 hr and then quenched into a saturated solution of aqueous sodium bicarbonate (10 mL).
  • the mixture was extracted with methylene chloride (2 x 5 mL) and the organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, decanted and concentrated in vacuo to afford a residue (1.2 mg, 100%).
  • Phthalimide (7) (0.3 mg, 0.00046 mmol) was dissolved in methylene chloride (0.2 mL) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (0.6 mg, 0.0049 mmol) and acetic anhydride ( 1.0 ⁇ L, 0.010 mmol) were added to the solution. The reaction was stirred at 23°C for 20 min and then purified by flash column chromatography (0.3 mL silica gel, gradient methylene chloride to ethyl acetate) to afford Compound 23 (0.3 mg, 94%).
  • Phthalimide (7) (0.7 mg, 0.001 1 mmol) was dissolved in methylene chloride (0.2 mL) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (1.0 ⁇ L, 0.0058 mmol) and N- chlorosuccinimide (0.66 mg, 0.0049 mmol) were added to the solution.
  • the reaction was stirred at 23 C C for 28 hr and passed through a small plug of silica gel with ethyl acetate. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by preparative thin layer chromatography ( 10% ethyl acetate- methylene chloride, three elutions) to afford Compound 24 (0.5 mg, 68%).
  • Phthalimide (7) (0.5 mg, 0.00077 mmol) was dissolved in a 0.0056 M solution of N-bromosuccinimide in methylene chloride (0.14 mL, 0.00079 mmol). The reaction was stirred at 23°C for 40 min and was then quenched into a saturated solution of sodium thiosulfate (10 mL). The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate ( 10 mL) and the organic layers were washed with water (2 x 20 mL) and saturated aqueous sodium chloride (20 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, decanted and concentrated in vacuo.
  • Phthalimide (7) (0.5 mg, 0.00077 mmol) was dissolved in 3:2 acetonitrile- water (0.25 mL). Silver nitrate (4.0 mg, 0.024 mmol) was added as a solid and the solution was stirred at 23°C for 1 1 hr. The reaction was quenched by stirring with a 1 : 1 mixture of saturated aqueous sodium chloride and saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (0.5 mL) for 15 min.
  • Phthalimide (4) (3.6 mg, 0.0052 mmol) was azeotropically dried with toluene (2 x 2 mL) and dissolved in THF (0.5 mL). The mixture was cooled to - 78°C in a dry ice-acetone bath and a 1.0 M solution of L-Selectride in THF ( 10 ⁇ L, 0.010 mmol) was added drop-wise. The reaction was warmed to 23°C slowly over 5 hr and was quenched with 2 drops of 5% acetic acid in water.
  • Phthalimide (4) (3.6 mg, 0.0052 mmol) was azeotropically dried with toluene (2 x 2 mL) and dissolved in THF (0.5 mL). The mixture was cooled to - 78°C in a dry ice-acetone bath and a 1.0 M solution of L-Selectride in THF (10 ⁇ L, 0.010 mmol) was added dropwise. The reaction was warmed to 23°C slowly over 5 hr and was quenched with 2 drops of 5% acetic acid in water.
  • This material (3.0 mg, 0.004 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of trifluoroacetic acid-THF-water (4: 1: 1 (v/v), 1.2 mL) and the solution was stirred at 23 °C for 11 h.
  • the reaction mixture was diluted with toluene (1 mL) and the solution was concentrated in vacuo. Additional volatiles were removed by repetitive in vacuo azeotropic concentration from toluene (3 x 1 mL) .
  • Alcohol (4) (14.3 mg, 0.025 mmol) was azeotropically dried with toluene (2 x 1 mL) in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in methylene chloride (0.5 mL) and to this solution was added N,N-diisopropylethylamine (9.0 ⁇ L, 0.052 mmol), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (9.4 mg, 0.077 mmol) and p-toluenesulfonic anhydride (29.0 mg, 0.089 mmol). The reaction was stirred at 23°C for 13 hr and was then quenched into a half- saturated solution of aqueous sodium bicarbonate (10 mL).
  • Tosylate (29) (14.0 mg, 0.020 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (0.5 mL). Lithium azide (7.7 mg, 0.16 mmol) was added and the reaction was placed in a 70°C oil bath for 20 min. The reaction was cooled to room temperature, diluted with 1: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane (20 mL) and washed with water (3 x 20 mL) and saturated aqueous sodium chloride (20 mL). The organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, decanted and concentrated in vacuo.
  • Tosylate (29) (1.0 mg, 0.0014 mmol) was dissolved in a saturated solution of potassium 4-pyridinedicarboimide (0.2 mL, -30 equiv.). After stirring at 23°C for 4 hr the reaction was diluted with 1 : 1 ethyl acetate-hexane (10 mL) and washed with water (10 mL). The aqueous was extracted with 1 : 1 ethyl acetate- hexane (10 mL) and the combined organic layers were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride (10 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, decanted and concentrated in vacuo.
  • This material was dissolved in a mixture of trifluoroacetic acid-THF-water (4: 1: 1 (v/v), 1.2 mL) and the solution was stirred at 23°C for 11 hr.
  • the reaction mixture was diluted with toluene ( 1 mL) and the solution was concentrated in vacuo. Additional volatiles were removed by repetitive in vacuo azeotropic concentration from toluene (3 x 1 mL) .
  • Amine (31) (0.6 mg, 0.001 1 mmol) was dissolved in methylene chloride (0.5 mL). To this mixture was added 4-dimethylaminopyridine (0.5 mg, 0.0041 mmol) and ⁇ , ⁇ -dibromoxylene (0.5 mg, 0.0019 mmol). After stirring at 23°C for 3 hr the reaction was purified by flash column chromatography (0.6 mL silica gel, gradient methylene chloride to 1 : 1 ethyl acetate-hexane) to afford a film (0.5 mg, 71%).
  • Amine (31) (0.6 mg, 0.001 1 mmol) was dissolved in methylene chloride (0.5 mL). To this mixture was added 4-dimethylaminopyridine (0.5 mg, 0.0041 mmol), pyruvic acid (0.5 ⁇ L, 0.0072 mmol) and l-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3- ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (0.5 mg, 0.0026 mmol). After stirring at 23°C for 3 hr the reaction was purified by flash column chromatography (0.6 mL silica gel, gradient methylene chloride to 1: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane) to afford a film (0.5 mg, 73%).
  • Phenol (5) (1.0 mg, 0.0015 mmol) was dissolved in a 0.0126 M solution of l-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride and 4-dimethyl- aminopyridine in methylene chloride (0.5 mL, 0.0064 mmol of each).
  • the carboxylic acid was added and the reaction was stirred at 23°C for 30 min and then quenched into a saturated solution of aqueous sodium bicarbonate (2 mL) .
  • the mixture was extracted with methylene chloride (2 x 5 mL) and the organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, decanted and concentrated in vacuo.
  • the residue was purified by flash column chromatography (1 mL silica gel, gradient methylene chloride to 1 : 1 to 2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane) to afford the corresponding phenolic esters.
  • This material was dissolved in a mixture of trifluoroacetic acid-THF-water (4: 1 : 1 (v/v), 1.0 mL) and the solution was stirred at 23 °C for 1 1 h.
  • the reaction mixture was diluted with toluene ( 1 mL) and the solution was concentrated in vacuo. Additional volatiles were removed by repetitive in vacuo azeotropic concentration from toluene (3 x 1 mL).
  • the residue was purified by flash column chromatography ( 1 mL silica gel, gradient methylene chloride to 2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane to ethyl acetate) 8 to afford the desired product.
  • Entry 5 was purified using 5% methanol-methylene chloride as the eluent.
  • Example 38
  • Phenol (5) (1.0 mg, 0.0015 mmol) was azeotropically dried with toluene (2 x 1 mL) in vacuo and dissolved in DMF (0.1 mL).
  • Cesium carbonate (3.0 mg, 0.0092 mmol) was gently flame dried in vacuo, cooled and added as a solid to the reaction mixture.
  • the alkylation agent was added via syringe and the solution was stirred at 23°C for 4 hr and then quenched into a saturated solution of aqueous sodium bicarbonate (2 mL).
  • Phenol (5) (1.0 mg, 0.0015 mmol) was dissolved in methylene chloride (0.5 mL) to this solution were added 4-dimethylaminopyridine (0.8 mg, 0.0066 mmol) and n-butyric anhydride (1.0 ⁇ L, 0.0061 mmol). The reaction was stirred at 23°C for 15 min and then quenched into a saturated solution of aqueous sodium bicarbonate (2 mL). The mixture was extracted with methylene chloride (2 x 5 mL) and the organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, decanted and concentrated zn vacuo.
  • Phenol (5) (1.0 mg, 0.0015 mmol) was dissolved in methylene chloride (0.5 mL) to this solution were added 4-dimethylaminopyridine (0.8 mg, 0.0066 mmol) and methanesulfonyl chloride (0.5 ⁇ L, 0.0065 mmol). The reaction was stirred at 23°C for 15 min and then quenched into a saturated solution of aqueous sodium bicarbonate (2 mL). The mixture was extracted with methylene chloride (2 x 5 mL) and the organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, decanted and concentrated z vacuo.
  • Methoxymethyl ether (4) (0.5 mg, 0.00072 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of trifluoroacetic acid-THF-water (4: 1: 1 (v/v), 1.0 mL) and the solution was stirred at 23°C for 11 h.
  • the reaction mixture was diluted with toluene (1 mL) and the solution was concentrated zn vacuo. Additional volatiles were removed by repetitive zn vacuo azeotropic concentration from toluene (3 x 1 mL).
  • the residue was purified by flash column chromatography (0.5 mL silica gel, gradient methylene chloride to 2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane) to afford
  • the hydroxyquinone (46) (2.3 mg, 0.0038 mmol) was dissolved in methylene chloride (3 mL). A dilute diazomethane solution in diethyl ether was added in small portions while monitoring the reaction by TLC analysis. Upon complete conversion to the product, acetic acid (50 ⁇ L) was added to quench the reaction. Purification via preparative TLC ( 1 : 1 ethyl acetate-hexane) afforded pure (47) ( 1.0 mg, 42%).
  • the methoxymethyl ether (5) (0.6 mg, 0.00092 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of trifluoroacetic acid-THF-water (4: 1: 1 (v/v), 1.0 mL) and the solution was stirred at 23°C for 7 h.
  • the reaction mixture was diluted with toluene (1 mL) and the solution was concentrated zn vacuo. Additional volatiles were removed by repetitive zn vacuo azeotropic concentration from toluene (3 x 1 mL).
  • the residue was purified by flash column chromatography (0.4 mL silica gel, gradient methylene chloride to 2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane) to afford
  • Phthalimide (5) (5.4 mg, 0.0083 mmol) was dissolved in ethanol (0.3 mL) and hydrazine (26 ⁇ L, 0.829 mmol) was added. The vessel was sealed and heated to 80°C for 2 h. The reaction was concentrated zn vacuo. Additional volatiles were removed by repetitive zn vacuo azeotropic concentration from toluene (2 x 1 mL). The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (0.5 mL silica gel, gradient methylene chloride to 5% methanol-ethyl acetate) to afford Compound 49 (4.3 mg, 100%).
  • Amine (49) (0.9 mg, 0.0017 mmol) and acid EJM-III- 124C (0.5 mg, 0.0026 mmol) were azeotropically tried with toluene (2 x 1 mL) and then dissolved in methylene chloride (0.1 mL).
  • 1 ,3-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (0.7 mg, 0.0034 mmol) was added to the solution which was stirred at 23°C for 30 min. White precipitate was observed and the reaction was quenched into saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (7 mL) .
  • the methoxymethyl ether (50) (1.3 mg, 0.0019 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of trifluoroacetic acid-THF-water (4: 1: 1 (v/v), 1.0 mL) and the solution was stirred at 23 C for 10 h.
  • the reaction mixture was diluted with toluene (1 mL) and the solution was concentrated zn vacuo. Additional volatiles were removed by repetitive zn vacuo azeotropic concentration from toluene (3 x 1 mL).
  • the residue was purified by flash column chromatography (0.3 mL silica gel, gradient 2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane to ethyl acetate) to afford Compound 51
  • p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid ( 100 mg, 0.657 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (3.0 mL).
  • tert-Butyldimethylsily chloride 222 mg, 1.47 mmol
  • N,N- diisopropylethylamine 0.285 mL, 1.64 mmol were added to the solution which was stirred at 23°C for 3 h.
  • Water 1 mL was added and after 15 min the reaction mixture was poured into 5% aqueous acetic acid (25 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 25 mL).
  • Amine (49) (2.0 mg, 0.0038 mmol) and acid (53) (1.3 mg, 0.0049 mmol) were azeotropically dried with toluene (2 x 1 mL) and then dissolved in methylene chloride (0.2 mL).
  • 1,3-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (1.0 mg, 0.0049 mmol) was added to the solution which was stirred at 23° C for 30 min. White precipitate was observed and the reaction was quenched into saturated solution of aqueous sodium bicarbonate (5 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with methylene chloride (2 x 5 mL) and the organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, decanted and concentrated zn vacuo.
  • Phenol (54) (1.1 mg, 0.0015 mmol) was dissolved in methylene chloride (0.2 mL). 4-Dimethylaminopyridine (0.4 mg, 0.0032 mmol) and acetic anhydride (0.5 ⁇ L, 0.0053 mmol) were added to the solution which was stirred at 23 °C for 1 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated zn vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (0.3 mL silica gel, gradient 1 : 1 ethyl acetate-hexane to ethyl acetate) to afford Compound 55 (1.2 mg, 100%).
  • the methoxymethyl ether (55) (1.2 mg, 0.0015 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of trifluoroacetic acid-THF-water (4: 1 : 1 (v/v), 1.0 mL) and the solution was stirred at 23 ° C for 10 h.
  • the reaction mixture was diluted with toluene ( 1 mL) and the solution was concentrated z vacuo. Additional volatiles were removed by repetitive zn vacuo azeotropic concentration from toluene (3 x 1 mL).
  • the residue was purified by flash column chromatography (0.3 mL silica gel, ethyl acetate) to afford Compound 56 (0.4 mg, 44%).
  • the methoxymethyl ether (65) was dissolved in a mixture of trifluoroacetic acid-THF-water (4: 1: 1 (v/v), 1.0 mL) and the solution was stirred at 23 °C for 1 1 h.
  • the reaction mixture was diluted with toluene (1 mL) and the solution was concentrated zn vacuo. Additional volatiles were removed by repetitive zn vacuo azeotropic concentration from toluene (3 x 1 mL).
  • the residue was purified by preparative thin layer chromatography (2: 1 diethyl ether-hexane, two elutions and 1: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane) to afford Compound
  • Phenol (5) (0.8 mg, 0.0012 mmol) was dissolved in THF (0.2 mL) and to this solution were added 4-dimethylaminopyridine (1.0 mg, 0.0082 mmol) and methylisocyanate (0.5 ⁇ L, 0.0085 mmol). The reaction was stirred at 23 °C for 19 h and then quenched into a saturated solution of aqueous sodium bicarbonate (2 mL). The mixture was extracted with 1 : 1 ethyl acetate-hexane (2 x 5 mL) and the organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, decanted and concentrated zn vacuo.
  • the analogs described above were screened zn vitro for anti-tumor activity.
  • the human cancer cell lines used in these assays include A-549 (Lung), HCT1 16 (Colon), A375 (Melanoma) and PC-3 (Prostate) and values are reported as IC 5 0 (ng/mL).
  • the following tables summarize the activity of all the synthetic derivatives. An IC50 reading greater than 100 ng/mL is considered inactive in the screening tests conducted on the compounds of the present invention. Lower values represent higher activity.
  • Antitumor compounds are typically administered in unit dosage form.
  • Each unit dose refers to a physically discrete unit suitable as unitary dosages for animals, each unit containing a predetermined quantity of active material calculated to produce the desired antitumor effect in association with the required diluent; i.e., carrier, or vehicle.
  • the specifications for the novel unit dose of this invention are dictated by and are directly dependent on (a) the unique characteristics of the active material and the particular antitumor effect to be achieved, and (b) the limitations inherent in the art of compounding such active material for such use in mammals, particularly humans, as disclosed in detail herein, these being features of the present invention.
  • Unit dosage forms are typically prepared from the active compound by dispersement thereof in a physiologically tolerable (or acceptable) diluent or vehicle such as water, saline or phosphate-buffered saline, to form an aqueous composition. If necessary, other pharmaceutically acceptable solvents may be used.
  • physiologically tolerable (or acceptable) diluent or vehicle such as water, saline or phosphate-buffered saline.
  • other pharmaceutically acceptable solvents may be used.
  • Such diluents are well known in the art and are discussed, for example, in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 16th Ed., Mack Publishing Company, Easton, PA (1980) at pages 1465-1467.
  • Dosage forms can also include an adjuvant as part of the diluent.
  • adjuvants such as complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), incomplete Freund s adjuvant (IFA) and alum are materials well known in the art, and are available commercially from several sources.
  • the quantity of active compound to be administered depends, inter alia, on the animal species to be treated, the subject animal's size, the size of the tumor being treated (if known), and the capacity of the subject to utilize the active compound. Precise amounts of the active compound required to be administered depend on the judgment of the practitioner and are peculiar to each individual, particularly where humans are the treated animals. Dosage ranges, however, can be characterized by a therapeutically effective blood concentration and can range from a concentration of the active compound of the present invention from about 0.01 ⁇ M to about 100 ⁇ M, preferably about 0.1 ⁇ M to 10 ⁇ M.
  • Suitable regimes for initial administration and booster injections are also variable, but are typified by an initial administration followed by repeated doses at one or more hour intervals by a subsequent injection or other administration.
  • continuous intravenous infusion sufficient to maintain therapeutically effective concentrations in the blood are contemplated.

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Abstract

The present invention is directed to the synthesis and characterization of compounds having formula (I), wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8 and R9 are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, OH, OR', SH, SR', SOR', SO2R', NO2, NH2, NHR', N(R')2, NHC(O)R', CN, halogen, =O, C(=O)R', CO2H, CO2R', C1-C12alkyl, C2-C12 alkenyl, C2-C12alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic; wherein each of the R' groups is independently selected from the group consisting of H, OH, NH2, NO2, SH, CN, halogen, =O, C(=O)H, C(=O)CH3, CO2H, CO2CH3, C1-C12alkyl, C2-C12alkenyl, C2-C12alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl, and heteroaromatic; wherein each dotted circle represents one, two or three optional double bonds; wherein R7 and R8 may be joined into a carboxyclic or heterocyclic ring system; and wherein X1 and X2 are each independently defined as above for R1-R8, and each further includes specific preferred groups as defined herein.

Description

SYNTHETIC ANALOGS OF ECTEINASCIDIN-743
STATEMENT OF GOVERNMENT SUPPORT
This invention was supported in part by funding from the National Institutes of Health under Grant No. R01 GM 34167 and the National Science Foundation under Grant Nos. CHE 9300276 and CHE 981 1917. Accordingly, the government of the United States may have certain rights in this invention.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The ecteinascidins (herein abbreviated Et or Et's) are exceedingly potent antitumor agents isolated from the marine tunicate Ecteinascidia turbinata. Several ecteinascidins have been reported previously in the patent and scientific literature. See, for example:
U.S. Patent No. 5,721,362, which describes a synthetic process for the formation of ecteinascidin compounds and related structures, such as the saframycins. In one particularly preferred embodiment, the patent provides a synthetic route for the formation of ecteinascidin 743, an exceedingly potent marine-derived antitumor agent, now in clinical trials. The process of this patent is enantio- and stereocontrolled, convergent and short. Also disclosed are novel process intermediates, useful not only in the total synthesis of ecteinascidin 743, but also other known ecteinascidin compounds, including derivatives and analogs thereof.
U.S. Patent No. 5,256,663, which describes pharmaceutical compositions comprising matter extracted from the tropical marine invertebrate, Ecteinascidia turbinata, and designated therein as ecteinascidins, and the use of such compositions as antibacterial, anti-viral, and/or antitumor agents in mammals.
U.S. Patent No. 5,089,273, which describes novel compositions of matter extracted from the tropical marine invertebrate, Ecteinascidia turbinata, and designated therein as ecteinascidins 729, 743, 745, 759A, 759B and 770. These compounds are useful as antibacterial and /or antitumor agents in mammals.
U.S. Patent No. 5,478,932, which describes ecteinascidins isolated from the Caribbean tunicate Ecteinascidia turbinata, which provide in vivo protection against P388 lymphoma, B 16 melanoma, M5076 ovarian sarcoma, Lewis lung carcinoma, and the LX- 1 human lung and MX- 1 human mammary carcinoma zenografts.
U.S. Patent No. 5,654,426, which describes several ecteinascidins isolated from the Caribbean tunicate Ecteinascidia turbinata, which provide in vivo protection against P388 lymphoma, B16 melanoma, M5076 ovarian sarcoma, Lewis lung carcinoma, and the LX- 1 human lung and MX- 1 human mammary carcinoma zenografts.
See also: Corey, E.J., J. Am. Chem. Soc, 1996, 118 pp. 9202-9203; Rinehart, et al., Journal of National Products, 1990, "Bioactive Compounds from Aquatic and Terrestrial Sources", vol. 53, pp. 771-792; Rinehart et al., Pure and Appl. Chem., 1990, "Biologically active natural products", vol. 62, pp. 1277- 1280; Rinehart, et al., J. Org. Chem., 1990, "Ecteinascidins 729, 743, 745, 759A, 759B, and 770: Potent Antitumor Agents from the Caribbean Tunicate Ecteinascidia turbinata', vol. 55, pp. 4512-4515; Wright et al., J. Org. Chem,, 1990, "Antitumor Tetrahydroisoquinoline Alkaloids from the Colonial Ascidian Ecteinascidia turbinata', vol. 55, pp. 4508-4512; Sakai et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1992, "Additional antitumor ecteinascidins from a Caribbean tunicate: Crystal structures and activities in vivo", vol. 89, 1 1456- 1 1460; Science 1994, "Chemical Prospectors Scour the Seas for Promising Drugs", vol. 266, pp. 1324; Koenig, K.E., "Asymmetric Synthesis," ed. Morrison, Academic Press, Inc., Orlando, FL, vol. 5, 1985, p. 71; Barton, et al., J. Chem Soc. Perkin Trans., 1, 1982, "Synthesis and Properties of a Series of Sterically Hindered Guandidine Bases", pp. 2085; Fukuyama et al., J. Am Chem Soc, 1982, "Stereocontrolled Total Synthesis of (+)-Saframycin B", vol. 104, pp. 4957; Fukuyama et al., J. Am Chem Soc, 1990, "Total Synthesis of (+)-Saframycin A", vol. 1 12, p. 3712; Saito, et al., J. Org. Chem., 1989, "Synthesis of Saframycins. Preparation of a Key Tricyclic Lactam Intermediate to Saframycin A", vol. 54, 5391 ; Still, et al., J. Org. Chem., 1978, "Rapid Chromatographic Technique for Preparative Separations with Moderate Resolution", vol. 43, p. 2923; Kofron, W.G.; Baclawski, L. M., J. Org. Chem., 1976, vol. 41, 1879; Guan et al., J. Biomolec Struc & Dynam., vol. 10 pp. 793-817 (1993); Shamma et al., "Carbon- 13 NMR Shift Assignments of Amines and Alkaloids," p. 206 (1979); Lown et al., Biochemistry, 21 , 419-428 (1982); Zmijewski et al., Chem. Biol. Interactions, 52, 361-375 (1985); Ito, CRC Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem., 17, 65-143 ( 1986); Rinehart et al., "Topics in Pharmaceutical Sciences 1989" pp. 613-626, D. D. Breimer, D. J. A. Cromwelin, K. K. Midha, Eds., Amsterdam Medical Press B.V., Noordwijk, The Netherlands (1989); Rinehart et al., "Biological Mass Spectrometry," 233- 258 eds. Burlingame et al., Elsevier Amsterdam (1990); Guan et al., Jour. Biomolec. Struc & Dynam., vol. 10 pp. 793-817 (1993); Nakagawa et al., J. Amer. Chem. Soc, 1 1 1 : 2721-2722 (1989); Lichter et al., "Food and Drugs from the Sea Proceedings" (1972), Marine Technology Society, Washington, D.C. 1973, 1 17- 127; Sakai et al., J. Amer. Chem. Soc, 1996, 1 18, 9017; Garcia- Rocha et al., Brit. J. Cancer, 1996, 73: 875-883; and Pommier et al., Biochemistry, 1996, 35: 13303-13309. The disclosures of the above-referenced patents and publications are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
Et 743 (NSC 648766) is currently undergoing evaluation by the National Cancer Institute on the basis of exceedingly potent activity in vivo against a variety of tumors.
Figure imgf000006_0001
In 1996, the total synthesis of Et-743 was reported. See E.J. Corey et al., J. Amer. Chem. Soc, 118, 9292-9203 (1996); see also, U.S. Patent No. 5,721 ,362. Disclosed in the '362 patent is the intermediate 1 1 , with the following structure:
Figure imgf000006_0002
Compound 1 1
This intermediate compound, re-designated herein as Compound 1 , has served as the starting material for a series of new synthetic ecteinascidin-like compounds. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed to compounds having the following formula:
*2
Figure imgf000007_0001
wherein the substituent groups defined by R , R2, R3, R4, R5, Rό, R , Rs and R9 are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, OH, OR', SH, SR', SOR', S02R\ N02, NH2, NHR', fRk, NHC(0)R', CN, halogen, =0, C(=0)H, C(=0)R', C02H, CO2R', Cι-C>2 alkyl, C2-Cl2 alkenyl, C2-Cι2 alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic;
wherein each of the R' groups is independently selected from the group consisting of H, OH, N02, NH2, SH, CN, halogen, =0, C(=0)H, C(=0)CH3, C02H, CO2CH3, Ci-Ci2 alkyl, C2-C12 alkenyl, C2-C12 alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl, and heteroaromatic;
wherein each dotted circle represents one, two or three optional double bonds;
wherein R7 and Rs may be joined into a carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring system: and wherein Xi and X2 are each independently defined as above for Ri - Ra, and further include the definitions of Xi and X2 as provided below for the preferred embodiments.
Preferred compounds of the present invention have the following formula:
Figure imgf000008_0001
wherein the substituent groups defined by Ri , R2, R3, R4, R5, Re, and R9 are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, OH, OR', SH, SR', SOR\ S02R', N02( NH2, NHR', N(R]2, NHC(0)R', CN, halogen, =0, Cι-C6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic;
wherein each of the R' groups is independently selected from the group consisting of H, OH, N02, NH2, SH, CN, halogen, =0, C(=0)H, C(=0)CH3, C02H, CO2CH3, Ci-Cβ alkyl, phenyl, benzyl, and heteroaromatic;
wherein each dotted circle represents one, two or three optional double bonds;
and wherein Xi and X2 are each independently defined as above for Ri - Ra, and further include the definitions of Xi and X2 as provided below for the preferred embodiments. Suitable halogen substituents in the compounds of the present invention include F, Cl, Br and I.
Alkyl groups preferably have from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, still more preferably 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, and most preferably 1 , 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms. Methyl, ethyl and propyl including isopropyl are particularly preferred alkyl groups in the compounds of the present invention. As used herein, the term alkyl, unless otherwise modified, refers to both cyclic and noncyclic groups, although cyclic groups will comprise at least three carbon ring members.
Preferred alkenyl and alkynyl groups in the compounds of the present invention have one or more unsaturated linkages and from 2 to about 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to about 8 carbon atoms, still more preferably 2 to about 6 carbon atoms, even more preferably 1 , 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms. The terms alkenyl and alkynyl as used herein refer to both cyclic and noncyclic groups, although straight or branched noncyclic groups are generally more preferred.
Preferred alkoxy groups in the compounds of the present invention include groups having one or more oxygen linkages and from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, more preferably from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, and still more preferably 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, and most preferably 1, 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms.
Preferred alkylthio groups in the compounds of the present invention have one or more thioether linkages and from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, more preferably from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, and still more preferably 1 to about 6 carbon atoms. Alkylthio groups having 1 , 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms are particularly preferred. Preferred alkylsulfinyl groups in the compounds of the present invention include those groups having one or more sulfoxide (SO) groups and from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, more preferably from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, and still more preferably 1 to about 6 carbon atoms. Alkylsulfinyl groups having 1 , 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms are particularly preferred.
Preferred alkylsulfonyl groups in the compounds of the present invention include those groups having one or more sulfonyl (SO2) groups and from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, more preferably from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, and still more preferably 1 to about 6 carbon atoms. Alkylsulfonyl groups having 1 , 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms are particularly preferred.
Preferred aminoalkyl groups include those groups having one or more primary, secondary and/or tertiary amine groups, and from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, still more preferably 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, even more preferably 1, 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms. Secondary and tertiary amine groups are generally more preferred than primary amine moieties.
Suitable heteroaromatic groups in the compounds of the present invention contain one, two or three heteroatoms selected from N, O or S atoms and include, e.g., coumarinyl including 8-coumarinyl, quinolinyl including 8- quinolinyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, thienyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, imidazolyl, indolyl, benzofuranyl and benzothiazol. Suitable heteroalicyclic groups in the compounds of the present invention contain one, two or three heteroatoms selected from N, O or S atoms and include, e.g., tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, piperidinyl, morpholino and pyrrolindinyl groups.
Suitable carbocyclic aryl groups in the compounds of the present invention include single and multiple ring compounds, including multiple ring compounds that contain separate and/or fused aryl groups. Typical carbocyclic aryl groups contain 1 to 3 separate or fused rings and from 6 to about 18 carbon ring atoms. Specifically preferred carbocyclic aryl groups include phenyl including substituted phenyl, such as 2-substituted phenyl, 3-substituted phenyl, 2, 3-substituted phenyl, 2,5-substituted phenyl, 2,3,5-substituted and 2,4,5-substituted phenyl, including where one or more of the phenyl substituents is an electron- ithdrawing group such as halogen, cyano, nitro, alkanoyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl and the like; naphthyl including 1-naphthyl and 2- naphthyl; biphenyl; phenanthryl; and anthracyl.
References herein to substituted R' groups in the compounds of the present invention refer to the specified moiety that may be substituted at one or more available positions by one or more suitable groups, e.g., halogen such as fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo; cyano; hydroxyl; nitro; azido; alkanoyl such as a Cι-6 alkanoyl group such as acyl and the like; carboxamido; alkyl groups including those groups having 1 to about 12 carbon atoms or from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms and more preferably 1-3 carbon atoms; alkenyl and alkynyl groups including groups having one or more unsaturated linkages and from 2 to about 12 carbon or from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms; alkoxy groups having those having one or more oxygen linkages and from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms or 1 to about 6 carbon atoms; aryloxy such as phenoxy; alkylthio groups including those moieties having one or more thioether linkages and from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms or from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms; alkylsulfinyl groups including those moieties having one or more sulfinyl linkages and from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms or from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms; alkylsulfonyl groups including those moieties having one or more sulfonyl linkages and from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms or from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms; aminoalkyl groups such as groups having one or more N atoms and from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms or from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms; carbocylic aryl having 6 or more carbons, particularly phenyl (e.g., R being a substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl moiety); and aralkyl such as benzyl. The compounds of the present invention can be prepared synthetically from the intermediate compound 11 described in the '362 patent. Numerous active antitumor compounds have been prepared from this compound and it is believed that many more compounds may be formed in accordance with the teachings of the present disclosure.
One especially preferred embodiment of the present invention is the novel ecteinascidin-like compounds that have been prepared from Compound 1 :
Figure imgf000012_0001
Compound 1 New Compounds
wherein Xi and X2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of:
H3C^
Figure imgf000012_0002
O O HzC*
Figure imgf000012_0003
3 . HiC
'V
Figure imgf000013_0001
u
Figure imgf000013_0002
HsC^
Figure imgf000013_0003
Figure imgf000013_0004
Figure imgf000014_0001
Figure imgf000014_0002
or the formula:
O II C
N
C
II o
wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of:
Figure imgf000014_0003
CH-
Figure imgf000014_0004
:
where n= 1, 2, 3...20
Figure imgf000015_0001
Figure imgf000015_0002
Figure imgf000015_0003
wherein each R group, which may be the same or be different, is selected from the group consisting of H, OH, SH, NH2, N02) CN, NH(C=0)CH3, 0(C=0)CH3) halogen, Ci-Ce-alkyl, Ci-Cβ-alkoxy, Ci-Cβ-acyl, aryl or alkylaryl.
Another especially preferred embodiment of the present invention is pharmaceutical compositions useful as antitumor agents, comprising an effective antitumor amount of one or more of the compounds of the present invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent, carrier or excipient.
Yet another especially preferred embodiment of the present invention is the synthetic intermediates of the compounds of the present invention as described in detail below.
Finally, the present invention includes the synthetic processes described herein.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The currently most preferred compound of the present invention is the compound of formula 7:
Figure imgf000016_0001
The preferred method of producing the compound of formula 7 is set forth below in Scheme I: Scheme I
Figure imgf000017_0001
Figure imgf000017_0002
Figure imgf000017_0003
4(91%)
Figure imgf000018_0001
Figure imgf000018_0002
Figure imgf000018_0003
6 (91%)
Figure imgf000019_0001
As illustrated in Scheme I, the first step for producing the preferred compound 7 of the present invention is the high yield conversion (93%) of the phenol compound 1 to the allyl ether compound 2. The second step is the high yield (99%) removal of the TBDPS protecting group to form the free alcohol compound 3. The third step in this process is the high yield (91%) coupling of phthalimide to the free alcohol compound 3 to yield the phthalimide derivative, compound 4. The phthalimide compound 4 is then converted in high yield (97%) to the phenol compound 5. Phenol compound 5 is converted in high yield (94%) to the methoxymethyl ether compound 6. Alternatively, the phthalimide compound 4 can be treated with several reagents to produce in high yield (91%) the methoxymethyl ether compound 6. The methoxymethyl ether compound 6 is finally reacted with trifluoroacetic acid to provide the desired compound 7, in high yield (94%). The overall yield of this process is about 72%.
The Scheme I method can be modified for the preparation of a preferred group of compounds. This modification is shown below in Scheme II: Scheme II
Figure imgf000020_0001
8 (99%)
Figure imgf000020_0002
9 (89% yield over 3 steps)
Figure imgf000020_0003
In Scheme II, the free alcohol compound 3 is protected by reaction with 2-methoxypropene to yield the allyl ether compound 8 in high yield (99%). Compound 8 is then converted into the intermediate alcohol 9 in three steps with an overall yield of 89%. Compound 9 can be reacted with a wide variety of phthalimides, dicarboximides, or equivalents thereof (e.g., amides, including aromatic amides, ureas, urethanes, sulfonamides, alkoxy compounds, urethanes, and the like) to form compounds of the formula:
Figure imgf000021_0001
wherein Xi is the radical provided by the phthalimide, dicarboximide or equivalent compound. Especially preferred compounds prepared by the Scheme II process include the compounds wherein Xi has the formula:
O
II .c
Z N
C
II o
and wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of:
Figure imgf000022_0001
Figure imgf000022_0002
Figure imgf000022_0003
wherein each R group, which may be the same or be different, is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, amino, halogen, nitro, Ci-Cβ-alkyl, Ci-Cό- alkoxy, Ci-Cβ-acyl, aryl, especially phenyl or alkylaryl, especially benzyl.
In yet another preferred modification, the phenol compound 5 may be transformed into a number of derivatives, as shown in Scheme III:
Scheme III
Figure imgf000023_0001
35-39
As shown in Scheme III, the phenol compound (5) is reacted with various side-chain modifying carboxylic acids to afford the corresponding phenolic esters. Scheme III can be used to produce numerous compounds having the formula:
Figure imgf000023_0002
wherein X2 is the radical provided by the carboxylic acid. Especially preferred X2 groups are selected from the group consisting of:
Figure imgf000024_0001
H3crα
o
Hs
Figure imgf000024_0002
Figure imgf000024_0003
Oi
and
Figure imgf000024_0004
Another modification is the alkylation reaction illustrated in Scheme IV: Scheme IV
Figure imgf000025_0001
In Scheme IV, the phenol compound 5 is treated with an alkylating agent to afford the corresponding R4 derivatives. Scheme IV can be used to produce numerous compounds having the formula:
Figure imgf000025_0002
wherein X2 is the radical provided by the alkylating agent. Representative derivatives of this type include the compounds wherein X2 is selected from the group consisting of:
H3C^
^^ H3C^
and
Figure imgf000026_0001
Several key intermediate compounds include the tosylate 29, the azide compound 30, and the free amine compound 31. The reaction sequence for these compounds is shown below in Scheme V:
Scheme V
Figure imgf000026_0002
29 30 (73%)
Figure imgf000026_0003
The following additional compounds of the present invention (including for example, Compounds 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51 , 54, 55 and 56) have been prepared as described in detail in the Examples infra:
Figure imgf000027_0001
Figure imgf000027_0002
Figure imgf000028_0001
46 (50%)
Figure imgf000028_0002
Figure imgf000028_0003
Figure imgf000029_0001
49 (100%)
Figure imgf000029_0002
Figure imgf000029_0003
50 51 (42%)
Figure imgf000030_0001
Figure imgf000030_0002
54 55 (100%)
Figure imgf000030_0003
55 56 (44%)
As the skilled artisan will readily appreciate, the reaction schemes described herein may be modified and /or combined in various ways, and the compounds generated therefrom are to be considered as being part of this invention. The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following examples which aid in the understanding, but which are not to be construed as limitations thereof. All percentages reported herein, unless otherwise specified, are percent by weight. All temperatures are expressed in degrees Celsius.
Figure imgf000031_0001
1 2 (93%)
Cesium carbonate (100.0 mg, 0.307 mmol) was gently flame dried and added as a solid to a solution of the phenol (1) (79.0 mg, 0.104 mmol) in DMF (5.5 mL). Allyl bromide (35.0 μL, 0.405 mmol) was then charged into the solution and the reaction was stirred at 23°C for 2 h. The reaction was diluted with 1: 1 ethyl acetate -hexane (100 mL), washed with water (3 x 100 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, decanted and concentrated in vacuo to afford Compound 2 as a pure clear viscous oil (77.2 mg, 93%). If necessary the material can be purified by flash column chromatography (70 mL silica gel, 1:2 ethyl acetate- hexane). m.p.: 167° (dec); R 0.57 (1: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane) ; l NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.62-7.58 (m, 2H), 7.46-7.34 (m, 6H), 7.32-7.26 (m, 2H), 6.70 (s, IH), 6.12 (m, IH), 5.78 (d, J= 1.5 Hz, IH), 5.64 (d, J= 1.5 Hz, IH), 5.41 (dq, J= 17.2, 1.4 Hz, IH), 5.27 (dd, J= 10.4, 1.5 Hz, IH), 5.13 (dd, J=7.2, 5.9 Hz, 2H), 4.46 (d, J=2.6 Hz, IH), 4.25 (d, J=1.9 Hz, IH), 4.21-4.04 (m, 3H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 3.64 (dd, J=9.9, 2.3 Hz, IH), 3.60 (s, 3H), 3.42-3.36 (m, 2H), 3.30-3.22 (m, 2H), 3.04 (dd, J= 17.8, 8.2 Hz, IH), 2.72 (d, J= 17.8 Hz, IH), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.26 (s, 3H),
2.11 (s, 3H), 1.94 (dd, J=16.0, 12.2 Hz, IH), 0.87 (s, 9H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, - CDCI3) δ 148.5, 148.3, 148.2, 144.1 , 139.1, 135.7, 135.4, 133.8, 133.1, 132.7, 130.5, 130.4, 129.6, 129.5, 127.6, 127.5, 125.2, 124.3, 121.6, 118.5, 1 17.5, 1 13.0, 11 1.8, 100.9, 99.2, 74.1, 67.7, 61.5, 59.7, 59.0, 57.1 , 57.2, 55.4, 41.6, 26.6, 26.5, 25.6, 18.9, 15.8, 9.2; FTIR (neat) 2931 (s br), 2857 (m), 1460 (m), 1447 (m br), 1429 (s), 1 158 (m), 1 107 (s), 1093 (s), 1022 (m), 999 (m br), 931 (m br) cm' 1 ; HRMS (FAB), [m+Na]/z calc'd for C47H55θγN3SiNa; 824.3707, found 824.3708; [α]D23 = +73.1° (c 1.0, methylene chloride).
Example 2
Figure imgf000032_0001
Compound 2 (77.2 mg, 0.096 mmol) was dissolved in THF (8.0 mL) and a 1.0 M tetrabutylammoniun fluoride solution in THF (200 μL, 0.20 mmol) was added. After stirring at 23°C for 7 h the reaction was concentrated in vacuo at 23°C. The reaction was diluted into ethyl acetate/hexane (1 : 1 , 100 mL), washed with water (3 x 100 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, decanted and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (30 mL silica gel, gradient 1 :3 to 1: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane) to afford Compound 3 as a clear film (53.3 mg, 99%). R 0.28 (1: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane); lH NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 6.71 (s, IH), 6.16-6.06 (m, IH), 5.92 (d, J= 1.4 Hz, IH), 5.87 (d, J= 1.4 Hz, IH), 5.42 (dq, J= 17.1 , 1.4 Hz, IH), 5.28 (dd, J= 10.3, 1.3 Hz, IH), 5.12 (s, 2H), 4.26 (d, J=2.3 Hz, IH), 4.19 (dd, J= 12.1 , 5.6 Hz, IH), 4.14 (dd, J= 12.1 , 6.3 Hz, IH), 4.05 (d, J=2.5 Hz, IH), 3.97 (t, J=3.1 Hz, IH), 3.70 (s, 3H), 3.65 (dt, J= 1 1.4, 2.4 Hz, IH), 3.58 (s, 3H), 3.46 (dt, J= 10.6, 2.6 Hz, IH), 3.39-3.33 (m, 2H), 3.24 (dd, J= 15.8, 2.7 Hz, IH), 3.12 (dd, J= 17.9, 7.9 Hz, IH), 2.51 (d, J-18.1 Hz, IH), 2.36 (s, 3H), 2.21 (s, 3H), 2.1 1 (s, 3H), 1.87- 1.68 (m, 2 H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCI3) δ 148.7, 148.6, 148.5, 144.4, 139.0, 133.8, 131.1, 129.5, 125.1 , 124.0, 120.8, 1 17.6, 117.4, 1 13.3, 112.3, 101.1, 99.2, 74.1, 63.4, 60.0, 59.7, 58.0, 57.7, 57.1, 56.6, 55.3, 41.6, 26.2, 25.7, 15.7, 9.2; FTIR (neat) 3495 (w br), 2934 (m br), 2253 (w), 1448 (m), 1432 (m br), 1340 (m), 1 158 (m), 1 104 (s br), 1065 (m), 998 (m), 917 (m br) cm" 1 ; HRMS (FAB), [m+Na]/z calc'd for C3 iH37θ7N3Na: 586.2529, found 586.2543; [α]o23 = +96.1° (c 1.0, methylene chloride).
Example 3
Figure imgf000033_0001
4 (91%)
Alcohol (3) (61.5 mg, 0.109 mmol) and phthalimide (18.8 mg, 0.128 mmol) were azeotropically dried with toluene (2 x 5 mL) and dissolved in THF (3.8 mL). Triphenylphosphine (35.0 mg, 0.133 mmol) was added followed by diethyl azodicarboxylate (19.0 μL, 0.121 mmol). The reaction turned yellow and then a bright orange color within 5 minutes. After stirring at 23°C for 2 h the reaction was concentrated in vacuo at 23°C. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (60 mL silica gel, gradient 2: 1 diethyl ether-hexane to 2:3 to 1: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane) to afford Compound 4 as a white foam (68.5 mg, 91%). R 0.56 (2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane); lH NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.71-7.65 (m, 4H), 6.63 (s, IH), 6.08 (m, IH), 5.61 (d, J= 1.5 Hz, IH), 5.38 (dd, J=17.2, 1.6 Hz, IH), 5.25-5.23 (m, 2H), 5.07 (dd, J=7.6, 6.0 Hz, 2H), 4.24-4.20 (m, 2H), 4.15-4.13 (m, 3H), 3.61 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 3.57 (s, 3H), 3.55 (s, 3H), 3.37 (dd, J=8.2, 5.5 Hz, IH), 3.23 (dd, J=15.4, 2.2 Hz, IH), 3.18 (dt, J-11.6, 2.6 Hz, IH), 3.05 (dd, J= 18.1, 8.1 Hz, IH), 2.69 (d, J= 18.1 Hz, IH), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.19 (s, 3H), 2.10 (s, 3H), 1.69 (dd, J= 15.3, 1 1.6 Hz, IH); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ 167.7, 151.3, 148.7, 148.3, 148.1 , 144.2, 139.5, 133.8, 133.5, 131.9, 130.3, 130.2, 125.1 , 123.8, 122.9, 121.0, 1 18.0, 1 17.5, 1 13.6, 1 12.4, 100.8, 99.2, 74.3, 60.3, 59.6, 57.7, 57.5, 56.9, 55.7, 55.5, 41.9, 41.5, 26.6, 25.4, 16.0, 9.4; FTIR (neat) 2935 (m br), 2256 (w), 1773 (m), 1716 (s), 1459 (m br), 1432 (m br), 1343 (m), 1267 (m br), 1233 (m), 1158 (m), 1100 (s), 1064 (m), 1024 (m),
947 (m br) cm" 1; HRMS (FAB), [m+Na]/z calc'd for C3gH4θθ8N4Na: 715.2744, found 715.2730; [<X]D23 = +72.7° (c 1.0, methylene chloride).
Example 4
Figure imgf000034_0001
Phthalimide (4) (20.0 mg, 0.0289 mmol) and acetic acid (16.5 μL, 0.289 mmol) were dissolved in methylene chloride (0.8 mL). PdCl2(PPh3)2 ( 1 -0 mg, 1.4 μmol) was added followed by tributyltin hydride (21.0 μL, 0.0779 mmol). Bubbling was observed and the reaction changes from a yellow to a dark orange color. After stirring at 23°C for 10 min the reaction was quenched into water (20 mL), extracted with methylene chloride (2 x 20 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, decanted and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (30 mL silica gel, gradient 1 :4 to 1: 1 to 2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane) to afford Compound 5 as a white foam (18.3 mg, 97%). RyO.42 (2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane); *H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.75-7.71 (m, 2H), 7.69-7.65 (m, 2H), 6.61 (s, IH), 5.51 (s, IH), 5.27 (d, J=6.0 Hz, IH), 5.23 (br s, IH), 5.13 (d, J=6.0 Hz, IH), 5.06 (s, IH), 4.25 (d, J=2.4 Hz, IH), 4.21 (d, J=5.0 Hz, IH), 4.16 (d, J=2.1 Hz, IH), 3.67 (s, 3H), 3.66 (s, 3H), 3.53 (m, 2H), 3.37 (d, J=7.8 Hz, IH), 3.22 (d, J= 1 1.5 Hz, IH), 3.15 (d, J= 14.7 Hz, IH), 3.05 (dd, J=18.0, 8.1 Hz, IH), 2.65 (d, J=18.0 Hz, IH), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.20 (s, 3H), 2.05 (s,
3H), 1.73 (m, IH); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCI3) δ 167.9, 148.7, 147.5, 145.6, 145.5, 144.3, 136.9, 133.6, 132.0, 130.5, 124.9, 123.0, 1 17.9, 1 13.1 , 1 12.4, 106.3, 100.5, 99.6, 60.3, 59.8, 57.7, 57.0, 56.7, 55.5, 55.3, 42.4, 41.6, 25.9, 25.4, 15.9, 8.9; FTIR (neat) 3464 (w br), 2936 (w br), 1773 (w), 1715 (s), 1484 (w), 1461 (m), 1433 (m), 1397 (m), 1235 (w), 1 157 (w), 1101 (m), 1076 (w), 1060 (w), 1023 (w), 1007 (w), 957 (w) cm" 1; HRMS (FAB), [m+H]/z calc'd for C36H37O8N4: 653.261 1, found 653.2608; [CZ]D23 = +3.1° (c 0.35, methylene chloride).
Example 5
Figure imgf000035_0001
Phenol (5) (1.1 mg, 0.0017 mmol) was dissolved in methylene chloride (0.15 mL). 4-Dimethylaminopyridine (0.5 mg, 0.0041 mmol) and acetic anhydride (0.5 μL, 0.0053 mmol) were added to the solution which was stirred at 23 °C for 30 min. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (0.5 mL silica gel, gradient 1:4 to 1: 1 to 2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane) to afford Compound 6 (1.1 mg, 94%). R 0.53 (2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane); H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.70- 7.63 (m, 4H), 6.64 (s, IH), 5.73 (s, IH), 5.50 (s, IH), 5.07 (d, J=5.7 Hz, IH), 4.98 (d, J=5.7 Hz, IH), 4.27 (d, J=2.1 Hz, IH), 4.24 (m, IH), 4.08 (d, J=2.5 Hz, IH), 3.74-3.67 (m, 2H), 3.53 (s, 3H), 3.50 (s, 3H), 3.38 (d, J=7.1 Hz, IH), 3.18 (d, J= 1 1.5 Hz, IH), 3.02 (dd, J=18.1, 8.1 Hz, IH), 2.75 (d, J= 16.1 Hz, 2H), 2.31 (s,
3H), 2.27 (s, 3H), 2.18 (s, 3H), 2.01 (s, 3H), 1.60 (m, IH); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCI3) δ 168.3, 167.5, 148.1 , 147.8, 144.3, 141.2, 140.5, 133.4, 131.8, 130.2, 125.3, 123.4, 123.0, 120.8, 1 18.0, 1 13.6, 1 1 1.7, 101.3, 99.1 , 59.8, 59.6, 57.7, 56.7, 56.6, 56.1, 55.4, 41.5, 40.9, 26.7, 25.0, 20.1, 16.0, 9.5; FTIR (neat) 2935 (m br), 1764 (m), 1716 (s), 1433 (m br), 1394 (m br), 1369 (m br), 1234 (m), 1198 (s), 1 158 (m), 1 101 (m br), 1072 (m), 1025 (m), 1000 (m), 947 (m), 933 (m) cm"1 ; HRMS (FAB), [m+H]/z calc'd for C38H39O9N4: 695.2717, found 695.2744; [α]o23 +21.6° (c 1.0, methylene chloride).
Example 6
Figure imgf000036_0001
6 (91%)
Alternatively, phthalimide (4) (68.5 mg, 0.99 mmol) and acetic acid (17.0 μL, 0.30 mmol) were dissolved in methylene chloride (6.0 mL). PdCl2(PPh3)2 (3.5 mg, 5 μmol) was added followed by tributyltin hydride (67.0 μL, 0.25 mmol). Bubbling was observed and the reaction changes from a yellow to a dark orange color. After stirring at 23°C for 10 min to the reaction was added triethylamine (55.0 μL, 0.40 mmol), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (5.5 mg, 0.045 mmol) and acetic anhydride (38.0 μL, 0.39 mmol). The reaction was stirred at 23°C for 10 min and was quenched into quarter-saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (20 mL), extracted with methylene chloride (3 x 20 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, decanted and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (40 mL silica gel, 1 : 1 ethyl acetate- hexane) to afford Compound 6 as a white foam (62.8 mg, 91%).
Example 7
Figure imgf000037_0001
The methoxymethyl ether (6) (3.8 mg, 0.00547 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of trifluoroacetic acid-THF-water (4: 1: 1 (v/v), 4.0 mL) and the solution was stirred at 23°C for 7 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with toluene (5 mL) and the solution was concentrated in vacuo. Additional volatiles were removed by repetitive in vacuo azeotropic concentration from toluene (3 x 5 mL). The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate ( 10 mL) and washed with a saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (20 mL), the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 10 mL) and the combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, decanted and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (1.5 mL silica gel, gradient methylene chloride to 2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane) to afford Compound 7 (3.4 mg,
94%). Ry0.41 (2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane); lH NMR (500 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.73- 7.71 (m, 2H), 7.67-7.65 (m, 2H), 6.39 (s, IH), 5.66 (s, IH), 5.59 (s, IH), 5.33 (br s, IH), 4.25-4.23 (m, 2H), 4.02 (d, J=2.5 Hz, IH), 3.64 (m, 5H), 3.35 (d, J=8.3 Hz, IH), 3.20 (d, J- 12.0 Hz, IH), 3.02 (dd, J= 18.1 , 8.1 Hz, IH), 2.77 (d, J= 14.6 Hz, IH), 2.45 (d, J- 18.1 Hz, IH), 2.29 (s, 6H), 2.22 (s, 3H), 1.99 (s, 3H), 1.73 (t,
J- 14.3 Hz, IH); 13C NMR (125 MHz, CDCI3) δ 167.7, 146.3, 144.3, 142.6, 141.2, 140.6, 133.5, 131.9, 130.9, 128.3, 123.1, 121.0, 120.9, 118.0, 116.5, 1 13.7, 111.8, 101.2, 60.5, 60.2, 57.1, 56.4, 55.6, 55.5, 41.8, 41.6, 26.6, 25.3, 20.3, 15.9, 9.6; FTIR (neat) 3463 (m br), 2934 (m br), 1764 (m), 1716 (s), 1455
(m br), 1433 (m br), 1395 (m br), 1370 (m), 1233 (m), 1 102 (m), 1073 (m) cm' 1 ; HPLC (Columbus, 5μ, C18, 100 A, 250 x 4.60 mm, flow rate : 1.0 mL/min, λ = 254 nm), Rj = 13.7 min (60% CH3CN in water) ; HRMS (FAB), [m+H]/z calc'd for C36H35O8N4: 651.2455, found 651.2444; [α]D23 = +21.9° (c 1.0, methylene chloride).
Example 8
Figure imgf000038_0001
8 (99%)
Alcohol (4) (31.3 mg, 0.056 mmol) was dissolved in 2-methoxypropene. Catalytic phosphorus oxychloride was added and stirred at 23°C for 15 min. One drop of triethylamine and methanol ( 1 mL) were added to quench the reaction which was then concentrated vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (2 mL silica gel, gradient methylene chloride to 1 : 1 ethyl acetate-hexane) to afford Compound 8 (35.0 mg, 99%). Ry0.48 (1 : 1 ethyl acetate-hexane); lH NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 6.62 (s, IH), 6.17-6.06 (m, IH), 5.92 (s, IH), 5.85 (s, IH), 5.41 (d, J=17.2 Hz, IH), 5.27 (d, J-10.4 Hz, IH), 5.13- 5.08 (m, 2H), 4.41 (s, IH), 4.23-4.10 (m, 3H), 4.04 (d, J=8.2 Hz, IH), 3.73 (s, 3H), 3.43 (s, 3H), 3.42 (dd, J=8.8, 2.6 Hz, IH), 3.29 (d, J=7.7 Hz, IH), 3.22 (d, J=14.1 Hz, 2H), 3.07-2.96 (m, 4H), 2.84 (t, J=8.9 Hz, IH), 2.64 (d, J= 17.6 Hz, IH), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.12 (s, 3H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.82 (dd, J=15.3, 12.0 Hz, IH), 1.29 (s, 3H), 1.17 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCI3) δ 148.5, 148.3, 148.1 , 144.2, 139.3, 133.8, 130.8, 130.2, 124.8, 124.2, 121.4, 118.9, 1 17.6, 1 13.0, 1 12.0, 101.0, 99.8, 99.2, 74.2, 67.0, 62.0, 59.7, 57.7, 57.4, 57.3, 56.7, 55.5, 48.3, 41.6, 26.3, 25.6, 24.4, 24.3, 15.7, 9.3; FTIR (neat) 2988 (w), 2933 (m br), 2825 (w), 1483 (m), 1460 (m), 1444 (m), 1432 (m), 1421 (m), 1380 (m), 1367 (w), 1341 (w), 1232 (w), 1212 (m), 1 157 (m), 1104 (s), 1094 (s), 1076 (m), 1066 (m), 1046 (m), 1023 (m), 999 (m) cm" 1 ; HRMS (FAB), [m+Na]/z calc'd for C35H45θsN3Na: 658.3104, found 658.3114; [OC]D23 +107° (c 0.10, methylene chloride).
Example 9
Figure imgf000039_0001
9 (89% yield over 3 steps)
Allyl ether (8) (35.0 mg, 0.055 mmol) and acetic acid (20.0 μL, 0.35 mmol) were dissolved in methylene chloride (2.0 mL). PdCl2(PPh3)2 (2.5 mg, 0.0036 mmol) was added as a solid followed by tributyltin hydride (40.0 μL, 0.148 mmol). Bubbling was observed and the reaction changes color from a yellow to a dark orange. After stirring at 23°C for 5 min, triethylamine (100 μL, 0.72 mmol), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (7.0 mg, 0.057 mmol) and acetic anhydride (10.0 μL, 0.10 mmol) were added to the solution. After stirring at 23°C for 10 min, the reaction was concentrated in vacuo and dissolved in a solution of 19: 1 acetic acid-water (2.0 mL). After stirring at 23°C for 5 min the reaction was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by flash column chromatography (14 mL silica gel, gradient 1: 1 to 2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane) to afford Compound 9 (27.8 mg, 89%). Ry0.19 (1: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane); *H NMR (500 MHz, CDCI3) δ 6.70 (s, IH), 5.96 (d, J= 1.3 Hz, IH), 5.90 (d, J= 1.4 Hz, IH), 5.14 (d, J=5.7 Hz, IH), 5.07 (d, J=5.7 Hz, IH), 4.21 (d, J=2.3 Hz, IH), 4.10 (d, J= 1.8 Hz, IH), 3.99 (t, J=3.3 Hz, IH), 3.72 (s, 3H), 3.66 (d, J= l l . l Hz, IH), 3.58 (s, 3H), 3.49-3.44 (m, IH), 3.40-3.32 (m, 2H), 3.10 (dd, J= 18.0, 7.9 Hz, IH), 2.79 (d, J= 15.7 Hz, IH), 2.51 (d, J= 18.1 Hz, IH), 2.36 (s, 3H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 2.21 (s, 3H), 2.00 (s, 3H), 1.82- 1.70 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (125 MHz, CDCI3) δ
168.5, 148.6, 148.3, 144.5, 140.6, 140.4, 131.3, 129.5, 125.1 , 123.6, 120.5,
1 17.6, 113.2, 1 1 1.7, 101.5, 99.2, 63.6, 59.9, 59.8, 58.0, 57.7, 56.9, 56.1 , 55.3, 41.6, 26.3, 25.6, 20.1 , 15.7, 9.3; FTIR (neat) 3500 (m br), 2935 (s br), 2854 (w), 1760 (s), 1484 (m), 1440 (m), 1434 (m), 1401 (m), 1370 (m), 1341 (w), 1324 (w), 1234 (m), 1201 (s), 1158 (m), 1106 (s), 1086 (s), 1075 (s), 1043 (m), 1023 (m), 1000 (m), 961 (m), 912 (m) cm' 1; HRMS (FAB), [m+Na]/z calc'd for C3θH35θ8N3Na: 588.2322, found 588.2303; [α]o23 +50.2° (c 0.66, methylene chloride) .
Methods for Generating the Dicarboximides:
Many of the phthalimides and dicarboximides were not commercially available and had to be synthesized from the commercially available anhydrides or dicarboxylic acids using a variety of established methodologies. The dicarboxylic acids were converted to the anhydrides by heating with acetic anhydride. Heating the anhydrides with urea1 , urethane^ or formamide3 at
Campayo. L.; Jimenez, B.; Manzano. T.; Navarro, P. Synthesis 1985. 197 and Crockett, G. C; Swanson. B. J.; Anderson. D. R.; Koch. T. H. Synth. Commun. 1981. // (6), 447-454. Weidner- Wells, M. A.; DeCamp, A.: Mazzocchi. P. H. J. Org. Chem. 1989. 54 (24), 5746-5758. Vostrova V. N.; Plakidin. V. L. J. Org. Chem. USSR 1982. 18. 1754 and Ganin. E. V.; Makarov, V. F.; Nikitin, V. I. J. Org. Chem. USSR 1987, 23. 981-983. ~200°C (15 minutes to 12 hours) and crystallization from water afforded pure to semi-pure dicarboximides. Filtration through a pad of silica gel and elution with ethyl acetate provided pure material. Alternatively the anhydrides were reacted with ammonium hydroxide followed by refluxing in ethanol with catalytic hydrochloric acid^. The 1 ,2-Naphthalimide was synthesized via a Diels-Alder with β-bromostyrene and maleimide.5 p-Toluenesulfonyl isocyanate and t-butanol were reacted in order to generate the BOC-protected tolylsulfonamide." The dicarboximides were systematically dried under vacuum (60°C, 30 mm) and by toluene azeotrope immediately before use.
Example 10
General Procedure for the Mitsunobu Coupling Reaction of Alcohol
(9) with Dicarboximides
Figure imgf000041_0001
The alcohol (9) (1.0 mg, 0.0018 mmol) and the dicarboximide (0.0065 mmol, 3.6 equiv.) were azeotropically dried with toluene (2 x 0.1 mL) and dissolved in THF (0.2 mL). Triphenylphosphine (1.7 mg, 0.0065 mmol) was added as a solid followed by diethyl azodicarboxylate (1.0 μL, 0.0064 mmol) via syringe. The reaction turned yellow and after stirring at 23°C7 for 15 h the reaction was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (1.0 mL silica gel, gradient methylene chloride to 2: 1 diethyl
Alexion, M; Tyman, J.; Wilson, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1981, 22 (24), 2303.
Newman, . S.; Dhawan, B.; Hahem, M. M.; Khanna, V. K.; Springer, J. M. J. Org. Chem.
1976, 41 (24), 3925.
Corey, E. J.; Su, Wei-juo Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31 (27), 3833-3836. ether-hexane to 1: 1 to 2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane) followed by preparative thin layer chromatography to afford the desired product.
The methoxymethyl ether was dissolved in a mixture of trifluoroacetic acid-THF-water (4: 1: 1 (v/v), 1.2 mL) and the solution was stirred at 23 °C for 11 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with toluene (1 mL) and the solution was concentrated in vacuo. Additional volatiles were removed by repetitive in vacuo azeotropic concentration from toluene (3 x 1 mL). The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (0.5 mL silica gel, gradient methylene chloride to 2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane) to afford the desired product.
Table 1. General Procedure for the Coupling of Alcohol (9) with Dicarboximides.
Entry Compound # Dicarboximide Mitsunobu Coupling MOM Removal Yield (%) Yield (%)
Figure imgf000042_0001
Heating to 40°C was required for entries 8 and 9.
Figure imgf000043_0001
Example 11
Compound 10 - Preparative thin layer chromatography of the first step was done using 4: 1 diethyl ether-hexane. RyO.42 (2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane); l NMR (500 MHz, CDCI3) δ 6.50 (s, IH), 5.99 (s, IH), 5.91 (s, IH), 5.62 (s, IH), 4.28 (s, IH), 4.16 (d, J=3.1 Hz, IH), 4.02 (s, IH), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.75-3.70 (m, 2H), 3.37 (d, J=7.3 Hz, IH), 3.15 (d, J= 1 1.4 Hz, IH), 2.96 (dd, J= 18.0, 7.9 Hz, IH), 2.86 (d, J= 18.0 Hz, IH), 2.74 (d, J= 15.5 Hz, IH), 2.43 (q, J=7.4 Hz, IH), 2.29 (s, 6H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 2.01 (s, 3H), 2.04-2.02 (m, IH), 1.80- 1.45 (m, 4H), 1.40- 1.17 (m, 5H); FTIR (neat) 3412 (m br), 2935 (m br), 2858 (m), 2256 (w), 1759 (m), 1706 (s), 1498 (w), 1452 (m), 1434 (m), 1396 (m), 1370 (m), 1334 (m), 1325 (m), 1295 (m), 1234 (m), 1201 (m), 1 148 (m), 1 105 (m), 1093 (m), 1075 (m), 1008 (m), 913 (m) cm" 1 ; HRMS (FAB), [m+Na]/z calc'd for C36H40θ8N4Na: 679.2744, found 679.2727.
Example 12
Compound 11 - Preparative thin layer chromatography of the first step was done using 4: 1 diethyl ether-hexane. Ry0.45 (2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane); l NMR (500 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.85 (d, J=8.7 Hz, IH), 8.12 (d, J=8.2 Hz, IH), 7.95 (d, J=8.1 Hz, IH), 7.76-7.72 (m, 2H), 7.67-7.65 (m, IH), 6.26 (s, IH), 5.63 (s, IH), 5.58 (s, IH), 5.34 (br s, IH), 4.33-4.28 (m, 2H), 4.07 (s, IH), 3.72-3.65 (m, 2H), 3.57 (s, 3H), 3.40 (d, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 3.25 (d, J= 1 1.5 Hz, IH), 3.02 (dd, J=17.1, 7.6 Hz, IH), 2.80 (d, J= 14.9 Hz, IH), 2.66 (d, J= 18.6 Hz, IH), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.00 (s, 3H), 1.99 (s, 3H), 1.80 (dd, J= 14.9, 1 1.7 Hz, IH); FTIR (neat) 3438 (m br), 2938 (m br), 1763 (m), 1706 (s), 1588 (w), 1500 (w), 1456 (m), 1431 (m), 1388 (m), 1231 (m), 1200 (m), 1144 (w), 1100 (m), 1075 (m), 1031
(w), 1006 (w) cm" 1; HRMS (FAB), [m+Na]/z calc'd for C4θH36θδN4Na: 723.2431, found 723.2443.
Example 13
Compound 12 - Preparative thin layer chromatography of the first step was done using 1: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane. Ry0.34 (1 : 1 ethyl acetate-hexane);
!H NMR (500 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.73 (s, 2H), 6.40 (s, IH), 5.78 (s, IH), 5.63 (br s, IH), 5.55 (s, IH), 4.24-4.21 (m, 2H), 4.00 (d, J=1.9 Hz, IH), 3.74-3.71 (m, 2H), 3.60 (s, 3H), 3.36 (d, J=8.1 Hz, IH), 3.18 (d, J= 1 1.9 Hz, IH), 3.00 (dd, J= 17.9, 8.2 Hz, IH), 2.75-2.69 (m, 2H), 2.28 (s, 6H), 2.24 (s, 3H), 2.01 (s, 3H), 1.61- 1.54 (m, IH); FTIR (neat) 3415 (m br), 2933 (m br), 2855 (w), 1762 (m), 1720 (s), 1500 (w), 1459 (m), 1452 (m), 1433 (m), 1387 (m), 1369 (m), 1265 (m), 1234 (m),
1196 (m), 1144 (m), 1102 (m), 1083 (m), 1074 (m) cm" 1; HRMS (FAB), [m+Na]/z calc'd for C36H32θsN4Cl2Na: 741.1495, found 741.1498. Example 14
Compound 13 - Preparative thin layer chromatography of the first step was done using 4: 1 diethyl ether-hexane and again using 1: 1 ethyl acetate- hexane. R/0.20 ( 1 : 1 ethyl acetate-hexane); *H NMR (500 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.21 (s, 2H), 8.03 (dd, J=6.1, 3.2 Hz, 2H), 7.69 (dd, J=6.1 , 3.2 Hz, 2H), 6.38 (s, IH), 5.62 (s, IH), 5.57 (s, IH), 5.30 (s, IH), 4.31-4.28 (m, 2H), 4.02 (s, IH), 3.73- 3.68 (m, 2H), 3.52 (s, 3H), 3.36 (d, J=7.3 Hz, IH), 3.22 (d, J= 1 1.7 Hz, IH), 3.02 (dd, J=18.2, 7.7 Hz, IH), 2.78 (d, J=15.3 Hz, IH), 2.67 (d, J= 18.0 Hz, IH), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.13 (s, 3H), 1.99 (s, 3H), 1.78 (dd, J= 14.8, 12.4 Hz, IH); FTIR (neat) 3428 (m br), 2983 (m br), 1766 (m), 1712 (s), 1432 (m), 1384 (m),
1 197 (m), 1150 (w), 1 103 (m), 905 (w) cm" 1; HRMS (FAB), [m+Na]/z calc'd for C4θH36θ8N4Na: 723.2431 , found 723.2416.
Example 15
Compound 14 - Preparative thin layer chromatography of the first step was done using 4: 1 diethyl ether-hexane. Ry0.20 (4: 1 diethyl ether-hexane); *H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.50 (d, J=7.9 Hz, IH), 8.46 (s, IH), 7.85 (d, J=8.1 Hz, IH), 6.43 (s, IH), 5.76 (s, IH), 5.58 (br s, IH), 5.54 (s, IH), 4.27 (t, J=4.6 Hz, IH), 4.24 (d, J=2.0 Hz, IH), 4.00 (d, J=2.5 Hz, IH), 3.79 (d, J=4.0 Hz, 2H), 3.57 (br s, 3H), 3.38 (d, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 3.18 (d, J= 1 1.6 Hz, IH), 3.02 (dd, J= 18.1 , 8.1 Hz, IH), 2.74 (d, J= 16.7 Hz, 2H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 2.21 (s, 3H), 2.01 (s, 3H), 1.65- 1.55 (m, IH); FTIR (neat) 3488 (w br), 2932 (m br), 1761 (m), 1725 (s), 1622 (w), 1584 (w), 1541 (m), 1499 (w), 1435 (m), 1393 (w), 1345 (m), 1233 (m), 1 196 (m), 1 146 (w), 1 105 (m), 1075 (m), 1030 (m), 1001 (w), 951 (w), 907 (w) cm' 1 ; HRMS (FAB), [m+Na]/z calc'd for C36H33θ ιoNsNa: 718.2125, found 718.2125. Example 16
Compound 15 - Preparative thin layer chromatography of the first step was done using 1: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane. Ry0.25 (2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane); H NMR (500 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.07 (dd, J=8.1, 0.7 Hz, IH), 7.96 (dd, J=7.5, 0.8 Hz, IH), 7.84 (t, J=7.8 Hz, IH), 6.36 (s, IH), 5.68 (s, IH), 5.60 (s, IH), 5.46 (br s, IH), 4.30-4.20 (m, 2H), 4.03 (d, J= 1.8 Hz, IH), 3.75-3.65 (m, 5H), 3.35 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 3.21 (d, J= 12.3 Hz, IH), 3.02 (dd, J= 18.2, 8.2 Hz, IH), 2.78 (d, J= 16.5 Hz, IH), 2.61 (d, J= 17.8 Hz, IH), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.21 (s, 3H), 2.00 (s, 3H), 1.80-1.70 (m, IH); FTIR (neat) 3490 (w br), 2938 (m br), 1762 (m), 1722 (s), 1543 (m), 1459 (m), 1448 (m), 1444 (m), 1433 (m), 1394 (m), 1369 (m),
1233 (m), 1196 (m), 1103 (m), 1074 (m) cm' 1; HRMS (FAB), [m+Na]/z calc'd for C36H33θιoN5Na: 718.2125, found 718.2122.
Example 17
Compound 16 - Preparative thin layer chromatography of the first step was done using 2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane. Ry0.19 (2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane);
*H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 6.49 (s, IH), 5.94 (s, IH), 5.87 (s, IH), 5.64 (s, IH), 4.20 (d, J=2.2 Hz, IH), 4.15 (t, J=4.4 Hz, IH), 4.03 (d, J= 1.2 Hz, IH), 3.78 (s, 3H), 3.65-3.43 (m, 2H), 3.35 (d, J=7.8 Hz, IH), 3.17 (d, J=12.3 Hz, IH), 2.99 (dd, J= 18.5, 7.9 Hz, IH), 2.76 (dd, J= 15.6, 1.8 Hz, 2H), 2.43-2.10 (m, 13H), 2.01 (s, 3H), 1.70- 1.60 (m, IH); FTIR (neat) 3428 (m br), 2926 (s br), 2853 (m), 1757 (m), 1705 (s), 1497 (w), 1431 (m br), 1233 (w), 1 198 (m), 1 150 (w), 1086 (m), 920 (w) cm' 1 ; HRMS (FAB), [m+Na]/z calc'd for C32H34θδN4Na: 625.2274, found 625.2274.
Example 18
Compound 17 - The Mitsunobu was conducted at 40°C and the purification by preparative thin layer chromatography was done using 10% ethyl acetate-methylene chloride and again using 5% methanol-methylene chloride. R 0.31 (2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane); H NMR (500 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.48 (m, 2H), 8.21 (dd, J=8.3, 0.9 Hz, 2H), 7.75 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 6.34 (s, IH), 5.68 (s, IH), 5.29 (s, IH), 4.62 (br s, IH), 4.46 (d, J=2.2 Hz, IH), 4.34 (dd, J=9.4, 3.3 Hz, IH), 4.23 (dd, J= 12.7, 9.7 Hz, IH), 4.07 (d, J=2.2 Hz, IH), 3.90 (dd, J= 13.0, 3.3 Hz, IH), 3.79 (s, 3H), 3.35 (d, J=9.5 Hz, IH), 3.24 (d, J= l 1.9 Hz, IH), 3.04 (dd, J=18.3, 8.4 Hz, IH), 2.85 (d, J=14.9 Hz, IH), 2.58 (d, J= 17.8 Hz, IH), 2.34 (s, 3H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.24 (s, 3H), 2.02-1.95 (m, IH), 1.94 (s, 3H); FTIR (neat) 3422 (m br), 2929 (m br), 1761 (m), 1704 (m), 1660 (s), 1591 (m), 1456 (m),
1439 (m), 1378 (m), 1236 (s), 1 198 (m), 1 105 (m), 1074 (m) cm" 1 ; HRMS (FAB), [m+Na]/z calc'd for C4θH36θδN4Na: 723.2431 , found 723.2433.
Example 19
Compound 18 - The Mitsunobu was conducted at 40° C and the purification by preparative thin layer chromatography of the first step was done using 5% methanol-methylene chloride. Ry0.45 (2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane); *H NMR (500 MHz, CDCI3) δ 9.19 (s, IH), 9.12 (d, J=2.2 Hz, IH), 8.66 (d, J=6.5 Hz, IH), 8.41 (d, J=8.3 Hz, IH), 7.93 (t, J=7.8 Hz, IH), 6.34 (s, IH), 5.67 (s, IH), 5.34 (s, IH), 4.75 (br s, IH), 4.42 (d, J=2.3 Hz, IH), 4.34 (dd, J=9.3, 3.2 Hz, IH), 4.29-4.21 (m, IH), 4.07 (d, J=2.0 Hz, IH), 3.95 (dd, J=13.1 , 3.1 Hz, IH), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.37 (d, J=7.9 Hz, IH), 3.23 (d, J=1 1.8 Hz, IH), 3.06 (dd, J= 18.1 , 8.2 Hz, IH), 2.84 (d, J= 15.5 Hz, IH), 2.59 (d, J= 18.1 Hz, IH), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.22 (s, 3H), 2.03-1.85 (m, 4H); FTIR (neat) 3463 (m br), 2931 (m br), 1762 (m), 171 1 (m), 1668 (s), 1600 (m), 1542 (m), 1458 (m), 1433 (m), 1420 (m), 1370 (m), 1345 (m), 1328 (m), 1234 (m), 1197 (m), 1104 (m), 1075 (m) cm" 1 ; HRMS (FAB), [m+Na]/z calc'd for C4θH35θιoNsNa: 768.2282, found
768.2308. Example 20
Compound 19 - Preparative thin layer chromatography of the first step was done using 4: 1 diethyl ether-hexane. Ry0.50 (2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane);
*H NMR (500 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.28 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.00 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 6.59 (s, IH), 5.76 (s, 2H), 5.53 (br s, IH), 4.11 (s, IH), 4.00 (d, J=6.3 Hz, IH), 3.93 (s, IH), 3.89 (s, IH), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.57-3.45 (m, IH), 3.35-3.29 (m, 2H), 3.18-3.1 1 (m, 2H), 2.72-2.87 (m, IH), 2.49 (d, J= 16.9 Hz, IH), 2.39 (s, 3H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 1.99 (s, 3H), 1.82 (dd, J= 16.4, 12.4 Hz, IH); FTIR (neat) 3425 (w br), 3331 (m br), 2958 (m), 2927 (s br), 2855 (m), 1759 (s), 1719 (w), 1498 (w), 1459 (m), 1390 (m), 1370 (m), 1326 (m), 1233 (s), 1201 (s),
1 154 (s), 1 1 1 1 (m), 1088 (s), 1074 (s), 1028 (m), 1007 (m), 995 (w) cm" 1 ; HRMS (FAB), [m+Na]/z calc'd for C35H38θsN4SNa: 697.2308, found 697.2318.
Example 21
Figure imgf000048_0001
Nitro compound (14) (0.5 mg, 0.00072 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (0.4 mL), 10% Pd/C (0.2 mg) and ammonium formate (12.0 mg, 0.19 mmol) were added at 23°C and the reaction was stirred for 40 min. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (2 mL), filtered through a plug of Celite, concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by flash column chromatography (1.5 mL silica gel, 2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane) to afford Compound 20 (0.3 mg, 63%). Rf 0.20 (2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane); *H NMR (500 MHz, CDCI3) I 7.49 (d 8.1 1), 6.91 (d 2.1 , IH), 6.77 (dd, J=8.1 , 2.2 Hz, IH), 6.38 (s, IH), 5.67 (s, IH), 5.61 (s, IH), 5.34 (br s, IH), 4.28 (br s, 2H), 4.23-4.19 (m, 2H), 4.03 (d, J= 1.8 Hz, IH), 3.71 (s, 3H), 3.53 (d, J=5.7 Hz, 2H), 3.33 (d, J=8.2 Hz, IH), 3.20 (d, J= 12.3 Hz, IH), 3.01 (dd, J=17.6, 8.1 Hz, IH), 2.78 (d, J= 14.7 Hz, IH), 2.61 (d, J=18.6 Hz, IH), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.24 (s, 3H), 1.98 (s, 3H), 1.79 (dd, J= 14.4, 1 1.8 Hz, IH); FTIR (neat) 3456 (w br), 3374 (m br), 3243 (w br), 2932 (m br), 2853 (w), 1760 (m), 1703 (m), 1699 (s), 1617 (m), 1501 (m), 1463 (m), 1457 (m), 1431 (m), 1398 (m), 1232 (m), 1199 (m), 1 103 (m), 1073 (m) cm" 1; HRMS (FAB), [m+Na]/z calc'd for C36H35θsN5Na: 688.2383, found 688.2367.
Example 22
Figure imgf000049_0001
Nitro compound (18) (0.5 mg, 0.00067 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (0.4 mL), 10% Pd/C (0.2 mg) and ammonium formate ( 12.0 mg, 0.19 mmol) were added at 23°C and the reaction was stirred for 40 min. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (2 mL), filtered through a plug of Celite, concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by flash column chromatography (1.5 mL silica gel, 2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane) to afford Compound 21 (0.4 mg, 83%). Ry
0.28 (2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane); lH NMR (500 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.21 s (1), 7.93- 7.91 (m, 2H), 7.59 (t, J=7.8 Hz, IH), 7.28 (d, J=2.3 Hz, IH), 6.35 (s, IH), 5.68 (s, IH), 5.32 (s, IH), 4.67 (br s, IH), 4.44 (s, IH), 4.32 (dd, J=9.6, 3.2 Hz, IH), 4.20- (t, J-11.0 Hz, IH), 4.14 (s, 2H), 4.07 (d, J=2.3 Hz, IH), 3.86 (dd, J=13.1, 3.3 Hz, IH), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.34 (d, J=8.5 Hz, IH), 3.24 (d, J-12.1 Hz, IH), 3.04 (dd, J=17.8, 7.9 Hz, IH), 2.84 (d, J=14.4 Hz, IH), 2.57 (d, J=17.6 Hz, IH), 2.34 (s, 3H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.24 (s, 3H), 2.05-1.93 (m, 4H); FTIR (neat) 3456 (m br), 3369 (s br), 3250 (w br), 2931 (m br), 2856 (w), 1750 (m), 1700 (s), 1656 (s), 1619 (s), 1581 (m), 1450 (s), 1375 (m), 1331 (w), 1300 (m), 1231 (m), 1219 (m), 1150 (w), 1106 (m), 1075 (m) cm"1; HRMS (FAB), [m+Na]/z calc'd for C4θH37θ8NsNa: 738.2540, found 738.2566.
Example 23
Figure imgf000050_0001
Alcohol (9) (1.0 mg, 0.0018 mmol) was dissolved in methylene chloride (0.2 mL) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (0.1 mg, 0.00082 mmol) and phenyl isocyanate (0.5 μL, 0.0046 mmol) were added to the solution. The reaction was stirred at 23σC for 3 hr and then quenched into a saturated solution of aqueous sodium bicarbonate (10 mL). The mixture was extracted with methylene chloride (2 x 5 mL) and the organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, decanted and concentrated in vacuo to afford a residue (1.2 mg, 100%). This crude material was dissolved in a mixture of trifluoroacetic acid-THF-water (4: 1 : 1 (v/v), 1.0 mL) and the solution was stirred at 23'C for 1 1 hr. The reaction mixture was diluted with toluene ( 1 mL) and the solution was concentrated in vacuo. Additional volatiles were removed by repetitive in vacuo azeotropic concentration from toluene (3 x 1 mL). The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (1 mL silica gel, gradient methylene chloride to 1:4 to 1: 1 to 2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane) to afford Compound 22 (0.8 mg, 71%).
R/0.54 (2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane); H NMR (500 MHz, CD2CI2) δ 7.28-7.25 (m, 4H), 7.04-7.01 (m, IH), 6.33 (br s, IH), 6.27 (s, IH), 5.98 (d, J= 1.2 Hz, IH), 5.94 (d, J= 1.3 Hz, IH), 5.68 (s, IH), 4.50 (dd, J= 11.2, 3.2 Hz, IH), 4.13-4.1 1 (m, 2H), 4.05 (d, J=2.2 Hz, IH), 3.90 (dd, J= 1 1.2, 3.4 Hz, IH), 3.57 (br s, 3H), 3.33 (d, J=7.8 Hz, IH), 3.17 (dt, J= 1 1.9, 2.7 Hz, IH), 2.95 (dd, J= 17.9, 8.2 Hz, IH), 2.83 (d, J= 14.4 Hz, IH), 2.63 (d, J= 17.8 Hz, IH), 2.34 (s, 3H), 2.24 (s, 3H), 2.03 (s, 3H), 1.87-1.81 (m, IH), 1.81 (br s, 3H); FTIR (neat) 3375 (m br), 2933 (m br), 2873 (w), 1733 (m br), 1601 (m), 1533 (m), 1501 (m), 1445 (m), 1417 (m), 1371 (m), 1314 (m), 1299 (m), 1266 (m), 1214 (s), 1 155 (m), 1 145 (m), 1 109 (m), 1086 (m), 1070 (m), 1029 (m), 1007 (m), 953 (w) cm"1; HRMS (FAB), [m+Na]/z calc'd for C35H36θ8N4Na: 663.2431 , found 663.2417.
Example 24
Figure imgf000051_0001
23 (94%)
Phthalimide (7) (0.3 mg, 0.00046 mmol) was dissolved in methylene chloride (0.2 mL) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (0.6 mg, 0.0049 mmol) and acetic anhydride ( 1.0 μL, 0.010 mmol) were added to the solution. The reaction was stirred at 23°C for 20 min and then purified by flash column chromatography (0.3 mL silica gel, gradient methylene chloride to ethyl acetate) to afford Compound 23 (0.3 mg, 94%). R 0.19 (1: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane); *H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.72-7.65 (m, 4H), 6.78 (s, IH), 5.70 (s, IH), 5.40 (br s, IH), 4.25-4.23 (m, 2H), 3.72-3.63 (m, 2H), 3.63-3.50 (m, 4H), 3.38 (d, J=7.6 Hz, IH), 3.19 (d, J= 12.2 Hz, IH), 3.05 (dd, J=18.1, 8.0 Hz, IH), 2.72 (d, J= 18.0 Hz, IH), 2.62 (d, J= 14.6 Hz, IH), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 2.23 (s, 3H), 2.00 (s, 3H), 1.78- 1.63 (m, IH); FTIR (neat) 2931 (m br), 2850 (w), 1769 (s), 1713 (s), 1494 (w), 1431 (m br), 1394 (m), 1369 (m), 1238 (m), 1 194 (s), 1 100 (m), 1075 (m) cm" 1; HRMS (FAB), [m+Na]/z calc'd for C38H36θgN4Na: 715.2380, found 715.2360.
Example 25
Figure imgf000052_0001
Phthalimide (7) (0.7 mg, 0.001 1 mmol) was dissolved in methylene chloride (0.2 mL) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (1.0 μL, 0.0058 mmol) and N- chlorosuccinimide (0.66 mg, 0.0049 mmol) were added to the solution. The reaction was stirred at 23CC for 28 hr and passed through a small plug of silica gel with ethyl acetate. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by preparative thin layer chromatography ( 10% ethyl acetate- methylene chloride, three elutions) to afford Compound 24 (0.5 mg, 68%). Rf
0.19 (10% ethyl acetate-methylene chloride); *H NMR (500 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.72- 7.70 (m, 2H), 7.65-7.63 (m, 2H), 5.70 (s, IH), 5.56 (s, IH), 5.39 (br s, IH), 4.28 (d, J=2.2 Hz, IH), 4.25 (t, J=5.4 Hz, IH), 4.07 (s, IH), 3.66 (d, J=4.9 Hz, 2H), 3.60 (s, 3H), 3.46 (d, J=8.3 Hz, IH), 3.22 (d, J-11.7 Hz, IH), 2.96 (dd, J=18.7, 8.0 Hz, IH), 2.76 (d, J=15.8 Hz, IH), 2.70 (d, J=18.6 Hz, IH), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 6H), 1.99 (s, 3H), 1.67 (t, J=12.4 Hz, IH); FTIR (neat) 3407 (m br), 2936 (m br), 2854 (w), 1764 (m), 1716 (s), 1466 (m), 1452 (m), 1431 (m), 1408 (m), 1395 (m), 1369 (m), 1315 (w), 1273 (w), 1235 (m), 1197 (m), 1146 (w), 1102 (m), 1086
(m), 1074 (m), 1031 (m), 1003 (w), 947 (m) cm"1; HRMS (FAB), [m+Na]/z calc'd for C3βH33θ8N4ClNa: 707.1885, found 707.1888.
Example 26
Figure imgf000053_0001
(1.0 equiv)
CHJCIJ, 23 °C, 40 min
Figure imgf000053_0002
Figure imgf000053_0003
25 (89%)
Phthalimide (7) (0.5 mg, 0.00077 mmol) was dissolved in a 0.0056 M solution of N-bromosuccinimide in methylene chloride (0.14 mL, 0.00079 mmol). The reaction was stirred at 23°C for 40 min and was then quenched into a saturated solution of sodium thiosulfate (10 mL). The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate ( 10 mL) and the organic layers were washed with water (2 x 20 mL) and saturated aqueous sodium chloride (20 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, decanted and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by preparative thin layer chromatography (10% ethyl acetate-methylene chloride, two elutions) to afford Compound 25 (0.5 mg, 89%). R 0.16 (10% ethyl acetate-methylene chloride); XH NMR (500 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.73-7.71 (m, 2H), 7.65-7.63 (m, 2H), 5.68 (s, IH), 5.60 (s, IH), 5.36 (br s, IH), 4.28 (s, IH), 4.25 (t, J=5.3 Hz, IH), 4.08 (s, IH), 3.65 (d, J=5.0 Hz, 2H), 3.61 (s, 3H), 3.46 (d, J=8.1 Hz, IH), 3.22 (d, J= 1 1.5 Hz, IH), 2.94 (dd, J= 18.7, 8. 1 Hz, IH), 2.76 (d, J= 15.7 Hz, IH), 2.69 (d, J= 18.4 Hz, IH), 2.35 (s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 6H), 1.99 (s, 3H), 1.69-1.63 (m, IH); FTIR (neat) 3412 (m br), 2935 (m br), 2856 (w), 1764 (m), 1717 (s), 1461 (m), 1449 (m), 1431 (m), 1405 (m), 1395 (m), 1369 (m), 1 196 (m), 1101 (m), 1075 (m) cm' 1; HRMS (FAB), [m+Na]/z calc'd for C36H33θsN4BrNa: 751.1379, found 751.1399.
Example 27
Figure imgf000054_0001
Phthalimide (7) (0.5 mg, 0.00077 mmol) was dissolved in 3:2 acetonitrile- water (0.25 mL). Silver nitrate (4.0 mg, 0.024 mmol) was added as a solid and the solution was stirred at 23°C for 1 1 hr. The reaction was quenched by stirring with a 1 : 1 mixture of saturated aqueous sodium chloride and saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (0.5 mL) for 15 min. The mixture was poured into a 1 : 1 mixture of saturated aqueous sodium chloride and saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (2 mL) and extracted with methylene chloride (3 x 4 mL) , dried over sodium sulfate, filtered through Celite and concentrated in vacuo to afford Compound 26 (0.3 mg, 60%). l NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.72-7.70 (m, 2H), 7.66-7.62 (m, 2H), 6.43 (s, IH), 5.58 (s, IH), 5.59 (s, IH), 5.15 (br s, IH), 4.65-4.58 (m, 2H), 4.01 (d, J=10.6 Hz, IH), 3.93 (s, IH), 3.69-3.50 (m, 5H), 3.26 (d, J= 1 1.8 Hz, IH), 3. 15 (d, J=7.2 Hz, IH), 2.92 (dd, J= 18.2, 8.4 Hz, IH), 2.71 (d, J= 15.2 Hz, IH), 2.58 (d, J= 17.5 Hz, IH), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 2.24 (s, 3H), 1.96 (s, 3H), 1.76- 1.67 (m, IH); FTIR (neat) 3436 (m br), 2960 (m br), 2929 (m br), 2855 (w), 1762 (m), 1716 (s), 1499 (m), 1459 (m), 1432 (m), 1394 (m), 1367 (m), 1293 (w), 1262 (w), 1233 (m), 1199 (m), 1149 (w), 1103 (m), 1073 (m), 1030 (m), 1007 (m), 946 (w) cm"1.
Example 28
Figure imgf000055_0001
Figure imgf000055_0002
27 (44% over 4 steps)
Phthalimide (4) (3.6 mg, 0.0052 mmol) was azeotropically dried with toluene (2 x 2 mL) and dissolved in THF (0.5 mL). The mixture was cooled to - 78°C in a dry ice-acetone bath and a 1.0 M solution of L-Selectride in THF ( 10 μL, 0.010 mmol) was added drop-wise. The reaction was warmed to 23°C slowly over 5 hr and was quenched with 2 drops of 5% acetic acid in water. After stirring at 23°C for 30 min the reaction was concentrated in vacuo, dissolved in ethyl acetate, passed through a short pad a silica gel using ethyl acetate and concentrated in vacuo. This residue was dissolved in methylene chloride (0.8 mL) and to this solution was added acetic acid (5.0 IL, 0.088 mmol), PdCl2(PPh3)2 (1-0 mg, 1.4 μmol) and tributyltin hydride (4.0 μL, 0.015 mmol). Bubbling was observed and the reaction changes from a yellow to a dark orange color. After stirring at 23°C for 10 min the reaction was charged with 4- dimethylaminopyridine ( 13.2 mg, 0.1 1 mmol) and acetic anhydride (10 μL, 0. 10 mmol). The reaction was stirred at 23 'C for 5 min and purified by flash column chromatography (1 mL silica gel, gradient methylene chloride to 2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane). This residue was further purified by preparative thin layer chromatography (2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane) to afford a 55:45 mixture of isomers (3.2 mg, 84%).
The mixture of compounds (1.9 mg, 0.0026 mmol) was dissolved in methylene chloride (0.5 mL) and the solution treated with triethylsilane (28 μL, 0.175 mmol) and trifluoroacetic acid ( 10 μL, 0.129 mmol). After stirring at 23°C for 10 min the reaction was concentrated in vacuo and purified twice by preparative thin layer chromatography (2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane and 5% methanol-methylene chloride) to afford a residue (0.9 mg, 51%).
This material (0.8 mg, 0.0012 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of trifluoroacetic acid-THF-water (4: 1 : 1 (v/v), 1.2 mL) and the solution was stirred at 23'C for 11 hr. The reaction mixture was diluted with toluene (1 mL) and the solution was concentrated in vacuo. Additional volatiles were removed by repetitive in vacuo azeotropic concentration from toluene (3 x 1 mL). The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (1.0 mL silica gel, methylene chloride to 1: 1 to 2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane) to afford Compound 27 (0.8 mg, 100%). R/0.20 (2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane); l NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.75-7.73 (m, IH), 7.39-7.35 (m, 2H), 7.08 (d, J=7.2 Hz, IH), 6.14 (s, IH), 5.97 (s, IH), 5.92 (s, IH), 5.44 (s, IH), 4.36 (d, J= 1.9 Hz, IH), 4.24 (d, J=4.4 Hz, IH), 3.97 (d, J=2.3 Hz, IH), 3.59 (s, 3H), 3.55-3.34 (m, 5H), 3.24 (d, J= 11.6 Hz, IH), 2.89-2.84 (m, 2H), 2.77 (d, J=15.6 Hz, IH), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.27 (s, 3H), 2.05 (s, 3H), 1.96 (s, 3H), 1.62- 1.60 (m, IH); FTIR (neat) 3379 (m br), 2932 ( m br), 2857 (w), 1759 (s), 1682 (s), 1619 (w), 1588 (w), 1499 (w), 1455 (m), 1434 (m), 1416 (m), 1370 (m), 1327 (w), 1303 (w), 1234 (m), 1 199 (s), 1 148 (w), 1 105 (m),
1085 (m), 1076 (m), 1030 (w), 1000 (w), 956 (w), 913 (w) cm" 1 ; HRMS (FAB), [m+Na]/z calc'd for C36H36θ7 4Na: 659.2482, found 659.2488. Example 29
Figure imgf000057_0001
28 (39% over 3 steps)
Figure imgf000057_0002
(Only one isomer isolated)
Phthalimide (4) (3.6 mg, 0.0052 mmol) was azeotropically dried with toluene (2 x 2 mL) and dissolved in THF (0.5 mL). The mixture was cooled to - 78°C in a dry ice-acetone bath and a 1.0 M solution of L-Selectride in THF (10 μL, 0.010 mmol) was added dropwise. The reaction was warmed to 23°C slowly over 5 hr and was quenched with 2 drops of 5% acetic acid in water. After stirring at 23°C for 30 min the reaction was concentrated in vacuo, dissolved in ethyl acetate, passed through a short pad a silica gel using ethyl acetate and concentrated in vacuo. This residue was dissolved in methylene chloride (0.8 mL) and to this solution was added acetic acid (5.0 μL, 0.088 mmol), PdCl2(PPh3)2 (1.0 mg, 1.4 μmol) and tributyltin hydride (4.0 μL, 0.015 mmol). Bubbling was observed and the reaction changes from a yellow to a dark orange color. After stirring at 23°C for 10 min the reaction was charged with 4- dimethylaminopyridine (13.2 mg, 0.1 1 mmol) and acetic anhydride (10 μL, 0. 10 mmol). The reaction was stirred at 23 °C for 5 min and purified by flash column chromatography (1 mL silica gel, gradient methylene chloride to 2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane). This residue was further purified by preparative thin layer chromatography (2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane) to a fford a 55:45 mixture of isomers (3.2 mg, 84%). This material (3.0 mg, 0.004 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of trifluoroacetic acid-THF-water (4: 1: 1 (v/v), 1.2 mL) and the solution was stirred at 23 °C for 11 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with toluene (1 mL) and the solution was concentrated in vacuo. Additional volatiles were removed by repetitive in vacuo azeotropic concentration from toluene (3 x 1 mL) . The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (1.0 mL silica gel, methylene chloride to 2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane) and then purified by preparative thin layer chromatography (2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane) to afford isomerically pure
(28) (1.2 mg, 46%). R/0.18 (2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane); H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.67 (d, J=6.7 Hz, IH), 7.44-7.40 (m, 2H), 7.26-7.24 (m, IH), 6.09 (s, IH), 5.98 (s, IH), 5.96 (s, IH), 5.42 (s, IH), 4.95 (d, J=9.5 Hz, IH), 4.34 (d, J=2.3 Hz, IH), 4.31 (br s, IH), 4.24 (d, J=4.5 Hz, IH), 3.96 (d, J=2.2 Hz, IH), 3.64 (d, J= 14.2 Hz, IH), 3.39-3.12 (m, 6H), 3.25 (dt, J= 1 1.7, 2.7 Hz, IH), 2.85 (dd, J= 18.1 , 7.4 Hz, IH), 2.77 (d, J= 17.9 Hz, IH), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 2.07 (s, 3H), 1.91 (s, 3H), 1.79 (d, J=9.6 Hz, IH); FTIR (neat) 3375 (m br), 2933 (m br), 2857 (w), 2256 (w), 1758 (m), 1686 (s), 1499 (w), 1435 (s), 1370 (m), 1326 (m), 1299 (s), 1292 (s), 1234 (s), 1 199 (s), 1 147 (w), 1 124 (m), 1105 (m), 1084
(s), 1075 (s), 1031 (m), 1008 (m), 953 (m) cm" 1 ; HRMS (FAB), [m+Na]/z calc'd for C36H36θ8N4Na: 675.2431 , found 675.2439.
Example 30
Figure imgf000058_0001
Alcohol (4) (14.3 mg, 0.025 mmol) was azeotropically dried with toluene (2 x 1 mL) in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in methylene chloride (0.5 mL) and to this solution was added N,N-diisopropylethylamine (9.0 μL, 0.052 mmol), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (9.4 mg, 0.077 mmol) and p-toluenesulfonic anhydride (29.0 mg, 0.089 mmol). The reaction was stirred at 23°C for 13 hr and was then quenched into a half- saturated solution of aqueous sodium bicarbonate (10 mL). The mixture was extracted with methylene chloride (3 x 10 mL) and the organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, decanted and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (10 mL silica gel, 1 : 1 ethyl acetate-hexane) to afford Compound 29 (12.6 mg, 69% yield). Rf
0.32 ( 1: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane); *H NMR (500 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.62 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.27 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 2H), 6.70 (s, IH), 6.10-6.07 (m, IH), 5.79 (s, 2H), 5.40 (d, J=15.8 Hz, IH), 5.27 (d, J=10.3 Hz, IH), 5.13-5.09 (m, 2H), 4.20-4.10 (m, 5H), 3.95 (dd, J=9, 3, 3.0 Hz, IH), 3.74 (s, 3H), 3.57 (s, 3H), 3.51 (t, J=9.8 Hz, IH), 3.30 (d, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 3.22 (d, J= 13.6 Hz, 2H), 3.02 (d, J= 17.9, 7.9 Hz, IH), 2.65 (d, J= 17.9 Hz, IH), 2.44 (s, 3H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 2.10 (s,
3H), 1.78 (dd, J= 15.7, 12.2 Hz, IH); 13C NMR (125 MHz, CDCI3) δ 148.6, 148.3, 148.2, 144.7, 144.4, 139.3, 133.7, 132.9, 130.5, 129.7, 127.8, 125.3, 123.7, 121.4, 1 18.0, 1 17.7, 113.0, 1 10.2, 101.2, 99.3, 74.3, 73.5, 61.6, 59.7, 57.7, 57.5, 57.1 , 55.9, 55.6, 41.5, 26.2, 25.4, 21.6, 15.8, 9.3; FTIR (neat) 2935 (m br), 2256 (w), 1738 (w), 1600 (w), 1484 (w), 1449 (m), 1402 (w), 1364 (m), 1342 (m), 1295 (w), 1268 (w), 1232 (m), 1 189 (m), 1177 (s), 1 158 (m), 1096 (s), 1066 (m), 1021 (m), 998 (m), 970 (m), 962 (m), 930 (m) cm" 1 ; HRMS (FAB), [m+Na]/z calc'd for C38H43θ9N3SNa: 740.2618, found 740.2649; [α]o23 +78.7° (c 0.97, methylene chloride). Example 31
Figure imgf000060_0001
Tosylate (29) (14.0 mg, 0.020 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (0.5 mL). Lithium azide (7.7 mg, 0.16 mmol) was added and the reaction was placed in a 70°C oil bath for 20 min. The reaction was cooled to room temperature, diluted with 1: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane (20 mL) and washed with water (3 x 20 mL) and saturated aqueous sodium chloride (20 mL). The organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, decanted and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by preparative thin layer chromatography (2: 1 diethyl ether-hexane, two elutions) to afford Compound 30 (8.4 mg, 73% yield). R/0.43 (1 : 1 ethyl acetate- hexane); lH NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 6.61 (s, IH), 6.15-6.08 (m, IH), 5.94 (d, J=1.4 Hz, IH), 5.87 (d, J= 1.4 Hz, IH), 5.41 (dq, J= 17.2, 1.5 Hz, IH), 5.28 (ddd, J= 1 1.5, 1.6, 1.1 Hz, IH), 5.14 (d, J=5.9 Hz, IH), 5.1 1 (d, J=5.9 Hz, IH), 4.24- 4.12 (m, 4H), 4.01 (dd, J=7.1, 2.9 Hz, IH), 3.73 (s, 3H), 3.58 (s, 3H), 3.40 (dd, J=12.1, 3.0 Hz, IH), 3.35 (d, J=7.6 Hz, IH), 3.27 (dd, J=6.7, 2.6 Hz, IH), 3.24 (d, J=2.6 Hz, IH), 3.12-3.02 (m, 2H), 2.63 (d, J= 17.9 Hz, IH), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.22 (s, 3H), 2.13 (s, 3H), 1.89 (dd, J= 15.8, 12.1 Hz, IH); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCI3) δ 148.6, 148.4, 148.3, 144.4, 139.0, 133.7, 130.6, 130.2, 125.4, 123.7, 121.3, 1 18.1, 1 17.7, 1 12.7, 112.4, 101.2, 99.3, 74.2, 61.3, 59.7, 57.7, 57.1 , 56.9, 56.5, 55.5, 41.5, 26.3, 25.6, 15.7, 9.3; FTIR (neat) 2934 (s br), 2857 (m), 2105 (s), 1725 (w), 1650 (w), 1613 (w), 1581 (w), 1484 (m), 1444 (s), 1342 (m), 1323 (m), 1302 (m), 1269 (m), 1232 (m), 1 158 (m), 1 104 (s), 1096 (m), 1078 (m), 1024 (m), 999 (s), 977 (m), 928 (m), 914 (m) cm" 1 ; HRMS (FAB), [m+Na]/z calc'd for C3 iH36θ6N6Na: 61 1.2594, found 61 1.2613; [α]o23 +71.0° (c 0.73, methylene chloride).
Example 32
Figure imgf000061_0001
Azide (30) was dissolved in nitrogen degassed methanol (0.5 mL). To the solution was added triethylamine (21 μL, 0.15 mmol) and dithiothreitol (24.0 mg, 0.16 mmol). The reaction was stirred at 23°C for 17 hr and then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (20 mL) and washed with water (20 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (20 mL) and the combined organic layers were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride (20 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, decanted and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (5 mL silica gel, gradient diethyl ether to 5% methanol-methylene chloride) to afford Compound 31 (4.9 mg, 59% yield). R 0.10 (5% methanol-methylene chloride); H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 6.70 (s, IH), 6.14-6.10 (m, IH), 5.93 (d, J=1.4 Hz, IH), 5.86 (d, J=1.4 Hz, IH), 5.40 (dd, J=17.1, 1.5 Hz, IH), 5.27 (dd, J=10.3, 1.4 Hz, IH), 5.12 (s, 2H), 4.23 (d, J=2.0 Hz, IH), 4.22-4.18 (m, IH), 4.14 (dd, J= 12.1, 5.8 Hz, IH), 3.99 (d, J=2.5 Hz, IH), 3.91 (s, IH), 3.71 (s, 3H), 3.59 (s, 3H), 3.37 (d, J=7.3 Hz, IH), 3.28 (dt, J= 1 1.7, 2.7 Hz, IH), 3.21 (dd, J= 15.8, 2.7 Hz, IH), 3.09 (dd, J= 17.9, 8.0 Hz, IH), 2.76 (dd, J= 17.7, 2.5 Hz, IH), 2.71 (dd, J= 13.7, 3.3 Hz, IH), 2.49 (d, J= 17.9 Hz, IH), 2.35 (s, 3H), 2.21 (s, 3H), 2.13 (s, 3H), 1.81 (dd, J= 15.7, 11.8 Hz, IH), 1.34 (br s, 2H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCI3) δ 148.6, 148.43, 148.37, 144.5, 138.8, 133.8, 130.8, 130.0, 125.1 , 124.0, 121.3, 1 17.9, 1 17.6, 113.7, 1 12.2, 101.1 , 99.3, 74.1 , 59.9, 59.8, 58.9, 57.7, 57.1, 56.3, 55.3, 44.2, 41.7, 26.5, 25.7, 15.8, 9.3; FTIR (neat) 3100 (w v br), 2934 (m br), 2860 (w), 1484 (w), 1446 (m), 1432 (m), 1385 (m), 1376 (w), 1341 (m), 1323 (w), 1299 (w), 1269 (m), 1233 (w), 1158 (m), 1103 (s), 1075 (m), 1064 (m), 1042 (m), 1023 (s), 998 (m), 977 (m), 964 (m), 927 (m) cπr* ; HRMS (FAB), [m+Na]/z calc'd for C3iH38θ6N4Na: 585.2689, found 585.2693; [α]o23 +86.8° (c 0.41, methylene chloride).
Example 33
Figure imgf000062_0001
Tosylate (29) (1.0 mg, 0.0014 mmol) was dissolved in a saturated solution of potassium 4-pyridinedicarboimide (0.2 mL, -30 equiv.). After stirring at 23°C for 4 hr the reaction was diluted with 1 : 1 ethyl acetate-hexane (10 mL) and washed with water (10 mL). The aqueous was extracted with 1 : 1 ethyl acetate- hexane (10 mL) and the combined organic layers were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride (10 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, decanted and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (1.0 mL silica gel, gradient methylene chloride to 2: 1 diethyl ether-hexane) to afford a residue (0.9 mg, 94%). This material was dissolved in methylene chloride (0.3 mL) and to this solution was added acetic acid (1.0 μL, 0.018 mmol), PdCl2(PPh3)2 (0.5 mg, 0.6 μmol) and tributyltin hydride (2.5 μL, 0.0093 mmol). Bubbling was observed and the reaction changes from a yellow to a dark orange color. After stirring at 23°C for 10 min the reaction was charged with 4-dimethylaminopyridine (2.5 mg, 0.020 mmol) and acetic anhydride (2.5 μL, 0.025 mmol). The reaction was stirred at 23°C for 5 min and purified by preparative thin layer chromatography (2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane) to afford a residue (0.9 mg, 100 %).
This material was dissolved in a mixture of trifluoroacetic acid-THF-water (4: 1: 1 (v/v), 1.2 mL) and the solution was stirred at 23°C for 11 hr. The reaction mixture was diluted with toluene ( 1 mL) and the solution was concentrated in vacuo. Additional volatiles were removed by repetitive in vacuo azeotropic concentration from toluene (3 x 1 mL) . The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (1.0 mL silica gel, gradient methylene chloride to 2: 1 diethyl ether-hexane to ethyl acetate) and then by preparative thin layer chromatography (2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane, two elutions) to afford Compound 32 (0.7 mg, 83%). R/0.14 (2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane); lH NMR (400 MHz, C6D6) δ 8.75 (s, IH), 8.27 (d, J=4.8 Hz, IH), 6.91 (s, IH), 6.39 (s, IH), 5.31 (br s, IH), 5.24 (s, IH), 5.01 (br s, IH), 4.47 (d, J=3.7 Hz, IH), 3.93 (d, J=2.2 Hz, IH), 3.81-3.76 (m, 2H), 3.62 (dd, J=13.9, 5.5 Hz, IH), 3.37 (d, J-11.4 Hz, IH), 2.99 (s, 3H), 2.86 (d, J=4.2 Hz, IH), 2.79 (d, J= 17.1 Hz, IH), 2.62-2.60 (m, 2H), 2.16 (s, 3H), 2.08 (s, 3H), 2.01 (s, 3H), 1.76 (s, 3H), 1.59 (m, IH); FTIR (neat) 3431 (w br), 2935 (m br), 2856 (w), 1761 (m), 1723 (s), 1615 (w), 1499 (m), 1434 (m), 1388 (m), 1369 (w), 1327 (w), 1301 (w), 1294 (m), 1268 (m), 1234 (m), 1197 (m), 1145 (m), 1137 (m), 1 100 (m), 1074 (m), 1030 (m), 1007 (m), 997 (m), 947 (m) cm" 1; HRMS (FAB), [m+Na]/z calc'd for C35H33θsN5Na: 674.2227, found 674.2237. Example 34
Figure imgf000064_0001
Amine (31) (0.6 mg, 0.001 1 mmol) was dissolved in methylene chloride (0.5 mL). To this mixture was added 4-dimethylaminopyridine (0.5 mg, 0.0041 mmol) and α,α-dibromoxylene (0.5 mg, 0.0019 mmol). After stirring at 23°C for 3 hr the reaction was purified by flash column chromatography (0.6 mL silica gel, gradient methylene chloride to 1 : 1 ethyl acetate-hexane) to afford a film (0.5 mg, 71%).
This residue was dissolved in methylene chloride (0.5 mL) and to this solution was added acetic acid (0.5 μL, 0.0088 mmol), PdCl2(PPh3)2 (0.02 mg, 0.04 μmol) and tributyltin hydride (1.0 μL, 0.0037 mmol). Bubbling was observed and the reaction changes from a yellow to a dark orange color. After stirring at 23°C for 10 min the reaction was charged with 4-dimethylaminopyridine (2.0 mg, 0.016 mmol) and acetic anhydride ( 1.0 μL, 0.010 mmol). The reaction was stirred at 23°C for 5 min and purified by preparative thin layer chromatography (1: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane, three elutions).
This material was dissolved in a mixture of trifluoroacetic acid-THF-water (4: 1 : 1 (v/v), 0.5 mL) and the solution was stirred at 23°C for 1 1 hr. The reaction mixture was diluted with toluene ( 1 mL) and the solution was concentrated in vacuo. Additional volatiles were removed by repetitive in vacuo azeotropic concentration from toluene (3 x 1 mL). The residue was purified by preparative thin layer chromatography (2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane, two elutions) to afford Compound 33 (0.2 mg, 43% over two steps). R 0.43 (2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane); *H NMR (500 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.20-7.19 (m, 4H), 6.46 (s, IH), 5.95 (d, J= 1.2 Hz, IH), 5.91 (d, J= 1.3 Hz, IH), 5.64 (s, IH), 4.94 (br s, IH), 4.10 (d, J=8.3 Hz, lH), 4.07 (s, IH), 3.99 (d, J= 1 1.9 Hz, 2H), 3.87 (d, J= l 1.4 Hz, 2H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.26 (d, J=12.0 Hz, IH), 3.20 (d, J=7.2 Hz, IH), 2.91 (dd, J= 17.7, 8.1 Hz, IH), 2.87 (d, J= 12.6 Hz, IH), 2.79 (d, J= 16.6 Hz, IH), 2.75-2.71 (m, IH), 2.59 (d, J=17.8 Hz, IH), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 2.00 (s, 3H), 1.91 (dd, J= 16.1 , 1 1.2 Hz, IH); FTIR (neat) 3406 (w br), 2927 (s), 2854 (m), 1762 (m), 1719 (m), 1459 (m), 1500 (w), 1432 (m), 1370 (m), 1325 (w), 1294 (w), 1233 (m), 1 199 (s), 1 144 (m), 1 105 (m), 1085 (m), 1074 (m), 1029 (m), 1006 (w) cm" 1 ; HRMS (FAB), [m+H]/z calc'd for C36H39O6N4: 623.2870, found 623.2878.
Example 35
Figure imgf000065_0001
3. CF3COOH, THF, H20,
31 4:1:1, 23 °C, 11 h, 34 (48% over 3 steps) 64% over 2 steps
Amine (31) (0.6 mg, 0.001 1 mmol) was dissolved in methylene chloride (0.5 mL). To this mixture was added 4-dimethylaminopyridine (0.5 mg, 0.0041 mmol), pyruvic acid (0.5 μL, 0.0072 mmol) and l-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3- ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (0.5 mg, 0.0026 mmol). After stirring at 23°C for 3 hr the reaction was purified by flash column chromatography (0.6 mL silica gel, gradient methylene chloride to 1: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane) to afford a film (0.5 mg, 73%).
This residue was dissolved in methylene chloride (0.5 mL) and to this solution was added acetic acid (0.5 μL, 0.0088 mmol), PdCl2(PPh3)2 (0.02 mg, 0.04 μmol) and tributyltin hydride (1.5 μL, 0.0056 mmol). Bubbling was observed and the reaction changes from a yellow to a dark orange color. After stirring at 23°C for 10 min the reaction was charged with 4-dimethylaminopyridine (2.0 mg, 0.016 mmol) and acetic anhydride (1.0 μL, 0.010 mmol). The reaction was stirred at 23°C for 5 min and purified by preparative thin layer chromatography (1 : 1 ethyl acetate-hexane, three elutions).
This material was dissolved in a mixture of trifluoroacetic acid-THF-water (4: 1: 1 (v/v), 0.5 mL) and the solution was stirred at 23°C for 11 hr. The reaction mixture was diluted with toluene ( 1 mL) and the solution was concentrated in vacuo. Additional volatiles were removed by repetitive in vacuo azeotropic concentration from toluene (3 x 1 mL). The residue was purified by preparative thin layer chromatography (2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane, two elutions) to afford Compound 34 (0.3 mg, 64% over two steps). R/0.30 (2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane); *H NMR (500 MHz, CDCI3) δ 6.45 (s, IH), 6.42 (br s, IH), 5.99 (d, J= l. l Hz, IH), 5.93 (d, J= 1.2 Hz, IH), 5.66 (s, IH), 4.08-4.06 (m, 2H), 4.01 (d, J=2.4 Hz, IH), 3.79 (s, 3H), 3.46-3.42 (m, 2H), 3.35 (d, J=7.8 Hz, IH), 3.25 (d, J= 1 1.7 Hz, IH), 3.03 (dd, J= 18.1 , 8.5 Hz, IH), 2.79 (d, J= 14.1 Hz, IH), 2.56 (d, J=17.7 Hz, IH), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 2.21 (s, 3H), 2.00 (s, 3H), 1.77 (t, J=13.6 Hz, IH); FTIR (neat) 3382 (m br), 2929 (m br), 2854 (w), 1761 (m), 1735 (m), 1721 (m), 1687 (s), 1519 (w), 1509 (w), 1500 (w), 1458 (m), 1417 (m), 1368 (m), 1325 (w), 1294 (w), 1233 (m), 1 199 (s), 1 155 (m), 1 108 (m),
1087 (m), 1030 (w), 1006 (w), 956 (w) cm' 1 ; HRMS (FAB), [m+Na]/z calc'd for C3 lH34θ8N4Na: 613.2274, found 613.2195. Example 36
Figure imgf000067_0001
35-39
Table 2. General Procedure for the EDC -HCl Coupling of Carboxylic Acids to Phenol (5).
Entry Cmpd Side Chain Stoichiometry Coupling MOM Removal
# Reagent (equiv.) Yield (%) Yield (%)
Figure imgf000067_0002
Phenol (5) (1.0 mg, 0.0015 mmol) was dissolved in a 0.0126 M solution of l-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride and 4-dimethyl- aminopyridine in methylene chloride (0.5 mL, 0.0064 mmol of each). The carboxylic acid was added and the reaction was stirred at 23°C for 30 min and then quenched into a saturated solution of aqueous sodium bicarbonate (2 mL) . The mixture was extracted with methylene chloride (2 x 5 mL) and the organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, decanted and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (1 mL silica gel, gradient methylene chloride to 1 : 1 to 2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane) to afford the corresponding phenolic esters. This material was dissolved in a mixture of trifluoroacetic acid-THF-water (4: 1 : 1 (v/v), 1.0 mL) and the solution was stirred at 23 °C for 1 1 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with toluene ( 1 mL) and the solution was concentrated in vacuo. Additional volatiles were removed by repetitive in vacuo azeotropic concentration from toluene (3 x 1 mL). The residue was purified by flash column chromatography ( 1 mL silica gel, gradient methylene chloride to 2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane to ethyl acetate)8 to afford the desired product.
Example 37
Compound 35 - Rf 0.30 (1 : 1 ethyl acetate-hexane); H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) α 77.2-7.69 (m, 2H), 7.67-7.64 (m, 2H), 6.39 (s, IH), 5.69 (s, IH), 5.60 (s, IH), 5.38 (br s, IH), 4.36-4.22 (m, 4H), 4.00 (d, J= 1.9 Hz, IH), 3.67 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 2H), 3.61 (s, 3H), 3.55 (s, 3H), 3.36 (d, J=8.3 Hz, IH), 3.19 (d, J=12.0 Hz, IH), 3.02 (dd, J= 18.0, 8.3 Hz, IH), 2.73 (dd, J= 15.6, 2.3 Hz, IH), 2.68 (d, J= 18.3 Hz, IH), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.21 (s, 3H), 2.00 (s, 3H), 1.73 (dd, J= 15.4, 12.3 Hz, IH); FTIR (neat) 3420 (w), 2933 (m), 2872 (w), 2854 (w), 1774 (m), 1716 (s), 1432 (m), 1394 (m), 1 1 18 (m), 1 105 (m), 1071 (m), 1231 (m), 1 162 (m) cm" 1 ; HRMS (FAB), [m+Na]/z calc'd for C37H36θgN4Na: 703.2380, found 703.2373.
Entry 5 was purified using 5% methanol-methylene chloride as the eluent. Example 38
Compound 36 - Rf 0.52 (2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane); lH NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) α 7.74-7.71 (m, 2H), 7.68-7.65 (m, 2H), 6.39 (s, IH), 5.65 (s, IH), 5.57 (s, IH), 5.27 (br s, IH), 4.25-4.23 (m, 2H), 4.06 (s, IH), 3.65 (s, 3H), 3.63-3.61 (m, 2H), 3.38 (d, J=6.2 Hz, IH), 3.22 (d, J= 12.0 Hz, IH), 3.03 (dd, J= 17.9, 8.0 Hz, IH), 2.77 (d, J=14.1 Hz, IH), 2.66 (d, J= 18.1 Hz, IH), 2.60 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.22 (s, 3H), 1.97 (s, 3H), 1.79- 1.72 (m, IH), 1.31 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H); FTIR (neat) 3450 (m br), 2979 (w), 2935 (m br), 1771 (w), 1759 (m), 1716 (s), 1460 (m), 1432 (m), 1418 (m), 1394 (m), 1234 (m), 1 191 (m), 1 144 (m), 1 102 (m), 1089 (m), 1070 (m) cm" 1 ; HRMS (FAB), [m+Na]/z calc d for C37H36θ8N4Na: 687.2431, found 687.2421.
Example 39
Compound 37 - Rf 0.60 (2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane); lH NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) α 7.73-7.69 (m, 2H), 7.67-7.64 (m 2), 7.47-7.36 (m, 5H), 6.35 (s, IH), 5.63 (s, IH), 5.25 (br s, IH), 5.13 (br s, IH), 4.22-4.19 (m, 2H), 3.94 (d, J=2.3 Hz, IH), 3.86 (s, 2H), 3.60-3.58 (m, 2H), 3.53 (br s, 3H), 3.33 (d, J=8.2 Hz, IH), 3.16 (d, J= 12.0 Hz, IH), 3.00 (dd, J= 17.9, 8.1 Hz, IH), 2.67 (d, J= 15.6 Hz, IH), 2.60 (d, J= 18.1 Hz, IH), 2.27 (s, 3H), 2.19 (s, 3H), 1.89 (s, 3H), 1.68- 1.61 (m, IH); FTIR (neat) 3429 (m br), 2932 (m br), 2856 (w), 1761 (w), 1735 (m), 1715 (s), 1498 (w), 1456 (m), 1432 (m), 1395 (m), 1324 (m), 1296 (w), 1233 (m), 1 191 (w), 1 120 (m), 1 104 (m), 1083 (m), 1071 (m), 1029 (w), 1004 (w), 946 (w) cm" 1 ; HRMS (FAB), [m+Na]/z calc'd for C42H38θsN4Na: 749.2587, found 749.2577.
Example 40
Compound 38 - Rf 0.61 (2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane); l H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) α 7.74-7.72 (m, 2H), 7.67-7.65 (m, 2H), 7.37-7.24 (m, 5H), 6.38 (s. IH),. 5.63 (s, IH), 5.50 (s, IH), 5.25 (br s, IH), 4.25-4.21 (m, 2H), 4.01 (d, J=2. 1 Hz, 1H), 3.64 (s, 3H), 3.62-3.60 (m, 2H), 3.34 (d, J=8.1 Hz, IH), 3.20 (d, J= 12.0 Hz, IH), 3.13-3.08 (m, 2H), 3.02 (dd, J= 18.1 , 8.0 Hz, IH), 2.92-2.88 (m, 2H), 2.76 (d, J= 14.8 Hz, IH), 2.63 (d, J= 18.0 Hz, IH), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.22 (s, 3H), 1.87 (s, 3H), 1.76 (dd, J= 15.2, 12.0 Hz, IH); FTIR (neat) 3427 (m br), 2934 (m br), 2858 (w), 1758 (m), 1716 (s), 1455 (m), 1432 (m), 1395 (m), 1350 (w), 1316 (w), 1256
(m), 1 132 (m), 1 104 (m) cm' 1 ; HRMS (FAB), [m+Na]/z calc'd for C43H4θθ8N4Na: 763.2744, found 763.2755.
Example 41
Compound 39 - Rf 0.17 (4: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane); lH NMR (500 MHz, CDCI3) α 7.73-7.71 (m, 2H), 7.67-7.64 (m, 2H), 6.36 (s, IH), 6.00 (s, IH), 5.65 (d, J= 1.4 Hz, IH), 5.27 (d, J= 1.4 Hz, IH), 4.70 (br s, IH), 4.27 (d, J=2.3 Hz, IH), 4.22 (t, J=6.2 Hz, IH), 4.1 1 (s, IH), 4.01 (s, IH), 3.68-3.62 (m, 5H), 3.35 (d, J=7.3 Hz, IH), 3.17 (d, J= 1 1.8 Hz, IH), 3.03 (dd, J= 18.0, 8.2 Hz, IH), 2.85 (d, J= 14.3 Hz, IH), 2.63 (d, J= 17.9 Hz, IH), 2.32 (s, 3H), 2.20 (s, 3H), 2.14 (s, 3H), 1.99 (s, 3H), 1.70 (dd, J=15.4, 12.2 Hz, IH); FTIR (neat) 3382 (m br), 2934 (m br), 1774 (m), 1716 (s), 1673 (m), 1538 (w), 1500 (w), 1459 (m), 1432 (m), 1419 (m), 1396 (m), 1377 (m), 1293 (w), 1234 (m), 1 153 (m), 1 133 (m), 1103 (m), 1072 (m), 1031 (w), 944 (w) cm" 1 ; HRMS (FAB), [m+Na]/z calc'd for C38H37θ9NsNa: 730.2489, found 730.2492.
Example 42
Figure imgf000070_0001
Table 3. General Procedure for the Alkylation of Phenol (5).
Entry Cmpd Alkylating Stoichiometry Alkylation MOM Removal
# Reagent (equiv.) Yield (%) Yield (%)
1 40 5-7 92 90
CHjCT OCHj
2 41 CH,^! 5-7 48 10°
3 42 H3 5.9 75 100
CH^I
Phenol (5) (1.0 mg, 0.0015 mmol) was azeotropically dried with toluene (2 x 1 mL) in vacuo and dissolved in DMF (0.1 mL). Cesium carbonate (3.0 mg, 0.0092 mmol) was gently flame dried in vacuo, cooled and added as a solid to the reaction mixture. The alkylation agent was added via syringe and the solution was stirred at 23°C for 4 hr and then quenched into a saturated solution of aqueous sodium bicarbonate (2 mL). The mixture was extracted with 1 : 1 ethyl acetate-hexane (2 x 5 mL) and the organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, decanted and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by preparative thin layer chromatography (2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane, one elution). This material was dissolved in a mixture of trifluoroacetic acid-THF- water (4: 1: 1 (v/v), 1.0 mL) and the solution was stirred at 23°C for 1 1 hr. The reaction mixture was diluted with toluene ( 1 mL) and the solution was concentrated z vacuo. Additional volatiles were removed by repetitive in vacuo azeotropic concentration from toluene (3 x 1 mL). The residue was purified by flash column chromatography ( 1 mL silica gel, gradient methylene chloride to 2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane) to afford the desire product. Example 43
Compound 40 - Rf 0.43 (2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane); H NMR (500 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.73-7.72 (m, 2H), 7.67-7.66 (m, 2H), 6.40 (s, IH), 5.67 (s, IH), 5.56 (d, J= 1.5 Hz, IH), 5.10 (d, J= 1.5 Hz, IH), 4.22-4.19 (m, 2H), 4.10 (d, J=2.0 Hz, IH), 3.70 (s, 3H), 3.61 (s, 3H), 3.59-3.51 (m, 2H), 3.35 (d, J=8.3 Hz, IH), 3.24- 3.19 (m, 2H), 3.05 (dd, J=18.1, 8.2 Hz, IH), 2.63 (d, J= 17.9 Hz, IH), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 2.09 (s, 3H), 1.85 (dd, J= 15.7, 12.2 Hz, IH); FTIR (neat) 3428 (w br ), 2935 (m br), 1774 (m), 1716 (s), 1619 (w), 1588 (w), 1499 (w), 1432 (m), 1423 (m), 1396 (m), 1324 (m), 1301 (m), 1266 (m), 1233 (m), 1 191 (m), 1 145 (w),
1 101 (m), 1066 (m), 1028 (m), 998 (m), 948 (m) cm" 1 ; HRMS (FAB), [m+Na]/z calc'd for C35H34θ7N4Na: 645.2325, found 645.2325.
Example 44
Compound 41 - Rf 0.45 (2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane); *H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.72-7.65 (m, 4H), 6.41 (s, IH), 5.65 (s, IH), 5.57 (d, J-1.4 Hz, IH), 5.1 1 (d, J=1.4 Hz, IH), 4.22-4.19 (m, 2H), 4.08 (s, IH), 3.73 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 3.68 (s, 3H), 3.62-3.53 (m, 2H), 3.35 (d, J=8.2 Hz, IH), 3.25-3.17 (m, 2H), 3.05 (dd, J= 18.2, 8.2 Hz, IH), 2.65 (d, J= 18.0 Hz, IH), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.24 (s, 3H), 2.09 (s, 3H), 1.80 (dd, J= 15.3, 11.6 Hz, IH), 1.35 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H); FTIR (neat) 3412 (m br), 2930 (m br), 1773 (m), 1716 (s), 1619 (w), 1588 (w), 1500 (w), 1455 (m), 1395 (m), 1386 (m), 1370 (m), 1265 (m), 1233 (m), 1 145 (m), 1 101 (m), 1066 (m), 1028 (m), 1006 (m), 950 (m) cm" 1 ; HRMS (FAB), [m+Na]/z calc'd for C36H36θ7N4Na: 659.2482, found 659.2477.
Example 45
Compound 42 - R 0.53 (2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane); lH NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.69-7.63 (m, 4H), 6.43 (s, IH), 5.62-5.61 (m, 2H), 5.18 (d, J= 1.5 Hz, IH), 4.23-4.20 (m, 2H), 4.07 (d, J=2.5 Hz, IH), 3.93 (m, IH), 3.62 (m, 5H), 3.35 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 3.25 (dd, J-15.4, 2.0 Hz, IH), 3.14 (d, J=12.1 Hz, IH), 3.03 (dd, J- 17.9, 8.1 Hz, IH), 2.69 (d, J= 17.9 Hz, IH), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.24 (s, 3H), 2.08 (s, 3H), 1.72 (dd, J- 15.3, 1 1.9 Hz, IH), 1.24 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 3H), 1.22 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 3H); FTIR (neat) 3435 (m br), 2973 (m br), 2933 (m br), 1773 (m), 1716 (s), 1619 (w), 1588 (w), 1500 (w), 1461 (m), 1432 (m), 1395 (m), 1384 (m), 1233 (m), 1144 (m), 1 100 (m), 1075 (m), 1064 (m), 1029 (m), 1006 (w), 998 (w), 947 (w) cm" 1 ; HRMS (FAB), [m+Na]/z calc'd for C3γH38θ7N4Na: 673.2638, found 673.2663.
Example 46
Figure imgf000073_0001
Phenol (5) (1.0 mg, 0.0015 mmol) was dissolved in methylene chloride (0.5 mL) to this solution were added 4-dimethylaminopyridine (0.8 mg, 0.0066 mmol) and n-butyric anhydride (1.0 μL, 0.0061 mmol). The reaction was stirred at 23°C for 15 min and then quenched into a saturated solution of aqueous sodium bicarbonate (2 mL). The mixture was extracted with methylene chloride (2 x 5 mL) and the organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, decanted and concentrated zn vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (1 mL silica gel, gradient methylene chloride to 1 : 1 to 2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane) to afford a residue (0.9 mg, 83%). This material was dissolved in a mixture of trifluoroacetic acid-THF-water (4: 1 : 1 (v/v), 1.0 mL) and the solution was stirred at 23° C for 1 1 hr. The reaction mixture was diluted with toluene (1 mL) and the solution was concentrated zn vacuo. Additional volatiles were removed by repetitive in vacuo azeotropic concentration from toluene (3 x 1 mL). The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (1 mL silica gel, gradient methylene chloride to 2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane) to afford
Compound 43 (0.7 mg, 93%). R 0.56 (2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane); 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.74-7.71 (m, 2H), 7.68-7.65 (m, 2H), 6.38 (s, IH), 5.64 (s, IH), 5.55 (s, IH), 5.25 (s, IH), 4.27-4.21 (m, 2H), 4.02 (d, J=2.3 Hz, IH), 3.66 (s, 3H), 3.62-3.60 (m, 2H), 3.34 (d, J=7.7 Hz, IH), 3.20 (d, J= 11.9 Hz, IH), 3.02 (dd, J= 18.0, 8.0 Hz, IH), 2.78 (d, J= 15.3 Hz, IH), 2.63 (d, J= 18.0 Hz, IH), 2.55 (dt, J=2.5, 7.3 Hz, 2H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.23 (s, 3H), 1.97 (s, 3H), 1.82 (q, J=7.4 Hz, 2H), 1.78-1.72 (m, IH), 1.08 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H); FTIR (neat) 3433 (m br), 2934 (m br), 2876 (w), 1758 (m), 1716 (s), 1499 (w), 1459 (m), 1432 (m), 1395 (m), 1328 (w), 1296 (w), 1234 (m), 1 190 (w), 1 172 (m), 1 146 (m), 1 102 (m), 1072 (m), 1029
(w), 1005 (w), 998 (w), 947 (w) cm" 1; HRMS (FAB), [m+Na]/z calc'd for C38H38θ8N4Na: 701.2587, found 701.2581.
Example 47
Figure imgf000074_0001
Phenol (5) (1.0 mg, 0.0015 mmol) was dissolved in methylene chloride (0.5 mL) to this solution were added 4-dimethylaminopyridine (0.8 mg, 0.0066 mmol) and methanesulfonyl chloride (0.5 μL, 0.0065 mmol). The reaction was stirred at 23°C for 15 min and then quenched into a saturated solution of aqueous sodium bicarbonate (2 mL). The mixture was extracted with methylene chloride (2 x 5 mL) and the organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, decanted and concentrated z vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (1 mL silica gel, gradient methylene chloride to 1 : 1 to 2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane) to afford a residue (0.9 mg, 82%). This material was dissolved in a mixture of trifluoroacetic acid-THF-water (4: 1: 1 (v/v), 1.0 mL) and the solution was stirred at 23" C for 11 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with toluene ( 1 mL) and the solution was concentrated z vacuo. Additional volatiles were removed by repetitive z vacuo azeotropic concentration from toluene (3 x 1 mL). The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (1 mL silica gel, gradient methylene chloride to 2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane) to afford
Compound 44 (0.8 mg, 100%). R/0.45 (2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane); lH NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.68-7.62 (m, 4H), 6.43 (s, IH), 5.76 (d, J= 1.5 Hz, IH), 5.60 (s, IH), 5.47 (d, J= 1.5 Hz, IH), 4.25-4.22 (m, 2H), 4.06 (d, J=2.2 Hz, IH), 3.73 (dd, J= 14.0, 6.9 Hz, IH), 3.67 (dd, J=14.0, 3.3 Hz, IH), 3.55 (s, 3H), 3.37 (d, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 3.20-3.13 (m, 5H), 3.03 (dd, J= 18.1, 8.1 Hz, IH), 2.73 (d, J= 18.0 Hz, IH), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.22 (s, 3H), 2.21 (s, 3H), 1.85 (dd, J=16.0, 12.0 Hz, IH); FTIR (neat) 3464 (m br), 2936 (m br), 2855 (w), 1774 (w), 1716 (s), 1499 (w), 1461 (m), 1433 (m), 1394 (m), 1366 (m), 1295 (w), 1234 (w), 1178 (m), 1145 (w), 1 101 (m), 1081 (w), 1070 (m), 1058 (m), 1030 (w), 996 (w), 971 (w), 948 (w), 890 (m), 808 (w) cm"1 ; HRMS (FAB), [m+Na]/z calc'd for C35H34θgN4SNa: 709.1944, found 709.1956.
Example 48
Figure imgf000076_0001
Methoxymethyl ether (4) (0.5 mg, 0.00072 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of trifluoroacetic acid-THF-water (4: 1: 1 (v/v), 1.0 mL) and the solution was stirred at 23°C for 11 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with toluene (1 mL) and the solution was concentrated zn vacuo. Additional volatiles were removed by repetitive zn vacuo azeotropic concentration from toluene (3 x 1 mL). The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (0.5 mL silica gel, gradient methylene chloride to 2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane) to afford
Compound 45 (0.4 mg, 85%). R/0.53 (2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane); *H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.73-7.65 (m, 4H), 6.41 (s, IH), 6.18-6.02 (m, IH), 5.61 (s, IH), 5.58 (d, J=1.5 Hz, IH), 5.38 (dd, J=17.2, 1.5 Hz, IH), 5.24 (d, J=10.3 Hz, IH), 5.13 (d, J=1.4 Hz, IH), 4.23-4.13 (m, 3H), 4.08 (s, IH), 3.97 (dd, J=7.5, 5.9 Hz, IH), 3.68 (s, 3H), 3.59-3.52 (m, 2H), 3.35 (d, J=8.2 Hz, IH), 3.24 (dd, J= 17.3, 2.1 Hz, IH), 3.18 (d, J= 11.4 Hz, IH), 3.04 (dd, J= 17.3, 8.0 Hz, IH), 2.64 (d, J= 18.2 Hz, IH), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.24 (s, 3H), 2.09 (s, 3H), 1.80 (dd, J= 15.2, 1 1.7 Hz, IH); FTIR (neat) 3413 (w br), 2931 (m br), 2856 (w), 1775 (w), 1713 (s), 1463 (m), 1431 (m), 1394 (m), 1300 (w), 1269 (w), 1231 (w), 1144 (w), 1100 (m), 1063
(w), 1031 (w), 994 (w), 950 (w) cm" 1; HRMS (FAB), [m+Na]/z calc'd for C37H36θγN4Na: 671.2482, found 671.2498. Example 49
Figure imgf000077_0001
46 (50%)
The methoxymethyl ether (5) (5.0 mg, 0.0077 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of trifluoroacetic acid-THF-water (4: 1 : 1 (v/v), 1.2 mL) and the solution was stirred at 23° C for 1 1 h under an atmosphere of oxygen. The reaction mixture was diluted with toluene (5 mL) and the solution was concentrated in vacuo. Additional volatiles were removed by repetitive z'n vacuo azeotropic concentration from toluene (3 x 5 mL). The residue was purified by preparative TLC (2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane) to afford Compound 46 (2.3 mg, 50%). R 0.38
(5% methanol-methylene chloride, lH NMR (400 MHz, βOe) δ 7.07-7.05 (m, 2H), 6.66-6.64 (m, 2H), 6.31 (s, IH), 5.10 (s, IH), 4.07 (br s, IH), 4.06 (d, J=2.0 Hz, IH), 3.81 (d, J=2.3 Hz, IH), 3.74 (dd, J= 14.5, 1.8 Hz, IH), 3.67 (dd, J= 14.6, 4.5 Hz, IH), 3.53 (br s, IH), 3.19-3.14 (m, 2H), 2.86 (d, J=7.9 Hz, IH), 2.79 (d, J=18.3 Hz, IH), 2.72 (s, 3H), 2.60 (dd, J= 18.1 , 7.7 Hz, IH), 2.29-2.17 (m, IH), 2.10 (s, 3H), 1.94 (s, 3H), 1.88 (s, 3H); FTIR (neat) 3399 (m br), 2928 (m br), 2855 (m), 1773 (w), 1713 (s), 1657 (m), 1644 (m), 1631 (m), 1436 (m), 1416 (m), 1396 (m), 1382 (m), 1378 (m), 1360 (m), 1334 (m), 1303 (m), 1245 (m), 1234 (w), 1 172 (w) cm" 1 ; HRMS (FAB), [m*Na]/z calc'd for C33H3θOτN4Na: 617.2012. found 617.2036. Example 50
Figure imgf000078_0001
The hydroxyquinone (46) (2.3 mg, 0.0038 mmol) was dissolved in methylene chloride (3 mL). A dilute diazomethane solution in diethyl ether was added in small portions while monitoring the reaction by TLC analysis. Upon complete conversion to the product, acetic acid (50 μL) was added to quench the reaction. Purification via preparative TLC ( 1 : 1 ethyl acetate-hexane) afforded pure (47) ( 1.0 mg, 42%). R/0.33 (1: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane); H NMR (500 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.59 (m, 4H), 6.43 (s, IH), 5.48 (s, IH), 4.39 (d, J=2.3 Hz, IH), 4.1 1 (br s, IH), 4.07 (s, 3H), 4.07-4.03 (m, IH), 4.01 (d, J=2.0 Hz, IH), 3.81 (dd, J= 14.5, 1.3 Hz, IH), 3.43-3.39 (m, IH), 3.40 (s, 3H), 3.03 (dt, J= l l. l , 2.7 Hz, IH), 2.98- 2.93 (m, 3H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.12 (s, 3H), 1.96 (s, 3H); FTIR (neat) 3459 (m br), 2934 (m br), 2855 (m), 1773 (m), 1713 (s), 1659 (s), 1641 (m), 1622 (m), 1499 (m), 1437 (s), 1396 (m), 1362 (m), 1302 (m), 1282 (m), 1267 (m), 1239 (s), 1 163 (m), 1149 (m), 1 138 (m), 1 104 (m), 1087 (m), 1061 (m), 997 (m), 969 (m), 921 (m) cm' 1 ; HRMS (FAB), [m+Na]/z calc'd for C34H32θ7N4Na: 631.2169, found 631.2183. Example 51
Figure imgf000079_0001
The methoxymethyl ether (5) (0.6 mg, 0.00092 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of trifluoroacetic acid-THF-water (4: 1: 1 (v/v), 1.0 mL) and the solution was stirred at 23°C for 7 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with toluene (1 mL) and the solution was concentrated zn vacuo. Additional volatiles were removed by repetitive zn vacuo azeotropic concentration from toluene (3 x 1 mL). The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (0.4 mL silica gel, gradient methylene chloride to 2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane) to afford
Compound 48 (0.4 mg, 71%). R/0.37 (2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane); *H NMR (500 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.45-7.73 (m, 2H), 7.69-7.66 (m, 2H), 6.39 (s, IH), 5.71 (s, IH), 5.51 (s, IH), 5.02 (s, IH), 4.28-4.17 (m, 3H), 4.15-4.07 (m, IH), 3.74 (s, 3H), 3.59-3.49 (m, 2H), 3.35 (d, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 3.23 (d, J=1 1.9 Hz, IH), 3.1 1-3.02 (m, 2H), 2.62 (d, J=18.0 Hz, IH), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.24 (s, 3H), 2.07 (s, 3H), 1.86 (dd, J= 14.9, 1 1.8 Hz, IH); FTIR (neat) 3464 (m br), 2934 (m br), 1772 (m), 1713 (s), 1460 (m br), 1433 (m br), 1416 (m br), 1367 (w), 1324 (w), 1234 (m), 1 102
(m), 1075 (w), 1061 (w), 1028 (w), 1006 (w) cm" 1; HRMS (FAB), [m+H]/z calc'd for C34H33O7N4: 609.2349, found 609.2341. Example 52
Figure imgf000080_0001
Phthalimide (5) (5.4 mg, 0.0083 mmol) was dissolved in ethanol (0.3 mL) and hydrazine (26 μL, 0.829 mmol) was added. The vessel was sealed and heated to 80°C for 2 h. The reaction was concentrated zn vacuo. Additional volatiles were removed by repetitive zn vacuo azeotropic concentration from toluene (2 x 1 mL). The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (0.5 mL silica gel, gradient methylene chloride to 5% methanol-ethyl acetate) to afford Compound 49 (4.3 mg, 100%). R/0.18 (5% methanol-ethyl acetate); lH NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 6.66 (s, IH), 5.88 (s, IH), 5.80 (s, IH), 5.34 (d, J=6.1 Hz, IH), 5.19 (d, J=6.0 Hz, IH), 4.23 (d, J=2.3 Hz, IH), 4.01 (d, J=2.6 Hz, IH), 3.94 (s, IH), 3.70 (s, 3H), 3.69 (s, 3H), 3.37 (d, J=7.7 Hz, IH), 3.33 (d, J=9.0 Hz, IH), 3.10-3.04 (m, 2H), 2.83 (d, J=13.8 Hz, IH), 2.74 (dd, J= 13.7, 2.5 Hz, IH), 2.49 (d, J=18.0 Hz, IH), 2.34 (s, 3H), 2.20 (s, 3H), 2.08 (s, 3H), 1.79 (dd, J=15.0, 11.9 Hz, IH); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCI3) δ 149.1, 147.6, 145.5, 144.6, 135.9, 131.0, 130.2, 124.8, 122.9, 1 17.8, 1 13.1 , 1 12.6, 106.1 , 100.7, 99.8, 59.8, 59.5, 58.8, 57.7, 56.7, 55.6, 55.3, 43.6, 41.7, 26.2, 25.7, 15.7, 8.8; FTIR (neat) 3346 (w br), 3000 (w v br), 2935 (s br), 1446 (s br), 1419 (m), 1401 (m), 1327 (m), 1 152 (m), 1101 (s), 1075 (m), 1060 (m), 998 (m), 975 (m) cm" 1 ; HRMS (FAB), [m+H]/z calc'd for C28H35O6N4: 523.2557, found 523.2552; [α]o23 = - 16.5° (c 0.20, methylene chloride). Example 53
Figure imgf000081_0001
Amine (49) (0.9 mg, 0.0017 mmol) and acid EJM-III- 124C (0.5 mg, 0.0026 mmol) were azeotropically tried with toluene (2 x 1 mL) and then dissolved in methylene chloride (0.1 mL). 1 ,3-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (0.7 mg, 0.0034 mmol) was added to the solution which was stirred at 23°C for 30 min. White precipitate was observed and the reaction was quenched into saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (7 mL) . The aqueous layer was extracted with methylene chloride (2 x 7 mL) and the organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, decanted and concentrated zn vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (1.0 mL silica gel, gradient 2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane to ethyl acetate) to afford Compound 50 (0.5 mg, 50%). R/0.16
(2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane); lK NMR (500 MHz, CDCI3) δ 6.91 (s, IH), 6.83 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 6.77 (s, IH), 6.67 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 5.83 (s, IH), 5.74 (s, IH), 5.58 (s, IH), 5.33 (d, J=6.3 Hz, IH), 5.17 (d, J=6.0 Hz, IH), 4.90 (m, IH), 4.23 (s, IH), 4.14 (s, IH), 3.98 (s, IH), 3.70 (s, 3H), 3.69 (s, 3H), 3.57-3.46 (m, 2H), 3.38 (d, J=7.5 Hz, IH), 3.25 (d, J-11.5 Hz, IH), 3.15 (d, J= 15.8 Hz, IH), 3.02- 2.98 (m, IH), 2.85 (d, J= 15.8 Hz, IH), 2.69 (d, J= 18.0 Hz, IH), 2.32 (s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.24 (s, 3H), 2.06 (s, 3H), 1.65 (m, IH); FTIR (neat) 3400 (w br), 2924 (s br), 2853 (s), 1763 (m), 1753 (m), 1745 (m), 1737 (m), 1461 (m), 1452 (w), 1440 (w), 1350 (w), 1234 (w), 1216 (m), 1197 (m), 1160 (w) cm" 1; HRMS (FAB), [m+H]/z calc'd for C38H43O9N4: 699.3030, found 699.3005. Example 54
Figure imgf000082_0001
50 51 (42%)
The methoxymethyl ether (50) (1.3 mg, 0.0019 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of trifluoroacetic acid-THF-water (4: 1: 1 (v/v), 1.0 mL) and the solution was stirred at 23 C for 10 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with toluene (1 mL) and the solution was concentrated zn vacuo. Additional volatiles were removed by repetitive zn vacuo azeotropic concentration from toluene (3 x 1 mL). The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (0.3 mL silica gel, gradient 2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane to ethyl acetate) to afford Compound 51
(0.5 mg, 42%). R/0.19 (2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane); XH NMR (500 MHz, CDCI3) δ 6.74 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.56 (s, IH), 6.48 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 5.89 (s, IH), 5.79 (s, IH), 5.75 (s, IH), 4.92 (s, IH), 4.81 (s, IH), 4.12 (s, IH), 4.01 (d, J= 13.3 Hz, 2H), 3.81 (m, 4H), 3.36 (d, J=7.1 Hz, IH), 3.27 (d, J= 13.0 Hz, IH), 3.21 (d, J= 15.5 Hz, IH), 3.16 (d, J= 12.0 Hz, IH), 3.02 (dd, J= 17.9, 8.3 Hz, IH), 2.89 (d, J= 15.6 Hz, IH), 2.72 (d, J= 15.4 Hz, IH), 2.49 (d, J= 18.4 Hz, IH), 2.39 (s, 3H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.06 (s, 3H), 1.11 (dd, J= 15.3, 1 1.3 Hz, IH); FTIR (neat) 3388 (s br), 2931 (s br), 1754 (m), 1657 (m), 1506 (m), 1460 (m br), 1434
(m br), 1369 (m), 1233 (s), 1194 (s), 1099 (m) cm" 1; HRMS (FAB), [m+Na]/z calc'd for C36H38θδN4Na: 677.2587, found 677.2573. Example 55
Figure imgf000083_0001
52 53 (72%)
p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid (52) ( 100 mg, 0.657 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (3.0 mL). tert-Butyldimethylsily chloride (222 mg, 1.47 mmol) and N,N- diisopropylethylamine (0.285 mL, 1.64 mmol were added to the solution which was stirred at 23°C for 3 h. Water ( 1 mL) was added and after 15 min the reaction mixture was poured into 5% aqueous acetic acid (25 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 25 mL). The organic layers were then washed with water (2 x 20 mL) and saturated aqueous sodium chloride (20 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, decanted and concentrated zn vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (120 mL silica gel, gradient 1 :4 to 1 : 1 ethyl acetate- hexane, 0.1% acetic acid) to afford Compound 53 (125 mg, 72%). R/0.52 (2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane); *H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.14 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 6.80
(d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 3.57 (s, 2H), 0.98 (s, 9H), 0.19 (s, 6H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCI3) δ 178.3, 154.9, 130.3, 125.8, 120.1, 40.3, 25.6, 18.2, -4.4; FTIR (neat) 3122 (w br), 2957 (m), 2931 (m), 2897 (m), 2888 (m), 2859 (m), 1712 (s), 161 1 (w), 1512 (s), 1472 (w), 1464 (w), 1409 (w), 1263 (s), 1 171 (w), 917 (s), 840 (m), 826 (m), 803 (m) cm" 1 ; HRMS (El), [m+] calc'd for C i4H22θ3Si: 266.1338, found 266.1331. Example 56
Figure imgf000084_0001
Amine (49) (2.0 mg, 0.0038 mmol) and acid (53) (1.3 mg, 0.0049 mmol) were azeotropically dried with toluene (2 x 1 mL) and then dissolved in methylene chloride (0.2 mL). 1,3-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (1.0 mg, 0.0049 mmol) was added to the solution which was stirred at 23° C for 30 min. White precipitate was observed and the reaction was quenched into saturated solution of aqueous sodium bicarbonate (5 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with methylene chloride (2 x 5 mL) and the organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, decanted and concentrated zn vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (1.7 mL silica gel, gradient 1:4 ethyl acetate-hexane to ethyl acetate) to afford Compound 54 (1.4 mg, 47%). R/0.39 (2: 1 ethyl acetate- hexane); lH NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 6.76 (s, IH), 6.55 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.47 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 5.82, (s, IH), 5.74 (s, IH), 5.53 (s, IH), 5.35 (d, J-6.1 Hz, IH), 5.18 (d, J=6.1 Hz, IH), 4.89 (br s, IH), 4.20 (s, IH), 4.15 (d, J=2.3 Hz, IH), 3.97 (s, IH), 3.70 (s, 6H), 3.67-3.58 (m, IH), 3.44-3.36 (m, 2H), 3.23 (d, J= 1 1.4 Hz, IH), 3.1 1 (d, J= 16.1 Hz, IH), 3.02-2.96 (m, 2H), 2.83 (d, J= 16.1 Hz, IH), 2.70 (d, J= 18.2 Hz, IH), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.23 (s, 3H), 2.07 (s, 3H), 1.67- 1.57 (m, IH), 0.96 (s, 9H), 0.14 (s, 3H), 0.13 (s, 3H); FTIR (neat) 3396 (w br), 2930 (m br), 2857 (m), 1656 (m br), 1651 (w), 1509 (s), 1462 (m br), 1257 (s), 1 157 (m), 1097
(s), 1060 (m), 915 (m) cm" 1; HRMS (FAB), [m+Na]/z calc'd for C42H54θ8N4SiNa: 793.3609, found 793.3624. Example 57
AcOAc (3.6 equiv), DMAP (2.2 equiv), CHJCIJ, 23 °C, 1 h
Figure imgf000085_0001
Figure imgf000085_0002
54 55 (100%)
Phenol (54) (1.1 mg, 0.0015 mmol) was dissolved in methylene chloride (0.2 mL). 4-Dimethylaminopyridine (0.4 mg, 0.0032 mmol) and acetic anhydride (0.5 μL, 0.0053 mmol) were added to the solution which was stirred at 23 °C for 1 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated zn vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (0.3 mL silica gel, gradient 1 : 1 ethyl acetate-hexane to ethyl acetate) to afford Compound 55 (1.2 mg, 100%).
R/0.48 (2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane); XH NMR (500 MHz, CDCI3) δ 6.78 (s, IH), 6.75-6.65 (m, 4H), 5.89 (d, J= 1.3 Hz, IH), 5.84 (d, J= 1.3 Hz, IH), 5.16 (d, J=5.7 Hz, IH), 5.06 (d, J=5.7 Hz, IH), 5.03 (br s, IH), 4.18 (s, 2H), 3.96 (s, IH), 3.71 (s, 3H), 3.62 (m, IH), 3.58 (s, 3H), 3.39-3.32 (m, 2H), 3.25 (d, J= 13.0 Hz, IH), 3.01 (dd, J= 18.2, 8.2 Hz, IH), 2.95 (d, J= 15.4 Hz, IH), 2.83 (d, J= 15.7 Hz, IH), 2.78 (m, IH), 2.74 (d, J= 18.2 Hz, IH), 2.35 (s, 3H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 1.99 (s, 3H), 1.78 (dd, J= 15.3, 1 1.6 Hz, IH), 0.94 (s, 9H), 0.12 (s, 3H), 0.1 1 (s, 3H); FTIR (neat) 3404 (w br), 2932 (s br), 2858 (m), 1761 (m), 1673 (m), 1509 (s), 1442 (m br), 1368 (m), 1259 (s), 1201 (s), 1 159 (m), 1089 (m), 916 (m) cm" 1 ; HRMS (FAB), [m+Na]/z calc'd for C44H56θ9N4SiNa: 835.3714, found
835.3699. Example 58
Figure imgf000086_0001
55 56 (44%)
The methoxymethyl ether (55) (1.2 mg, 0.0015 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of trifluoroacetic acid-THF-water (4: 1 : 1 (v/v), 1.0 mL) and the solution was stirred at 23°C for 10 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with toluene ( 1 mL) and the solution was concentrated z vacuo. Additional volatiles were removed by repetitive zn vacuo azeotropic concentration from toluene (3 x 1 mL). The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (0.3 mL silica gel, ethyl acetate) to afford Compound 56 (0.4 mg, 44%). R/0.13 (2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane); lH NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 6.56-6.48 (m, 5H), 5.92 (d, J=1.3 Hz, IH), 5.85 (d, J-1.3 Hz, IH), 5.74 (s, IH), 5.36 (s, IH), 4.88 (br s, IH), 4.14- 4.08 (m, 2H), 3.98 (s, IH), 3.78 (s, 3H), 3.68-3.43 (m, 2H), 3.36 (d, J=7.4 Hz, IH), 3.22 (d, J-11.9 Hz, IH), 3.07-2.93 (m, 3H), 2.82-2.73 (m, IH), 2.66 (d, J= 16.3 Hz, IH), 2.38 (s, 3H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 1.98 (s, 3H), 1.74- 1.65 (m, IH); FTIR (neat) 3403 (s br), 2929 (s br), 2856 (m), 1756 (m), 1656 (m), 1513 (s), 1450 (m), 1369 (m), 1233 (s), 1201 (s), 1086 (m) cm" 1 ; HRMS (FAB), [m+Na]/z calc'd for C36H38θsN4Na: 677.2587, found 677.2587. Example 59
Figure imgf000087_0001
Compound 7 1.0 mg, 0.00154 mmol) was dissolved in THF ( 1.0 mL). Salcomine (0.1 mg, 0.00031 mmol) was added as a solid to make an orange solution. The vial was secured inside a bomb reactor and the vessel was purged with oxygen ten times and filled to 50 psi. (-3 bar). The solution was stirred at 23 *C for 3 h. The reaction concentrated zn vacuo, passed through a small pad of silica get eluting with ethyl acetate and purified by preparative thin layer chromatography ( 1: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane, 2x) to afford Compound 57 (0.9 mg,
90%). R/0.51 (2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane); *H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.70 (m, 4H), 5.85 (s, IH), 5.72 (br s, IH), 4.32 (t, J-5.1 Hz, IH), 4.02 (d, J=2.2 Hz, IH), 3.90 (s, IH), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.73 (d, J*5.1 Hz, 2H), 3.34 (d, J=7.3 Hz, IH), 3.15 (d, J- 12.1 Hz, IH), 2.73 (dd, J=20.8, 7.3 Hz, IH), 2.46 (dd, J= 15.2, 2.0 Hz, IH), 2.32 (s, IH), 2.27 (s, 3H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 2.03 (s, 3H), 2.01 (s, 3H), 1.50- 1.43 (m, IH); FTIR (neat) 2938 (w), 2898 (w), 2851 (w), 1764 (m), 1716 (s), 1649 (m), 1616 (m), 1432 (m), 1393 (m), 1371 (m), 1308 (m), 1232 (m), 1 197 (m), 1 146
(m), 1 101 (m), 1084 (w), 1029 (w), 946 (w), 906 (w) cm" 1 ; HRMS (FAB), [m+Na]/z calc'd for C36H32θgN4Na: 687.2067, found 687.2061. Table 4. General Procedure for the Coupling of Alcohol (9) with Dicarboximides .
Entry Dicarboximide Mitsunobu MOM Removal
Coupling Yield
Yield
Figure imgf000088_0001
Example 60
Compound 59. The amount of Compound 9 was increased to 2.3 mg for this reaction. Preparative thin layer chromatography of the first step was done using 2: 1 diethyl ether-hexane. R/0.54 (2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane); 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 6.44 (s, IH), 5.86 (s, IH), 5.83 (br s, IH), 5.63 (s, IH), 4.20 (d, J=2.3 Hz, IH), 4.1 1 (dd, J=6.3, 3.2 Hz, IH), 4.03 (d, J=2.3 Hz, IH), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.53 (br m, 2H), 3.35 (d, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 3.16 (d, J=11.8 Hz, IH), 2.99 (dd, J= 18.2, 8.0 Hz, IH), 2.76-2.72 (m, 2H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 2.21-2.08 (m, 4H), 2.00 (s, 3H), 1.64 (br m, 5H); FTIR (neat) 3445 (m br), 2935 (m br), 2864 (w), 1761 (m), 1708 (s), 1499 (w), 1433 (m), 1410 (m), 1373 (m), 1323 (w), 1299 (w), 1270 (w), 1231 (m), 1200 (m), 1145 (w), 1 101 (m), 1075 (m), 1030 (w), 1005 (w), 935 (w) cm" 1 ; HRMS (FAB), [m+Na]/z calc'd for C36H38θ8N4Na: 677.2587, found 677.2597. Exa ple 61
Compound 62. The amount of Compound 9 was increased to 2.3 mg for this reaction. Preparative thin layer chromatography of the first step was done using 2: 1 diethyl ether-hexane and again using 1: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane. R/
0.50 (2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane); *H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.80 (s, IH), 7.72 (dd, J-7.9, 1.7 Hz, IH), 7.55 (d, J=7.8 Hz, IH), 6.40 (s, IH), 5.74 (s, IH), 5.58 (s, IH), 5.51 (br s, IH), 4.24-4.19 (m, 2H), 4.01 (d, J=2.5 Hz, IH), 3.69 (d, J=4.3 Hz, 2H), 3.62 (s, 3H), 3.36 (d, J=8.2 Hz, IH), 3.18 (d, J= 1 1.8 Hz, IH), 3.01 (dd, J- 18.0, 8.1 Hz, IH), 2.75 (d, J= 15.5 Hz, IH), 2.69 (d, J= 18.0 Hz, IH), 2.28 (s, 6H), 2.24 (s, 3H), 2.00 (s, 3H), 1.68-1.62 (m, IH); FTIR (neat) 3431 (m br), 3059 (w), 2934 (m br), 2858 (w), 1763 (s), 1719 (s), 1610 (w), 1499 (w), 1430 (s), 1386 (s), 1324 (m), 1298 (m), 1269 (m), 1231 (s), 1 199 (s), 1 145 (m), 1 102 (s), 1075 (s), 1030 (m), 1003 (m), 945 (w), 905 (w) cm'1 ; HRMS (FAB), [m+Na]/z calc'd for C36H33θ8N4BrNa: 751.1379, found 751.1367.
Example 62
Figure imgf000089_0001
Amine (31) (0.7 mg, 0.0012 mmol) was dissolved in methylene chloride (0.3 mL). To this mixture was added 4-dimethylaminopyridine (trace) , triethylamine ( 1.0 μL, 0.0072 mmol) and benzoyl chloride (0.5 μL, 0.0044 mmol). After stirring at 23 °C for 1.25 h the reaction was purified by flash column chromatography (1.0 mL silica gel, gradient methylene chloride to 1: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane) to afford Compound 64 (0.8 mg, 96%).
This residue was dissolved in methylene chloride (0.3 mL) and to this solution was added acetic acid (1.0 μL, 0.018 mmol), PdCl2(PPh3)2 (0.5 mg, 0.7 μmol) and tributyltin hydride (1.5 μL, 0.0056 mmol). Bubbling was observed and the reaction changes from a yellow to a dark orange color. After stirring at 23°C for 10 min the reaction was charged with 4-dimethylaminopyridine (3.0 mg, 0.025 mmol) and acetic anhydride (2.5 μL, 0.026 mmol). The reaction was stirred at 23°C for 5 min and purified by flash column chromatography (1.0 mL silica gel, gradient methylene chloride to 2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane) to afford Compound 65 (0.7 mg, 88%).
The methoxymethyl ether (65) was dissolved in a mixture of trifluoroacetic acid-THF-water (4: 1: 1 (v/v), 1.0 mL) and the solution was stirred at 23 °C for 1 1 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with toluene (1 mL) and the solution was concentrated zn vacuo. Additional volatiles were removed by repetitive zn vacuo azeotropic concentration from toluene (3 x 1 mL). The residue was purified by preparative thin layer chromatography (2: 1 diethyl ether-hexane, two elutions and 1: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane) to afford Compound
63 (0.4 mg, 61%). R/0.33 (2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane); lH NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.32-7.37 (m, IH), 7.25-7.23 (m, 4H), 6.18 (br s, IH), 5.99 (s, IH), 5.93 (s, IH), 5.69 (br s, IH), 5.61 (br s, IH), 4.17 (br s, 2H), 4.08 (s, IH), 3.65 (br s, 5H), 3.37 (d, J=7.2 Hz, IH), 3.30 (d, J= 12.0 Hz, IH), 2.93 (dd, J= 17.9, 7.4 Hz, IH), 2.84 (d, J= 15.8 Hz, IH), 2.65 (d, J= 17.7 Hz, IH), 2.34 (s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.93- 1.86 (m, IH), 1.86 (br s, 3H); FTIR (neat) 3411 (m br), 2929 (s br), 2858 (m), 1757 (m), 1716 (m), 1655 (m), 1580 (w), 1524 (m), 1487 (s), 1452 (m), 1371 (m), 1293 (m), 1268 (m), 1231 (m), 1201 (s), 1 151 (m), 1085 (s), 1030 (w), 1006 (w), 954 (w), 909 (w) cm" 1; HRMS (FAB), [m+Na]/z calc'd for C35H36θ7N4Na: 647.2482, found 647.2455. Example 63
Figure imgf000091_0001
Phenol (5) (0.8 mg, 0.0012 mmol) was dissolved in THF (0.2 mL) and to this solution were added 4-dimethylaminopyridine (1.0 mg, 0.0082 mmol) and methylisocyanate (0.5 μL, 0.0085 mmol). The reaction was stirred at 23 °C for 19 h and then quenched into a saturated solution of aqueous sodium bicarbonate (2 mL). The mixture was extracted with 1 : 1 ethyl acetate-hexane (2 x 5 mL) and the organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, decanted and concentrated zn vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (1 mL silica gel, gradient methylene chloride to 1: 1 to 2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane) to afford Compound 67 (0.8 mg, 92%). This material was dissolved in a mixture of trifluoroacetic acid-THF-water (4: 1: 1 (v/v), 1.0 mL) and the solution was stirred at 23 'C for 11 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with toluene (1 mL) and the solution was concentrated zn vacuo. Additional volatiles were removed by repetitive zn vacuo azeotropic concentration from toluene (3 x 1 mL). The residue was purified by flash column chromatography ( 1 mL silica gel, gradient methylene chloride to 1: 1 to 2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane) to afford Compound 66 (0.7 mg, 96%). R/0.21 (2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane); l H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.73-7.70 (m. 2H), 7.69-7.66 (m, 2H), 6.36 (s, IH), 5.63 (d, J=5.9 Hz. IH), 5.18 (s, IH), 5.03 (m, IH), 4.23-4.21 (m, 2H), 4.05 (d, J=2.2 Hz, IH), 3.67 (s, 3H), 3.63-3.55 (m, 2H), 3.34 (d, J=7.6 Hz. IH), 3.23 (d. J= 1 1.7 Hz, IH), 3.06-2.95 (m, 2H), 2.88 (d, J=4.7 Hz. 3H), 2.85 (d. J=4.6 Hz, IH), 2.60 (d, J- 18.0 Hz, IH), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.20 (s, 3H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.78 (dd, J=15.8, 12.0 Hz, IH); FTIR (neat) 3390 (m br), 2936 ( m br), 2828 (w), 1771 (w), 1712 (s), 1647 (m), 1622 (w), 1519 (m), 1458 (m), 1430 (m), 1399 (m), 1322 (w), 1308 (w), 1232 (s), 1192 (w), 1109 (s), 1070 (m), 1029 (w), 1005 (w), 943 (w), 884 (w) cm' 1 ; HRMS (FAB), [m+Na]/z calc'd for C36H35θ8NsNa: 688.2383, found 688.2392.
Example 64
Figure imgf000092_0001
68
Compound 6 (2.7 mg, 0.0039 mmol) was dissolved in chloroform and the reaction was cooled to -20 °C. To this solution was added solid m-chloro- peroxybenzoic acid (1.4 mg, -0.0058 mmol). The reaction was stirred at -20 °C for 20 min and the reaction was quenched with triethylamine (20 μL, 0.146 mmol). The reaction was warmed to 4 °C and trifluoroacetic anhydride (6 μL, 0.043 mmol) was added. After 10 min the reaction was poured into water (5 mL), extracted with methylene chloride (2 x 5 mL) and the organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, decanted and concentrated zn vacuo. The residue was purified by preparative thin layer chromatography (2: 1 ethyl acetate- hexane, one elution) to afford starting material and two compounds related to desired product. These two compounds were dissolved in a mixture of trifluoroacetic acid-THF-water (4: 1 : 1 (v/v), 1.0 mL) and the solution was stirred at 23 'C for 1 1 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with toluene ( 1 mL) and the solution was concentrated in vacuo. Additional volatiles were removed by repetitive zn vacuo azeotropic concentration from toluene (3 x 1 mL). The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (1 mL silica gel, gradient methylene chloride to 1 : 1 to 2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane to ethyl acetate) to afford Compound 68 (0.6 mg, 25% over two steps). R/0.21 (2: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane); lH NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.74-7.71 (m, 2H), 7.69-7.65 (m, 2H), 6.41 (s, IH), 5.66 (s, IH), 5.63 (s, IH), 5.29 (br s, IH), 4.30 (d, J=2.8 Hz, IH), 4.26 (d, J= 1.7 Hz, IH), 4.20 (t, J=5.8 Hz, IH), 3.73-3.69 (m, 2H), 3.65 (s, 3H), 3.64-3.62 (m, 2H), 3.15-3.07 (m, 2H), 2.85 (d, J= 18.0 Hz, IH), 2.81 (d, J= 16.2 Hz, IH), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.22 (s, 3H), 1.99 (s, 3H), 1.74 (t, J=13.6 Hz, IH); FTIR (neat) 3430 (m br), 3330 (w br), 2929 (m br), 2857 (w), 1764 (m), 1714 (s), 1499 (w), 1458 (m), 1431 (s), 1394 (s), 1376 (m), 1324 (w), 1300 (w), 1270 (w), 1201 (s), 1 105 (s),
1081 (m), 1024 (w), 101 1 (w), 945 (w), 908 (w) cm" 1; HRMS (FAB), [m+Na]/z calc'd for C35H32θδN4Na: 659.21 18, found 659.2126.
Biological Results:
The analogs described above were screened zn vitro for anti-tumor activity. The human cancer cell lines used in these assays include A-549 (Lung), HCT1 16 (Colon), A375 (Melanoma) and PC-3 (Prostate) and values are reported as IC50 (ng/mL). The following tables summarize the activity of all the synthetic derivatives. An IC50 reading greater than 100 ng/mL is considered inactive in the screening tests conducted on the compounds of the present invention. Lower values represent higher activity.
Cancer cell antiproliferative assays were performed by Dr. Takashi Owa, a postdoctoral fellow in the Stuart L. Schreiber research group. Table 5. Biological Data for B-Ring Substitution at Position Xi
Figure imgf000094_0001
Entry Compound # Analog (X i Group) A- HCT- A375 PC-3
459 116
Figure imgf000094_0002
2 10 1.0 0.56 0.18 0.69
Figure imgf000094_0003
Figure imgf000095_0001
Figure imgf000096_0001
Table 6. Biological Data for A-Ring Substitution at Position X?..
Figure imgf000096_0002
Entry Compound # Analog (X2 Group) A- HCT A375 PC-3
549 116
H,C^ 0.62 0.25 0.1 1 0.36
2 35 1.1 0.61 0.22 0.63
H,CO^
Figure imgf000096_0003
5 40 HjC 1.9 0.86 0.34 1.9 39 4.0 0.91 0.32 1.1
HΥ
43 4.5 2.1 0.94 2.6
HsC^^^-
8 45 ^ 5.2 2.1 0.98 3.1
9 48 H^ 30 6.0 2.5 7.7
10 37 u 49 19 11 26
Figure imgf000097_0001
12 41 HiC^" 2.5 1.1 0.62 1.5 13 42 CH, 2.9 1.9 0.73 2.0 H,C^
Table 7 - Activity Data for Additional Analogs
Figure imgf000097_0002
No. Analog ( i Group) Lung Colon Melanoma Prostate
Figure imgf000097_0003
69
-V 9.6 2.0 0.72 2.1
Figure imgf000098_0001
70 Co 66 19 8.9 25
Figure imgf000098_0002
No. Analog (X2 Group) Lung Colon Melanoma Prostate
66 8.6 1.3 0.92 2.1
H
Table 8 - Additional Biological Data:
Structure Cancer IC50
Cells (ng/mL)
Figure imgf000099_0001
Figure imgf000099_0002
68
Figure imgf000100_0001
Based upon the tests performed to date, it is believed that the compounds of the present invention will serve as useful antitumor agents in mammals, particularly in humans.
Antitumor compounds are typically administered in unit dosage form. Each unit dose, as it pertains to the present invention, refers to a physically discrete unit suitable as unitary dosages for animals, each unit containing a predetermined quantity of active material calculated to produce the desired antitumor effect in association with the required diluent; i.e., carrier, or vehicle. The specifications for the novel unit dose of this invention are dictated by and are directly dependent on (a) the unique characteristics of the active material and the particular antitumor effect to be achieved, and (b) the limitations inherent in the art of compounding such active material for such use in mammals, particularly humans, as disclosed in detail herein, these being features of the present invention.
Unit dosage forms are typically prepared from the active compound by dispersement thereof in a physiologically tolerable (or acceptable) diluent or vehicle such as water, saline or phosphate-buffered saline, to form an aqueous composition. If necessary, other pharmaceutically acceptable solvents may be used. Such diluents are well known in the art and are discussed, for example, in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 16th Ed., Mack Publishing Company, Easton, PA (1980) at pages 1465-1467.
Dosage forms can also include an adjuvant as part of the diluent. Adjuvants such as complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), incomplete Freund s adjuvant (IFA) and alum are materials well known in the art, and are available commercially from several sources.
The quantity of active compound to be administered depends, inter alia, on the animal species to be treated, the subject animal's size, the size of the tumor being treated (if known), and the capacity of the subject to utilize the active compound. Precise amounts of the active compound required to be administered depend on the judgment of the practitioner and are peculiar to each individual, particularly where humans are the treated animals. Dosage ranges, however, can be characterized by a therapeutically effective blood concentration and can range from a concentration of the active compound of the present invention from about 0.01 μM to about 100 μM, preferably about 0.1 μM to 10 μM.
Suitable regimes for initial administration and booster injections are also variable, but are typified by an initial administration followed by repeated doses at one or more hour intervals by a subsequent injection or other administration. Alternatively, continuous intravenous infusion sufficient to maintain therapeutically effective concentrations in the blood are contemplated.
The present invention has been described in detail, including the preferred embodiments thereof. However, it will be appreciated that those skilled in the art, upon consideration of the present disclosure, may make modifications and /or improvements on this invention and still be within the scope and spirit of this invention as set forth in the following claims.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:
Compounds having the formula:
Figure imgf000103_0001
wherein Ri, R2, R3, R4, Rs, Re, R7, Re and Rg are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, OH, OR', SH, SR', SOR', S02R\ N02) NH2, NHR', N(R")2, NHC(0)R', CN, halogen, =0, C(=O)H, C(=O)R', C02H, C02R\ C-C12 alkyl, C2-Ci2 alkenyl, C2-Cι2 alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic;
wherein each of the R' groups is independently selected from the group consisting of H, OH, NH2> N02( SH, CN, halogen, =0, C(=0)H, C(=0)CH3, CO2H, CO2CH3, C1-C12 alkyl, C2-C12 alkenyl, C2-C12 alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl, and heteroaromatic ;
wherein each dotted circle represents one, two or three optional double bonds;
wherein R7 and Rs may be joined into a carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring system;
and wherein Xi and X2 are each independently defined as above for Ri - Rs, and each further includes a formula selected from the group consisting of:
Figure imgf000104_0001
°
H,c"
H,C — A
Figure imgf000104_0002
H,C^-^
^^ u
Figure imgf000104_0003
Figure imgf000104_0004
Figure imgf000104_0005
Figure imgf000105_0001
Figure imgf000105_0002
or the formula:
O
Figure imgf000105_0003
o
wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of:
Figure imgf000105_0004
where n = 1, 2, 3 ... 20
Figure imgf000106_0001
Figure imgf000106_0002
Figure imgf000106_0003
wherein each R group, which may be the same or be different, is selected from the group consisting of H, OH, SH, NH2, N02, halogen, nitro, Ci-Cβ-alkyl, Cι-C6- alkoxy, Ci-Cβ-acyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or substituted or unsubstituted benzyl.
2. Compounds of the formula:
Figure imgf000107_0001
wherein Ri, R2, R3, R4, Rs, Re, and R9 are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, OH, OR', SH, SR', SOR', SO2R', N02, NH2, NHR', N(R')2, NHC(0)R', CN, halogen, =0, Ci-Cβ alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic ;
wherein each of the R' groups is independently selected from the group consisting of H, OH, N02, NH2, SH, CN, halogen, =0, C(=0)H, C(=0)CH3, C02H, CO2CH3, Ci-Cβ alkyl, phenyl, benzyl, and heteroaromatic;
wherein each dotted circle represents one, two or three optional double bonds;
and wherein Xi and X2 are each independently defined as above for Ri - R8) each further includes a formula selected from the group consisting of: H,c-^
Figure imgf000108_0001
V
H,C^
Figure imgf000108_0002
H,(
Figure imgf000108_0003
^^
XI
Figure imgf000108_0004
CH,
H,C-^
Figure imgf000109_0001
Figure imgf000109_0002
Figure imgf000109_0003
Figure imgf000109_0004
or the formula:
O II
Figure imgf000109_0005
o
wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of:
Figure imgf000110_0001
Figure imgf000110_0002
Figure imgf000110_0003
wherein each R group, which may be the same or be different, is selected from the group consisting of H, OH, SH, NH2, N0 , halogen, Ci-Ce-alkyl, Cι-C6- alkoxy, Ci-Cβ-acyl, aryl or alkylaryl.
3. The compound of the formula:
Figure imgf000111_0001
wherein Xi is selected from the group consisting of:
OrY
Figure imgf000111_0002
w
XX
Figure imgf000111_0003
and
Figure imgf000112_0001
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and derivatives thereof.
4. The compound of Claim 3, wherein Xi is:
ox
5. The compound of Claim 3, wherein Xi is:
Figure imgf000112_0002
The compound of Claim 3, wherein Xi is:
XX
The compound of Claim 3, wherein Xi is:
Figure imgf000112_0003
- I l l
Figure imgf000113_0001
8. The compound of Claim 3, wherein Xi is:
Figure imgf000113_0002
The compound of the formula:
Figure imgf000113_0003
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and derivatives thereof,
wherein:
Figure imgf000113_0004
R2 is H, OH, OCH3; R3 is H, OH, SH, NH2 or CH3;
R is H, OH, SH, NH2, OCH3, or halogen;
R5 is H or Cι-C6 alkyl;
Re is CN, OH, SH, NH2> OR, SR, or 0(C=0)R;
Rς is Cι-C6 alkyl;
and wherein Xi has the formula:
O
II
. N
o
and wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of:
Figure imgf000114_0001
CH-
Figure imgf000114_0002
where n = 1 , 2. 3 ... 20
Figure imgf000115_0001
Figure imgf000115_0002
Figure imgf000115_0003
wherein each R group, which may be the same or be different, is selected from the group consisting of H, OH, SH, NH2, N02, halogen, Cι-C6-alkyl, Cι-C6- alkoxy, Ci-Cβ-acyl, aryl or alkylaryl.
10. The compound of Claim 9, wherein Xi is:
Figure imgf000116_0001
1 1. The compound of Claim 9, wherein Xi is:
Figure imgf000116_0002
12. The compound of Claim 9, wherein Xi is:
Figure imgf000116_0003
13. The compound of Claim 9, wherein Xi is:
Figure imgf000117_0001
14. The compound of Claim 9, wherein Xi is:
Figure imgf000117_0002
15. The compound of Claim 9, wherein Xi is:
Figure imgf000117_0003
16. The compound of Claim 9, wherein Xi is:
Figure imgf000117_0004
17. The compound of Claim 9, wherein Xi is:
Figure imgf000118_0001
18. The compound of Claim 9, wherein Xi is:
Figure imgf000118_0002
19. The compound of Claim 9, wherein Xi is:
Figure imgf000118_0003
20. The compound of Claim 9, wherein Xi is:
Figure imgf000118_0004
21. The compound of Claim 9, wherein XL is:
Figure imgf000119_0001
22. The compound of Claim 9, wherein Xi is:
Figure imgf000119_0002
23. The compound of formula:
Figure imgf000119_0003
24. The compound of formula:
Figure imgf000119_0004
25. The compound of formula:
Figure imgf000120_0001
26. The compound of formula:
Figure imgf000120_0002
27. The compound of formula:
Figure imgf000120_0003
28. The compound formula:
Figure imgf000121_0001
29. The compound of formula:
Figure imgf000121_0002
30. The compound of formula:
Figure imgf000121_0003
31. The compound of formula:
Figure imgf000122_0001
32. The compound of formula:
Figure imgf000122_0002
33. The compound of formula:
Figure imgf000123_0001
34. The compound of formula:
Figure imgf000123_0002
35. The compound of formula:
Figure imgf000124_0001
36. The compound of formula:
Figure imgf000124_0002
37. The compound of formula:
Figure imgf000125_0001
38. The compound of formula:
Figure imgf000125_0002
39. The compound of formula:
Figure imgf000125_0003
0. The compound of formula:
Figure imgf000126_0001
41. The compound of formula:
Figure imgf000126_0002
42. The compound of formula:
Figure imgf000126_0003
43. The compound of formula:
Figure imgf000127_0001
44. The compound of formula:
Figure imgf000127_0002
45. The compound of formula:
Figure imgf000127_0003
46. The compound of formula:
Figure imgf000128_0001
47. The compound of formula:
Figure imgf000128_0002
48. The compound of formula:
Figure imgf000128_0003
9. The compound of formula:
Figure imgf000129_0001
50. The compound of formula:
Figure imgf000129_0002
51. The compound of formula:
Figure imgf000129_0003
52. The compound of formula:
Figure imgf000130_0001
53. The compound of formula:
Figure imgf000130_0002
54. The compound of formula:
Figure imgf000130_0003
55. The compound of formula:
Figure imgf000131_0001
56. The compound of formula:
Figure imgf000131_0002
57. The compound of formula:
Figure imgf000131_0003
58. The compound of formula:
Figure imgf000132_0001
59. The compound of formula:
Figure imgf000132_0002
60. The compound of formula:
Figure imgf000132_0003
61. The compound of formula:
Figure imgf000133_0001
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and derivatives thereof,
wherein:
Figure imgf000133_0002
R2 is H, OH, OCH3;
R3 is H, OH, SH, NH2 or CH3;
R4 is H, OH, SH, NH2, OCH3, or halogen;
Rs is H or Cι-C6 alkyl;
Re is CN, OH, SH, NH2, OR, SR, or 0(C=0)R;
R9 is Ci-Ce alkyl;
and wherein Xi is selected from the group consisting of:
αV
Figure imgf000134_0001
Figure imgf000134_0002
Figure imgf000134_0003
Figure imgf000134_0004
Figure imgf000134_0005
Figure imgf000135_0001
Figure imgf000135_0002
Figure imgf000135_0003
Figure imgf000135_0004
Figure imgf000136_0001
and
Figure imgf000136_0002
and wherein X2 is selected from the group consisting of:
Figure imgf000136_0003
o o H,C
Figure imgf000136_0004
H,C
BΛΪ nj-
Figure imgf000137_0001
^^
o
Figure imgf000137_0002
H,C^
and
C ?HH3,
H,C
62. The compound of Claim 61, wherein Xi is:
Figure imgf000137_0003
63. The compound of Claim 61 , wherein Xi is: Φ:
64. The compound of Claim 61, wherein Xi is:
Figure imgf000138_0001
65. The compound of Claim 61, wherein Xi is:
Figure imgf000138_0002
66. The compound of Claim 61, wherein Xi is:
Figure imgf000138_0003
67. The compound of Claim 61, wherein Xi is:
Figure imgf000139_0001
68. The compound of Claim 61, wherein Xi is:
Figure imgf000139_0002
69. The compound of Claim 61, wherein Xi is:
Figure imgf000139_0003
70. The compound of Claim 61, wherein Xi is:
Figure imgf000139_0004
71. The compound of Claim 61, wherein Xi is:
Figure imgf000140_0001
72. The compound of Claim 61 , wherein Xi is:
Figure imgf000140_0002
73. The compound of Claim 61 , wherein Xi is:
Figure imgf000140_0003
74. The compound of Claim 61, wherein Xi is:
Figure imgf000140_0004
75. The compound of Claim 61, wherein X2 is: H,c^
76. The compound of Claim 61, wherein X2 is:
Figure imgf000141_0001
17. The compound of Claim 61, wherein X2 is:
Figure imgf000141_0002
78. The compound of Claim 61, wherein X2 is:
Figure imgf000141_0003
79. The compound of Claim 61, wherein X2 is:
H,C
80. The compound of Claim 61, wherein X2 is:
Hocy l
81. The compound of Claim 61 , wherein X2 is:
Figure imgf000142_0001
82. The compound of Claim 61 , wherein X2 is:
83. The compound of Claim 61 , wherein X2 is:
84. The compound of Claim 61 , wherein X2 is:
Figure imgf000142_0002
85. The compound of Claim 61 , wherein X2 is:
Figure imgf000142_0003
86. The compound of Claim 61, wherein X2 is: H,C
87. The compound of Claim 61 , wherein X2 is:
Figure imgf000143_0001
88. The compound of the formula:
Figure imgf000143_0002
wherein X2 is selected from the group consisting of:
Figure imgf000143_0003
H,Ci
Figure imgf000143_0004
H,C A
Figure imgf000144_0001
^
^^
H^
OJi
Figure imgf000144_0002
and
Figure imgf000144_0003
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and derivatives thereof.
89. The compound of Claim 88, wherein X2 is:
Figure imgf000145_0001
90. The compound of Claim 88, wherein X2 is:
Figure imgf000145_0002
91. The compound of Claim 88, wherein X2 is:
0. .0 H,cr*
92. The compound of Claim 88, wherein X2 is:
Figure imgf000145_0003
93. The compound of Claim 88, wherein X2 is:
H,c>.
94. The compound of Claim 88, wherein X2 is: HX
95. The compound of Claim 88, wherein X2 is:
tfaC^^--
96. The compound of Claim 88, wherein X2 is:
97. The compound of Claim 88, wherein X2 is:
98. The compound of Claim 88, wherein X2 is:
cu
99. The compound of Claim 88, wherein X2 is:
Figure imgf000147_0001
100. The compound of Claim 88, wherein X2 is:
H3C^
101. The compound of Claim 88, wherein X2 is:
CH3 H,C^
102. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising an effective antitumor amount of a compound of the formula:
Figure imgf000147_0002
wherein Xi is selected from the group consisting of:
ox
Figure imgf000148_0001
Figure imgf000148_0002
Figure imgf000148_0003
and
Figure imgf000148_0004
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and derivatives thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient.
103. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising an effective antitumor amount of a compound of the formula:
Figure imgf000148_0005
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and derivatives thereof,
wherein Xi has the formula:
O
N
C
II o
and wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of:
«R„o )^
Figure imgf000149_0001
;
where n = 1, 2, 3 ... 20
Figure imgf000150_0001
Figure imgf000150_0002
Figure imgf000150_0003
wherein each R group, which may be the same or be different, is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, amino, halogen, nitro, Ci-Cβ-alkyl, Ci-Cβ- alkoxy, Cι-C6-acyl, aryl or alkylaryl;
and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient.
104. The pharmaceutical composition of Claim 103, wherein Xi is:
Figure imgf000151_0001
105. The pharmaceutical composition of Claim 103, wherein Xi is:
Figure imgf000151_0002
106. The pharmaceutical composition of Claim 103, wherein Xi is:
Figure imgf000151_0003
107. The pharmaceutical composition of Claim 103, wherein Xi is:
Figure imgf000152_0001
108. The pharmaceutical composition of Claim 103, wherein Xi is:
Figure imgf000152_0002
109. The pharmaceutical composition of Claim 103, wherein Xi is:
Figure imgf000152_0003
1 10. The pharmaceutical composition of Claim 103, wherein Xi is:
Figure imgf000152_0004
1 1 1. The pharmaceutical composition of Claim 103, wherein Xi is:
Figure imgf000153_0001
1 12. The pharmaceutical composition of Claim 103, wherein Xi is:
Figure imgf000153_0002
1 13. The pharmaceutical composition of Claim 103, wherein Xi is:
Figure imgf000153_0003
1 14. The pharmaceutical composition of Claim 103, wherein Xi is:
Figure imgf000153_0004
115. The pharmaceutical composition of Claim 103, wherein Xi is:
Figure imgf000154_0001
116. The pharmaceutical composition of Claim 103, wherein Xi is:
Figure imgf000154_0002
117. A method of treating tumors in mammals comprising administering to a mammal in need of such treatment, an effective antitumor amount of a compound of the formula:
Figure imgf000154_0003
wherein Xi is selected from the group consisting of:
ox
Figure imgf000155_0001
Figure imgf000155_0002
Figure imgf000155_0003
and
Figure imgf000155_0004
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and derivatives thereof, in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient.
118. A method of treating tumors in mammals comprising administering to a mammal in need of such treatment, an effective antitumor amount of a compound of the formula:
Figure imgf000155_0005
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and derivatives thereof,
wherein Xi has the formula:
O
\
N
C '
II o
and wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of:
Figure imgf000156_0001
CH-
Figure imgf000156_0002
;
where n = 1 , 2, 3 ... 20
Figure imgf000157_0001
Figure imgf000157_0002
Figure imgf000157_0003
wherein each R group, which may be the same or be different, is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, amino, halogen, nitro, Cι-C6-alkyl, C1-C6- alkoxy, Ci-Ce-acyl, aryl or alkylaryl;
in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient.
1 19. The method of treatment of Claim 1 18, wherein Xi is:
Figure imgf000158_0001
120. The method of treatment of Claim 1 18, wherein Xi is:
Figure imgf000158_0002
121. The method of treatment of Claim 1 18, wherein Xi is:
Figure imgf000158_0003
122. The method of treatment of Claim 1 18, wherein Xi is:
Figure imgf000159_0001
123. The method of treatment of Claim 1 18, wherein Xi is:
Figure imgf000159_0002
124. The method of treatment of Claim 1 18, wherein Xi is:
Figure imgf000159_0003
125. The method of treatment of Claim 118, wherein Xi is:
Figure imgf000159_0004
126. The method of treatment of Claim 1 18, wherein Xi is:
Figure imgf000160_0001
127. The method of treatment of Claim 1 18, wherein Xi is:
Figure imgf000160_0002
128. The method of treatment of Claim 1 18, wherein Xi is:
Figure imgf000160_0003
129. The method of treatment of Claim 1 18, wherein Xi is:
Figure imgf000160_0004
130. The method of treatment of Claim 1 18, wherein Xi is:
Figure imgf000161_0001
131. The method of treatment of Claim 1 18, wherein Xi is:
Figure imgf000161_0002
PCT/US1999/022405 1998-09-30 1999-09-30 Synthetic analogs of ecteinascidin-743 WO2000018233A1 (en)

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EP99948484A EP1117297B1 (en) 1998-09-30 1999-09-30 Synthetic analogs of ecteinascidin-743
AU61650/99A AU765439B2 (en) 1998-09-30 1999-09-30 Synthetic analogs of ecteinascidin-743
NZ510734A NZ510734A (en) 1998-09-30 1999-09-30 Synthetic analogs of ecteinascidin-743 for treating tumors
MXPA01003339A MXPA01003339A (en) 1998-09-30 1999-09-30 Synthetic analogs of ecteinascidin-743.
CA002345297A CA2345297C (en) 1998-09-30 1999-09-30 Synthetic analogs of ecteinascidin-743
JP2000571761A JP4638985B2 (en) 1998-09-30 1999-09-30 Synthetic analogues of ectenacidin-743
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