WO1999037129A2 - Method for producing a composite material and composite material produced according to said method - Google Patents
Method for producing a composite material and composite material produced according to said method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999037129A2 WO1999037129A2 PCT/DE1999/000194 DE9900194W WO9937129A2 WO 1999037129 A2 WO1999037129 A2 WO 1999037129A2 DE 9900194 W DE9900194 W DE 9900194W WO 9937129 A2 WO9937129 A2 WO 9937129A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- adhesive
- cover element
- base
- pigments
- composite material
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a composite material, in particular plates, tiles or tiles for decorative purposes, wherein a base element and a transparent cover element are connected, including an incompletely transparent material (embedding material) and the use of an adhesive, and one and such manufactured composite.
- a base element and a transparent cover element are connected, including an incompletely transparent material (embedding material) and the use of an adhesive, and one and such manufactured composite.
- a large number of materials are known as components for the design of surfaces of objects or translucent surfaces. This places high demands on the aesthetic effect of the surface as well as on workability, durability, resilience and ease of maintenance.
- surfaces in the sanitary area must be insensitive to water and easy to clean. In hospitals and medical practices, the surfaces must also be kept largely germ-free, so they must not be open-pore.
- Surface cladding used outdoors must have environmental influences, e.g. acid rain, withstand permanent.
- the components should be as light as possible in order to make transportation and handling as simple as possible during manufacture or assembly.
- Natural stones are processed into thin plates, the strength of which does not fall below 8 to 30 mm for reasons of stability, and polished.
- the thinly ground stones can then be coated, stabilized and made processable using adhesive glue and lamella.
- real stone slabs have a very high weight, which cannot be reduced further due to the stability-related minimum thickness, and are difficult to assemble on the outside and inside walls due to the risk of breakage and weight. animals.
- the surface of natural stones, especially marble is sensitive to environmental influences, red wine and other organic color substances and must be specially sealed. For this reason, use in hygienically sensitive areas is out of the question.
- Imitation stones are printed on plastic foils or other carriers in order to represent real stones as realistically as possible. However, it is not possible to reproduce the optical effect of natural stones, in particular depth of color and transparency, on thin foils. In addition, film-clad surfaces are mechanically resistant and therefore unsuitable for many applications.
- Glazed stone tiles are made with colors that are usually melted onto the surface of clay at temperatures of 500 - 1000 °.
- the aesthetic effect of natural stones is often imitated, although this is only possible to a certain extent, since natural stones have a glazing depth of color that cannot be achieved with conventional glazes.
- Material for example, is a wood veneer, and at least one of the
- Materials made of a clear material e.g. Glass or acrylic glass.
- the latter also serves as a carrier for the translucent material.
- the translucent material can be covered with an additional transparent layer, sandwiching it between the two transparent ones
- a plate-shaped composite material is known from DE G 92 04 379, which consists of a veneer glued to at least one glass plate, the veneer layer being homogeneously connected to the glass plate on its visible side using a transparent adhesive.
- the composite materials mentioned make wood and other translucent materials versatile and easy to process. Nevertheless, the composite materials mentioned, in which a thin layer of a starting material is always glued to a transparent plate or glued between two plates, do not produce natural stones or a stone look, especially not over a large area. Because a thin layer of stone is very difficult to manufacture and process into a composite element due to the risk of breakage.
- the invention is based on the object, while avoiding the disadvantages described, of providing a composite element in which the aesthetic effect of natural stones is modeled as lifelike as possible or which has a stone look.
- the area of application for artificial pigments, such as pearlescent or metallic pigments, which can only be used to a limited extent due to their sensitivity, is to be expanded.
- the composite material should be largely insensitive to physical and chemical effects, durable, easy to manufacture and easy to process. It is intended to provide a universally applicable means for the aesthetically high-quality design and decoration as well as the protection of objects, such as pieces of furniture and decorative items as well as interior and exterior walls, which replaces natural stones or imitates the aesthetic effect of natural stones there, where they could not previously be used for reasons such as hygiene, weight or resilience.
- the problem is solved in a method for producing a Composite material, in particular of plates, tiles or tiles for decorative purposes, wherein a base element and a transparent cover element are connected, including an incompletely transparent material (embedding material) and the use of an adhesive, in that the embedding material is a powder that is natural and / or Contains artificial color pigments, the powder being mixed with the adhesive and the base and cover elements being connected with the powder-mixed adhesive.
- the embedding material is a powder that is natural and / or Contains artificial color pigments, the powder being mixed with the adhesive and the base and cover elements being connected with the powder-mixed adhesive.
- a composite material in particular from plates, tiles, tiles or panes, for decorative purposes, consists of a basic element and a transparent cover element including an incompletely transparent material (embedding material), which are connected by means of an adhesive;
- the embedding material is a powder which contains natural and / or artificial color pigments, the powder being mixed with the adhesive and the base and cover elements being connected to the powder-mixed adhesive.
- natural stone pigments and / or technical representations as well as artificial pigments are embedded between the base and cover elements. Embedding is done at low temperatures, such as room temperature. Burning-in can be omitted since the composite material can be adapted to the respective application by a suitable choice of the material of the base and cover element. There are therefore no special requirements for the physical and / or chemical resistance of the embedding material. In this way, artificial pigments, which are otherwise sensitive to heat, can also be used to design the optical effect of the composite material. Furthermore, the chemical and physical properties of are not natural pigments or particles are decisive for the durability and usability of the composite material, but that of the base or cover element.
- the color pigments which are added to the adhesive are in particular pearlescent pigments and natural stone pigments, such as precious stones, semi-precious stones and minerals.
- the powder is dispersed into the adhesive, which is preferably a two-component, transparent silicone adhesive.
- the pigments have a grain size of 5 to 500 ⁇ m, preferably between 10 and
- the natural stone pigments give the silicone layer between the base and cover element a milky color and a microstructure that conveys a depth effect that is similar to the natural depth effect of stones.
- artificial pigments for example, a pearlescent effect with a deep effect is created.
- the optical effect of natural materials, in particular stones, is preferably modeled on the fact that on the back of the cover element, i.e. A pattern is printed or recorded on the side facing the base element, or on the top side of the base element or on both sides, which preferably resembles the structure, veining or other color variation of the natural rock.
- the natural color pigments in the embedding material or the adhesive mixture then reflect the color background, while the stone structure is modeled by the pattern applied.
- a color or a lacquer with pigments that are as true to color as possible is preferably used.
- the embedding material and possibly the printed or drawn pattern is visible through the transparent cover element.
- the composite material produced according to the invention can therefore in any way by speaking choice of the embedding material and the print can be aesthetically designed. If a transparent, crystal-clear adhesive is used as the adhesive, which preferably has approximately the refractive index as the cover element, a depth effect is achieved which brings the embedding material to advantage in a particularly advantageous manner.
- the cover element protects the composite material from physical and chemical influences, in particular it is insensitive to moisture and environmental influences.
- the cover element is made of glass, a surface is also provided that is easy to clean and to keep germ-free.
- White glass is preferably used, but also anti-reflective glass and sandblasted or etched glass or security glass.
- the composite material produced according to the invention thus gives the possibility, even in hygienically sensitive areas or in wet or outdoor areas, of the aesthetic effect of materials which are unsuitable per se, such as e.g. Marble to imitate. Since the cover element and embedding material can be made very thin and light with a few millimeters and less, the composite material has little weight and is therefore easy to handle. A significant reduction in weight is achieved in particular in comparison to materials of comparable surface made of natural stones.
- a further reduction in weight can be achieved by using transparent plastics, e.g. Acrylic glass can be achieved.
- the composite material can also be produced in principle with any surface.
- the underside of the base element can be prepared in such a way or the material of the base element can be selected accordingly that adhesion or attachment to the desired base is possible. It is only essential that the side of the base element facing the cover element, the upper side, be arrested with the adhesive and thus with the cover element or the embedding material.
- the base element and / or the cover element are coated with the powder-mixed adhesive, which is preferably based on a two-component silicone adhesive is produced, coated and the two elements joined together, if necessary after a drying phase.
- the adhesive is a colorless and largely transparent two-component silicone adhesive.
- This preferably has a refractive index which essentially corresponds to the refractive index of the cover element.
- the silicone adhesive preferably has a refractive index in the range from 1.10 to 2.0, preferably 1.4. A special optical depth effect of the composite material is achieved by adapting the refractive indices.
- a further advantage of silicone adhesive is that it does not chemically interact with the embedding material, but instead seals and preserves it.
- the embedding material of a composite material according to the invention thus has a transparency and depth effect, which is particularly effective when the basic element is also transparent, for example a glass plate or tile, and is illuminated from behind.
- edges of the composite material are preferably sealed with a UV-curing acrylic resin or a one-component silicone adhesive after the base and cover elements have been joined together. In this way the embedding material is enclosed airtight.
- the powder-mixed adhesive layer has a maximum thickness of 10 mm, preferably between 0.1 and 1 mm.
- the composite material can thus be made very thin and yet represent different types of material with their optical effects. Embedding material and / or basic and Before the adhesive is glued, the cover element is prepared with a primer matched to the adhesive and, if appropriate, the embedding material.
- the shape of the composite material can be freely selected.
- the base and cover elements are preferably always complementarily shaped in such a way that they can be assembled with a precise fit, including a thin layer of adhesive.
- the cover element is a flat tile or plate or disc, which consists of clear colorless or colored glass
- the base element is a further flat tile or plate or disc with approximately the surface of the cover element, which preferably consists of glass or glazed ceramic.
- a flat, flat composite element produced in this way can be used for many applications and is easy to manufacture, store, transport and process.
- glass particles preferably a grain size of
- Melting temperature of the glass particles is preferably lower than that of the cover element.
- Such a composite material can be used in particular for the design of floors.
- the composite material is brought under negative pressure after the cover and base element have been joined together.
- the present invention has many advantages over conventional means for designing object surfaces. On the one hand, there is a multitude of design options due to the free choice of embedding material.
- the normal transparent material of the cover element protects the display and the materials between the base and cover element, also with the help of the silicone.
- a glass cover element is not charged statically and is largely resistant to bird droppings, acid rain and the like and therefore also for suitable for outdoor use.
- Objects made from or covered with composite materials according to the invention, such as furniture, wall coverings and the like have the advantage that they cannot be attacked by water or chemicals and are not flammable by fire.
- the glass elements with stone optics can be used for the first time in areas of life that were previously reserved only for glass and stainless steel, in particular the areas of clinics, kitchens, medical practices, offices, living areas, sanitary areas.
- the invention has the advantage of imitating natural stones as a composite material that is simple and inexpensive to produce and easy to handle.
- Real stone slabs are much heavier than the components described; the latter are easier to mount on the outside and inside walls.
- the surface of most natural stones are sensitive to physical and chemical influences and must be specially sealed; this does not apply to the glass elements described.
- a completely new area for the design behind glass plates with different materials opens up for architects and designers. By connecting glass, ceramic tile using silicone and introducing these elements into concrete formwork and pouring concrete, it will be possible for the first time to finish the exterior and interior walls with the construction of the shell.
- the method according to the invention provides permanent materials with a new optical effect. As with conventional laminated glass, injuries in the event of glass breakage are also avoided in the composite material according to the invention with a glass spacer, since broken glass is held by means of the adhesive silicone.
- the base and cover element e.g. between two glass panes, real stones such as Granite, marble, lapis lazuli, malachite stones and others are depicted or modeled realistically.
- the inside of the glass cover element is printed as transparently as possible with the coloring of the stones and printed with lightfast pigments.
- all colors adhering to glass can be used, if necessary using a suitable primer.
- the ink should bond with the silicone adhesive after applying the silicone primer.
- the color representation of the stones is applied, for example, in a four-color set (euro scale) or with special colors by direct printing, in screen printing, transfer printing, ink-jet printing or the like.
- Epoxy coatings adhering to glass are preferably used, in which pigments that are as true to color as possible have been dispersed. These can be two-component paints or one-component paints with baking in the oven at around 140 ° C. Silicone can also be used as a binder for the color pigments and printing ink. Glass baking paints can also be used, which are used at higher temperatures, e.g. between 500 ° C and 600 ° C.
- marble stone is ground to stone pigment flour with a grain size of 5 to 300 ⁇ m, preferably between 10 and 300 ⁇ m.
- the stone pigment flour is separated from unwanted stone pigments using flotation.
- This marble pigment is dispersed in the crystal-clear silicone adhesive, whereby the silicone reflects the natural transparency of the marble.
- the base and cover elements are glued bubble-free with this offset silicone adhesive.
- the unmistakable transparency of the marble stone is thus transferred into the silicone with the help of the marble stone pigments, thereby creating a product that reflects the real transparent marble.
- the silicone with embedding material becomes both the color and also the connecting element for the base and cover element and enables a lifelike marble representation, especially with regard to the color depth.
- Marble has two representative colors, the first is the top view and the second is the see-through.
- This stone structure can be modeled particularly advantageously if the base element is also transparent.
- the color-giving representation of the transparency which is much more intensive than the top view, is also shown in terms of printing technology on the lower glass pane, the basic element.
- the white color pigments contained in the silicone adhesive convey the transparency typical of marble and at the same time form a white filter. If a light source is placed on the back of the glass pane, the marble view of the marble representation is made possible. If the composite material is used as a room divider or the like, depending on the light intensity, the colored representation of the natural marble appears as a top view or as a see-through. It is particularly advantageous that this representation can be achieved with its entire color depth with a plate of 0.1 to at most 1 mm thickness.
- any stone that is used today in the construction industry can be represented.
- stones can also be represented which cannot be processed as such, since they are either too porous or cannot be processed over large areas to form stone slabs.
- sandstone, granite, porphyry and in particular all semi-precious and precious stones can also be represented.
- the following rocks can be used: deep and tunnel rocks such as granite, syenite, diorite, gabbro, essexite and all other petrographic varieties (eg labradorite etc.); Effusion stones such as basalts, quartz phosphors, trachytes, andesites, phonolites, dolerites, etc .; Sediments (layered) rocks such as sandstones, carbonate stones, limes, shell limestone; Metamorphic rocks such as gneiss, crystalline slate, mica slate, marbles of all varieties, quartzites, etc .; Volcanic igneous rocks such as basalts, porphyries, quartz pophyre, granipophyre, andesite, diabase, shonkinite, theralite, etc .; Gemstones; Rubies, emeralds, sapphires, diamonds; Tourmaline, Aquamarine, Topase, Alexandite, Chrysobersylle, Berylle, etc .;
- Stone representations can also be produced reprotechnically, which are not based on a natural template but only arise from the creative imagination. Artistic representations can also be painted or printed on a disc. A color-deepening effect can be achieved by adding color pigments or dyes to the adhesive.
- the lower side of a glass pane or a tile is coated as a basic element on the inside with a non-white color.
- a plain-colored tile can be used as the basic element.
- a primer is used so that the base element bonds with the adhesive, preferably silicone.
- the adhesive preferably silicone.
- the pearlescent or metallic pigments are dispersed in the silicone layer and thus develop their special optical effect. These color pigments cannot be annealed and are therefore advantageous for the production of the cold-produced glass tiles according to the invention, which open up a large number of new design options, particularly in the sanitary area.
- All mentioned materials e.g. Stone powder, textiles, wood, can be integrated together between two or more glass panes. It is of course possible to provide glass panes of every possible format for this described application. Finally, a variety of basic elements can be used for each cover element, e.g. a large glass pane can be provided with a large number of normal stone tiles, so that the composite material can be fastened with cement adhesive.
- glass particles are dusted or sieved onto the upper glass pane before the base and cover elements are joined and melted at a temperature of 500 to 600 ° C.
- These colorless glass pigments should be of the size that ensures non-slip properties and that adheres very well to the melted glass, but does not completely melt into the glass.
- the glass particle size is preferably between 40 and 300 ⁇ m.
- Glass tiles produced according to the invention with ceramic tiles as the basic element can be poured directly into the concrete for the production of wall cladding or room dividers or the like, the ceramic tiles connected to the glass pane being connected to the concrete. In this way, subsequent assembly of the composite material is not necessary.
- FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a tile
- Figure 2 shows the detail marked II in Figure 1 in an enlarged
- Figure 3 shows a further embodiment of a tile in which the
- Basic element is provided with a grain on its side facing the cover element;
- Figure 4 shows a further embodiment of the tile, in which the base element is toothed on its back, and
- Figure 5 shows a variant of the tile produced according to the invention with a transparent base element.
- the composite material designated 10 in FIG. 1, for example tile in the form of a sandwich, has a base element 2, for example an opaque ceramic plate and a cover element 4 made of glass, which enclose an intermediate layer 3.
- the intermediate layer 3 is formed by an embedding material 6 and a transparent adhesive 5.
- the intermediate layer 3 is thus the adhesive that connects the cover element 4 and the base element 2 to one another.
- the edges of the tile produced according to the invention are sealed with an edge protector 14, preferably made of acrylic resin. If the tile 10 is to be used as a floor tile, it is possible to design the tread 16 with increased slip resistance by using glass particles, preferably a grain size of 40 to
- FIG. 3 shows a sandwich-like composite material 11, for example tile 11, the base element 2a of which is printed on the upper side near the cover element with a decor 7 which reproduces the grain of a rock and through which the transparent cover element 4 and the intermediate layer 3 shine through.
- FIG. 4 shows a tile 12, the structure of which corresponds approximately to the tile 11 from FIG. 3.
- the rear side 8 of the base element 2b is additionally formed with a toothing 9 in order to create good adhesion to the substrate to which the tile 11 is to be applied.
- FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment of a tile 13 or a sandwich 13 produced according to the method.
- the basic element 2c also consists of a glass plate or an equivalent transparent material. With this construction, it is possible to arrange a lamp 15 behind or under a tile wall or floor in order to influence the optical effect.
- the invention can advantageously be used commercially in the field of building materials technology and interior and exterior equipment.
- the composite material is resistant to physical and chemical influences and makes materials such as natural stones, which were previously only of limited use, versatile.
Landscapes
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Finishing Walls (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19980034T DE19980034D2 (en) | 1998-01-26 | 1999-01-26 | Method for producing a composite material and composite material produced in this way |
AU32466/99A AU3246699A (en) | 1998-01-26 | 1999-01-26 | Method for producing a composite material and composite material produced according to said method |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19802766.4 | 1998-01-26 | ||
DE19802766 | 1998-01-26 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1999037129A2 true WO1999037129A2 (en) | 1999-07-29 |
WO1999037129A3 WO1999037129A3 (en) | 1999-11-25 |
Family
ID=7855637
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE1999/000194 WO1999037129A2 (en) | 1998-01-26 | 1999-01-26 | Method for producing a composite material and composite material produced according to said method |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AU (1) | AU3246699A (en) |
DE (1) | DE19980034D2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1999037129A2 (en) |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2000020699A2 (en) * | 1998-10-07 | 2000-04-13 | Plastobras Holding S.A. | Plate-shaped building component |
AT411041B (en) * | 2000-05-18 | 2003-09-25 | Josef Lindenberg | METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF GLASS TILES, GLASS BORDERS, GLASS DECORPANELS OR THE LIKE |
EP1637350A2 (en) * | 2004-06-03 | 2006-03-22 | Listawood Holdings Limited | Tiles and floors |
DE102005041017A1 (en) * | 2005-08-29 | 2007-03-01 | Marek Klosowski | Kitchen installation device, has retaining unit extending vertically upwards and attached at rear end of stand units, and unit for fixing upper kitchen unit provided in upper area of retaining unit |
DE102006012552A1 (en) * | 2006-03-18 | 2007-09-20 | Terporten Gmbh | Colored glass element, useful to construct revolving-, sliding- and/or sliding-gliding glass doors, comprises inorganic glass e.g. float glass and single-pane, and/or organic glass such as polycarbonate- or polymethyl methacrylate glass |
EP1935635A1 (en) * | 2006-12-20 | 2008-06-25 | BERBRAND S.r.l. | Lining and flooring tile and method to make it |
WO2013155466A1 (en) * | 2012-04-12 | 2013-10-17 | Bluescope Buildings North America, Inc. | Stone-effect articles and methods for making same |
DE102016116845A1 (en) * | 2016-09-08 | 2018-03-08 | Altura Leiden Holding B.V. | Plate with a reinforcement and a support |
DE102018127210A1 (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2020-04-30 | sedak GmbH & Co. KG | Facade element and method for producing a facade element |
DE102019112544A1 (en) * | 2019-05-14 | 2020-11-19 | ZEWO Produktion UG (haftungsbeschränkt) | Sanitary articles, in particular shower back walls, bath tub walls, wash basins or toilet bowls with a natural stone look |
CN114390830A (en) * | 2022-01-28 | 2022-04-22 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | Ceramic shell, preparation method thereof and electronic equipment |
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1999
- 1999-01-26 AU AU32466/99A patent/AU3246699A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-01-26 WO PCT/DE1999/000194 patent/WO1999037129A2/en active Application Filing
- 1999-01-26 DE DE19980034T patent/DE19980034D2/en not_active Ceased
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Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2000020699A2 (en) * | 1998-10-07 | 2000-04-13 | Plastobras Holding S.A. | Plate-shaped building component |
WO2000020699A3 (en) * | 1998-10-07 | 2000-10-12 | Plastobras Holding S A | Plate-shaped building component |
AT411041B (en) * | 2000-05-18 | 2003-09-25 | Josef Lindenberg | METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF GLASS TILES, GLASS BORDERS, GLASS DECORPANELS OR THE LIKE |
US6668586B2 (en) | 2000-05-18 | 2003-12-30 | Josef Lindenberg | Method for producing glass tiles, glass borders, ornamental panels made from glass or the like |
EP1637350A2 (en) * | 2004-06-03 | 2006-03-22 | Listawood Holdings Limited | Tiles and floors |
EP1637350A3 (en) * | 2004-06-03 | 2006-05-10 | Listawood Holdings Limited | Tiles and floors |
DE102005041017A1 (en) * | 2005-08-29 | 2007-03-01 | Marek Klosowski | Kitchen installation device, has retaining unit extending vertically upwards and attached at rear end of stand units, and unit for fixing upper kitchen unit provided in upper area of retaining unit |
DE102005041017B4 (en) * | 2005-08-29 | 2007-06-21 | Marek Klosowski | Device for installing kitchen elements |
DE102006012552A1 (en) * | 2006-03-18 | 2007-09-20 | Terporten Gmbh | Colored glass element, useful to construct revolving-, sliding- and/or sliding-gliding glass doors, comprises inorganic glass e.g. float glass and single-pane, and/or organic glass such as polycarbonate- or polymethyl methacrylate glass |
EP1935635A1 (en) * | 2006-12-20 | 2008-06-25 | BERBRAND S.r.l. | Lining and flooring tile and method to make it |
WO2013155466A1 (en) * | 2012-04-12 | 2013-10-17 | Bluescope Buildings North America, Inc. | Stone-effect articles and methods for making same |
US8617691B2 (en) | 2012-04-12 | 2013-12-31 | Steelscape, Llc | Stone-effect articles and methods for making same |
DE102016116845A1 (en) * | 2016-09-08 | 2018-03-08 | Altura Leiden Holding B.V. | Plate with a reinforcement and a support |
DE102018127210A1 (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2020-04-30 | sedak GmbH & Co. KG | Facade element and method for producing a facade element |
DE102019112544A1 (en) * | 2019-05-14 | 2020-11-19 | ZEWO Produktion UG (haftungsbeschränkt) | Sanitary articles, in particular shower back walls, bath tub walls, wash basins or toilet bowls with a natural stone look |
CN114390830A (en) * | 2022-01-28 | 2022-04-22 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | Ceramic shell, preparation method thereof and electronic equipment |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO1999037129A3 (en) | 1999-11-25 |
AU3246699A (en) | 1999-08-09 |
DE19980034D2 (en) | 2001-01-18 |
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