US3919124A - X-ray tube anode - Google Patents

X-ray tube anode Download PDF

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Publication number
US3919124A
US3919124A US323639A US32363973A US3919124A US 3919124 A US3919124 A US 3919124A US 323639 A US323639 A US 323639A US 32363973 A US32363973 A US 32363973A US 3919124 A US3919124 A US 3919124A
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percent
ray tube
anode
titanium dioxide
layer
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Expired - Lifetime
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US323639A
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Rudolf Friedel
Richard Lauterbach
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J35/02—Details
    • H01J35/04—Electrodes ; Mutual position thereof; Constructional adaptations therefor
    • H01J35/08—Anodes; Anti cathodes
    • H01J35/10—Rotary anodes; Arrangements for rotating anodes; Cooling rotary anodes
    • H01J35/105—Cooling of rotating anodes, e.g. heat emitting layers or structures

Definitions

  • An X-ray tube anode produced in accordance with the principles of the present invention is characterized in that the black material of the layer consists of a heating product of a mixture which contains titanium dioxide and additions of at least one other oxide which melts with difficulty.
  • additions can be used aluminum oxide Mo, and calcium oxide CaO.
  • a mixture of 50 percent TiO, and 50 percent A1 a deeply black substance is produced which has a high reflection coefficient in the entire temperature range.
  • this material does not enter into any reactions below the melting point of the layer with materials generally used for the making of rotary anodes, such as molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum and niobium, and steam pressure is very small.
  • a further advantage is that these substances excellently adhere to the cleaned and roughened outer surfaces of these materials.
  • the roughening is usually accomplished by sand jets and the cleaning by defattening, treatment with ultrasound, cauterizing or glowing.
  • the additions of TiO greatly increase the stability of the layer without affecting the reflection action to any substantial extent, as long as the TiO, content does not drop below about percent.
  • a mixture of 68 percent Ca() and 32 percent TiO for example, has a melting point of above 2lO0C.
  • X-ray tube anodes can be coated with the material of the present invention preferably for example, by plasma spraying or a similar process.
  • enamelling methods are also useable in that, for example, a mixture of the two oxides is applied as a pulverulent layer by means of a binder upon the surfaces to be coated and then is heated for about one half hour at a temperature of about l600C.
  • the selections of the temperature and of heating duration are not critical, they must be only provided so as to attain the desired reaction and adhesion.
  • the coating which was originally white will have a deep black well reflecting coloring.
  • the thickness of the larger is so measured 2 that a good covering is provided. Depending upon the granulation of the material thicknesses from a few t to about 100 u are sufficient.
  • FIGURE is a perspective view of an X-ray tube 1 with a partly broken off case and a broken off rotary anode plate.
  • the glass case 2 carries at one end the cathode 3 with connecting lines 4, 5 and 6 and at the other end the rotary anode 7 consisting of the rotor 8 and the anode plate 9.
  • the case 2, the cathode 3 and the rotary anode 7 are all constructed in the usual known manner.
  • the plate 9 has a carrying body 10 of a molybdenumtungsten alloy which contains 5 percent tungsten and percent molybdenum in addition to unavoidable impurities. Surfaces l2 and I3 struck by electrons are inclined at different angles to the plate axle 1] and are coated with a layer 14 which is 1.5 mm thick and consists ot a tungsten alloy containing 10 percent rhenium.
  • the plate 9 is coated upon its bottom side, at the edge and also upon its inner upper surface limited by the surface 12, with a layer 15 which is a reaction product of 56 percent M 0 and 44 percent TiO it is applied according to one of the above-described methods and is 20 p. thick.
  • rays are produced by applying high voltage between the cathode 3 and the anode 7.
  • the heating voltage of the glow cathodes located in the screen 3' of the cathode 3, is put on between the line 5 and one of the lines 4, 6.
  • the focal point paths l2, 13 located upon the upper surface of the plate 9 can be struck separately or jointly by electrons in order to send out X-rays.
  • the paths l2 and 13 differ from each other only in that the path 12 is lowered by l0 relatively to the vertical line of the plate axle 11, while in the path 13 this angle amounts to l5".
  • the application of the black coating 15 accelerates the ray emission and the heating, so that the cooling time period is shortened.
  • the cooling time period of l500to 1000C is already reduced to less than one half even when the coating is applied only to the bottom side of the plate.
  • An anode for an X-ray tube having a zone available for electron bombardment and, distinct from said zone, an external layer of black material comprising the reaction product obtained by heating a mixture containing not less than 20 percent of titanium dioxide and at least one of the refractory oxides, aluminum oxide and calcium oxide.

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  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
  • X-Ray Techniques (AREA)

Abstract

An X-ray tube anode consists of a difficultly meltable plate which carries a layer of black substance outside of the focal point path, specifically upon its under surface. The invention is particularly characterized in that the black substance of the layer consists of a heating product of a mixture which includes titanium dioxide and additions of at least one other oxide which melts with difficulty.

Description

United States Patent 1191 Friedel et a1.
1 1 X-RAY TUBE ANODE [75] Inventors: Rudolf Friedel, Erlangen; Richard Lauterbach, Munich. both of Germany [73] Assignee: Siemens Aktiengesellsehaft. Munich.
Germany [22] Filed: Jan. 15, 1973 [21] Appl. No: 323,639
[30] Foreign Application Priority Data Jun. 177 1972 Germany 3201979 [52] U5. 252/520; 106/63: 106/7333; 117/127; 165/133; 313/330 [51] Int. Cl.- HOlJ 35/12 [58] Field of Search 313/330; 117/212. 127; 252/520; 106/7333. 63. 133
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2.336.271 13/1943 Muchlett et 211. 3131330 X 1 1 Nov. 11, 1975 1.863.083 11/1958 Schrum 313/330 3.037.142 5/1962 Griffoul et a1. 313/330 3.243.636 3/1966 Nineuii 313/330 3.310.102 3/1967 Tromhe 165/133 X 3.694.685 9/1972 Houston 313/3311 X 3.753.021 8/1973 Bruun 313/330 X Primary l;'.\mm'ner-Benjamin R. Padgett ASS/Flu!!! Examiner-R. E. Schafer .iHUI'Htj'. Agent. or Firm\". Alex-under Scher [57] ABSTRACT 3 Claims. 1 Drawing Figure US. Patent Nov. 11, 1975 X-RAY TUBE ANODE This invention relates to an X-ray anode consisting of a plate which melts with difficulty and which is coated outside of the focal point path, specifically on its underside with a layer of black material.
It is known that when X-rays are produced in an X-ray tube, the used up electrical energy is transformed into heat to a great extent. This heat is contained in the anode and is finally removed, or transmitted by radiation to the surroundings. in order to increase the amount of heat transmitted radiation, the anodes have been coated outside of the focal point path with black coatings, such as carbon, pulverized metals, etc. However, all these coatings have the drawbacks that they either form compounds with the material of the anodes and thus disappear from the surface or that they adhere to the surface with difficulty if at all. Furthermore the degree of blackening is mostly comparatively small.
An object of the present invention is to eliminate these drawbacks.
Other objects will become apparent in the course of the following specification.
An X-ray tube anode produced in accordance with the principles of the present invention is characterized in that the black material of the layer consists ofa heating product of a mixture which contains titanium dioxide and additions of at least one other oxide which melts with difficulty. As such additions can be used aluminum oxide Mo, and calcium oxide CaO. When heating, for example, a mixture of 50 percent TiO, and 50 percent A1 a deeply black substance is produced which has a high reflection coefficient in the entire temperature range. Furthermore, this material does not enter into any reactions below the melting point of the layer with materials generally used for the making of rotary anodes, such as molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum and niobium, and steam pressure is very small. A further advantage is that these substances excellently adhere to the cleaned and roughened outer surfaces of these materials. The roughening is usually accomplished by sand jets and the cleaning by defattening, treatment with ultrasound, cauterizing or glowing. The additions of TiO, greatly increase the stability of the layer without affecting the reflection action to any substantial extent, as long as the TiO, content does not drop below about percent. A mixture of 68 percent Ca() and 32 percent TiO for example, has a melting point of above 2lO0C. Thus the substances used for blackening in accordance with the present invention have all the desired properties which were not combined in any of the materials used heretofore.
X-ray tube anodes can be coated with the material of the present invention preferably for example, by plasma spraying or a similar process. However, enamelling methods are also useable in that, for example, a mixture of the two oxides is applied as a pulverulent layer by means of a binder upon the surfaces to be coated and then is heated for about one half hour at a temperature of about l600C. The selections of the temperature and of heating duration are not critical, they must be only provided so as to attain the desired reaction and adhesion. Then the coating which was originally white will have a deep black well reflecting coloring. The thickness of the larger is so measured 2 that a good covering is provided. Depending upon the granulation of the material thicknesses from a few t to about 100 u are sufficient.
The invention will appear more clearly from the following detailed description when taken in connection with the accompanying drawing the sole FIGURE of which is a perspective view of an X-ray tube 1 with a partly broken off case and a broken off rotary anode plate.
Parts of the tube are blackened in accordance with the present invention outside of the focal point paths.
The glass case 2 carries at one end the cathode 3 with connecting lines 4, 5 and 6 and at the other end the rotary anode 7 consisting of the rotor 8 and the anode plate 9. The case 2, the cathode 3 and the rotary anode 7 are all constructed in the usual known manner.
The plate 9 has a carrying body 10 of a molybdenumtungsten alloy which contains 5 percent tungsten and percent molybdenum in addition to unavoidable impurities. Surfaces l2 and I3 struck by electrons are inclined at different angles to the plate axle 1] and are coated with a layer 14 which is 1.5 mm thick and consists ot a tungsten alloy containing 10 percent rhenium. The plate 9 is coated upon its bottom side, at the edge and also upon its inner upper surface limited by the surface 12, with a layer 15 which is a reaction product of 56 percent M 0 and 44 percent TiO it is applied according to one of the above-described methods and is 20 p. thick.
As in known tubes rays are produced by applying high voltage between the cathode 3 and the anode 7. The heating voltage of the glow cathodes located in the screen 3' of the cathode 3, is put on between the line 5 and one of the lines 4, 6. Then the focal point paths l2, 13 located upon the upper surface of the plate 9 can be struck separately or jointly by electrons in order to send out X-rays. The paths l2 and 13 differ from each other only in that the path 12 is lowered by l0 relatively to the vertical line of the plate axle 11, while in the path 13 this angle amounts to l5". As already stated, during the striking of the surfaces l2, 13 by electrons in addition to X-rays a great deal of heat is produced which heats the plate 9. The application of the black coating 15 accelerates the ray emission and the heating, so that the cooling time period is shortened. As compared to a plate which does not have a coating 15, the cooling time period of l500to 1000C is already reduced to less than one half even when the coating is applied only to the bottom side of the plate.
What is claimed is:
I. An anode for an X-ray tube, having a zone available for electron bombardment and, distinct from said zone, an external layer of black material comprising the reaction product obtained by heating a mixture containing not less than 20 percent of titanium dioxide and at least one of the refractory oxides, aluminum oxide and calcium oxide.
2. An anode according to claim 1, wherein said mixture consists of 50 percent titanium dioxide and 50 percent aluminum oxide.
3. An anode according to claim 1, wherein said mixture consists of 32 percent titanium dioxide and 68 percent calcium oxide.

Claims (3)

1. AN ANODE FOR AN X-RAY TUBE, HAVING A ZONE AVAILABLE FOR ELECTRON BOMBARDMENT AND, DISTINCT FROM SAID ZONE, AN EXTERNAL LAYER OF BLACK MATERIAL COMPRISING THE REACTION PRODUCT OBTAINED BY HEATING A MIXTURE CONTAINING NOT LESS THAN 20 PERCENT OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE AND AT LEAST ONE OF THE REFRACTORY OXIDES, ALUMINUM OXIDE AND CALCIUM OXIDE.
2. An anode according to claim 1, wherein said mixture consists of 50 percent titanium dioxide and 50 percent aluminum oxide.
3. An anode according to claim 1, wherein said mixture consists of 32 percent titanium dioxide and 68 percent calcium oxide.
US323639A 1972-01-17 1973-01-15 X-ray tube anode Expired - Lifetime US3919124A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2201979A DE2201979C3 (en) 1972-01-17 1972-01-17 Process for the production of a blackened layer on rotating anodes of X-ray tubes

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JP (1) JPS5615110B2 (en)
AT (1) AT332492B (en)
CH (1) CH548667A (en)
DE (1) DE2201979C3 (en)
FR (1) FR2168327B1 (en)
GB (1) GB1418532A (en)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4029828A (en) * 1975-06-23 1977-06-14 Schwarzkopf Development Corporation X-ray target
US4052530A (en) * 1976-08-09 1977-10-04 Materials Technology Corporation Co-deposited coating of aluminum oxide and titanium oxide and method of making same
US4090103A (en) * 1975-03-19 1978-05-16 Schwarzkopf Development Corporation X-ray target
FR2381834A1 (en) * 1977-02-16 1978-09-22 Gen Electric ADVANCED ANODE FOR X-RAY TUBE
US4327305A (en) * 1978-11-20 1982-04-27 The Machlett Laboratories, Inc. Rotatable X-ray target having off-focal track coating
US4516255A (en) * 1982-02-18 1985-05-07 Schwarzkopf Development Corporation Rotating anode for X-ray tubes
FR2569050A1 (en) * 1984-08-07 1986-02-14 Boyarina Maiya Rotating anode for X-ray tube and X-ray tube fitted with such an anode
FR2574988A1 (en) * 1984-12-13 1986-06-20 Comurhex ROTATING ANODE FOR X-RAY TUBE
EP0244776A2 (en) * 1986-05-09 1987-11-11 General Electric Company Emissive coating for X-ray target
US4870672A (en) * 1987-08-26 1989-09-26 General Electric Company Thermal emittance coating for x-ray tube target
US4953190A (en) * 1989-06-29 1990-08-28 General Electric Company Thermal emissive coating for x-ray targets
US5199059A (en) * 1990-11-22 1993-03-30 Schwarzkopf Technologies Corporation X-ray tube anode with oxide coating
US5461659A (en) * 1994-03-18 1995-10-24 General Electric Company Emissive coating for x-ray tube rotors
US5553114A (en) * 1994-04-04 1996-09-03 General Electric Company Emissive coating for X-ray tube rotors

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA1142211A (en) * 1978-11-20 1983-03-01 Richard G. Weber Rotatable x-ray target having off-focal track coating
JPS57158937A (en) * 1981-03-26 1982-09-30 Tokyo Tungsten Co Ltd Rotary anode target for x-ray tube
JPS58128644A (en) * 1982-01-27 1983-08-01 Hitachi Ltd Target for x-ray tube
AT394643B (en) * 1989-10-02 1992-05-25 Plansee Metallwerk X-RAY TUBE ANODE WITH OXIDE COATING
DE19914825A1 (en) * 1999-03-31 2000-06-29 Siemens Ag Vacuum housing for an electron tube, especially a rotating-anode x-ray tube, has a metallic housing section with an interior high thermal absorption coefficient coating layer
JP4295527B2 (en) * 2003-02-27 2009-07-15 株式会社アライドマテリアル Discharge lamp and its electrode structure

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2336271A (en) * 1941-12-23 1943-12-07 Machlett Lab Inc Rotary anode x-ray tube
US2863083A (en) * 1956-03-30 1958-12-02 Radiologie Cie Gle X-ray genenrator tubes
US3037142A (en) * 1956-03-15 1962-05-29 Radiologie Cie Gle X-ray generator tubes
US3243636A (en) * 1963-01-30 1966-03-29 Tubix Soc Rotary anode for X-ray tubes
US3310102A (en) * 1962-12-27 1967-03-21 Centre Nat Rech Scient Devices for lowering the temperature of a body by heat radiation therefrom
US3694685A (en) * 1971-06-28 1972-09-26 Gen Electric System for conducting heat from an electrode rotating in a vacuum
US3753021A (en) * 1972-04-03 1973-08-14 Machlett Lab Inc X-ray tube anode target

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2336271A (en) * 1941-12-23 1943-12-07 Machlett Lab Inc Rotary anode x-ray tube
US3037142A (en) * 1956-03-15 1962-05-29 Radiologie Cie Gle X-ray generator tubes
US2863083A (en) * 1956-03-30 1958-12-02 Radiologie Cie Gle X-ray genenrator tubes
US3310102A (en) * 1962-12-27 1967-03-21 Centre Nat Rech Scient Devices for lowering the temperature of a body by heat radiation therefrom
US3243636A (en) * 1963-01-30 1966-03-29 Tubix Soc Rotary anode for X-ray tubes
US3694685A (en) * 1971-06-28 1972-09-26 Gen Electric System for conducting heat from an electrode rotating in a vacuum
US3753021A (en) * 1972-04-03 1973-08-14 Machlett Lab Inc X-ray tube anode target

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4090103A (en) * 1975-03-19 1978-05-16 Schwarzkopf Development Corporation X-ray target
US4029828A (en) * 1975-06-23 1977-06-14 Schwarzkopf Development Corporation X-ray target
US4052530A (en) * 1976-08-09 1977-10-04 Materials Technology Corporation Co-deposited coating of aluminum oxide and titanium oxide and method of making same
US4112148A (en) * 1976-08-09 1978-09-05 Materials Technology Corporation Method of co-deposit coating aluminum oxide and titanium oxide
FR2381834A1 (en) * 1977-02-16 1978-09-22 Gen Electric ADVANCED ANODE FOR X-RAY TUBE
US4132916A (en) * 1977-02-16 1979-01-02 General Electric Company High thermal emittance coating for X-ray targets
US4327305A (en) * 1978-11-20 1982-04-27 The Machlett Laboratories, Inc. Rotatable X-ray target having off-focal track coating
US4516255A (en) * 1982-02-18 1985-05-07 Schwarzkopf Development Corporation Rotating anode for X-ray tubes
FR2569050A1 (en) * 1984-08-07 1986-02-14 Boyarina Maiya Rotating anode for X-ray tube and X-ray tube fitted with such an anode
FR2574988A1 (en) * 1984-12-13 1986-06-20 Comurhex ROTATING ANODE FOR X-RAY TUBE
EP0185598A1 (en) * 1984-12-13 1986-06-25 COMURHEX Société pour la Conversion de l'Uranium en Métal et Hexafluorure Rotary anode for an X-ray tube
EP0244776A2 (en) * 1986-05-09 1987-11-11 General Electric Company Emissive coating for X-ray target
EP0244776A3 (en) * 1986-05-09 1988-06-01 General Electric Company Emissive coating for x-ray target
US4870672A (en) * 1987-08-26 1989-09-26 General Electric Company Thermal emittance coating for x-ray tube target
US4953190A (en) * 1989-06-29 1990-08-28 General Electric Company Thermal emissive coating for x-ray targets
US5199059A (en) * 1990-11-22 1993-03-30 Schwarzkopf Technologies Corporation X-ray tube anode with oxide coating
US5461659A (en) * 1994-03-18 1995-10-24 General Electric Company Emissive coating for x-ray tube rotors
US5553114A (en) * 1994-04-04 1996-09-03 General Electric Company Emissive coating for X-ray tube rotors

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Publication number Publication date
CH548667A (en) 1974-04-30
DE2201979B2 (en) 1978-08-24
ATA1068272A (en) 1976-01-15
FR2168327B1 (en) 1976-11-05
AT332492B (en) 1976-09-27
JPS4883789A (en) 1973-11-08
GB1418532A (en) 1975-12-24
DE2201979C3 (en) 1979-05-03
FR2168327A1 (en) 1973-08-31
DE2201979A1 (en) 1973-08-02
JPS5615110B2 (en) 1981-04-08

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