US3871946A - Novel high temperature resistant fabrics - Google Patents

Novel high temperature resistant fabrics Download PDF

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Publication number
US3871946A
US3871946A US420431A US42043173A US3871946A US 3871946 A US3871946 A US 3871946A US 420431 A US420431 A US 420431A US 42043173 A US42043173 A US 42043173A US 3871946 A US3871946 A US 3871946A
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United States
Prior art keywords
high temperature
temperature resistant
fabric
yarns
percent
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US420431A
Inventor
Eric R Romanski
J Drew Horn
William H Dutt
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Albany International Corp
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Albany International Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Albany International Corp filed Critical Albany International Corp
Priority to US420431A priority Critical patent/US3871946A/en
Priority to FR747429266A priority patent/FR2253112B1/fr
Priority to BE148113A priority patent/BE819426A/en
Priority to GB3820474A priority patent/GB1447447A/en
Priority to JP49130076A priority patent/JPS5855279B2/en
Priority to IT29628/74A priority patent/IT1025850B/en
Priority to NL7415370A priority patent/NL7415370A/en
Priority to DE19742456669 priority patent/DE2456669A1/en
Priority to US05/552,765 priority patent/US4015038A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3871946A publication Critical patent/US3871946A/en
Priority to GB3849475A priority patent/GB1481400A/en
Priority to FR7536042A priority patent/FR2301617A2/en
Priority to NL7514486A priority patent/NL7514486A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N7/00—Flexible sheet materials not otherwise provided for, e.g. textile threads, filaments, yarns or tow, glued on macromolecular material
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D1/00—Woven fabrics designed to make specified articles
    • D03D1/0094—Belts
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/20—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/283—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads synthetic polymer-based, e.g. polyamide or polyester fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/40—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the yarns or threads
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/50—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/513—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads heat-resistant or fireproof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/50—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/573—Tensile strength
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/60—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the warp or weft elements other than yarns or threads
    • D03D15/67—Metal wires
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D19/00—Gauze or leno-woven fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D25/00—Woven fabrics not otherwise provided for
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D3/00—Woven fabrics characterised by their shape
    • D03D3/04—Endless fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/0002—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N2201/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads or yarns
    • D06N2201/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • D06N2201/0263—Polyamide fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N2201/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads or yarns
    • D06N2201/08—Inorganic fibres
    • D06N2201/082—Glass fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2101/00—Inorganic fibres
    • D10B2101/02—Inorganic fibres based on oxides or oxide ceramics, e.g. silicates
    • D10B2101/06—Glass
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2101/00—Inorganic fibres
    • D10B2101/20—Metallic fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
    • D10B2331/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3049—Including strand precoated with other than free metal or alloy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3065—Including strand which is of specific structural definition
    • Y10T442/313—Strand material formed of individual filaments having different chemical compositions
    • Y10T442/3138—Including inorganic filament
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3179—Woven fabric is characterized by a particular or differential weave other than fabric in which the strand denier or warp/weft pick count is specified
    • Y10T442/322—Warp differs from weft
    • Y10T442/3228—Materials differ
    • Y10T442/3236—Including inorganic strand material
    • Y10T442/3252—Including synthetic polymeric strand material

Definitions

  • metal mesh belts Prior hereto, metal mesh belts have been employed as dryer belts in textile dryers.
  • the metal belts exhibit poor flex fatigue resistance and track poorly, particularly when run at high speeds.
  • small wire strands break and bend leaving a sharp point which will catch and damage the textile being conveyed.
  • Synthetic belts employed previously have included, for example, fiberglass fabrics coated with polytetrafluoroethylene. These synthetic fabrics generally enjoy short lives as dryer belts, having a relavitely poor resistance to abrasion, relatively low strength and poor tracking ability at high speeds.
  • Open weave nylon Fourdrinier wires have been employed extensively in papermaking, particularly nylon fabrics coated with phenolic-aldehyde resins (see for example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,032,441). Although such fabrics are excellent in terms of their durability and long life they generally have low air permeability and therefore are oflimited value where a high volume of air passage is desired (as is the case of dryer belts for the drying of textiles).
  • the dryer belts fabricated from the fabric of the invention show high temperature resistance, dimensional stability in spite of a very open weave, high air permeability, excellent tracking characteristics at high speeds and a high degree of abrasion resistance. Surprisingly, these advantageous properties are obtained in a fabric product which is substantially lighter and more flexible than fabrics previously employed to fabricate dryer belts. One would not ordinarily expect to obtain longer life and better durability in the lighter dryer belts of the invention. Furthermore, the light weight and better flexibility of dryer belts fabricated from fabrics of the invention provide for easy installation on existing textile dryers. The heavier prior art dryer belts are generally more difficult to install.
  • the invention comprises a high temperature resistant, open weave fabric which comprises; in a leno weave, (i) warp yarns comprising a high temperature resistant polyamide fiber and (ii) crossover yarns which comprise a high temperature resistant polyamide fiber braided over a core selected from glass fiber, metal wire and mixtures thereof; said weave being coated with'a high temperature resistant resin selected from tures thereof.
  • the fabrics of the invention are especially useful as dryer belts and the invention also comprises dryer belts fabricated from the fabrics of the invention.
  • high temperature resistant means an ability to withstand temperatures of from about F. to at least about 350 F. Certain embodi ments of the invention will withstand temperatures of at least about 500 F. without substantial degradation and are preferred for applications where the higher temperature resistance is required.
  • the fabrics of the invention are prepared according to the process of the invention by weaving the warp and crossover yarns in a leno weave and then coating the woven fabric with a high temperature resistant resin composition as specified in greater detail hereinafter.
  • the woven fabric will have an average yarn count of 6 by 5 per square inch.
  • the warp yarns may be any multifilament polyamide yarn prepared for example from fibers of nylons such as nylon 6; nylon 6,6; nylon 6,10; nylon 11 and the like. Particularly preferred for the higher temperature applications are yarns prepared from aromatic polyamides and most preferred are yarns prepared from fibers of the polyamide polymer of m-phenylenediamine and isophthaloyl chloride. Such fibers are well known as is their preparation and the preparation of multifilament yarns therefrom.
  • the warp fibers have a denier in the range of from about 840 to about 1,680 and preferably within the range of from about 840 to about 1,260.
  • the warp yarns advantageously have a breaking strength of between about 40 to about 20 lbs. (min.) and preferably between about 30 to about 25 lbs. (min.).
  • An elongation of between about 10 percent to 7 percent at 3 gms. per denier is most advantageous for polyamide fibers employed in the warp yarns.
  • the crossover yarns are prepared by braiding a polyamide fiber multifilament yarn, such as one within the scope ofthose described above for the warp yarns, over a core material.
  • a polyamide fiber multifilament yarn such as one within the scope ofthose described above for the warp yarns
  • Preferred as the polyamide fiber in the crossover yarn is the fiber obtained from the polyamide polymer of m-phenylenediamine and isophthalyol chloride and most preferred is such polyamide fiber having the breaking strengths, elongation and denier set forth above as advantageous for the warp yarns.
  • the core materials used in the crossover yarns may be glass fibers, individually or in a bundle, such as B glass, E glass and like fibers; metal wire such as chromel R, Rene 41, Halstelloy B, phosphorous bronze and the like; and combinations of the above.
  • Preferred as the core material is a bundle of fiberglass (multiple glass fibers) with a single strand of phosphorous bronze wire. The fabrication of such composite yarns is well known in the art and need not be discussed here.
  • the woven fabric is coated by any conventional means of coating fabrics with a resin such as by dip ping, spraying or doping with a high temperature resistant resin composition hereinafter described.
  • a resin such as by dip ping, spraying or doping with a high temperature resistant resin composition hereinafter described.
  • the coatstability to the fabric by bonding the warp and weft yarns together at the crossover points.
  • the amount of resin applied is generally not critical, however, the fabrics of the invention advantageously are coated with resin in a proportion such that the fabric weight is increased by from about 5 percent to about 100 percent.
  • the fabric of the invention has a weight of which from 2.5 to 50.0 percent comprises resin weight.
  • the proportion of resin is such that the weight of the woven fabric is increased by from about 5 percent to about 30 percent.
  • the preferred fabrics of the invention have a weight of which from 2.5 percent to percent comprises resin weight.
  • the resin coating employed may be any high temperature resistant resin coating composition selected from solutions, mixtures or dispersions of a polyamide, polyimide, polyamide-imide resin and mixtures thereof.
  • the resin coatings employed to make the coated fabrics of the invention are, forexample, the coating compositions of polyamide acids which upon curing yield a polyimide coating or a polyamide-imide coating (see for example U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,179,633; 3,179,634; 3,518,219; 3,541,036; 3,546,152; 3,652,500 and 3,702,788 disclosing such polyimide and polyamide-imide forming coating compositions).
  • Polyamide coating compositions such as nylon coatings are generally well known, such as for example the copolymers of nylon 6, nylon 6,10 and nylon 6,6 dissolved in organic solvents such as aliphatic alcohols and mixtures of aliphatic alcohols with water.
  • Preferred resin coatings for preparing the fabrics of the invention are the polyamide-imide polymers, more particularly described as polytrimellitamides, being prepared by the reaction of aromatic diamines with aryl halide derivatives of trimellitic anyhdrides. The methods of their preparation are well known; see for example the methods of US. Pat. Nos. 3,049,518 and 3,260,691. Coating compositions of the preferred polytrimellitamide are generally well known and are commercially available (see for example the compositions of polytrimellitamide polymer enamel described in US. Pat. No. 3,451,848).
  • silicone compounds may be advantageously applied separately or concurrently with application of the high temperature resistant resin coating to enhance release characteristics of the fabrics of the invention. Such silicone compounds for enhancing release characteristics of synthetic fabrics are well known and are commonly employed in textile finishes.
  • EXAMPLE 1 A. Weaving of Fabric A 2 ply, 1,200 denier continuous filament (weighing circa 0.101 gms. per 30 inches) obtained from a polymer of m-phenylenediamine and isophthaloyl chloride (Nomex, E. I. DuPont de Nemours and Co., Wilmington, Delaware) and comprised of 9.95 twist singles and 9.95 twist ply, the finished yarn having a tenacity of 5 gms. per denier and an elongation of 8 percent at 3 gms.
  • 1,200 denier continuous filament obtained from a polymer of m-phenylenediamine and isophthaloyl chloride (Nomex, E. I. DuPont de Nemours and Co., Wilmington, Delaware) and comprised of 9.95 twist singles and 9.95 twist ply, the finished yarn having a tenacity of 5 gms. per denier and an elongation of 8 percent at 3 gms.
  • the warp yarns are spaced in five groups of two yarns each per inch and woven on inverted doup leno harnesses to produce a half-twist between each crossover yarn insertion.
  • the crossovers are inserted at six yarns per inch.
  • the weight of the woven fabric is about 1.36 ounces per square foot.
  • a treating solution is made by diluting a 30 percent solution of the polytrimellitamide polymer obtained by reaction of p,p-diaminodiphenylmethane with trimellitic anhydride acid chloride in N-methylpyrrolidone (AI 1030, Amoco Chemicals Co., Chicago, Illinois) with sufficient N-methylpyrrolidone to obtain a polymer concentration of about 10 percent by weight.
  • the fabric of Part A, supra is impregnated with the treating solution so as to increase the fabric weight by 10 percent, after drying and curing the resin impregnated fabric. After treatment with the resin solution, the wet fabric is dried for about 15 minutes at a temperature of 400 F. and then cured for about 15 minutes at a temperature of about 450 to 500 F.
  • the coated fabric obtained above is found to have a breaking strength of 245 lbs. per linear inch as determined by the method of ASTM D-1682-64, an elongation of 0.4 percent at 10 lbs. per linear inch loading as determined by ASTM D-1682-64 and an abrasion resistance of 1.95 percent loss of weight after 500 cycles as per ASTM-D-l175-64T (rotary drum method).
  • the fabric has a projected open area of 66.6 percent.
  • a fabric of the invention is prepared having a length of 133.3 feet, a width of 94.5 inches, a weight of 87.9 lbs.; a breaking strength of 245 lbs. per inch (ASTM D-1682- 64) and a projected open area of 66.6 percent.
  • the fabric is joined at the ends by a fold-back pin seam to make an endless conveyor belt.
  • the belt is easily installed in a tenter oven to support knit fabrics during heat setting.
  • the belt operates at speeds of circa yards per minute and at temperatures of between 350400 F.
  • the belt tracks well, shows excellent dimensional stability and is highly resistant to abrasion.
  • the belt shows excellent abrasion resistance on the edges, in contrast to open weave fiberglass belts coated with polytetrafluoroethylene which abrade on the edges while operated under the same conditions.
  • the belt of this example also shows better dimensional stability, strength and track in comparison to the fiberglass belts coated with polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • the belt of this Example 2 shows a better flex fatigue resistance and improved tracking characteristics.
  • a high temperature resistant open weave fabric which comprises:
  • warp yarns comprising a high temperature resistant polyamide fiber and ii. crossover yarns which comprise a high temperature resistant polyamide fiber braided over a core selected from glass fiber, metal wire and mixtures thereof; said wrap yarns and said crossover-yarns of said weave being coated with a high temperature resistant resin selected from polyamides, polyimides, polyamideimides and mixtures thereof.
  • warp yarns are polyamide fibers obtained from polyamide polymers of m-phenylenediamine and isophthalyol chloride.
  • a fabric according to claim 1 wherein the polyamide fiber of said crossover yarns is obtained from the polymer of m-phenylenediamine and isophthalyol chloride and the core of said crossover yarns comprise multiple glass fibers and a single strand of metal wire.
  • a fabric according to claim 5 wherein said resin is the reaction product of p,p'-diaminodiphenylmethane and trimellitic anhydride acid chloride.
  • a fabric according to claim 1 wherein said coating comprises from 2.5 percent to 50 percent of the weight of said fabric.
  • a fabric according to claim 1 wherein said coating comprises from 2.5 percent to 15 percent ofthe weight of said fabric.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)

Abstract

A novel open weave fabric is disclosed which comprises in a leno weave, warp yarns of polyamide fiber and crossover yarns of polyamide fiber braided over a core of glass fibers and/or metal wire. The fabric weave is then finished with a coating of a high temperature resistant resin selected from polyamides, polyimides, polyamide-imide or derivatives thereof. The fabric of the invention is useful for fabricating conveyor belts employed in conveying textiles through dryers and in like applications.

Description

Elite States Patent [1 91 Romanski et al.
[ Mar. 18, 1975 1 NOVEL HIGH TEMPERATURE RESISTANT FABRICS [75] Inventors: Eric R. Romanski, Delmar; J. Drew Horn, Kinderhook; William H. Dutt, Rensselaer, all of NY.
[73] Assignee: Albany International Corporation,
Albany, NY.
22 Filed: Nov. 30, 1973 21 App1.No.:420,431
[52] U.S. Cl. 161/88, 28/74 R, 28/75 R, 4/232, 74/239,161/89, 161/91, 161/92, 161/93,161/175,161/227 [51] Int. Cl. B32b 5/02, D03d 19/00 [58] Field of Search 161/88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 161/93, 175, 227, 146; 28/74 R, 75 R;
117/128, 128.4, 138.8 N, 161 P; 139/383 R,
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,679,677 6/1954 Crandall 161/90 3,595,730 7/1971 Richardson 161/89 Primary Examiner-Marion E. McCamish Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Kane, Dalsimer, Kane, Sullivan & Kurucz [57] ABSTRACT 11 Claims, No Drawings NOVEL HIGH TEMPERATURE RESISTANT FABRICS BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The invention concerns high temperature resistant synthetic fabrics and more particularly concerns a high temperature resistant, coated open weave fabric and dryer belts made therefrom.
2. Description of the Prior Art The requirements for dryer belts have become more and more demanding as the textile industry continues to evolve. The demand for higher temperature drying ovens, faster machine throughputs, and more complete solvent recoveries to meet pollution requirements in the textile industry have' created a demand for dryer belts which will tolerate the more severe conditions without a significant reduction in operating life.
Prior hereto, metal mesh belts have been employed as dryer belts in textile dryers. However, the metal belts exhibit poor flex fatigue resistance and track poorly, particularly when run at high speeds. Also, over a relatively short period of time, small wire strands break and bend leaving a sharp point which will catch and damage the textile being conveyed.
Synthetic belts employed previously have included, for example, fiberglass fabrics coated with polytetrafluoroethylene. These synthetic fabrics generally enjoy short lives as dryer belts, having a relavitely poor resistance to abrasion, relatively low strength and poor tracking ability at high speeds.
Open weave nylon Fourdrinier wires have been employed extensively in papermaking, particularly nylon fabrics coated with phenolic-aldehyde resins (see for example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,032,441). Although such fabrics are excellent in terms of their durability and long life they generally have low air permeability and therefore are oflimited value where a high volume of air passage is desired (as is the case of dryer belts for the drying of textiles).
We have found that a particular open weave, employing particular warp and weft yarns and coated with particular types of resin compositions yield fabrics particularly valuable for dryer belts. The dryer belts fabricated from the fabric of the invention show high temperature resistance, dimensional stability in spite of a very open weave, high air permeability, excellent tracking characteristics at high speeds and a high degree of abrasion resistance. Surprisingly, these advantageous properties are obtained in a fabric product which is substantially lighter and more flexible than fabrics previously employed to fabricate dryer belts. One would not ordinarily expect to obtain longer life and better durability in the lighter dryer belts of the invention. Furthermore, the light weight and better flexibility of dryer belts fabricated from fabrics of the invention provide for easy installation on existing textile dryers. The heavier prior art dryer belts are generally more difficult to install.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The invention comprises a high temperature resistant, open weave fabric which comprises; in a leno weave, (i) warp yarns comprising a high temperature resistant polyamide fiber and (ii) crossover yarns which comprise a high temperature resistant polyamide fiber braided over a core selected from glass fiber, metal wire and mixtures thereof; said weave being coated with'a high temperature resistant resin selected from tures thereof. The fabrics of the invention are especially useful as dryer belts and the invention also comprises dryer belts fabricated from the fabrics of the invention.
The term high temperature resistant" as used herein means an ability to withstand temperatures of from about F. to at least about 350 F. Certain embodi ments of the invention will withstand temperatures of at least about 500 F. without substantial degradation and are preferred for applications where the higher temperature resistance is required.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The fabrics of the invention are prepared according to the process of the invention by weaving the warp and crossover yarns in a leno weave and then coating the woven fabric with a high temperature resistant resin composition as specified in greater detail hereinafter. The woven fabric will have an average yarn count of 6 by 5 per square inch.
The warp yarns may be any multifilament polyamide yarn prepared for example from fibers of nylons such as nylon 6; nylon 6,6; nylon 6,10; nylon 11 and the like. Particularly preferred for the higher temperature applications are yarns prepared from aromatic polyamides and most preferred are yarns prepared from fibers of the polyamide polymer of m-phenylenediamine and isophthaloyl chloride. Such fibers are well known as is their preparation and the preparation of multifilament yarns therefrom.
In general, the warp fibers have a denier in the range of from about 840 to about 1,680 and preferably within the range of from about 840 to about 1,260. The warp yarns advantageously have a breaking strength of between about 40 to about 20 lbs. (min.) and preferably between about 30 to about 25 lbs. (min.). An elongation of between about 10 percent to 7 percent at 3 gms. per denier is most advantageous for polyamide fibers employed in the warp yarns.
The crossover yarns are prepared by braiding a polyamide fiber multifilament yarn, such as one within the scope ofthose described above for the warp yarns, over a core material. Preferred as the polyamide fiber in the crossover yarn is the fiber obtained from the polyamide polymer of m-phenylenediamine and isophthalyol chloride and most preferred is such polyamide fiber having the breaking strengths, elongation and denier set forth above as advantageous for the warp yarns.
The core materials used in the crossover yarns may be glass fibers, individually or in a bundle, such as B glass, E glass and like fibers; metal wire such as chromel R, Rene 41, Halstelloy B, phosphorous bronze and the like; and combinations of the above. Preferred as the core material is a bundle of fiberglass (multiple glass fibers) with a single strand of phosphorous bronze wire. The fabrication of such composite yarns is well known in the art and need not be discussed here.
The woven fabric is coated by any conventional means of coating fabrics with a resin such as by dip ping, spraying or doping with a high temperature resistant resin composition hereinafter described. The coatstability to the fabric by bonding the warp and weft yarns together at the crossover points.
The amount of resin applied is generally not critical, however, the fabrics of the invention advantageously are coated with resin in a proportion such that the fabric weight is increased by from about 5 percent to about 100 percent. Thus, the fabric of the invention has a weight of which from 2.5 to 50.0 percent comprises resin weight. Preferably the proportion of resin is such that the weight of the woven fabric is increased by from about 5 percent to about 30 percent. Thus, the preferred fabrics of the invention have a weight of which from 2.5 percent to percent comprises resin weight.
The resin coating employed may be any high temperature resistant resin coating composition selected from solutions, mixtures or dispersions of a polyamide, polyimide, polyamide-imide resin and mixtures thereof.
More specific examples of the resin coatings employed to make the coated fabrics of the invention are, forexample, the coating compositions of polyamide acids which upon curing yield a polyimide coating or a polyamide-imide coating (see for example U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,179,633; 3,179,634; 3,518,219; 3,541,036; 3,546,152; 3,652,500 and 3,702,788 disclosing such polyimide and polyamide-imide forming coating compositions).
Polyamide coating compositions such as nylon coatings are generally well known, such as for example the copolymers of nylon 6, nylon 6,10 and nylon 6,6 dissolved in organic solvents such as aliphatic alcohols and mixtures of aliphatic alcohols with water.
Preferred resin coatings for preparing the fabrics of the invention are the polyamide-imide polymers, more particularly described as polytrimellitamides, being prepared by the reaction of aromatic diamines with aryl halide derivatives of trimellitic anyhdrides. The methods of their preparation are well known; see for example the methods of US. Pat. Nos. 3,049,518 and 3,260,691. Coating compositions of the preferred polytrimellitamide are generally well known and are commercially available (see for example the compositions of polytrimellitamide polymer enamel described in US. Pat. No. 3,451,848).
In addition to the high temperature resistant resin applied as a coating to the woven fabric, other conventionally employed coating materials may be applied concurrently with the high temperature resin or in a separate treatment. For example, silicone compounds may be advantageously applied separately or concurrently with application of the high temperature resistant resin coating to enhance release characteristics of the fabrics of the invention. Such silicone compounds for enhancing release characteristics of synthetic fabrics are well known and are commonly employed in textile finishes.
The following examples describe the manner and process of making and using the invention and set forth the best mode contemplated by the inventors of carrying out the invention, but are not to be construed as limiting.
EXAMPLE 1 A. Weaving of Fabric A 2 ply, 1,200 denier continuous filament (weighing circa 0.101 gms. per 30 inches) obtained from a polymer of m-phenylenediamine and isophthaloyl chloride (Nomex, E. I. DuPont de Nemours and Co., Wilmington, Delaware) and comprised of 9.95 twist singles and 9.95 twist ply, the finished yarn having a tenacity of 5 gms. per denier and an elongation of 8 percent at 3 gms. per denier and a weight of 397 grams per 100 yards, is woven as the warp with a filling yarn of 4 end braid of 1,200 denier continuous filament obtained from the same yarn described above for the warp, braided over a core consisting of a bundle /1 fiberglass with a single strand of 0.008 inch diameter phosphorous bronze wire. The warp yarns are spaced in five groups of two yarns each per inch and woven on inverted doup leno harnesses to produce a half-twist between each crossover yarn insertion. The crossovers are inserted at six yarns per inch. The weight of the woven fabric is about 1.36 ounces per square foot.
B. Coating of the Fabric A treating solution is made by diluting a 30 percent solution of the polytrimellitamide polymer obtained by reaction of p,p-diaminodiphenylmethane with trimellitic anhydride acid chloride in N-methylpyrrolidone (AI 1030, Amoco Chemicals Co., Chicago, Illinois) with sufficient N-methylpyrrolidone to obtain a polymer concentration of about 10 percent by weight. The fabric of Part A, supra, is impregnated with the treating solution so as to increase the fabric weight by 10 percent, after drying and curing the resin impregnated fabric. After treatment with the resin solution, the wet fabric is dried for about 15 minutes at a temperature of 400 F. and then cured for about 15 minutes at a temperature of about 450 to 500 F.
The coated fabric obtained above is found to have a breaking strength of 245 lbs. per linear inch as determined by the method of ASTM D-1682-64, an elongation of 0.4 percent at 10 lbs. per linear inch loading as determined by ASTM D-1682-64 and an abrasion resistance of 1.95 percent loss of weight after 500 cycles as per ASTM-D-l175-64T (rotary drum method). The fabric has a projected open area of 66.6 percent.
EXAMPLE 2 Following the procedure of Example 1, supra, a fabric of the invention is prepared having a length of 133.3 feet, a width of 94.5 inches, a weight of 87.9 lbs.; a breaking strength of 245 lbs. per inch (ASTM D-1682- 64) and a projected open area of 66.6 percent. The fabric is joined at the ends by a fold-back pin seam to make an endless conveyor belt. The belt is easily installed in a tenter oven to support knit fabrics during heat setting. The belt operates at speeds of circa yards per minute and at temperatures of between 350400 F. The belt tracks well, shows excellent dimensional stability and is highly resistant to abrasion. In particular, the belt shows excellent abrasion resistance on the edges, in contrast to open weave fiberglass belts coated with polytetrafluoroethylene which abrade on the edges while operated under the same conditions. The belt of this example also shows better dimensional stability, strength and track in comparison to the fiberglass belts coated with polytetrafluoroethylene. In comparison to a stainless steel wire belt, the belt of this Example 2 shows a better flex fatigue resistance and improved tracking characteristics.
What is claimed is:
l. A high temperature resistant open weave fabric which comprises:
in a leno weave,
i. warp yarns comprising a high temperature resistant polyamide fiber and ii. crossover yarns which comprise a high temperature resistant polyamide fiber braided over a core selected from glass fiber, metal wire and mixtures thereof; said wrap yarns and said crossover-yarns of said weave being coated with a high temperature resistant resin selected from polyamides, polyimides, polyamideimides and mixtures thereof.
2. A fabric according to claim 1 wherein said warp yarns are polyamide fibers obtained from polyamide polymers of m-phenylenediamine and isophthalyol chloride.
3. A fabric according to claim 1 wherein the polyamide fiber of said crossover yarns is obtained from the polymer of m-phenylenediamine and isophthalyol chloride and the core of said crossover yarns comprise multiple glass fibers and a single strand of metal wire.
4. A fabric according to claim 3 wherein said metal wire is a phosphorous bronze wire.
5. A fabric according to claim 1 wherein said resin is a polyamide-imide.
6. A fabric according to claim 5 wherein said resin is a polytrimellitamide.
7. A fabric according to claim 5 wherein said resin is the reaction product of p,p'-diaminodiphenylmethane and trimellitic anhydride acid chloride.
8. A fabric according to claim 1 wherein said coating comprises from 2.5 percent to 50 percent of the weight of said fabric.
9. A fabric according to claim 1 wherein said coating comprises from 2.5 percent to 15 percent ofthe weight of said fabric.
10. A fabric according to claim I wherein said polyamide fibers (i) and (ii) have a denier of from about 840 to about 1,680, a breaking strength of between about 40 to about 20 lbs. (min.) and an elongation of iv. the ends thereof joined together.
l l l

Claims (11)

1. A HIGH TEMPERATURE RESISTANT OPEN WEAVE FABRIC WHICH COMPRISES: IN A LENO WEAVE, I. WARP YARNS COMPRISING A HIGH TEMPERATURE RESISTANT POLYAMIDE FIBER AND II. CROSSOVER YARNS WHICH COMPRISE A HIGH TEMPERATURE RESISTANT POLYAMIDE FIBER BRAIDED OVER A CURE SELECTED FROM GLASS FIBER, METAL WITE AND MIXTURES THEREOF; SAID WRAP YARNS AND SAID CROSSOVER YARNS OF SAID WEAVE BEING COATED WITH A HIGH TEMPERATURE RESISTANT RESIN SELECTED FROM POLYAMIDES, POLYIMIDES, POLYAMIDEIMIDES AND MIXTURE THEREOF.
2. A fabric according to claim 1 wherein said warp yarns are polyamide fibers obtained from polyamide polymers of m-phenylenediamine and isophthalyol chloride.
3. A fabric according to claim 1 wherein the polyamide fiber of said crossover yarns is obtained from the polymer of m-phenylenediamine and isophthalyol chloride and the core of said crossover yarns comprise multiple glass fibers and a single strand of metal wire.
4. A fabric according to claim 3 wherein said metal wire is a phosphorous bronze wire.
5. A fabric according to clAim 1 wherein said resin is a polyamide-imide.
6. A fabric according to claim 5 wherein said resin is a polytrimellitamide.
7. A fabric according to claim 5 wherein said resin is the reaction product of p,p''-diaminodiphenylmethane and trimellitic anhydride acid chloride.
8. A fabric according to claim 1 wherein said coating comprises from 2.5 percent to 50 percent of the weight of said fabric.
9. A fabric according to claim 1 wherein said coating comprises from 2.5 percent to 15 percent of the weight of said fabric.
10. A fabric according to claim 1 wherein said polyamide fibers (i) and (ii) have a denier of from about 840 to about 1,680, a breaking strength of between about 40 to about 20 lbs. (min.) and an elongation of between about 10 percent to 7 percent at 3 gms. per denier.
11. An endless dryer belt which comprises a high temperature resistant leno weave fabric having i. warp yarns comprising a high temperature resistant polyamide fiber; ii. crossover yarns which comprise a high temperature resistant polyamide fiber braided over a core selected from glass fiber, metal wire and mixtures thereof; iii. a coating on said warp yarns and said crossover yarns of a high temperature resistant resin selected from polyamides, polyimides, polyamides-imides and mixtures thereof; and iv. the ends thereof joined together.
US420431A 1973-11-30 1973-11-30 Novel high temperature resistant fabrics Expired - Lifetime US3871946A (en)

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US420431A US3871946A (en) 1973-11-30 1973-11-30 Novel high temperature resistant fabrics
FR747429266A FR2253112B1 (en) 1973-11-30 1974-08-27
BE148113A BE819426A (en) 1973-11-30 1974-08-30 DOUBLE-BREASTED FABRIC FOR DRYER BELTS
GB3820474A GB1447447A (en) 1973-11-30 1974-09-02 Woven fabric
JP49130076A JPS5855279B2 (en) 1973-11-30 1974-11-13 endless dryer belt
IT29628/74A IT1025850B (en) 1973-11-30 1974-11-20 HIGH TEMPERATURE RESISTANT SYNTHETIC FABRICS IN PARTICULAR A HIGH TEMPERATURE RESISTANT FABRIC COATED WITH OPEN ARMATURE AND DRYER BELTS MADE WITH THE SAME OILS
NL7415370A NL7415370A (en) 1973-11-30 1974-11-25 A HIGH TEMPERATURE RESISTANT OPEN WEAVE DRYING BELT WITHOUT END.
DE19742456669 DE2456669A1 (en) 1973-11-30 1974-11-30 HIGH TEMPERATURE RESISTANT FABRIC
US05/552,765 US4015038A (en) 1973-11-30 1975-02-24 Novel high temperature resistant fabrics
GB3849475A GB1481400A (en) 1973-11-30 1975-09-19 Temperature resistant fabrics and dryer belts made therefrom
FR7536042A FR2301617A2 (en) 1973-11-30 1975-11-25 LOCKED FABRICS FOR DRYER BELTS
NL7514486A NL7514486A (en) 1973-11-30 1975-12-11 HIGH PERFORMANCE TEMPERATURE-RESISTANT OPEN-WEAVE FABRIC.

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US4015038A (en) * 1973-11-30 1977-03-29 Albany International Corporation Novel high temperature resistant fabrics
US4119030A (en) * 1976-07-13 1978-10-10 Takaji Funahashi Endless printing belt for rotary rubber stamp
US4184589A (en) * 1977-04-28 1980-01-22 Habasit Ag Dimensionally stable synthetic conveyor belt
US4257221A (en) * 1977-11-21 1981-03-24 Feinberg Arthur L Fire resistant fiber blend
US4202382A (en) * 1978-06-13 1980-05-13 Scapa Dryers, Inc. Dryer felts
US4432744A (en) * 1980-09-26 1984-02-21 Mitsuboshi Belting Ltd. Power transmission belt
US4481051A (en) * 1980-09-26 1984-11-06 Mitsuboshi Belting Ltd. Power transmission belt manufacture
EP0074681A1 (en) * 1981-09-10 1983-03-23 Forbo-Krommenie B.V. A floor covering
US5070540A (en) * 1983-03-11 1991-12-10 Bettcher Industries, Inc. Protective garment
US4740192A (en) * 1985-06-03 1988-04-26 Mitsuboshi Belting Ltd. Power transmission belt
USRE38136E1 (en) 1985-08-16 2003-06-10 Supreme Elastic Corporation Cut resistant support yarn suitable for wrapping with an additional yarn covering
US5655358A (en) * 1985-08-16 1997-08-12 Kolmes; Nathaniel H. Cut resistant support yarn suitable for wrapping with an additional yarn covering
US6279305B1 (en) 1985-10-17 2001-08-28 Wells Lamont Industry Group, Inc. Knittable yarn and safety apparel
US6826898B1 (en) 1985-10-17 2004-12-07 Wells Lamont Industry Group Knittable yarn and safety apparel
US5484642A (en) * 1986-11-05 1996-01-16 Brochier S.A. Textile material useful for producing composite laminated articles by injection molding
US5224363A (en) * 1988-12-16 1993-07-06 Golden Needles Knitting & Glove Co., Inc. Method of making garment, garment, and strand material
US5113532A (en) * 1988-12-16 1992-05-19 Golden Needles Knitting & Glove Co., Inc. Method of making garment, garment and strand material
US5268221A (en) * 1990-02-23 1993-12-07 Bando Chemical Industries, Ltd. Fiber reinforced rubber articles
US5112282A (en) * 1990-12-27 1992-05-12 The Gates Rubber Company High temperature polyurethane belt
US5454403A (en) * 1993-02-03 1995-10-03 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secrtary Of The Air Force Weaving method for continuous fiber composites
US5697491A (en) * 1993-11-30 1997-12-16 Elf Atochem S.A. Food conveyor belts
US5752550A (en) * 1996-02-08 1998-05-19 Gividi Italia S.P.A. Warpwise unidirectional glass fabric with leno binding threads
US5822791A (en) * 1996-06-24 1998-10-20 Whizard Protective Wear Corp Protective material and method
US5897929A (en) * 1997-12-01 1999-04-27 Milliken & Company Polyamide coated airbag fabric
US5945186A (en) * 1997-12-01 1999-08-31 Milliken Research Corporation Airbag fabric coated with a porosity blocking cross-linked elastomeric resin
US20040089520A1 (en) * 2002-03-12 2004-05-13 Lam Research Corporation Reinforced chemical mechanical planarization belt
US6666326B2 (en) * 2002-03-12 2003-12-23 Lam Research Corporation Reinforced chemical mechanical planarization belt
US20080201998A1 (en) * 2005-01-27 2008-08-28 Maria-Dolores Serra Teixido Conveyor And Suction Band For Industrial Drying, Ironing And Folding Machines And Production Method Thereof
US7866069B2 (en) * 2005-01-27 2011-01-11 Maria-Dolores Serra Teixido Conveyor and suction band for industrial drying, ironing and folding machines and production method thereof
US20070224422A1 (en) * 2006-03-25 2007-09-27 Youssef Fakhreddine Colorfast dyed poly ether imide articles including fiber
US20080006970A1 (en) * 2006-07-10 2008-01-10 General Electric Company Filtered polyetherimide polymer for use as a high heat fiber material
US20100048853A1 (en) * 2006-07-10 2010-02-25 Sabic Innovative Plastics, Ip B.V. Polyetherimide polymer for use as a high heat fiber material
US8940209B2 (en) 2006-07-10 2015-01-27 Sabic Global Technologies B.V. Polyetherimide polymer for use as a high heat fiber material
US20080012170A1 (en) * 2006-07-14 2008-01-17 General Electric Company Process for making a high heat polymer fiber
US9416465B2 (en) 2006-07-14 2016-08-16 Sabic Global Technologies B.V. Process for making a high heat polymer fiber
US8783448B2 (en) * 2011-04-01 2014-07-22 Susumu Shoji Conveyer belt and apparatus
FR2996617A1 (en) * 2012-10-08 2014-04-11 Hutchinson POWER TRANSMISSION BELT WITH THERMOPLASTIC FILM COMPRISING A SILICONE ELASTOMER.
WO2014056892A1 (en) * 2012-10-08 2014-04-17 Hutchinson Power transmission belt with thermoplastic film containing a silicone elastomer
US9568070B2 (en) 2012-10-08 2017-02-14 Hutchinson Power transmission belt with thermoplastic film containing a silicone elastomer
CN103451814A (en) * 2013-08-29 2013-12-18 苏州宏优纺织有限公司 High-temperature-resistant copper ammonia fiber fabric
CN105150641A (en) * 2015-06-24 2015-12-16 深圳市中盛丽达贸易有限公司 Super-warm clothing material

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IT1025850B (en) 1978-08-30
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NL7415370A (en) 1975-06-03
FR2253112A1 (en) 1975-06-27
JPS5855279B2 (en) 1983-12-08
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