US3850791A - Asbestos-based friction material - Google Patents

Asbestos-based friction material Download PDF

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US3850791A
US3850791A US00453103A US45310374A US3850791A US 3850791 A US3850791 A US 3850791A US 00453103 A US00453103 A US 00453103A US 45310374 A US45310374 A US 45310374A US 3850791 A US3850791 A US 3850791A
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weight
paper
asbestos
board
friction material
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US00453103A
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M Guittard
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Federal Mogul Friction Products Ltd
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Ferodo Ltd
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
    • D21H13/36—Inorganic fibres or flakes
    • D21H13/38—Inorganic fibres or flakes siliceous
    • D21H13/42—Asbestos
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H5/00—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for
    • D21H5/12—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for characterised by the use of special fibrous materials
    • D21H5/18—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for characterised by the use of special fibrous materials of inorganic fibres with or without cellulose fibres
    • D21H5/183—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for characterised by the use of special fibrous materials of inorganic fibres with or without cellulose fibres of asbestos fibres
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
    • F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
    • F16D69/021—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing containing asbestos
    • F16D69/022—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing containing asbestos in the form of fibres

Definitions

  • An asbestos-based paper or board material has a 1ibrous component which includes from 0.8 to by weight of amosite asbestos and 6 to 96% by weight of chrysotile asbestos, based on the total weight of the material, and is particularly useful for the manufacture of friction materials comprising from 20 to by weight of a bonding agent and from 60 to by weight of the asbestos-based paper or board material.
  • the paper may additionally comprise organic fibre and inorganic filler other than asbestos.
  • This invention relates to asbestos-based paper materials and composites produced therefrom.
  • the presentinvention provides an asbestos-based paper or board material having a fibrous component which includes from 0.8 to 25% by weight (based on the total weight of the paper or board material) of amosite asbestos.
  • amosite asbestos fibres within the range specified (and more particularly within the preferred ranges specified) facilitates the preparation of the paper or board by improving the speed of filtration of the water content ofthe slurry from which the paper or board is produced.
  • amosite asbestos makes it possibleto obtain paper or board having higher permeability than similar materials without amosite; this improved permeability is also a property of friction materials made from the paper or board.
  • the improvements achieved become really perceptible when the amount of amosite is approximately 2% by weight, and in the majority of applications no further advantage is obtained by using more than 20%.
  • the paper material contains from 2 to 20%, and more preferably from 2 to less than by weight of amosite asbestos.
  • Use of more than 10% of amosite leads to risk of formation of knots, fibrous fluff or other irregularities in the paper or board structure.
  • the high permeability is retained when the fibrous component also includes chrysotile asbestos.
  • the presence thereof makes it possible to increase the resistance to tearing of the paper or board.
  • the composition or slurry from which the board or paper is made contains, by weight, from three to seven times more chrysotile asbestos than amosite asbestos. That is, the paper or board preferably contains from 6 to 96% by weight chrysotile asbestos, more preferably from 39 to 51%, in addition to the amosite asbestos.
  • the paper or board may contain from 0 to 90% by weight of organic fibre, for example a cellulosic fibre, such as sulphite cellulose and preferably from 35 to and it may additionally contain from 0 to 20% by weight of a filler, more. preferably from 5 to 10% by weight of an inorganic filler, other than asbestos.
  • organic fibre for example a cellulosic fibre, such as sulphite cellulose and preferably from 35 to and it may additionally contain from 0 to 20% by weight of a filler, more. preferably from 5 to 10% by weight of an inorganic filler, other than asbestos.
  • the present invention also provides a friction material comprising from 60 to 80% by weight of an amosite asbestos-based paper as aforesaid, and from 20 to 40% by weight of a bonding agent.
  • the friction material preferably contains from 1.2 to 16% by weight of amosite, more preferably from 3 to 10%; it preferably comprises from 20 to by weight in total of fibrous component, more preferably from 55 to 65%, from 20 to 40% by weight of bonding agent and less than 20% by weight of filler, more preferably from 5 -to 12%.
  • the preferred bonding agent is a phenol formaldehyde resin. 5
  • Friction material according to this invention at least inits preferred aspects, has better performance than hitherto available friction materials.
  • friction linings for use in automatic transmissions in the preferred aspects of this invention, have smoother engagement characteristics, owing to the higher permeability of such linings.
  • Example 1 4 parts of amosite AM3C fibre, 25 parts of chrysotile 5D, 34 parts of sulphite cellulose, 6 parts of coke and 6 parts of zinc oxide were formed into a 2% by weight aqueous slurry, and the slurry was cast, filtered and dried to form a paper, the filtration time being considerably shorter than for a similar slurry from which amosite was absent.
  • the paper were impregnated with a varnish comprising a solution of 25 parts of a phenol formaldehyde resin in alcohol, and the varnish impregnated paper was dried to form a friction lining material whichexhibited excellent properties in operation. Firstly, it was easily cooled by the liquid in an automatic transmission, thus ensuring dissipation of heat, and secondly, the friction properties were excellent.
  • Example 2 By the same method as described in Example 1, a paper was made, comprising:
  • Example 3 By the same method as described in Example 1, a paper was made comprising:
  • a friction material comprising a paper or board material impregnated with a synthetic thermoset resin, wherein said paper or board material constitutes from 60 to 80% by weight of the friction material and said resin constitutes from 20 to 40% by weight of the friction material, and said paper or board material consists essentially of a. from 2 to 20% by weight (based on the weight of said paper or board material) of amosite asbestos;
  • a friction material according to claim 1 consisting essentially of i. a paper material constituted by a. about 4% by weight of amosite asbestos (based on the weight of the paper material) b. about 25% by weight of chrysotile asbestos; 0. about 34% by weight of cellulosic fibre; (1. about 6% by weight of coke and 6% by weight of Zinc oxide, said paper material being impregnated with ii. about 25% by weight phenol formaldehyde, based on the weight of the friction material.
  • a friction material according to claim 1 consisting essentially of i. a paper material constituted by a. about 8% by weight (based on the total weight of the paper material) of amosite asbestos, b. about 30% by weight chrysotile asbestos, 0. about 23% by weight cellulosic fibre, and d. about 4% by weight mica and 4% by weight silica, said paper material being impregnated with ii. about 30% by weight of phenol formaldehyde resin based on the weight of the friction material.
  • a friction material according to claim 1 consisting essentially of i. a paper material constituted by a. about 6% by weight (based on the total weight of the paper material) of amosite asbestos. b. about 23% by weight of chrysotile asbestos, c. about 30% by weight of cellulosic fibre, and d. about 2% by weight ofmica, about 2% by weight of iron oxide and about 2% by weight of lime, said paper material being impregnated with about 35% by weight, based on the weight of the friction material,

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)

Abstract

An asbestos-based paper or board material has a fibrous component which includes from 0.8 to 25% by weight of amosite asbestos and 6 to 96% by weight of chrysotile asbestos, based on the total weight of the material, and is particularly useful for the manufacture of friction materials comprising from 20 to 40% by weight of a bonding agent and from 60 to 80% by weight of the asbestos-based paper or board material. The paper may additionally comprise organic fibre and inorganic filler other than asbestos.

Description

United States Patent [191 Guittard Nov. 26, 1974 1 ASBESTOS-BASED FRICTION MATERIAL [75] Inventor: Michael R. Guittard, Courbevois,
[21] Appl. No.: 453,103
Related US. Application Data [63 Continuation-impart of Ser. No. 326,480, Jan. 24,
1973, abandoned.
[52] US. Cl 162/145, 162/153, 162/155, 188/251 A, 192/107 M [51] Int. Cl D2lh 5/18 [58] Field of Search 162/153,155,145,146; 192/107 M; 188/251 R, 251 A [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,083,989 6/1937 Eisenhardt 188/251 A 2,702,770 2/1955 Steck 192/107 M 2,747,994 5/1956 Hoopes 162/145 2,940,893 6/1960 Feigley et a1. 162/155 2,954,853 10/1960 Maierson et a1. 192/107 M X 3,270,846 9/1966 Arledter et a1. .4 162/145 X 3,365,041 1/1968 Stormfeltz 192/107 M 3,554,860 1/1971 Lacroix 162/145 3,554,861 1/1971 Ermenc et a1. 162/153 3,647,722 3/1972 Albcrtson et a1 192/107 M X 3,692,509 9/1972 Breiner 162/153 Primary Examiner-S, Leon Bashore Assistant EXlIIi'l/Htl'A1'thUl' L. Corbin Attorney, Agent, or FirmCushman, Darby & Cushman [57] ABSTRACT An asbestos-based paper or board material has a 1ibrous component which includes from 0.8 to by weight of amosite asbestos and 6 to 96% by weight of chrysotile asbestos, based on the total weight of the material, and is particularly useful for the manufacture of friction materials comprising from 20 to by weight of a bonding agent and from 60 to by weight of the asbestos-based paper or board material. The paper may additionally comprise organic fibre and inorganic filler other than asbestos.
8 Claims, No Drawings CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION This application is a continuation-impart of my earlier copending application Ser. No. 326,480 filed Jan. 24, 1973, now abandoned.
This invention relates to asbestos-based paper materials and composites produced therefrom.
It is known to produce asbestos paper and board from chrysotile or anthophylite asbestos in admixture with other fibrous and particulate materials. Such papers and boards are impregnated with a suitable bonding agent, for use as friction linings and other friction materials.
When such linings are intended to operate in a liquid medium such as oil, for example, it is essential that they should have high permeability whilst still retaining a high coefficient of friction under operating conditions.
Presently produced asbestos-based papers and friction materials made therefrom are, in general, consid ered satisfactory, although much effort continues to be expended in developing improved materials with a view to improving the manufacture and/or properties.
It has now been found that improved asbestos-based papers and friction materials made therefrom can be provided if certain selected quantities of amosite asbestos are used to replace in whole or in part the previously used forms ofasbestos.
Accordingly. the presentinvention provides an asbestos-based paper or board material having a fibrous component which includes from 0.8 to 25% by weight (based on the total weight of the paper or board material) of amosite asbestos.
The use of amosite asbestos fibres within the range specified (and more particularly within the preferred ranges specified) facilitates the preparation of the paper or board by improving the speed of filtration of the water content ofthe slurry from which the paper or board is produced. In addition, it is found that the use ofamosite asbestos makes it possibleto obtain paper or board having higher permeability than similar materials without amosite; this improved permeability is also a property of friction materials made from the paper or board. The improvements achieved become really perceptible when the amount of amosite is approximately 2% by weight, and in the majority of applications no further advantage is obtained by using more than 20%.
Preferably, therefore, the paper material contains from 2 to 20%, and more preferably from 2 to less than by weight of amosite asbestos. Use of more than 10% of amosite leads to risk of formation of knots, fibrous fluff or other irregularities in the paper or board structure. I
It has been found that the high permeability is retained when the fibrous component also includes chrysotile asbestos. The presence thereof makes it possible to increase the resistance to tearing of the paper or board.
In order to obtain the full advantage of the mechanical properties conferred by chrysotile asbestos, it is advisable to open" the fibres, for which the use of chemical dispersing agents is widely used. We have found that the presence of amosite asbestos in a composition containing chrysotile asbestos has the effect of opening the chrysotile asbestos, even in the absence of a dispersing agent, although it is still preferred to use a dispersing agent for the purposes of this invention.
The above advantages are exhibited at their best when the composition or slurry from which the board or paper is made (and hence the board or paper itself) contains, by weight, from three to seven times more chrysotile asbestos than amosite asbestos. That is, the paper or board preferably contains from 6 to 96% by weight chrysotile asbestos, more preferably from 39 to 51%, in addition to the amosite asbestos.
The paper or board may contain from 0 to 90% by weight of organic fibre, for example a cellulosic fibre, such as sulphite cellulose and preferably from 35 to and it may additionally contain from 0 to 20% by weight of a filler, more. preferably from 5 to 10% by weight of an inorganic filler, other than asbestos.
The present invention also provides a friction material comprising from 60 to 80% by weight of an amosite asbestos-based paper as aforesaid, and from 20 to 40% by weight of a bonding agent.
The friction material preferably contains from 1.2 to 16% by weight of amosite, more preferably from 3 to 10%; it preferably comprises from 20 to by weight in total of fibrous component, more preferably from 55 to 65%, from 20 to 40% by weight of bonding agent and less than 20% by weight of filler, more preferably from 5 -to 12%. The preferred bonding agent is a phenol formaldehyde resin. 5
Friction material according to this invention, at least inits preferred aspects, has better performance than hitherto available friction materials. For example, friction linings for use in automatic transmissions, in the preferred aspects of this invention, have smoother engagement characteristics, owing to the higher permeability of such linings.
The following examples are given to illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention, parts" being parts by weight.
Example 1 4 parts of amosite AM3C fibre, 25 parts of chrysotile 5D, 34 parts of sulphite cellulose, 6 parts of coke and 6 parts of zinc oxide were formed into a 2% by weight aqueous slurry, and the slurry was cast, filtered and dried to form a paper, the filtration time being considerably shorter than for a similar slurry from which amosite was absent.
parts of the paper were impregnated with a varnish comprising a solution of 25 parts of a phenol formaldehyde resin in alcohol, and the varnish impregnated paper was dried to form a friction lining material whichexhibited excellent properties in operation. Firstly, it was easily cooled by the liquid in an automatic transmission, thus ensuring dissipation of heat, and secondly, the friction properties were excellent.
Example 2 By the same method as described in Example 1, a paper was made, comprising:
Amosite AMBC 8 parts Chrysotile 5D 30 parts Sulphite Cellulose 23 parts Mica 4 parts Silica 4 parts and 70 parts of this paper were impregnated with 30 parts of phenol formaldehyde resin to form a friction lining having properties substantially equivalent to those of the material produced by Example 1.
Example 3 By the same method as described in Example 1, a paper was made comprising:
Amosite AM3C 6 parts Chrysotile D 23 parts Sulphite Cellulose 30 parts Mica 2 parts Iron Oxide 2 parts Lime 2 parts and 65 parts of this paper were impregnated with 35 parts of phenol-formaldehyde resin to produce a friction lining material having properties substantially equivalent to those of the material of Example 1.
I claim:
1. A friction material comprising a paper or board material impregnated with a synthetic thermoset resin, wherein said paper or board material constitutes from 60 to 80% by weight of the friction material and said resin constitutes from 20 to 40% by weight of the friction material, and said paper or board material consists essentially of a. from 2 to 20% by weight (based on the weight of said paper or board material) of amosite asbestos;
b. from 6 to 96% by weight of chrysotile asbestos; c. from 0 to 90% by weight of an organic fibre; and
d. from 0 to 20% by weight of an inorganic filler other than asbestos.
2. A friction material according to claim 1, wherein said paper or board material contains less than by weight of amosite asbestos, based on the total weight of the paper or board material.
3. A friction material according to claim 1, wherein said paper or board material contains from 39 to 51% by weight of chrysotile asbestos, based on the total weight of the paper or board material.
4. A friction material according to claim 1, wherein said paper or board material contains from 35 to 60% by weight of organic fibre, based on the total weight of the paper or board material.
5. A friction material according to claim 1, wherein said paper or board material contains from 5 to 10% by weight of said filler, based on the total weight of said paper or board material.
6. A friction material according to claim 1, consisting essentially of i. a paper material constituted by a. about 4% by weight of amosite asbestos (based on the weight of the paper material) b. about 25% by weight of chrysotile asbestos; 0. about 34% by weight of cellulosic fibre; (1. about 6% by weight of coke and 6% by weight of Zinc oxide, said paper material being impregnated with ii. about 25% by weight phenol formaldehyde, based on the weight of the friction material.
7. A friction material according to claim 1, consisting essentially of i. a paper material constituted by a. about 8% by weight (based on the total weight of the paper material) of amosite asbestos, b. about 30% by weight chrysotile asbestos, 0. about 23% by weight cellulosic fibre, and d. about 4% by weight mica and 4% by weight silica, said paper material being impregnated with ii. about 30% by weight of phenol formaldehyde resin based on the weight of the friction material.
8. A friction material according to claim 1, consisting essentially of i. a paper material constituted by a. about 6% by weight (based on the total weight of the paper material) of amosite asbestos. b. about 23% by weight of chrysotile asbestos, c. about 30% by weight of cellulosic fibre, and d. about 2% by weight ofmica, about 2% by weight of iron oxide and about 2% by weight of lime, said paper material being impregnated with about 35% by weight, based on the weight of the friction material,
of phenol-formaldehyde resin.

Claims (8)

1. A FRICTION MATERIAL COMPRISING A PAPER OR BOARD MATERIAL IMPREGNATED WITH A SYNTHETIC THERMOSET RESIN, WHEREIN SAID PAPER OR BOARD MATERIAL CONSTITUTES FROM 60 TO 80% BY WEIGHT OF THE FRICTION MATERIAL AND SAID RESIN CONSTITUTES FROM 20 TO 40% BY WEIGHT OF THE FRICTION MATERIAL, AND SAID PAPER OR BOARD MATERIAL CONSISTS ESSENTIALLY OF A. FROM 2 TO 20% BY WEIGHT (BASED ON THE WEIGHT OF SAID PAPER OR BOARD MATERIAL) OF AMOSITE ASBESTOS; B. FROM 6 TO 96% BY WEIGHT OF CHRYSOTILE ASBESTOS; C. FROM 0 TO 90% BY WEIGHT OF AN ORGANIC FIBRE; AND D. FROM 0 TO 20% BY WEIGHT OF AN INORGANIC FILLER OTHER THAN ASBESTOS.
2. A friction material according to claim 1, wherein said paper or board material contains less than 10% by weight of amosite asbestos, based on the total weight of the paper or board material.
3. A friction material according to claim 1, wherein said paper or board material contains from 39 to 51% by weight of chrysotile asbestos, based on the total weight of the paper or board material.
4. A friction material according to claim 1, wherein said paper or board material contains from 35 to 60% by weight of organic fibre, based on the total weight of the paper or board material.
5. A friction material according to claim 1, wherein said paper or board material contains from 5 to 10% by weight of said filler, based on the total weight of said paper or board material.
6. A friction material according to claim 1, consisting essentially of i. a paper material constituted by a. about 4% by weight of amosite asbestos (based on the weight of the paper material) b. about 25% by weight of chrysotile asbestos; c. about 34% by weight of cellulosic fibre; d. about 6% by weight of coke and 6% by weight of zinc oxide, said paper material being impregnated with ii. about 25% by weight phenol formaldehyde, based on the weight of the friction material.
7. A friction material according to claim 1, consisting essentially of i. a paper material constituted by a. about 8% by weight (based on the total weight of the paper material) of amosite asbestos, b. about 30% by weight chrysotile asbestos, c. about 23% by weight cellulosic fibre, and d. about 4% by weight mica and 4% by weight silica, said paper material being impregnated with ii. about 30% by weight of phenol formaldehyde resin based on the weight of the friction material.
8. A friction material according to claim 1, consisting essentially of i. a paper material constituted by a. about 6% by weight (based on the total weight of the paper material) of amosite asbestos, b. about 23% by weight of chrysotile asbestos, c. about 30% by weight of cellulosic fibre, and d. about 2% by weight of mica, about 2% by weight of iron oxide and about 2% by weight of lime, said paper material being impregnated with about 35% by weight, based on the weight of the friction material, of phenol-formaldehyde resin.
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4131710A (en) * 1976-01-20 1978-12-26 Feldmuhle Aktiengesellschaft Recording material containing asbestos
US4267912A (en) * 1977-10-06 1981-05-19 Borg-Warner-Stieber Gmbh Synchronizing ring
US4279696A (en) * 1980-06-20 1981-07-21 Armstrong World Industries, Inc. Process for forming friction materials

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2083989A (en) * 1935-03-14 1937-06-15 Hoof Brak Corp Brake
US2702770A (en) * 1951-08-14 1955-02-22 Raybestos Manhattan Inc Production of friction materials
US2747994A (en) * 1952-10-17 1956-05-29 Pabco Products Inc Reinforced cementitious insulating material and method of preparation thereof
US2940893A (en) * 1957-12-23 1960-06-14 Armstrong Cork Co Controlled precipitation of rubber onto asbestos fibers
US2954853A (en) * 1955-11-30 1960-10-04 Gen Motors Corp Friction material for use in brakes
US3270846A (en) * 1961-04-10 1966-09-06 Borg Warner Friction member with friction material
US3365041A (en) * 1965-10-21 1968-01-23 Raybestos Manhattan Inc Clutch facing
US3554861A (en) * 1967-07-06 1971-01-12 Panacon Corp Heat-resistant fibrous asbestos board with composite binder
US3554860A (en) * 1967-03-30 1971-01-12 Raybestos Manhattan Inc Organic fiber-anthophyllite fiber sheet as a friction material
US3647722A (en) * 1967-11-24 1972-03-07 Clarence E Albertson Friction elements and methods of their manufacture
US3692509A (en) * 1970-08-10 1972-09-19 Nicolet Ind Inc Lehr roll millboard formed from asbestos fibers and employing colloidal silica-calcium lime and bentonite as a binder

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2083989A (en) * 1935-03-14 1937-06-15 Hoof Brak Corp Brake
US2702770A (en) * 1951-08-14 1955-02-22 Raybestos Manhattan Inc Production of friction materials
US2747994A (en) * 1952-10-17 1956-05-29 Pabco Products Inc Reinforced cementitious insulating material and method of preparation thereof
US2954853A (en) * 1955-11-30 1960-10-04 Gen Motors Corp Friction material for use in brakes
US2940893A (en) * 1957-12-23 1960-06-14 Armstrong Cork Co Controlled precipitation of rubber onto asbestos fibers
US3270846A (en) * 1961-04-10 1966-09-06 Borg Warner Friction member with friction material
US3365041A (en) * 1965-10-21 1968-01-23 Raybestos Manhattan Inc Clutch facing
US3554860A (en) * 1967-03-30 1971-01-12 Raybestos Manhattan Inc Organic fiber-anthophyllite fiber sheet as a friction material
US3554861A (en) * 1967-07-06 1971-01-12 Panacon Corp Heat-resistant fibrous asbestos board with composite binder
US3647722A (en) * 1967-11-24 1972-03-07 Clarence E Albertson Friction elements and methods of their manufacture
US3692509A (en) * 1970-08-10 1972-09-19 Nicolet Ind Inc Lehr roll millboard formed from asbestos fibers and employing colloidal silica-calcium lime and bentonite as a binder

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4131710A (en) * 1976-01-20 1978-12-26 Feldmuhle Aktiengesellschaft Recording material containing asbestos
US4267912A (en) * 1977-10-06 1981-05-19 Borg-Warner-Stieber Gmbh Synchronizing ring
US4279696A (en) * 1980-06-20 1981-07-21 Armstrong World Industries, Inc. Process for forming friction materials

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