US3805855A - Package for transporting liquids - Google Patents

Package for transporting liquids Download PDF

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Publication number
US3805855A
US3805855A US00216565A US21656572A US3805855A US 3805855 A US3805855 A US 3805855A US 00216565 A US00216565 A US 00216565A US 21656572 A US21656572 A US 21656572A US 3805855 A US3805855 A US 3805855A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
envelope
expanded
liquid
package
foam block
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00216565A
Inventor
H Jensen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
C and D Power Systems Inc
Original Assignee
Eltra Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eltra Corp filed Critical Eltra Corp
Priority to US00216565A priority Critical patent/US3805855A/en
Priority to CA147,996A priority patent/CA969511A/en
Priority to JP47093569A priority patent/JPS4840566A/ja
Priority to BR7330/72A priority patent/BR7207330D0/en
Priority to FR7238050A priority patent/FR2167507A5/fr
Priority to SE7215139A priority patent/SE394991B/en
Priority to GB5425172A priority patent/GB1363820A/en
Priority to DE2259511A priority patent/DE2259511A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3805855A publication Critical patent/US3805855A/en
Assigned to ELTRA CORPORATION reassignment ELTRA CORPORATION CERTIFIED COPY OF MERGER FILED IN THE OFFICE OF SECRETARY OF STATE OF DELAWARE ON JUNE 6, 1980, SHOWING MERGER AND CHANGE OF NAME OF ASSIGNOR Assignors: ATREL CORPORATION
Assigned to ALLIED CORPORATION reassignment ALLIED CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: ELTRA CORPORATION
Assigned to C & D POWER SYSTEMS, INC. reassignment C & D POWER SYSTEMS, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: ALLIED CORPORATION, A CORP OF NY.
Assigned to MARYLAND NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL FINANCE CORPORATION reassignment MARYLAND NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL FINANCE CORPORATION SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: C & D POWER SYSTEMS, INC., A CORP OF DE.
Assigned to C & D CHARTER POWER SYSTEMS, INC. reassignment C & D CHARTER POWER SYSTEMS, INC. CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). NOVEMBER 4, 1987, DELAWARE Assignors: C & D POWER SYSTEMS, INC. (CHANGED TO)
Assigned to MNC CREDIT CORP, AS AGENT reassignment MNC CREDIT CORP, AS AGENT SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: C&D CHARTER POWER SYSTEMS, INC.
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D37/00—Portable flexible containers not otherwise provided for

Definitions

  • a method and apparatus for transporting and storing concentrated liquids such as battery acid which must be diluted before usage.
  • An absorbent body of open-celled material is impregnated with the concentrated liquid, and placed inside a heat-resistant plastic container.
  • the plastic container has expandable side-walls and a filling and pouring orifice on its top wall. At the site of use, the plastic body is expanded to about 4 times its original volume, and filled with water. After mixing, the diluted liquid is ready to be poured from'the plastic container.
  • the battery acid can be shipped in either a concen trated or dilute form. If shipped in a concentrated form, the battery installer or user must dilute the acid to the correct required concentration. This is often a problem where retail facilities and personnel are not well equipped or trained to handle battery acid. When the acid must be shipped to foreign countries, additional problems are created, such as printing instructions in foreign languages. In addition, the installer or user may not be capable of reading and understanding instructions, and may not have any simple tools or equipment readily available. Ihe acid is shipped in a dilute form ready for usage, the shipper is paying additional money for transporting water. This expense may prohibitive when the shipment is intended for remote areas.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an expandable volume apparatus containing an impregnated open-cell body, ready for shipping;
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the expandable volume apparatus of FIG. 1 expanded prior to filling with water;
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the expanded volume apparatus of FIG. 2 filled with water.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing the expanded volume apparatus being used to filla conventional drycharge battery with battery electrolyte.
  • the immobilized acid when water is added to the battery at the point of sale, the immobilized acid is released from the gel or granular material to thus activate the battery.
  • the time required for the battery to become active, after the addition of water, is longer than desirable because the water must diffuse into and the electrolyte must diffuse from the mass of immobilized acid, and also the residual material, such as the silicon dioxide, can circulate throughout the cells to possibly interfere with the battery action.
  • the instant invention provides a convenient method of transporting and storing concentrated liquids, especially battery acid.
  • An open-celled body is impregnated with the liquid and placed in a heat-resistant plastic container.
  • the plastic container has expandable sidewalls and a filling and pouring orifice on its top wall.
  • the plastic container is expanded, for example, to about 4 times its original volume, and filled with water. After allowing adequate time for mixing, the diluted liquid is ready to be poured from the container.
  • FIG. 1 shows an expandable volume container 10.
  • Thecontainer 10 is preferably made of a heat-resistant plastic material with accor' dion-type expandableside-walls 11 and a filling and pouring orifice 12'.
  • Inside the container 10 is a block of open-celled material 13;
  • the block 13 should be an open-celled foamed or granular material capable of absorbing a concentrated volume of liquid.
  • the block 13 is impregnated with the concentrated liquid which is to be transported or stored.
  • Open-celled as used herein, means that the material should have communicating voids so that it will function as a sponge to absorb and retain the concentrated liquid.
  • the materials described in the aforementioned U.S. Pat. No. 3,591,422 are suitable materials.
  • material 13 When it is desired to use the container 10 for transporting battery acid, for example, material 13 should have an absorbency sufficient that upon filling the container 10 with water, the diluted electrolyte has a specific gravity range from 1.255 to 1.265. Necessarily, the material must be resistant to the corrosive action of the battery acid. In general, it has been found that open-celledfoamed blocks of phenolic resins, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, and silicon derivatives may be used for this purpose.
  • the container 10 If the container 10 is used for transporting concentrated battery acid, addition of water to the container 10 will cause an increase in the water temperature as a result of the heat of chemical reaction. Because of this heat of reaction, the expandable plastic container 10 should b constructed of a plastic material that is sufficiently resistant to he to prevent softening, stretching or bursting. A pstic material such as polytetrafluoroethylene is suitably heat-resistanand flexible for use in the present invention and others will be apparentto those skilled in the art. y I
  • the absorbent block of metal 13 will retain a sub-" stantial amount of the heat of chemicl raction gener ated upon mixing of the acid in water. It is preferable that the block 13 be positionedsuch as in the middle of the container 10 as shown in FIG. 3. This allows adquate circulation of the water throughout the container 10. Circulation of the wat-acidolution will eliminate excessive heating of the container side-walls, and maintain the localized heating effect within acceptable limits. After an adequate amount of mixing time,the dilured acid is ready to be poured into a conventional dry-charge battery as shown in FIG. 4.
  • FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 Although it s only necessary to supply a single closable filling and pouring orifice 12, a preferred embodiment is shown in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4. By molding or attaching a flexible tube 14 to the orifice l2, filling of the container 10, and subsequent pouring ofhe diluted acis conveniently accomplished.
  • said envelope comprising a liquid impervious flexible said liquid concentrate by an amount equal to said predetermined ratio.
  • said flexible envelope includes side walls having accordian-type pleats which, when extended, expand said envelope in one dimension away from opposed faces of said foam block such that said foam block remains centrally positioned within said expanded envelope.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Tubes (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)

Abstract

A method and apparatus is disclosed for transporting and storing concentrated liquids such as battery acid which must be diluted before usage. An absorbent body of open-celled material is impregnated with the concentrated liquid, and placed inside a heat-resistant plastic container. The plastic container has expandable side-walls and a filling and pouring orifice on its top wall. At the site of use, the plastic body is expanded to about 4 times its original volume, and filled with water. After mixing, the diluted liquid is ready to be poured from the plastic container.

Description

United States Patent 1 Jensen 1 Apr. 23, 1974 [52] U.S. Cl 141/114, 136/162, 136/181,
206/47 A [51] Int. Cl B65b 3/04 [58] Field of Search 141/1, 9, 100, 105, 106,
141/114, 313, 366, 392; 136/162, 181; 206/46 FC, 47 A, DIG. 30; 220/9 F [56] References Cited UNITEDSTATES PATENTS 3,302,815 2/1967 Morrison 220/9 F 3,238,599 3/1966 Bauman 206/46 FC 3,229,936 1/1966 Quillinan 206/46 FC 3,643,268 2/1972 Stamberger 206/D1G. 30
Primary Examiner-H0uston 8. Bell, Jr.
Attorney, Agent, or Firm-D. Henry Stoltenberg; R0bert H. Johnson; Vincent L. Barker, Jr.
57 4 ABSTRACT A method and apparatus is disclosed for transporting and storing concentrated liquids such as battery acid which must be diluted before usage. An absorbent body of open-celled material is impregnated with the concentrated liquid, and placed inside a heat-resistant plastic container. The plastic container has expandable side-walls and a filling and pouring orifice on its top wall. At the site of use, the plastic body is expanded to about 4 times its original volume, and filled with water. After mixing, the diluted liquid is ready to be poured from'the plastic container.
3 Claims, 4 Drawing [Figures 1 PACKAGE FOR TRANSPORTING LIQUIDS BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The battery acid can be shipped in either a concen trated or dilute form. If shipped in a concentrated form, the battery installer or user must dilute the acid to the correct required concentration. This is often a problem where retail facilities and personnel are not well equipped or trained to handle battery acid. When the acid must be shipped to foreign countries, additional problems are created, such as printing instructions in foreign languages. In addition, the installer or user may not be capable of reading and understanding instructions, and may not have any simple tools or equipment readily available. Ihe acid is shipped in a dilute form ready for usage, the shipper is paying additional money for transporting water. This expense may prohibitive when the shipment is intended for remote areas.
One approach used in the prior art has been to inactivate or immobilze the concentrated sulfuric acid by combining it with a gel-forming or granular-forming no measuring instruments or other tools at the site. of use.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following drawings and detailed description.
BRIEF DESCRTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an expandable volume apparatus containing an impregnated open-cell body, ready for shipping;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the expandable volume apparatus of FIG. 1 expanded prior to filling with water;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the expanded volume apparatus of FIG. 2 filled with water; and
FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing the expanded volume apparatus being used to filla conventional drycharge battery with battery electrolyte.
agent, such as finely-divided silicon-dioxide, so that,
when water is added to the battery at the point of sale, the immobilized acid is released from the gel or granular material to thus activate the battery. In this type of installation, the time required for the battery to become active, after the addition of water, is longer than desirable because the water must diffuse into and the electrolyte must diffuse from the mass of immobilized acid, and also the residual material, such as the silicon dioxide, can circulate throughout the cells to possibly interfere with the battery action.
Another approach is suggested by commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 3,591,422 in which a specially designed battery containing a block of absorbent foam is used to contain. the concentrated acid to which water islater added at the site of use. This approach has been successful but requires a specially designed battery construction. The present invention provides a system for use with existant conventional storage batteries.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The instant invention provides a convenient method of transporting and storing concentrated liquids, especially battery acid. An open-celled body is impregnated with the liquid and placed in a heat-resistant plastic container. The plastic container has expandable sidewalls and a filling and pouring orifice on its top wall. The plastic container is expanded, for example, to about 4 times its original volume, and filled with water. After allowing adequate time for mixing, the diluted liquid is ready to be poured from the container.
It is, therefore, a primary object of the present invention to provide an improved method and apparatus for transporting and storing concentrated liquids.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for shipping concentrated liquids which requires a minimum of printed instructions and requires DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Referring to the drawings, FIG. 1 shows an expandable volume container 10. Thecontainer 10 is preferably made of a heat-resistant plastic material with accor' dion-type expandableside-walls 11 and a filling and pouring orifice 12'. Inside the container 10 is a block of open-celled material 13; The block 13 should be an open-celled foamed or granular material capable of absorbing a concentrated volume of liquid. The block 13 is impregnated with the concentrated liquid which is to be transported or stored. Open-celled as used herein, means that the material should have communicating voids so that it will function as a sponge to absorb and retain the concentrated liquid. The materials described in the aforementioned U.S. Pat. No. 3,591,422are suitable materials.
When it is desired to use the container 10 for transporting battery acid, for example, material 13 should have an absorbency sufficient that upon filling the container 10 with water, the diluted electrolyte has a specific gravity range from 1.255 to 1.265. Necessarily, the material must be resistant to the corrosive action of the battery acid. In general, it has been found that open-celledfoamed blocks of phenolic resins, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, and silicon derivatives may be used for this purpose.
, If the container 10 is used for transporting concentrated battery acid, addition of water to the container 10 will cause an increase in the water temperature as a result of the heat of chemical reaction. Because of this heat of reaction, the expandable plastic container 10 should b constructed of a plastic material that is sufficiently resistant to he to prevent softening, stretching or bursting. A pstic material such as polytetrafluoroethylene is suitably heat-resistanand flexible for use in the present invention and others will be apparentto those skilled in the art. y I
The absorbent block of metal 13 will retain a sub-" stantial amount of the heat of chemicl raction gener ated upon mixing of the acid in water. It is preferable that the block 13 be positionedsuch as in the middle of the container 10 as shown in FIG. 3. This allows adquate circulation of the water throughout the container 10. Circulation of the wat-acidolution will eliminate excessive heating of the container side-walls, and maintain the localized heating effect within acceptable limits. After an adequate amount of mixing time,the dilured acid is ready to be poured into a conventional dry-charge battery as shown in FIG. 4.
Although it s only necessary to supply a single closable filling and pouring orifice 12, a preferred embodiment is shown in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4. By molding or attaching a flexible tube 14 to the orifice l2, filling of the container 10, and subsequent pouring ofhe diluted acis conveniently accomplished.
It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the instant invention will be useful in numerous applications wherein it is desired to transport or store a concentrated liquid which must be diluted prior to usage. Variou othe advantages and modifications of the above described preferred embodiment will be apparent to those skilled in the art and may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of thappended claims.
said envelope comprising a liquid impervious flexible said liquid concentrate by an amount equal to said predetermined ratio.
2. The package of claim 1 wherein said foam block is positioned centrally within said expanded envelope when said envelope is expanded.
3. The package of claim 1 wherein said flexible envelope includes side walls having accordian-type pleats which, when extended, expand said envelope in one dimension away from opposed faces of said foam block such that said foam block remains centrally positioned within said expanded envelope. 1

Claims (3)

1. A package for transporting a liquid concentrate comprising an open-celled block of absorbent foam material placed within a closed liquid tight envelope, said envelope comprising a liquid impervious flexible skin having a collapsed and an expanded condition, which envelope, when collapsed, defines an interior envelope space having a volume substantially equal to that of said foam block and which, when expanded, defines an increased interior space volume having a predetermined ratio to the collapsed volume, and means for adding further liquid to the interior of said envelope when expanded whereby, when said foam block is initialy saturated with a liquid concentrate, said envelope may be expanded and filled with further liquid to dilute said liquid concentrate by an amount equal to said predetermined ratio.
2. The package of claim 1 wherein said foam block is positioned centrally within said expanded envelope when said envelope is expanded.
3. The package of claim 1 wherein said flexible envelope includes side walls having accordian-type pleats which, when extended, expand said envelope in one dimension away from opposed faces of said foam block such that said foam block remains centrally positioned within said expanded envelope.
US00216565A 1972-01-10 1972-01-10 Package for transporting liquids Expired - Lifetime US3805855A (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00216565A US3805855A (en) 1972-01-10 1972-01-10 Package for transporting liquids
CA147,996A CA969511A (en) 1972-01-10 1972-07-26 Package for transporting liquids
JP47093569A JPS4840566A (en) 1972-01-10 1972-09-18
BR7330/72A BR7207330D0 (en) 1972-01-10 1972-10-19 IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLIANCE TO TRANSPORT A CONCENTRATED LIQUID PACKAGE FOR THE TRANSPORT OF ACID AND PROCESS TO PREPARE A LOAD OF FRESH BATTERY ACID
FR7238050A FR2167507A5 (en) 1972-01-10 1972-10-26
SE7215139A SE394991B (en) 1972-01-10 1972-11-21 DEVICE FOR TRANSPORT AND STORAGE OF A CONCENTRATED LIQUID
GB5425172A GB1363820A (en) 1972-01-10 1972-11-23 Package for transporting and/or storing liquids
DE2259511A DE2259511A1 (en) 1972-01-10 1972-12-05 TRANSPORT DEVICE FOR A CONCENTRATED LIQUID

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00216565A US3805855A (en) 1972-01-10 1972-01-10 Package for transporting liquids

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US3805855A true US3805855A (en) 1974-04-23

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US00216565A Expired - Lifetime US3805855A (en) 1972-01-10 1972-01-10 Package for transporting liquids

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US (1) US3805855A (en)
JP (1) JPS4840566A (en)
BR (1) BR7207330D0 (en)
CA (1) CA969511A (en)
DE (1) DE2259511A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2167507A5 (en)
GB (1) GB1363820A (en)
SE (1) SE394991B (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5593796A (en) * 1992-02-10 1997-01-14 C & D Charter Power Systems, Inc. Recombinant lead-acid cell and long life battery
GB2431633A (en) * 2005-10-28 2007-05-02 Mark Collins Packaged collapsible container
US20080087676A1 (en) * 2006-10-12 2008-04-17 George Kasboske Container for flowable material

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS54165207U (en) * 1978-05-10 1979-11-20
DE3324885A1 (en) * 1983-07-09 1984-06-20 Lammers, Albert, 7886 Murg Container for transporting dangerous liquids
GB9802157D0 (en) * 1998-02-03 1998-04-01 Gain Simon R Consa pack

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3229936A (en) * 1961-06-28 1966-01-18 Gen Electric Forming a shield on a re-entry body in space
US3238599A (en) * 1964-02-27 1966-03-08 Dow Chemical Co Padding method
US3302815A (en) * 1963-02-28 1967-02-07 Elmwood Liquid Products Inc Insulated shipper container
US3643268A (en) * 1970-09-30 1972-02-22 Paul Stamberger Self-inflatable hollow bodies for use as cushions and for like purposes

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3229936A (en) * 1961-06-28 1966-01-18 Gen Electric Forming a shield on a re-entry body in space
US3302815A (en) * 1963-02-28 1967-02-07 Elmwood Liquid Products Inc Insulated shipper container
US3238599A (en) * 1964-02-27 1966-03-08 Dow Chemical Co Padding method
US3643268A (en) * 1970-09-30 1972-02-22 Paul Stamberger Self-inflatable hollow bodies for use as cushions and for like purposes

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5593796A (en) * 1992-02-10 1997-01-14 C & D Charter Power Systems, Inc. Recombinant lead-acid cell and long life battery
US5695891A (en) * 1992-02-10 1997-12-09 C & D Charter Power Systems, Inc. Battery thermal management system
US5851695A (en) * 1992-02-10 1998-12-22 C & D Technologies, Inc. Recombinant lead-acid cell and long life battery
US6667130B2 (en) 1992-02-10 2003-12-23 C&D Charter Holdings, Inc. Recombinant lead-acid cell and long life battery
GB2431633A (en) * 2005-10-28 2007-05-02 Mark Collins Packaged collapsible container
US20080087676A1 (en) * 2006-10-12 2008-04-17 George Kasboske Container for flowable material
US7600653B2 (en) * 2006-10-12 2009-10-13 George Kasboske Container for flowable material

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1363820A (en) 1974-08-21
JPS4840566A (en) 1973-06-14
SE394991B (en) 1977-07-25
CA969511A (en) 1975-06-17
DE2259511A1 (en) 1973-07-19
BR7207330D0 (en) 1973-10-09
FR2167507A5 (en) 1973-08-24

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Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: ELTRA CORPORATION, A CORP. OF NY

Free format text: CERTIFIED COPY OF MERGER FILED IN THE OFFICE OF SECRETARY OF STATE OF DELAWARE ON JUNE 6, 1980, SHOWING MERGER AND CHANGE OF NAME OF ASSIGNOR;ASSIGNOR:ATREL CORPORATION (INTO);REEL/FRAME:003992/0237

Effective date: 19811020

Owner name: ELTRA CORPORATION, OHIO

Free format text: CERTIFIED COPY OF MERGER FILED IN THE OFFICE OF SECRETARY OF STATE OF DELAWARE ON JUNE 6, 1980, SHOWING MERGER AND CHANGE OF NAME OF ASSIGNOR;ASSIGNOR:ATREL CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:003992/0237

Effective date: 19811020

AS Assignment

Owner name: ALLIED CORPORATION; COLUMBIA RD. AND PARK AVE., MO

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:ELTRA CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004026/0293

Effective date: 19820531

Owner name: ALLIED CORPORATION, NEW JERSEY

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ELTRA CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004026/0293

Effective date: 19820531

AS Assignment

Owner name: C & D POWER SYSTEMS, INC., 3043 WALTON ROAD, PLYMO

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:ALLIED CORPORATION, A CORP OF NY.;REEL/FRAME:004526/0067

Effective date: 19860117

AS Assignment

Owner name: MARYLAND NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL FINANCE CORPORATION,

Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:C & D POWER SYSTEMS, INC., A CORP OF DE.;REEL/FRAME:004532/0673

Effective date: 19860128

STCF Information on status: patent grant

Free format text: PATENTED FILE - (OLD CASE ADDED FOR FILE TRACKING PURPOSES)

AS Assignment

Owner name: C & D CHARTER POWER SYSTEMS, INC.

Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:C & D POWER SYSTEMS, INC. (CHANGED TO);REEL/FRAME:005161/0211

Effective date: 19880509

AS Assignment

Owner name: MNC CREDIT CORP, AS AGENT

Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:C&D CHARTER POWER SYSTEMS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:005258/0358

Effective date: 19891003