US3549357A - Dry impact coating of powder metal parts - Google Patents

Dry impact coating of powder metal parts Download PDF

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Publication number
US3549357A
US3549357A US739198A US3549357DA US3549357A US 3549357 A US3549357 A US 3549357A US 739198 A US739198 A US 739198A US 3549357D A US3549357D A US 3549357DA US 3549357 A US3549357 A US 3549357A
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United States
Prior art keywords
article
powder
sintered
powder metal
coating
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Expired - Lifetime
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US739198A
Inventor
Earl H Osborne
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KEYSTONE CARBON COMPANY A PA CORP
Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corp
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Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corp
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Assigned to ALLEGHENY INTERNATIONAL, INC. reassignment ALLEGHENY INTERNATIONAL, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: ALLEGHENY LUDLUM STEEL CORPORATION
Assigned to THERMCO SYSTEMS, INC., 1465 N BATAVIA ORANGE CALIFORNIA 92668 A CORP OF CA reassignment THERMCO SYSTEMS, INC., 1465 N BATAVIA ORANGE CALIFORNIA 92668 A CORP OF CA ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: ALLEGHENY INGERNATIONAL, INC.,
Assigned to KEYSTONE CARBON COMPANY, A PA CORP. reassignment KEYSTONE CARBON COMPANY, A PA CORP. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: ALLEGHENY INTERNATIONAL, INC., THERMCO SYSTEMS, INC.
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12Both compacting and sintering
    • B22F3/1208Containers or coating used therefor
    • B22F3/1258Container manufacturing
    • B22F3/1266Container manufacturing by coating or sealing the surface of the preformed article, e.g. by melting
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/02Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
    • C23C24/04Impact or kinetic deposition of particles
    • C23C24/045Impact or kinetic deposition of particles by trembling using impacting inert media
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12014All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
    • Y10T428/12028Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, etc.]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12708Sn-base component
    • Y10T428/12722Next to Group VIII metal-base component
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12785Group IIB metal-base component
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12785Group IIB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12792Zn-base component
    • Y10T428/12799Next to Fe-base component [e.g., galvanized]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12861Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12903Cu-base component
    • Y10T428/12917Next to Fe-base component

Definitions

  • Powder metallurgical processes are well known techniques for producing metal articles in forms that are otherwise difiicult to manufacture.
  • Powdered metal such as iron and iron alloys
  • Powdered metal is used in the manufacture of many useful articles by processes in which the powders are first compacted by pressure alone into the approximate shape of the finished article and sintered at an elevated temperature, e.g., 14002l00 F., in furnaces provided with the protective atmosphere to prevent oxidatlon. In sintering, the powders coalesce and are bonded into an integral metallurgical structure. When desirable, the sintered atricles may be additionally processed.
  • the present invention provides a unique method of producing coated powder metal parts by dry impact coating.
  • a method which comprises compacting and sintering powder metal into an article of desired configuration.
  • the compacted and sintered article is then tumbled in a confined area in contact with impacting elements such as grinding balls and in the presence of a coating material.
  • impacting elements such as grinding balls and in the presence of a coating material.
  • the powder metal article is coated, and, after coating excess coating material is removed. Thereafter the coated powder metal article is sintered to bond the coating to the base metal.
  • Powder metal parts may be produced by conventional techniques in which iron or iron alloy powder is compacted to a medium density of about 5.5 grams per cubic centimeter to 7.4 grams per cubic centimeter. Small additions of copper or other metals may be added to the base metal to improve physical properties.
  • the compacted metal powder is then sintered, usually in a conventional sintering furnace, in either a batch or continuous operation. For an iron bearing compact, a sintering schedule of l40 minutes at a temperature of 19002150 is preferred.
  • the sintering temperature is, of course, a function of the material and the physical properties required and will vary with different metals. However, the powder metallurgical arts are sufficiently well developed so that this information is well known to those skilled therein.
  • the compacted and sintered iron alloy article is then placed in a tumbler, preferably substantially immediately after sintering to avoid and/or minimize contamination of the powder metal article by, for example, oxidation or soiling.
  • the sintered article is tumbled in contact with impacting elements such as steel balls of varying diameters.
  • tumbling is best performed with the impacting elements and the sintered compact experiencing a falling rather than sliding action. This may be achieved with tumbler operations of between 30 and revolutions per minute. Desirably, the tumbling cycle should be from 30 to 45 minutes, depending upon the thickness of the coating desired.
  • the coated article is sintered, preferably in a conventional sintering furnace, for a time and at a temperature which is a function of the metal coating.
  • the coated article may be satisfactorily sintered in 20 to 45 minutes at 1400l600 F. in a non-oxidizing atmosphere. Inert or reducing gases may be used and a hydrogen-containing gas is preferred.
  • the object of sintering the coated article is to metallurgically bond the coating to the base metal. Following sin tering the coated powder article may be subsequently processed as desired.
  • the articles may be sized, coined or impregnated in accordance with well known practices.
  • Iron powder of 99% purity is blended with a die lubricant, e.g. stearic acid, for about 20 minutes.
  • the blended powder is pressed in a die under pressure of about 30 tons/inch to form a green compact suitable for handling.
  • Green compacts of iron will usually be of medium density in the range of about 5.5 gr./cc. to 7.4 gr./cc. and for the purposes of the invention must be less than the theoretical density.
  • the compact is transferred to mesh belt continuous furnace and sintered at about 2050 F. for about 30 minutes.
  • the sintered article is then placed in a rotary tumbler with metal beads and shot.
  • the coating material fine copper powder of 99% purity which is used in this example, is added to the tumbler.
  • the tumbler is rotated to provide an impacting rather than a sliding action of the beads and shot on to the sintered article and the relatively soft copper powder is smeared or impacted on the article to coat same. Since the sintered article has a density less than theoretical, minute pores are present on the surface and the coating material lodges into these pores or crevices.
  • the copper coated article is removed from the tumbler and excess coating material is shaken off.
  • the coated article is then sintered at a temperature below the melting point of the coating material.
  • sintering would be performed by heating at about 1550 F. for about 20 minutes. During sintering the copper is metallurgically bond to the iron base.
  • a method of producing coated powder metal articles which comprises:
  • particulate coating material from the group consist- 5 References Cited ing essentially of copper, tin, cadmium, and zinc whereby said article is coated with said coating UNITED STATES PATENTS material, 2,251,410 8/1941 Koehring 29182.2 (c) removing excess coating material from said coated 2,490,543 12/1949 Robertson 29191.2X
  • a method according to claim 1 wherein the coating material is copper powder and the copper coated article 11731 is sintered from 20 to minutes at 1400 F. to 1600" F. 20

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Description

3,549,357 DRY IMPACT COATING OF POWDER METAL PARTS Earl H. Osborne, Colorado Springs, Colo., assignor to Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation, Brackenridge, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania No Drawing. Filed June 24, 1968, Ser. No. 739,198
Int. Cl. B22f 7/02 U.S. Cl. 75208 4 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Powder metallurgical processes are well known techniques for producing metal articles in forms that are otherwise difiicult to manufacture. Powdered metal, such as iron and iron alloys, is used in the manufacture of many useful articles by processes in which the powders are first compacted by pressure alone into the approximate shape of the finished article and sintered at an elevated temperature, e.g., 14002l00 F., in furnaces provided with the protective atmosphere to prevent oxidatlon. In sintering, the powders coalesce and are bonded into an integral metallurgical structure. When desirable, the sintered atricles may be additionally processed.
It is sometimes also desirable to provide coatings on powder metal parts. Such coatings may be applied for protection against corrosion or to achieve other special affects. The present invention provides a unique method of producing coated powder metal parts by dry impact coating. In accordance with the invention there is provided a method which comprises compacting and sintering powder metal into an article of desired configuration. The compacted and sintered article is then tumbled in a confined area in contact with impacting elements such as grinding balls and in the presence of a coating material. During tumbling, the powder metal article is coated, and, after coating excess coating material is removed. Thereafter the coated powder metal article is sintered to bond the coating to the base metal. Specific sintering temperatures and conditions for various metals are disclosed in textbooks such as Fundamentals of Powder Metallurgy by W. D. Jones, 1961 edition.
Although the method in accordance with the invention is useful in processing powder metal parts of various compositions, it is particularly well adapted for producing articles of iron and iron alloys. Powder metal parts may be produced by conventional techniques in which iron or iron alloy powder is compacted to a medium density of about 5.5 grams per cubic centimeter to 7.4 grams per cubic centimeter. Small additions of copper or other metals may be added to the base metal to improve physical properties. The compacted metal powder is then sintered, usually in a conventional sintering furnace, in either a batch or continuous operation. For an iron bearing compact, a sintering schedule of l40 minutes at a temperature of 19002150 is preferred. The sintering temperature is, of course, a function of the material and the physical properties required and will vary with different metals. However, the powder metallurgical arts are sufficiently well developed so that this information is well known to those skilled therein. The compacted and sintered iron alloy article is then placed in a tumbler, preferably substantially immediately after sintering to avoid and/or minimize contamination of the powder metal article by, for example, oxidation or soiling. The sintered article is tumbled in contact with impacting elements such as steel balls of varying diameters.
United States Patent 0 "ice It is desirable to employ impacting elements of different sizes to assure contact with all surfaces of the powder metal article. Particulate coating material such as powdered copper, tin, cadmium, or zinc of high purity is added to the tumbler to coat the sintered compact. The coating material need not be of any special particle size or shape, but the speed of the coating process can be generally increased by using smaller particle sizes.
It has been observed that tumbling is best performed with the impacting elements and the sintered compact experiencing a falling rather than sliding action. This may be achieved with tumbler operations of between 30 and revolutions per minute. Desirably, the tumbling cycle should be from 30 to 45 minutes, depending upon the thickness of the coating desired.
After tumbling to coat the powder metal article, it is removed from the tumbler and any loose powder removed from the surface. Thereafter, the coated article is sintered, preferably in a conventional sintering furnace, for a time and at a temperature which is a function of the metal coating. Thus, for example, with a copper coating on an iron alloy compact, the coated article may be satisfactorily sintered in 20 to 45 minutes at 1400l600 F. in a non-oxidizing atmosphere. Inert or reducing gases may be used and a hydrogen-containing gas is preferred. The object of sintering the coated article is to metallurgically bond the coating to the base metal. Following sin tering the coated powder article may be subsequently processed as desired. Thus, for example, the articles may be sized, coined or impregnated in accordance with well known practices.
The following is presented as a specific example of the practice of the invention according to the presently preferred embodiment.
Iron powder of 99% purity is blended with a die lubricant, e.g. stearic acid, for about 20 minutes. The blended powder is pressed in a die under pressure of about 30 tons/inch to form a green compact suitable for handling. Green compacts of iron will usually be of medium density in the range of about 5.5 gr./cc. to 7.4 gr./cc. and for the purposes of the invention must be less than the theoretical density. The compact is transferred to mesh belt continuous furnace and sintered at about 2050 F. for about 30 minutes.
The sintered article is then placed in a rotary tumbler with metal beads and shot. The coating material, fine copper powder of 99% purity which is used in this example, is added to the tumbler. The tumbler is rotated to provide an impacting rather than a sliding action of the beads and shot on to the sintered article and the relatively soft copper powder is smeared or impacted on the article to coat same. Since the sintered article has a density less than theoretical, minute pores are present on the surface and the coating material lodges into these pores or crevices.
The copper coated article is removed from the tumbler and excess coating material is shaken off. The coated article is then sintered at a temperature below the melting point of the coating material. In this example, sintering would be performed by heating at about 1550 F. for about 20 minutes. During sintering the copper is metallurgically bond to the iron base.
It is apparent from the above that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the invention.
Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be limited only by the appended claims wherein what is claimed is:
1. A method of producing coated powder metal articles which comprises:
(a) compacting and sintering metal powder consisting essentially of iron and iron alloys in the configura- 4. A method according to claim 1 wherein said coattion of said article, ing material is a metal from the group consisting of tin, (b) tumbling said article in a confined area in contact cadmium and zinc.
with impacting elements and in the presence of particulate coating material from the group consist- 5 References Cited ing essentially of copper, tin, cadmium, and zinc whereby said article is coated with said coating UNITED STATES PATENTS material, 2,251,410 8/1941 Koehring 29182.2 (c) removing excess coating material from said coated 2,490,543 12/1949 Robertson 29191.2X
metal article, and 3,142,559 7/1964 Ruf et al 75-208 (d) sintering said coated article at a temperature below 3 237 157 11/196 Brown 117 31 the melting point of a said coating material to bond 323 1 7 1 Simon said coating thereto. 2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the initial CARL D, QUARFORTH, Primary Examiner compacting and sintering are performed at a temperature of 1900 F. to 2150 F. for from 10 to min- J'STEINERASslstam Exammer utes.
3. A method according to claim 1 wherein the coating material is copper powder and the copper coated article 11731 is sintered from 20 to minutes at 1400 F. to 1600" F. 20
US739198A 1968-06-24 1968-06-24 Dry impact coating of powder metal parts Expired - Lifetime US3549357A (en)

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3652317A (en) * 1970-05-01 1972-03-28 Getters Spa Method of producing substrate having a particulate metallic coating
US3900200A (en) * 1971-12-04 1975-08-19 Nippon Piston Ring Co Ltd Scuff resistant sliding member
US4454175A (en) * 1982-02-12 1984-06-12 Merrill David Martin Method of applying lubricant coating to bullets
US4508680A (en) * 1982-06-08 1985-04-02 National Aerospace Laboratory Of Science And Technology Agency Method of manufacturing a rocket combustion chamber
US4584171A (en) * 1983-10-07 1986-04-22 National Aerospace Laboratories Of Science & Technology Agency Method of producing rocket combustors
US4587096A (en) * 1985-05-23 1986-05-06 Inco Alloys International, Inc. Canless method for hot working gas atomized powders
US5147686A (en) * 1988-03-17 1992-09-15 Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha, Ltd. Method of making titanium oxide powder having antimicrobial metal supported thereon
US5700850A (en) 1993-08-05 1997-12-23 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide Colorant compositions and colorant stabilizers

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2251410A (en) * 1939-04-27 1941-08-05 Gen Motors Corp Composite metal structure and method of making same
US2490543A (en) * 1945-06-27 1949-12-06 Gen Motors Corp Method of making composite stock
US3142559A (en) * 1960-11-08 1964-07-28 Gen Motors Corp Method of making a bearing
US3287157A (en) * 1962-10-10 1966-11-22 Prismo Safety Corp Method of plating metal article with metal
US3328197A (en) * 1965-02-08 1967-06-27 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Mechanical plating

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2251410A (en) * 1939-04-27 1941-08-05 Gen Motors Corp Composite metal structure and method of making same
US2490543A (en) * 1945-06-27 1949-12-06 Gen Motors Corp Method of making composite stock
US3142559A (en) * 1960-11-08 1964-07-28 Gen Motors Corp Method of making a bearing
US3287157A (en) * 1962-10-10 1966-11-22 Prismo Safety Corp Method of plating metal article with metal
US3328197A (en) * 1965-02-08 1967-06-27 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Mechanical plating

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3652317A (en) * 1970-05-01 1972-03-28 Getters Spa Method of producing substrate having a particulate metallic coating
US3900200A (en) * 1971-12-04 1975-08-19 Nippon Piston Ring Co Ltd Scuff resistant sliding member
US4454175A (en) * 1982-02-12 1984-06-12 Merrill David Martin Method of applying lubricant coating to bullets
US4508680A (en) * 1982-06-08 1985-04-02 National Aerospace Laboratory Of Science And Technology Agency Method of manufacturing a rocket combustion chamber
US4584171A (en) * 1983-10-07 1986-04-22 National Aerospace Laboratories Of Science & Technology Agency Method of producing rocket combustors
US4587096A (en) * 1985-05-23 1986-05-06 Inco Alloys International, Inc. Canless method for hot working gas atomized powders
EP0202886A1 (en) * 1985-05-23 1986-11-26 Inco Alloys International, Inc. Canless method for hot working gas atomized powders
US5147686A (en) * 1988-03-17 1992-09-15 Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha, Ltd. Method of making titanium oxide powder having antimicrobial metal supported thereon
US5700850A (en) 1993-08-05 1997-12-23 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide Colorant compositions and colorant stabilizers

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Owner name: ALLEGHENY INTERNATIONAL, INC., TWO OLIVER PLAZA P.

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:ALLEGHENY LUDLUM STEEL CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004284/0598

Effective date: 19840717

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Owner name: THERMCO SYSTEMS, INC., 1465 N BATAVIA ORANGE CALIF

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:ALLEGHENY INGERNATIONAL, INC.,;REEL/FRAME:004297/0022

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Owner name: KEYSTONE CARBON COMPANY, A PA CORP.

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:THERMCO SYSTEMS, INC.;ALLEGHENY INTERNATIONAL, INC.;REEL/FRAME:004779/0678

Effective date: 19870629