US3543760A - Disposable ground plate electrode - Google Patents

Disposable ground plate electrode Download PDF

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Publication number
US3543760A
US3543760A US711949A US3543760DA US3543760A US 3543760 A US3543760 A US 3543760A US 711949 A US711949 A US 711949A US 3543760D A US3543760D A US 3543760DA US 3543760 A US3543760 A US 3543760A
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United States
Prior art keywords
electrode
skin
connecter
electrical
flat
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US711949A
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English (en)
Inventor
Lee R Bolduc
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Medical Plastics Inc
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Medical Plastics Inc
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Publication date
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Application filed by Medical Plastics Inc filed Critical Medical Plastics Inc
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Publication of US3543760A publication Critical patent/US3543760A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/02—Details
    • A61N1/04—Electrodes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
    • A61B18/16—Indifferent or passive electrodes for grounding
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
    • A61B5/271—Arrangements of electrodes with cords, cables or leads, e.g. single leads or patient cord assemblies
    • A61B5/273—Connection of cords, cables or leads to electrodes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
    • A61B5/271—Arrangements of electrodes with cords, cables or leads, e.g. single leads or patient cord assemblies
    • A61B5/273—Connection of cords, cables or leads to electrodes
    • A61B5/274—Connection of cords, cables or leads to electrodes using snap or button fasteners
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
    • A61B5/276—Protection against electrode failure

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT An electrosurgical unit using high frequency currents having an active electrode and a patient indifference ground plate electrode.
  • the plate electrode is a disposable
  • flexible, autoclavable ground electrode having a flexible cardboard base carrying an aluminum foil skin.
  • the metal skin of the disposable electrode is divided with indicator lines to outline approximately 100 square inches minimum surface area required for proper grounding of the patient.
  • a releasable connector is usedto attach a ground cable to the plate electrode.
  • the connector has a flat metal foil skin engaging surface to provide a large surface of contact between the connector and the foil skin.
  • the invention relates to a grounding electrode and connecter usable in an electrosurgical unit.
  • the electrode has a flexible base carrying a flexible electrical conductor sheet or skin.
  • the connecter has a substantially flat surface engageable with the conductor skin to provide surface electrical contact between the connector and the electrode.
  • Cooperating with the flat surface is a member which holds the flat surface in surface engagement with the skin.
  • the one edge of the electrode may have an inwardly turned flange which cooperates with the connecter to prevent the accidental removal of the connecter from the electrode.
  • the surface of the electrode is provided with guide means which serve as indicia to outline a safe minimum area.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of the electrosurgical unit equipped with the ground electrode of the invention used on a patient lying on an operating table;
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the ground electrode of the invention lying on. the top of an operating table
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view taken along the line 3-3 of FIG. 2; v
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged plan view of the ground electrode showing thearea indicia lines and the fold line for the end
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the releasable connecter attached to the edge of the ground electrode;
  • FIG. 6 is a side view'of the connecter in assembled relation with the electrode
  • FIG. 7 is a view similar to FIG. 6 showing the initial clamping of the connecteron the electrode
  • FIG. 8 is a view similar to FIG. 6 showing the electrode with a folded flange
  • FIG. 9 is a side view of a modified connecter attached to the ground electrode ofthe invention.
  • FIG. 10 is an enlarged sectional view taken along the line 10-10 ofFlG. 9. 1 a
  • An upright base 13 supports the'table 12 above floor 14 to locate patient in a convenient position for surgeon 16.
  • the electrosurgical unit 10 uses high frequency currents from a portable transformer '17 connected to an active electrode 18 by a buttock, or wrapped around an arm or leg, to provide a maximum area of a flesh or skin contact. For proper patient grounding it has been found that a minimum of 100 square inches of surface contact is required between patient I1 and electrode 21.
  • Ground electrode 21 is a generally rectangular flexible sheet member capable of being shaped to fit the contour of the parts of the body as a leg or arm. As shown, in FIG. 2. the electrode 21 is placed on the table 12 so as to engage a large area of the skin in the posterior of the patient 11.
  • ground electrode 21 has a flat and flexible base layer 26 which may be made of cardboard, paper or similar flexible and electrically insulative material. Located over the top surface of the base layer 26 is an electrical conductive skin 27. Skin 27 can be a metal sheet or foil, as aluminum foil. The base layer 26 is impregnated with a plastic material which bonds the skin 27 to the base layer 26. The plastic material increases the thermal characteristics of the electrode so that it can be placed in the autoclave for sterilization and is liquid proof.
  • Electrode 21 usable as a disposable item with an electrosurgical unit is as'follows:
  • the base layer is an 11 X 14inch rectangular sheet of flexible, electrically insulative, cardboard about .024-.022 inches thick.
  • a .003 inch aluminum foil covers the entire top surface of the cardboard and is bonded to the top surface of the cardboard with plastic bonding material impregnated in the cardboard.
  • the plastic material makes the cardboard liquid and waterproof and autoclavable.
  • An end flange or flap 28 of electrode 21 is turned over and secured to the back of the base 26 with a bonding material 29, as adhesive or glue, to form a stop edge 31.
  • the releasable con necter 23 cooperates with stop edge 31 to prevent the accidental removal of the connecter.
  • the plastic impregnated in the base 26 may be utilized to bond the base and flange 28 together thereby to eliminate the bonding material 29.
  • ground electrode 21 has a generally rectangular shape with the flange 28 extended transversely across the electrode 21.
  • Theskin 27 of the electrode has broken guide lines 32 to outline a square area approximately 100 square inches. The lines are parallel to the sides and ends ofthe electrode. Lincs32 outline a 10 inch square.
  • broken lines 33 outline a rectangular area which is generally I00 square inches. Lines 33 also extend parallel to the sides and ends of the electrode and outline an area of approximately I00 square inches.
  • Extended across the end of electrode 27 is a broken fold line 34 providing a guide for turning flange 31 under base layer 26 as shown in FIG. 8.
  • Flange 28 may be prefolded and secured to base layer 26 as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the releasable connecter 23 comprises a'wide C-clamp 35 pivotally mounting a pair of con verging levers 36 and 37.
  • the forward ends of the levers engage the open ends of theC-clamp so that the biasing force of the C-clamp holds the open ends of the levers into engagement with each other.
  • Lever 36' has the forward flat end 38 having rectangular flat surface which is in substantial surface cable or line 19.
  • a ground plate electrode21 connected by cable or line 22 to v transformer 17 completes the circuit through the patient.
  • Lever 37 has an inwardly turned leg 39 which engages the bottom of the base layer 26 to hold the skin 27 in surface contact with the flat end 38.
  • the terminal portion of leg 39 initially engages the bottom of base the bottom of base layer 26 the end of the leg is in alinement with the stop end 31. This prevents accidental removal of the C-clamp from the ground electrode 21. in the event that the necter relative to the electrode 21.
  • the flat end 38 of lever 36 remains in surface contact with skin 27 providing continuous electrical connection.
  • the C-clamp and diverging portions of the levers 36 and 37 are coated with an insulating material 41 to preclude the grounding ofthe clamp and cable.
  • The'wire of cable 22 is secured by a permanent connection 42 to the end of the lever 36. This permanent electrical connection between the cable and the connecter is enclosed with insulating material 41.
  • FIG. 8 there is shown a ground electrode 21 associatedwith a connecter 23.
  • the end flange 28 of electrode 21 is not secured to the base layer 26.
  • the flange 28 is formed by folding the electrode along the fold line 34 shown in FIG. 4.
  • the stop end 31 will lodge in a transverse pocket 43 formed between the leg 39 and the forward end of the lever 37. This prevents accidental removal of the connecter from the electrode.
  • Connecter 44 is an elongated C-clamp 46 pivotally carrying a pair of converging levers 47 and 48.
  • the forward portion of lever 47 has a flat surface which engages the skin 27. This surface is held in engagement with the skin by the action of the lever 48 on the base 26.
  • Lever 48 has an upwardly directed flange-51 formed with a plurality of transversely spaced teeth 52.
  • the biasing force of the C-clamp 46 forces teeth 52 into the biting engagement with the base layer 26 along the entire width of the C-clamp thereby holding the connecter in assembled relation with the ground electrode 2]..
  • the electrode 21 being a relatively large flexible plate will bend and take the shape of the contour of the body so that maximum skinarea is engaged by the metal skin of the electrode.
  • the ground electrode 21 is initially cut along the lines 32 or 33 to a shape to ensure the maximum skin contact with the patient.
  • An electrode to be used on a limb is cut to a rectangular shape represented by line 33 to provide an elongated surface which may be wrapped around the limb.
  • the electrode 21 can be cut to any shape and the corners can be trimmed to reduce exposed parts of the skin 27. This substantially reduces the likelihood of the surgeon or nurses from accidentally contacting the grounded skin 27.
  • the flange 28 is turned about the line 34 so that the stop end 31 would cooperate with the leg 39 or its pocket 43 to prevent the accidental removal of the connecter from the electrode.
  • the connecter is attachedto the electrode by opening the forward portions of the levers 36 and 37 and inserting the one edge of the electrode between the levers as shown in FIG. 7.
  • the biasing action of the C-clamp closes the levers providing surface contact between the base layer 26 and the skin 27 as shown in FIG. 6.
  • This provides relatively large surface contact between the connecter 23 and the skin 27 to insure proper electrical connection between the connecter and the electrode.
  • the large surface area electrical connection between the patient and the electrode reduces the chance that the current will follow an alternate path to the ground in places where the patient's skin touches the grounded table 12. This eliminates relatively small area contact when there is high concentrated current density which will develop heat and cause burns.
  • With the base layer 26 having electrical insulating-properties the skin 27 is not grounded on table 12. This eliminates collateral current flow through the table.
  • the electrode 21 is disposed of.
  • the connecter 23 is cleaned beforeattached to another electrode.
  • Aground plate electrode for engaging a surface ofa body and an electrical connecter comprising in combination: an electrode having a base layer and an electrically-conductive skin secured to and substantially covering at least one surface of the base layer, said electrically-conductive skin having a surface area of substantially about lOO square inches for engagement with the surface of a body, one edge of said electrode having a flange, an electrical connecter releasably at' tached to the electrode.
  • said connecter having a member with a flat electrical conductive surface located in surface engagement with a portion of the skin, means cooperating with the flange to prevent accidental separation of the connecter from the electrode, and holding means for maintaining the electrical conductive surface in surface engagement with the skin.
  • said holding means is a C spring member
  • said connecter including levers projected through openings in the back of the C member and engageable with the open sides of the C member, andan electrical insulative coating enclosing the C member and portions of the levers projected outwardly from the back of the C member.
  • indicia means on the electrode outlining the surface area on the electrically-conductive skin of square inches to insure sub stantial electrical contact of the skin with the surface of a body.
  • a plate electrode and electrical connecter comprising in combination: a plate electrode consisting of a one-piece sheet member having a nonelectrical conductive base, an electrical conductive skin means substantially covering one side of the base, and means securing the entire inner side of said skin means to the one side of the base, said skin means having a substantial surface area for engagement with the surface of a body to make a large surface-electrical contact between the skin means and the body, an electrical connecter releasably attached to one end ofthc plate electrode, said connecter having a first lever and a second lever, at least one of said levers having flat electrical conductor means in substantial surface engagement with the skin means at one end of the plate electrode, holding means for maintaining the levers together in closed positions so that the flat electrica'l conductor means is held in surfaceengagement with the skin means, and coacting means on said one end of the plate electrode, formed by turning one edge on itself to form a flange having a stop edge at said one end of the plate electrode, and a leg facing the flat electrical conductor
  • ground plate electrode has indicia means outlining a minimum surface area of the skin means to. insure a substantial electrical contact between the skin means and the surface of a body.
  • a plate electrode for engaging a surface of a body and an'electrical connecter comprising: a plate electrode consisting of a one-piece sheet member having a nonelectrical conductive base, an electrical conductive skin means secured to one side of the base. said skin means having a substantial surface area for engagement with the surface of a body to make a large surface electrical contact between the skin means and the body. one edge of said sheet member having a portion turned on itself forming a flange with a stop edge, an electrical connecter releasably attached to said sheet member. said connecter having an electrical conductor means located in sub stantial surface engagement with the skin means.
  • leg means in engagement with the nonelectrical conductive base and cooperating with the stop edge of the flange to prevent accidental separation of the connecter from the sheet member.
  • means providing a space for accommodating the flange when folded back. and holding means for maintaining the electrical conductor means in surface engagement with the skin means.
  • the electrode and connecter of claim 16 wherein the skin means has substantially about 100 square inches.
  • the electrodeand connecter of claim 16 wherein the connecter has a first member carrying the electrical conductor means and a second member providing the space for the

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
US711949A 1968-03-11 1968-03-11 Disposable ground plate electrode Expired - Lifetime US3543760A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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US71194968A 1968-03-11 1968-03-11

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DE (1) DE1904839A1 (nl)
DK (1) DK124307B (nl)
FR (1) FR2003610A1 (nl)
GB (1) GB1256603A (nl)
NL (1) NL161673C (nl)
SE (1) SE359024B (nl)

Cited By (54)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3662757A (en) * 1969-04-25 1972-05-16 Matburn Holdings Ltd Diathermy plate electrode
US3817253A (en) * 1972-11-28 1974-06-18 Dentsply Int Inc Passive electrode and clamp therefor
US3831589A (en) * 1973-01-29 1974-08-27 Beckman Instruments Inc Surface electrode adapted for use with rheographic apparatus
US3960141A (en) * 1975-03-06 1976-06-01 Bolduc Lee R Electrosurgical and ECG monitoring system
EP0137500A2 (de) * 1983-10-13 1985-04-17 Jürgen Prof. Dr. Morgenstern Physiologische Messonde
US4664118A (en) * 1982-08-30 1987-05-12 Batters Robert C Electrical therapeutic assembly and method for reducing pain and edema in a human body
US4702256A (en) * 1984-10-24 1987-10-27 Andover Medical Incorporated Electrical connector for a disposable electrode
US5012810A (en) * 1988-09-22 1991-05-07 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Biomedical electrode construction
US5078139A (en) * 1988-09-22 1992-01-07 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Biomedical electrode construction
US5374283A (en) * 1993-12-01 1994-12-20 Flick; A. Bart Electrical therapeutic apparatus
US5584872A (en) * 1992-11-13 1996-12-17 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. Electrophysiology energy treatment devices and methods of use
US5624281A (en) * 1994-12-14 1997-04-29 Christensson; Eddy K. G. Clasp structure for biomedical electrodes
WO1998018396A1 (en) * 1996-10-30 1998-05-07 Megadyne Medical Products, Inc. Reusable electrosurgical return pad
US6053910A (en) * 1996-10-30 2000-04-25 Megadyne Medical Products, Inc. Capacitive reusable electrosurgical return electrode
WO2000032122A1 (en) * 1998-11-30 2000-06-08 Megadyne Medical Products, Inc. Resistive reusable electrosurgical return electrode
US6454764B1 (en) 1996-10-30 2002-09-24 Richard P. Fleenor Self-limiting electrosurgical return electrode
US6544258B2 (en) 1996-10-30 2003-04-08 Mega-Dyne Medical Products, Inc. Pressure sore pad having self-limiting electrosurgical return electrode properties and optional heating/cooling capabilities
US6582424B2 (en) 1996-10-30 2003-06-24 Megadyne Medical Products, Inc. Capacitive reusable electrosurgical return electrode
US20040152942A1 (en) * 2001-03-30 2004-08-05 Mitsuhiro Denda Method for accelerating the improvement of barrier function of skin
US20050021022A1 (en) * 2002-09-25 2005-01-27 Sturm Thomas A. Multiple RF return pad contact detection system
US20050079752A1 (en) * 2001-06-01 2005-04-14 Ehr Chris J Return pad cable connector
US20050113817A1 (en) * 2003-11-21 2005-05-26 Isaacson James D. Tuned return electrode with matching inductor
US6923805B1 (en) 1992-11-13 2005-08-02 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. Electrophysiology energy treatment devices and methods of use
WO2005079465A2 (en) * 2004-02-17 2005-09-01 Epstein Stephen T Unitary biomedical electrode having an attachment flap and its associated method of manufacture
US20060030195A1 (en) * 2001-06-01 2006-02-09 Ehr Chris J Return pad cable connector
EP1707151A2 (en) 2005-03-31 2006-10-04 Sherwood Services AG Temperature regulating patient return electrode and return electrode monitoring system
US7166102B2 (en) 1996-10-30 2007-01-23 Megadyne Medical Products, Inc. Self-limiting electrosurgical return electrode
US7214847B1 (en) 1997-09-22 2007-05-08 Argentum Medical, L.L.C. Multilayer conductive appliance having wound healing and analgesic properties
US7230153B2 (en) 1997-09-22 2007-06-12 Argentum International, Llc Multilayer conductive appliance having wound healing and analgesic properties
US20070169184A1 (en) * 2006-01-13 2007-07-19 Fortinet, Inc. Computerized system and method for advanced network content processing
US7291762B2 (en) 1997-09-22 2007-11-06 Argentum International, Llc Multilayer conductive appliance having wound healing and analgesic properties
US7637907B2 (en) 2006-09-19 2009-12-29 Covidien Ag System and method for return electrode monitoring
US7722603B2 (en) 2006-09-28 2010-05-25 Covidien Ag Smart return electrode pad
US7736359B2 (en) 2006-01-12 2010-06-15 Covidien Ag RF return pad current detection system
US20100217260A1 (en) * 2009-02-26 2010-08-26 Megadyne Medical Products, Inc. Self-limiting electrosurgical return electrode with pressure sore reduction and heating capabilities
US7927329B2 (en) 2006-09-28 2011-04-19 Covidien Ag Temperature sensing return electrode pad
US8021360B2 (en) 2007-04-03 2011-09-20 Tyco Healthcare Group Lp System and method for providing even heat distribution and cooling return pads
US8080007B2 (en) 2007-05-07 2011-12-20 Tyco Healthcare Group Lp Capacitive electrosurgical return pad with contact quality monitoring
US8100898B2 (en) 2007-08-01 2012-01-24 Tyco Healthcare Group Lp System and method for return electrode monitoring
US8118791B2 (en) 1995-09-05 2012-02-21 Argentum Medical, Llc Medical device
US8231614B2 (en) 2007-05-11 2012-07-31 Tyco Healthcare Group Lp Temperature monitoring return electrode
US8283513B2 (en) 1995-09-05 2012-10-09 Argentum Medical, Llc Multilayer wound dressing
US8388612B2 (en) 2007-05-11 2013-03-05 Covidien Lp Temperature monitoring return electrode
US8449514B2 (en) 1997-09-22 2013-05-28 Argentum Medical, Llc Conductive wound dressings and methods of use
US8777940B2 (en) 2007-04-03 2014-07-15 Covidien Lp System and method for providing even heat distribution and cooling return pads
US8801703B2 (en) 2007-08-01 2014-08-12 Covidien Lp System and method for return electrode monitoring
US8808161B2 (en) 2003-10-23 2014-08-19 Covidien Ag Redundant temperature monitoring in electrosurgical systems for safety mitigation
US9867650B2 (en) 2013-12-26 2018-01-16 Megadyne Medical Products, Inc. Universal self-limiting electrosurgical return electrode
US10085791B2 (en) 2013-12-26 2018-10-02 Megadyne Medical Products, Inc. Universal self-limiting electrosurgical return electrode
US10492880B2 (en) * 2012-07-30 2019-12-03 Ethicon Llc Needle probe guide
US10779882B2 (en) 2009-10-28 2020-09-22 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Electrical ablation devices
US11284918B2 (en) 2012-05-14 2022-03-29 Cilag GmbH Inlernational Apparatus for introducing a steerable camera assembly into a patient
US11399834B2 (en) 2008-07-14 2022-08-02 Cilag Gmbh International Tissue apposition clip application methods
US11484191B2 (en) 2013-02-27 2022-11-01 Cilag Gmbh International System for performing a minimally invasive surgical procedure

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CH676326A5 (nl) * 1987-12-14 1991-01-15 Intrinsic Ag
ITUB20160858A1 (it) * 2016-02-18 2017-08-18 Mazzanti Roberta Apparato per trattamenti di radiofrequenza

Cited By (91)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3662757A (en) * 1969-04-25 1972-05-16 Matburn Holdings Ltd Diathermy plate electrode
US3817253A (en) * 1972-11-28 1974-06-18 Dentsply Int Inc Passive electrode and clamp therefor
US3831589A (en) * 1973-01-29 1974-08-27 Beckman Instruments Inc Surface electrode adapted for use with rheographic apparatus
US3960141A (en) * 1975-03-06 1976-06-01 Bolduc Lee R Electrosurgical and ECG monitoring system
US4664118A (en) * 1982-08-30 1987-05-12 Batters Robert C Electrical therapeutic assembly and method for reducing pain and edema in a human body
EP0137500A2 (de) * 1983-10-13 1985-04-17 Jürgen Prof. Dr. Morgenstern Physiologische Messonde
EP0137500A3 (nl) * 1983-10-13 1985-06-05 Jurgen Prof. Dr. Morgenstern
US4702256A (en) * 1984-10-24 1987-10-27 Andover Medical Incorporated Electrical connector for a disposable electrode
US5012810A (en) * 1988-09-22 1991-05-07 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Biomedical electrode construction
US5078139A (en) * 1988-09-22 1992-01-07 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Biomedical electrode construction
US6923805B1 (en) 1992-11-13 2005-08-02 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. Electrophysiology energy treatment devices and methods of use
US6168594B1 (en) 1992-11-13 2001-01-02 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. Electrophysiology RF energy treatment device
US5584872A (en) * 1992-11-13 1996-12-17 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. Electrophysiology energy treatment devices and methods of use
US5902328A (en) * 1992-11-13 1999-05-11 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. Electrophysiology energy treatment device and method of use
US5374283A (en) * 1993-12-01 1994-12-20 Flick; A. Bart Electrical therapeutic apparatus
US5624281A (en) * 1994-12-14 1997-04-29 Christensson; Eddy K. G. Clasp structure for biomedical electrodes
US5944562A (en) * 1994-12-14 1999-08-31 Christensson; Eddy K. G. Clasp structure for biomedical electrodes
US8801681B2 (en) 1995-09-05 2014-08-12 Argentum Medical, Llc Medical device
US8118791B2 (en) 1995-09-05 2012-02-21 Argentum Medical, Llc Medical device
US8283513B2 (en) 1995-09-05 2012-10-09 Argentum Medical, Llc Multilayer wound dressing
US8293964B2 (en) 1995-09-05 2012-10-23 Argentum Medical, Llc Multilayer laminate wound dressing
US6083221A (en) * 1996-10-30 2000-07-04 Megadyne Medical Products, Inc. Resistive reusable electrosurgical return electrode
AU731933B2 (en) * 1996-10-30 2001-04-05 Megadyne Medical Products, Inc. Reusable electrosurgical return pad
US6582424B2 (en) 1996-10-30 2003-06-24 Megadyne Medical Products, Inc. Capacitive reusable electrosurgical return electrode
US6666859B1 (en) 1996-10-30 2003-12-23 Megadyne Medical Products, Inc. Self-limiting electrosurgical return electrode
WO1998018396A1 (en) * 1996-10-30 1998-05-07 Megadyne Medical Products, Inc. Reusable electrosurgical return pad
US7166102B2 (en) 1996-10-30 2007-01-23 Megadyne Medical Products, Inc. Self-limiting electrosurgical return electrode
US6454764B1 (en) 1996-10-30 2002-09-24 Richard P. Fleenor Self-limiting electrosurgical return electrode
US7367971B2 (en) 1996-10-30 2008-05-06 Megadyne Medical Products, Inc. Self-limiting electrosurgical return electrode
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2003610A1 (nl) 1969-11-14
DE1904839B2 (nl) 1971-02-11
DE1904839A1 (de) 1969-10-02
NL161673B (nl) 1979-10-15
DK124307B (da) 1972-10-09
SE359024B (nl) 1973-08-20
NL161673C (nl) 1980-03-17
GB1256603A (nl) 1971-12-08
NL6903495A (nl) 1969-09-15

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