US3464404A - Bio-medical instrumentation electrode - Google Patents

Bio-medical instrumentation electrode Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3464404A
US3464404A US558316A US3464404DA US3464404A US 3464404 A US3464404 A US 3464404A US 558316 A US558316 A US 558316A US 3464404D A US3464404D A US 3464404DA US 3464404 A US3464404 A US 3464404A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
electrode
bio
medical instrumentation
paste
elements
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US558316A
Inventor
Robert E Mason
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Johns Hopkins University
Original Assignee
Johns Hopkins University
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Johns Hopkins University filed Critical Johns Hopkins University
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3464404A publication Critical patent/US3464404A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61NELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/02Details
    • A61N1/04Electrodes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/25Bioelectric electrodes therefor
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/25Bioelectric electrodes therefor
    • A61B5/251Means for maintaining electrode contact with the body
    • A61B5/257Means for maintaining electrode contact with the body using adhesive means, e.g. adhesive pads or tapes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S65/00Glass manufacturing
    • Y10S65/06Glass electrode

Definitions

  • BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION ELECTRODE Filed June 17, 1966 ROBERT E. MASON INVENIOR ATTORNEY Maw/ 91m 3,464,404 BIO-MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION ELECTRODE Robert E. Mason, Baltimore, Md., assignor to The Johns Hopkins University, a corporation of Maryland Filed June 17, 1966, Ser. No. 558,316 Int. Cl. A61b 5/04 U.S. Cl. 128-2.06 7 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
  • a bio-medical instrumentation electrode having a paste immersed, plastic mounted metallic mesh as a flexible, ventilated electrode, providing constancy of contact by avoidance of pressure diflerences between the paste and the atmosphere.
  • This invention relates generally to diagnostic medical devices, and more particularly it pertains to electrocardiograph body contact brushes.
  • principal objects of this invention are to provide an electrode for body attachment which is of very low mass and one which adheres tightly to the skin and which conducts solely through a layer of electrode paste.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide an inexpensive one-use disposable electrode which provides uniform area of contact despite variations in the quantity of electrode paste used.
  • Still another object of this invention is to provide an electrocardiograph electrode which is free of casual metalto-skin contact under Working stress of the patient to give reliable EKG records free from baseline drift despite rapid respiration and sweating.
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded view of the components of a novel electrode incorporating features of this invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross section of the electrode of FIG. 1 installed on the skin of a patient.
  • reference numeral 10 indicates generally an electrode.
  • This electrode 10 comprises an assembly made up of two centrally apertured wafers 12 and 14 of very thin flexible plastic sheet.
  • a washer or collar 18 of flexible plastic approximately one-half mm. in thickness is centrally placed upon the bottom wafer 14 and on top of this a disc 16 of fine stainless steel wire cloth is centered.
  • a fine flexible insulated wire 20 is soldered to the top of this disc 16 and brought up through the apertured top wafer 12 and the latter is then brought down over the assembly and welded or cemented to the bottom wafer 14.
  • the underside of wafer 14 is coated with adhesive 26 and a temporary cover disc 24 of paper is thereupon atfixed.
  • a pin connector 22 is soldered to the remote end of lead 20 of suitable type for connection to a receptacle (not shown) leading to the measuring equipment.
  • the electrode 10 is prepared for service by peeling off and discarding the paper cover disc 24 to expose the States Patent 0 adhesive 26.
  • An electrode paste 28 of the usual kind is placed within the cavity 30 comprising the interior of collar 18 and then the electrode 10 is attached by means of the adhesive 26 to the skin S of the patient as shown in FIG. 2.
  • An electrode comprising, first and second spaced centrally apertured non-metallic flexible elements, a third centrally apertured non-metallic flexible element positioned between said first and second elements to space said first and second elements from each other, with the aperture of said first, second and third elements being in axial alignment with each other, a metallic mesh material positioned in axial alignment between one of said first and second elements and said third element, electrical lead means secured to said mesh material over an area small with respect to the area of said mesh material aligned with the aperture of said first element, said electrical lead means passing through the aperture of said first element, and means including an adhesive positioned on the exposed face of said second element.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)

Description

p 2, 1969 V R. E. MASON 3,464,404
BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION ELECTRODE Filed June 17, 1966 ROBERT E. MASON INVENIOR ATTORNEY Maw/ 91m 3,464,404 BIO-MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION ELECTRODE Robert E. Mason, Baltimore, Md., assignor to The Johns Hopkins University, a corporation of Maryland Filed June 17, 1966, Ser. No. 558,316 Int. Cl. A61b 5/04 U.S. Cl. 128-2.06 7 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A bio-medical instrumentation electrode having a paste immersed, plastic mounted metallic mesh as a flexible, ventilated electrode, providing constancy of contact by avoidance of pressure diflerences between the paste and the atmosphere.
This invention relates generally to diagnostic medical devices, and more particularly it pertains to electrocardiograph body contact brushes.
Stress electrocardiography has recently become important in coronary disease diagnosis. In this work the patient is required to exercise while electrodes, attached at many places to his body, record significant electric signals. To eliminate distortions of the record due to electrode-to-skin factors from rapid muscular activity and sweating, it has been necessary to develop a novel electrode.
Accordingly, principal objects of this invention are to provide an electrode for body attachment which is of very low mass and one which adheres tightly to the skin and which conducts solely through a layer of electrode paste.
Another object of this invention is to provide an inexpensive one-use disposable electrode which provides uniform area of contact despite variations in the quantity of electrode paste used.
Still another object of this invention is to provide an electrocardiograph electrode which is free of casual metalto-skin contact under Working stress of the patient to give reliable EKG records free from baseline drift despite rapid respiration and sweating.
Other objects and attendant advantages of this invention will become more readily apparent and understood from the following detailed specification and single sheet of accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is an exploded view of the components of a novel electrode incorporating features of this invention; and
FIG. 2 is a cross section of the electrode of FIG. 1 installed on the skin of a patient.
With reference now to FIGS. 1 and 2 of the drawings, reference numeral 10 indicates generally an electrode. This electrode 10 comprises an assembly made up of two centrally apertured wafers 12 and 14 of very thin flexible plastic sheet.
A washer or collar 18 of flexible plastic approximately one-half mm. in thickness is centrally placed upon the bottom wafer 14 and on top of this a disc 16 of fine stainless steel wire cloth is centered. A fine flexible insulated wire 20 is soldered to the top of this disc 16 and brought up through the apertured top wafer 12 and the latter is then brought down over the assembly and welded or cemented to the bottom wafer 14. The underside of wafer 14 is coated with adhesive 26 and a temporary cover disc 24 of paper is thereupon atfixed.
A pin connector 22 is soldered to the remote end of lead 20 of suitable type for connection to a receptacle (not shown) leading to the measuring equipment.
The electrode 10 is prepared for service by peeling off and discarding the paper cover disc 24 to expose the States Patent 0 adhesive 26. An electrode paste 28 of the usual kind is placed within the cavity 30 comprising the interior of collar 18 and then the electrode 10 is attached by means of the adhesive 26 to the skin S of the patient as shown in FIG. 2.
It will be noted there is very little mass to this assembly and it conforms closely to the contour of the body of the patient. The metal parts never touch the body and should there be an excess of paste 28, it will overflow through the mesh of disc 16 rather than extend around on the surface of the skin S in an indefinite contact area.
Obviously, many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings. It is, therefore, to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.
What is claimed is:
1. An electrode, comprising, first and second spaced centrally apertured non-metallic flexible elements, a third centrally apertured non-metallic flexible element positioned between said first and second elements to space said first and second elements from each other, with the aperture of said first, second and third elements being in axial alignment with each other, a metallic mesh material positioned in axial alignment between one of said first and second elements and said third element, electrical lead means secured to said mesh material over an area small with respect to the area of said mesh material aligned with the aperture of said first element, said electrical lead means passing through the aperture of said first element, and means including an adhesive positioned on the exposed face of said second element.
2. An electrode as recited in claim 1, and additionally means including a removable cover for said adhesive.
3. An electrode as recited in claim 1, and additionally means including an electrode paste positioned in the aperture of said third element.
4. An electrode as recited in claim 1, wherein said first and second elements consist of two centrally apertured wafers formed of thin flexible plastic sheet.
5. An electrode as recited in claim 4, wherein said third element consists of a collar of greater thickness than said first and second elements.
6. An electrode as recited in claim 5, wherein said metallic mesh material consists of a fine stainless steel wire cloth.
7. An electrode as recited in claim 6, and additionally means including an electrode paste positioned in the cavity of said collar.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,632,447 3/1953 Dobes 128-404 2,943,628 7/1960 Howell 128-418 2,985,172 5/1961 Jones 128-416 3,085,577 4/1963 Berrnan et al. 128-418 3,151,619 10/1964 Sullivan 128-417 3,170,459 2/ 1965 Phipps et a1 128-206 3,187,745 6/1965 Baum et a1. 128-206 3,295,515 1/1967 Kahn 1282.06 3,340,868 9/1967 Darling 128-206 FOREIGN PATENTS 54,063 3/ 1967 Germany.
RICHARD A. GAUDET, Primary Examiner KYLE HOWELL, Assistant Examiner US. Cl. X.R. 128-417
US558316A 1966-06-17 1966-06-17 Bio-medical instrumentation electrode Expired - Lifetime US3464404A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US55831666A 1966-06-17 1966-06-17

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3464404A true US3464404A (en) 1969-09-02

Family

ID=24229075

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US558316A Expired - Lifetime US3464404A (en) 1966-06-17 1966-06-17 Bio-medical instrumentation electrode

Country Status (1)

Country Link
US (1) US3464404A (en)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3566860A (en) * 1968-12-20 1971-03-02 United Aircraft Corp Carbon-impregnated body electrode
US3581736A (en) * 1968-12-20 1971-06-01 Ilias Zenkich Electrocardiograph electrode
US3590810A (en) * 1968-05-27 1971-07-06 Honeywell Inc Biomedical body electrode
US3599629A (en) * 1968-08-28 1971-08-17 Lexington Instr Oxidized surface biopotential skin electrode
US3946730A (en) * 1972-01-21 1976-03-30 Ndm Corporation Biomedical electrode assembly
US4067321A (en) * 1976-06-29 1978-01-10 Governor Of Tokyo Metropolis Electrodes for electroencephalographic examinations
US4576170A (en) * 1980-07-09 1986-03-18 Micro-Circuits Company Heart monitor and defibrillator device
US4579120A (en) * 1982-09-30 1986-04-01 Cordis Corporation Strain relief for percutaneous lead
US4635646A (en) * 1983-11-10 1987-01-13 Ascher Gilles Portable apparatus for monitoring heart activity
US4736752A (en) * 1986-11-28 1988-04-12 Axelgaard Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Transcutaneous medical electrode
US5197472A (en) * 1991-07-26 1993-03-30 Graphic Controls Corporation Disposable leg plate electrode assembly
US5404876A (en) * 1994-01-26 1995-04-11 Graphic Controls Corporation Disposable leg plate assembly having floating reference electrode
US5474574A (en) * 1992-06-24 1995-12-12 Cardiac Science, Inc. Automatic external cardioverter/defibrillator
US9126055B2 (en) 2012-04-20 2015-09-08 Cardiac Science Corporation AED faster time to shock method and device

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE54063C (en) * G. L. HILLE, G. A. AUDSLEY und M. A. AUDSLEY in 45 Finsbury Pavement, London E.C., England Method and machine for dyeing and painting rubber balls
US2632447A (en) * 1948-05-12 1953-03-24 Cowan Mfg Co Electric applicator
US2943628A (en) * 1957-02-27 1960-07-05 William L Howell Electrode assembly
US2985172A (en) * 1959-08-31 1961-05-23 William C Jones Tissue contact electrode
US3085577A (en) * 1961-06-12 1963-04-16 Vector Mfg Company Inc Body electrode
US3151619A (en) * 1961-07-17 1964-10-06 Spacelab Inc Electrode for electromedical equipment
US3170459A (en) * 1962-03-20 1965-02-23 Clifford G Phipps Bio-medical instrumentation electrode
US3187745A (en) * 1961-08-01 1965-06-08 Melpar Inc Electrodes
US3295515A (en) * 1963-11-05 1967-01-03 Beckman Instruments Inc Electrode assembly
US3340868A (en) * 1965-03-05 1967-09-12 Gen Electric Body signal pickup electrode

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE54063C (en) * G. L. HILLE, G. A. AUDSLEY und M. A. AUDSLEY in 45 Finsbury Pavement, London E.C., England Method and machine for dyeing and painting rubber balls
US2632447A (en) * 1948-05-12 1953-03-24 Cowan Mfg Co Electric applicator
US2943628A (en) * 1957-02-27 1960-07-05 William L Howell Electrode assembly
US2985172A (en) * 1959-08-31 1961-05-23 William C Jones Tissue contact electrode
US3085577A (en) * 1961-06-12 1963-04-16 Vector Mfg Company Inc Body electrode
US3151619A (en) * 1961-07-17 1964-10-06 Spacelab Inc Electrode for electromedical equipment
US3187745A (en) * 1961-08-01 1965-06-08 Melpar Inc Electrodes
US3170459A (en) * 1962-03-20 1965-02-23 Clifford G Phipps Bio-medical instrumentation electrode
US3295515A (en) * 1963-11-05 1967-01-03 Beckman Instruments Inc Electrode assembly
US3340868A (en) * 1965-03-05 1967-09-12 Gen Electric Body signal pickup electrode

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3590810A (en) * 1968-05-27 1971-07-06 Honeywell Inc Biomedical body electrode
US3599629A (en) * 1968-08-28 1971-08-17 Lexington Instr Oxidized surface biopotential skin electrode
US3566860A (en) * 1968-12-20 1971-03-02 United Aircraft Corp Carbon-impregnated body electrode
US3581736A (en) * 1968-12-20 1971-06-01 Ilias Zenkich Electrocardiograph electrode
US3946730A (en) * 1972-01-21 1976-03-30 Ndm Corporation Biomedical electrode assembly
US4067321A (en) * 1976-06-29 1978-01-10 Governor Of Tokyo Metropolis Electrodes for electroencephalographic examinations
US4576170A (en) * 1980-07-09 1986-03-18 Micro-Circuits Company Heart monitor and defibrillator device
US4579120A (en) * 1982-09-30 1986-04-01 Cordis Corporation Strain relief for percutaneous lead
US4635646A (en) * 1983-11-10 1987-01-13 Ascher Gilles Portable apparatus for monitoring heart activity
US4736752A (en) * 1986-11-28 1988-04-12 Axelgaard Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Transcutaneous medical electrode
US5197472A (en) * 1991-07-26 1993-03-30 Graphic Controls Corporation Disposable leg plate electrode assembly
US5474574A (en) * 1992-06-24 1995-12-12 Cardiac Science, Inc. Automatic external cardioverter/defibrillator
US5404876A (en) * 1994-01-26 1995-04-11 Graphic Controls Corporation Disposable leg plate assembly having floating reference electrode
US9126055B2 (en) 2012-04-20 2015-09-08 Cardiac Science Corporation AED faster time to shock method and device

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3505993A (en) Electrocardiograph electrodes with surface convexities
US3464404A (en) Bio-medical instrumentation electrode
US7366558B2 (en) Electrode for obtaining a biopotential signal
US3498291A (en) Body signal sensing electrode apparatus
US4685466A (en) Measuring sensor for the non-invasive detection of electro-physiological quantities
US3380445A (en) Electrical pickup structure for electrocardiographs and the like
US4583549A (en) ECG electrode pad
EP0509704B1 (en) Biomedical electrode having centrally-positiond tab construction
US3607788A (en) Liquid electrode material
US4050453A (en) Radiotransparent electrode
US3295515A (en) Electrode assembly
US3752151A (en) Disposable medical electrode with laminate contact member
KR910005881Y1 (en) Electrode for electrocardiogram examination
EP0199213A2 (en) Shielded, self-preparing electrode suitable for electroencephalographic mapping
EP1364614B1 (en) Voltage measuring device comprising fixing member, electrode and transmitter
KR20170019033A (en) Sensor for measuring biological signal
JP2023518580A (en) Medical electrode and its system
US3411495A (en) Bio-electrical sensor
US5226225A (en) Method of making a biomedical electrode
JPS5813182B2 (en) X-ray transparent electrode and lead wire
JP2001340311A (en) Living body electrode and method for mounting the same
JPH052163Y2 (en)
CN211962036U (en) Electrode structure and biological information monitoring system
JPS6026527B2 (en) Biological electrode
JP3020953U (en) Bioelectrode shield and bioelectrode using the shield