US3347059A

US3347059A - Heat pump

Info

Publication number: US3347059A
Application number: US566088A
Authority: US
Inventors: Laing Nikolaus
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1964-01-22
Filing date: 1966-07-18
Publication date: 1967-10-17
Anticipated expiration: 1984-10-17
Also published as: FR1424068A; CH446410A; GB1110721A

Description

Oct. 17, 1967 N. LAING 3,347,059

HEAT PUMP Filed July 18, 1966 7 Sheets-Sheet 1 JLZJKHMMMML INVENTOR A al d 4 1 02.

ATTORNEY Filed July 18, 1966 Oct. 17, 1967 HHHHHH MP 7 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR M/M /1 va /Q,-

' ATTORNEY N. LAING 3,347,059

Oct. 17, 1967 N. LAING 3,347,059

HEAT PUMP Filed July 18, 1966 7 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR Al/llo'ld-M L w/1;,

MW f fink-r- ATTORNEY Oct. 17, 1967 1 3,347,059

HEAT PUMP Filed July 18, 1966 7 Sheets-Sheet 4 114M J: u/Hlro- ATTORNEY Oct. 17, 1967 N. LAING 3,347,059

HEAT PUMP Filed July 18, 1966 '7 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR N d lain? ATTORNEY N. LAING HEAT PUMP Oct. 17, 1967 '7 Sheets-Sheet 6 Filed July 18, 1966 ATTORNEY Oct. 17, 1967 Filed July 18, 1966 N. LAING 3,347,059

HEAT PUMP 7 Sheets-Sheet 7 FIG. 9

INVENTOR A i/M l mm: x #01 ATTORNEY United States Patent 3,347,059 HEAT PUMP Nikolaus Laing, 7141 Hofeuer Weg 35-37,

Aldingen, Germany Continuation of application Ser. No. 427,323, Jan. 22, 1965. This application July 18, 1966, Ser. No. 566,088

Claims priority, application Germany, Jan. 22, 1964, r. 46,844, I. 46,845 17 Claims. (Cl. 62-325) This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 427,323, filed Jan. 1, 1965.

The invention relates to heat pumps, i.e., to devices consisting of a heat exchanger operated as a heat source, a device transforming heatsuch as for instance a compressor, an absorber circuit or a Peltier battery--and a heat exchanger operated as a heat sink with a cooling effect.

Up to now these devices which are employed for in stance as air conditioners or cooling units for refrigerators use stationary heat exchangers. Therefore these devices require generally two additional fans, one for the heat exchanger operating as a heat source, the other for the heat exchanger operated as a heat sink, beside-s the heat transforming device which as a rule is a compressor.

In the patent specification the inventor suggests to use a rotating heat exchanger as a condenser for cooling units. These rotating heat exchangers have the advantage that they combine the functions of a fan and a heat exchanger in one and the same unit and are furthermore much less noisy than fans located behind heat exchangersthe dynamic energy of the air stream being reconsumed already Within the rotating heat exchanger-and that they can be designed much smaller than stationary heat exchanger, for the intervals between the fins can be made smaller. This is due to the fact that the centrifugal force narrows the boundary layers predetermining these intervals. Furthermore the heat transfer coefficient increases with decreasing width of the boundary layer, so that the total surface, if compared with the same throughout velocity, can be much smaller than that of stationary heat exchangers.

Eventually the effect improving the heat transfer becomes especially favourable if these rotating heat exchangers are transversed by the throughput flow twice in opposite directions, as this is the case in crossflow fans.

The invention relates to heap pumps in which both heat exchangers are rotating heat exchangers, and in which furthermore the heat transforming device-as a rule the compressor-is combined with the two rotating heat exchangers in one and the same rotating unit. This allows for the construction of extremely compact heat pumps, for instance air conditioners, which have the additional advantage of an extremely low noise level.

FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of a rotating heat exchanger according to the present invention;

'FIG. 2 is a transverse cross section of the heat exchanger of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a partial perspective view of another embodiment;

FIG. 4 is a partial cross section of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is an axial cross section through a further embodiment;

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a cross section taken along the plane VII-VII of FIG. 5 and drawn to an enlarged scale;

FIG. 8 is an axial cross section through a fourth embodiment; and

FIG. 9 is a cross section taken along the line IX-IX of FIG. 8.

The following description of the figures explains the process:

FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of a rotating heat exchanger in which the coolant enters the heat exchanger at 1, is conducted from there to the even-numbered blades 2, through the annular-shaped fins 3 which are equipped with channels 4, to the uneven-numbered blades 5 and from there back to the channels 6 communicating to the inner tube 7.

FIG. 2 is a cross section of the device shown in FIG. 1 and shows the guide walls 8 and 9. If the rotor rotates in direction of the arrows It), air 11 is sucked into the rotor and blown out again in the outlet area 12 following the streamlines 13. In this Way this heat exchanger is at the same time a fan and a large surface heat exchanger. In this embodiment the coolant is cooled not only in the hollow blades but also in the small channels 4 connecting the even-numbered blades 2 to the uneven-numbered blades 5.

FIG. 3 shows the main features of a rotating heat exchanger rotor in which the annular-shaped surfaces 1'30 are indirect heat exchange surfaces, so that the heat exchange of the coolant is effected exclusively between the hollow blades 131 formed by the projecting parts 140.

FIG. 4 shows the arrangement of the projecting parts 140 which are soldered together in the region 141. FIG. 5 shows a rotating heat pump according to the invention in which two heat exchangers are located side by side similar to the arrangement shown in FIG. 3. The frame 50 has

bearings

51 and 52 at both ends, furthermore it support the stator 53 of a small electrical motor inducing the rotor to rotate. The rotor itself is fixed to the axis 54 of the motor 53 and consists of a compressor 55, a condenser heat exchanger 56 and an evaporator heat exchanger 57. The compressor consists of a stator 58, an armature 59 and a rotary compressor 60. The rotary compressor 60 sucks the coolant tom the cylinder-shaped space 62 through the duct 61, the coolant having been evaporated in the hollow blades 131 and thus having cooled the blades 131 and the fins 130. The compressor transports the compressed coolant through the annular space 64 into the blades 65 where it is condensed, thereby dissipating heat via the fins 66, and collected in a ring of fluid 67 in the space 68. From there it flows through the capillary tubes 69 into the annular space 70 where the circuit starts once more.

FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic view of a rotating heat exchanger as per FIG. 5 built in the Wall of a building. The frame 56 is inserted in a wall opening. The space 72 containing the compressor 55 and the drive motor 53 is sealed; however, it is shown open in the drawing to make it more spectacular. A guide wall 73 runs around the condenser heat exchanger 56. (A cross section of this guide wall is shown in FIG. 7.) This guide wall is supported at both ends by

circular plates

74 and 75. These plates are mounted on balls 76 and are pivotable in all directions. The present embodiment is an example in which the guide wall 73 is pivoted in a way that the condenser heat exchange is evtracted from the room and transferred to the building. The guide wall 78, however, is pivoted in a way that the evaporator heat exchanger 57 communicates with the room inside the building. In this arrangement heat is extracted from the room and transferred to the ambient air outside the building. If the guide wall 73 is pivoted by the heat exchanger 56 which has now only the function of a fan extracts air from the room to the outside; if the guide wall 78 is pivoted by 90 the heat exchanger 57 sucks air from the outside into the torn, this air being cooled in the process. If the cooling effect is not required, the compressor is switched off.

If the guide wall 73 is pivoted by both heat ex- "2: 3

changers

56 and 57 communicate with the air in the room. The heat exchanger 57 extracts humidity from the room air by means of a condenser effect at its cool surface; the heat exchanger 56 transfers heat to the room. The humidity atthe heat exchanger 57 is sprayed in tiny drops against the guide wall 78 where it is conducted to the outside through a tiny tube which is not shown. In this arrange ment the device reduces the relative humidity in the room, i.e. it has an air drying effect. If the guide wall 78 is pivoted by 180 while the guide wall 73 remains in its position communicating to the air outside, the heat pump assumes the function of a room heater.

FIG. 7 is a cross section of FIG. 6 in the plane VIIVII. The air enters the rotor near 88 and leaves the rotor in direction of the arrow 89. As it is already shown in FIG. 2, anadditional guide body 8 is required beside the guide wall 73. All other parts are marked with the same numbers as in FIG. 6.

FIG. 8 is a diagrammatic cross section of another heat pump in which the

rotors

90 and 91 are centrifugal-rotors through which the flow passes radially to the outside. The air enters near 92; the heated or cooled air leaves the rotor in radial direction near 93. The rigidly mounted housing 210 contains two pole rings 221 and 223.

The shaft ends 225 and 226 are mounted in this rigidly mounted housing. The rotors 90 and91 are mounted on these shafts at the outside; at the inside they bear the armature 220 which is sealed to the housing 224. The housing 224 is made of a magnetically ineffective material, for instance stainless steel. Inside the housing 224 which rotates at the same r.p.m. with the fan determined by the armature 220 there is another armature 222 which is allowed to rotate freely inside the housing. Inside this armature 222 is a rotary compressor. In the present case the housing 224 is rotating anti-clockwise, while the armature 222 rotates clockwise induced by the rotating field of the pole ring 223. In this way the r.p.m. are added for the compressor, so that the compressor may be very small.

The compressor sucks the coolant along the lines 208- and transports the compressed coolant along the lines 206 into the heat exchanger 91 which dissipates heat and is employed as a condenser. Then the cooled and compressed gas flows along the line 229 through a duct which may be a capillary tube into the second rotating heat exchanger 90 Where it evaporates so that this heat exchanger is cooled. Then the evaporated coolantreturns to the compressor along the lines 208.

The housing 210 may be built in the wall of a building. It may also be built in the wall of a refrigerator.

If the direction of rotation of the pole ring 221 is reversed, both rotating systems turn in the same direction.

Assuming that the armature 220 runs at 1100 r.p.m. and the armature 222 runs at 3300 r.p.m., this means 4400 r.p.m. for the compressor in the arrangement described above (with opposite directions of rotation); as soon as the direction of rotation of the pole ring 223 is changed, this means 2200 r.p.m., which means that the cooling capacity is reduced to one half. On the other hand, the direction of rotation of the armature 222 may alsobe changed by a corresponding arrangement of the pole ring 223. The result is an inversed circuit, i.e. the flow of the coolant Whose direction is shown by the arrows is reversed, and the heat exchanger 91 becomes a heat extracting evaporatorwhile the heat exchanger 90 becomes a heat dissipating condenser. Also in this case the performance of the compressor may be altered in a relationship of 2:1 by changing the direction of rotation of the armature 220.

FIG. 9 shows a cross section of FIG. 8 along the line IX-IX. Inside the armature 222 is a sleeve 95 eccentric to the axis which contains a centered body 96 equipped with radial slides 97 and two openings 98 and 99 which may be usedalternatively as an inlet or outlet opening for the compressor.

I claim:

1. A heat pump comprising, in combination, support means, condenser heat exchanger means for heating a first fluid circuit; evaporator heat exchanger means for cooling a second fluid circuit in communication with said first fluid circuit; compressor means for compressing a coolant leaving said evaporator heat exchanger means in gaseous state and conveying it to said condenser heat exchanger means, said condenser heat exchanger means 1 and said evaporator heat exchanger means being constructed ,as fan rotors having air revolving me-ans-transversed by the coolant, said condenser heat exchanger means, said evaporator heat exchanger means and said compressor means being connected to each other toform a single unit mounted in said support means turnable about an axis; and drive means for rotating said unit about said axis. A

2. A heat pump as set forth in claim 1, wherein said drive means include a pair of motors, one connected to said unit for rotating the same about said axis and the other connected to said compressor means for driving the same. a

3. A heat pump as set forth inclaim 2, where n said pair of motors are arranged coaxially with said axis.

4. A heat pump as set forth in claim 1, wherein both of said heat exchanger means and said compressor means,

are hermetically sealed to the outside.

5. A heat pump as set forth in claim 1, wherein said heat pump is built in an opening of a wall in such a way that one of said heat exchanger means communicates with the air at one side of the wall and the other heat exchanger means with the air at the other side of said wall.

6. A heat pump as set forth in claim 5, wherein said first and said second circuit may be reversed so that an drive means is reversible so that reversal of said circuits may be effected by changing the direction of rotation of the heat pump.

8. A heat pump as set forth in claim 1, wherein at least one of said heat exchanger means is a radial blower.

9. A heat pump as set forth in claim 1, wherein at least one of said heat exchanger means is a tangential blower.

10. A heat pump as-set forth in claim 1, wherein said air revolving means are in the form of hollow blades and including fins connected to said hollow blades of said fan rotors.

11. A heat pump as set forth in claim 10, wherein said hollow blades are elongated and-extend substantially parallel to said axis, and wherein said fins have annular shape and are respectively located in planes extending transverse to the elongation of said blades.

12. A heat pump as set forth in claim 1, wherein said heat pump is built in an opening of a wall and including a housing for each of said heat exchanger means having an air inlet and an air outlet, each of said housings being mounted in said opening of said wall pivotally about an axis between two positions in such a manner that the respective housing may communicate, when turned to one of said positions, with the air to one side of the wall and, when turned to the other of said positions, with the air to the other side of the Wall.

13. A heat pump as set forth in claim 12, wherein the housing of said condenser heat exchanger means may be turned independently from the housing of the evaporator heat exchanger means and in a direction opposite thereto housings may be turned so that both of said housings communicate with the air to one side of the wall so that L humidity is extracted from the air of a room at said one side of said wall.

15. A heat pump as set forth in claim 2, wherein said one motor has a stator fixed to said support means and a rotor and wherein said unit includes a housing surrounding said compressor means and being fixedly connected to said heat exchanger means for turning with the same about said axis, said rotor of said one motor being fixed to said housing for turning the latter about said axis and said other motor having a stator located in and fixed to said housing for rotation therewith and a rotor fixed to said compressor means for driving the latter.

16. A heat pump as set forth in claim 2, wherein each of said pair of motors has a stator fixedly carried by said support means and a rotor, and wherein the rotor of said other motor is turnable relative to the rotor of said one motor.

6 17. A heat pump as set forth in claim 16, wherein said stators and said rotors of said pair of motors are constructed so that said compressor means turns in a direction opposite to the direction of rotation of said heat exchanger means.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,805,558 9/1957 Knight 62--499 2,811,841 11/1957 Grimshaw 62499 2,934,324 4/ 1960 Partington 62263 3,001,384 9/1961 Hanson 62499 3,025,684 3/ 1962 McLain 62499 3,139,736 7/ 1964 Hanson 62499 3,189,262 6/1965 Hanson 62499 3,200,609 8/ 1965 Laing 62-263 WILLIAM J. WYE, Primary Examiner.

Claims

1. A HEAT PUMP COMPRISING, IN COMBINATION, SUPPORT MEANS, CONDENSER HEAT EXCHANGER MEANS FOR HEATING A FIRST FLUID CIRCUIT; EVAPORATOR HEAT EXCHANGER MEANS FOR COOLING A SECOND FLUID CIRCUIT IN COMMUNICATION WITH SAID FIRST FLUID CIRCUIT; COMPRESSOR MEANS FOR COMPRESSING A COOLANT LEAVING SAID EVAPORATOR HEAT EXCHANGER MEANS IN GASEOUS STATE AND CONVERYING IT TO SAID CONDENSER HEAT EXCHANGER MEANS, SAID CONDENSER HEAT EXCHANGER MEANS AND SAID EVAPORATOR HEAT EXCHANGER MEANS BEING CONSTRUCTED AS FAN ROTORS HAVING AIR REVOLVING MEANS TRANSVERSED BY THE COOLANT, SAID CONDENSER HEAT EXCHANGER MEANS, SAID EVAPORATOR HEAT EXCHANGER MEANS AND SAID COMPRESSOR MEANS BEING CONNECTED TO EACH OTHER TO FORM A SINGLE UNIT MOUNTED IN SAID SUPPORT MEANS TURNABLE ABOUT AN AXIS; A DRIVE MEANS FOR ROTATING SAID UNIT ABOUT SAID AXIS.