US3278383A - Alpha-cellulose powder compositions and methods of absorbing body fluids from human skin - Google Patents

Alpha-cellulose powder compositions and methods of absorbing body fluids from human skin Download PDF

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US3278383A
US3278383A US202054A US20205462A US3278383A US 3278383 A US3278383 A US 3278383A US 202054 A US202054 A US 202054A US 20205462 A US20205462 A US 20205462A US 3278383 A US3278383 A US 3278383A
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skin
powder
alpha
body fluids
absorbing body
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Cleveland J White
Werner K Stiefel
Leonard R Ciufo
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K8/73—Polysaccharides
    • A61K8/731—Cellulose; Quaternized cellulose derivatives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q1/00—Make-up preparations; Body powders; Preparations for removing make-up
    • A61Q1/12—Face or body powders for grooming, adorning or absorbing

Definitions

  • the absorptive powders which are commonly referred to as baby powders in the trade are all based on formulations comprising a major proportion of talc. While talc does have some desirable properties when used as an absorptive powder, e.g., it possesses good slip, smoothness, and clings well to the skin, yet when it is wetted with water or with body fluids and allowed to dry it forms hard agglomerates which can be extremely irritating in the tender intertrigenous areas of the skin.
  • Boric acid is often added to starch-talc powders in order to inhibit the bacterial growth which is apt to otherwise take place in the composition; however, it is considered to be a dangerous material to use over large areas of infant skin and especially where maceration or denudation may exist.
  • Powdered maize cob such as the product described in United States Patent No. 2,890,151, is an admirable absorptive powder which is far superior to talc, cornstarch, and similar components of commercial absorptive powders, however, it does have a tendency, when wetted, to stain clothing, diapers, undergarments, and the like, with which it comes in contact, and it has a slightly coarse feel due to the nature of the ground maize cob particles.
  • the present invention provides a baby powder which does not stain, is highly absorbent, soft and smooth, is free of starch and boric acid and yet is completely noncaking and non-crusting. Furthermore, it has excellent smoothness and slip, and adheres well to the skin. It can soak up and retain many times its own weight of moisture, thus assisting in keeping intertrigenous areas of the skin dry while preventing moisture maceration, the latter being frequently the first breach in the skins natural defenses.
  • the baby powder of the present invention contains effective bacteriostatic and fungistatic agents.
  • alpha-cellulose preferably in the form of finely divided chemically purified wood cellulose fibers of high alphacellulose content.
  • the product When bone dry the product is 99.5 percent plus pure cellulose. It consists of fibers which are, desirably, from about to about 25 microns in diameter and in length average from about 35 to about 165 microns.
  • Solka-Floc One commercial form of such an alpha-cellulose product is known as Solka-Floc, and is manufactured by the Brown Company, Boston 14, Mass.
  • finely divided chemically purified wood cellulose fibers are useful per se for removing body fluids from the skin, we prefer to include some talc as a component for the purpose of improving the slip and reducing bulking and budging when sifting from the can.
  • Example I Percent Talc 40 Microporous cellulose in the form of finely divided, chemically purified wood cellulose fibers of 15 to 25 microns in diameter and 35 to microns in average length 53.88 Powdered maize cob, having a preferred particle size which ranges from that which will pass through a IOU-mesh screen to that which will be first retained on a 400-mesh screen 5 Hexachlorophene 0.5 p-Chloro-m-xylenol 0.5 Perfume 0.12
  • microporous cellulose components of the above composition soak up and retain many times their weight in moisture, thus assisting in keeping skin folds dry, preventing moisture maceration and agglomeration of the particles.
  • composition of the present invention was demonstrated on a side-by-side comparison basis against 14 of the most popular commercially available baby powders.
  • a specially developed standardized procedure was used in which a weighed sample was mixed with an excess of water, filtered, and the water which was absorbed determined by difference. The data obtained appear below.
  • Powder A (The composition of Example I) 3.0 Powder B 1.0
  • Powder N 1.0 Powder O 1.5
  • finely divided alpha-cellulose can be used alone as a body fluid absorbent from the skin, although we have found it preferable to include powdered talc so as to improve the cling, smoothness, slip and flow properties of our powder.
  • powdered talc so as to improve the cling, smoothness, slip and flow properties of our powder.
  • An improved method of absorbing body fluids from the human skin while minimizing irritation of intertrigenous areas of the skin comprising contacting the skin with a composition which consists essentially of alpha-cellulose in finely divided form.
  • composition for absorbing body fluids from the human skin while minimizing irritation of intertrigenous areas of the skin which comprises an effective amount of substantially pure alpha-cellulose and talc.
  • An improved method of absorbing body fluids from the human skin which comprises contacting the skin vwith a composition containing an efiective amount of finely divided fibers of essentially pure wood cellulose which are from about 15 to 25 microns in diameter and 35 to 165 microns in average length.
  • An improved method of absorbing body fluids from human skin while minimizing irritation of intertrigenous areas of the skin which comprises contacting the skin with a composition containing an etfective amount of essentially pure alpha-cellulose in finely divided form.
  • a composition for absorbing body 'fiuids from the human skin while minimizing irritation of intertrigenous areas of the skin which comprises an effective amount of microporous alpha-cellulose in the form of finely divided essentially pure wood cellulose fibers of 15 to microns in diameter and to microns in average length and powdered talc.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Birds (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Cosmetics (AREA)

Description

United States Patent ALPHA-CELLULOSE POWDER COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF ABSORBING BODY FLUIDS FROM HUMAN SKIN Cleveland J. White, 6525 North Ave, Oak Park, Ill.; Werner K. Stiefel, Oak Hill, N.Y.; and Leonard R. Ciufo, Greenville, N.Y. No Drawing. Filed June 13, 1962, Ser. No. 202,054 5 Claims. (Cl. 167-90) This invention relates to an improved means for absorbing fluids from the skin with a minimum amount of irritation of intertrigenous portions of the skin.
The absorptive powders which are commonly referred to as baby powders in the trade are all based on formulations comprising a major proportion of talc. While talc does have some desirable properties when used as an absorptive powder, e.g., it possesses good slip, smoothness, and clings well to the skin, yet when it is wetted with water or with body fluids and allowed to dry it forms hard agglomerates which can be extremely irritating in the tender intertrigenous areas of the skin.
Because the absorptive powers of talc are not very good, cornstarch is frequently added to the talc base of baby powders. Starch, though not subject to as severe caking as talc, unfortunately does provide an excellent medium for bacterial growth, as a result of which degradation products can be potent primary irritants.
Boric acid is often added to starch-talc powders in order to inhibit the bacterial growth which is apt to otherwise take place in the composition; however, it is considered to be a dangerous material to use over large areas of infant skin and especially where maceration or denudation may exist.
Powdered maize cob, such as the product described in United States Patent No. 2,890,151, is an admirable absorptive powder which is far superior to talc, cornstarch, and similar components of commercial absorptive powders, however, it does have a tendency, when wetted, to stain clothing, diapers, undergarments, and the like, with which it comes in contact, and it has a slightly coarse feel due to the nature of the ground maize cob particles.
At the present time there is no commercially available powder which fully meets all of the requirements of a truly satisfactory baby powder, i.e., which possesses a high degree of absorbency, a lack of caking or crusting, an anti-friction effect, a bacteriostatic action, which is smooth and silky to the touch, does not stain when wetted with skin exudates and other body fluids, and which is characterized by an absence of primary irritants or of potentially dangerous additives.
The present invention provides a baby powder which does not stain, is highly absorbent, soft and smooth, is free of starch and boric acid and yet is completely noncaking and non-crusting. Furthermore, it has excellent smoothness and slip, and adheres well to the skin. It can soak up and retain many times its own weight of moisture, thus assisting in keeping intertrigenous areas of the skin dry while preventing moisture maceration, the latter being frequently the first breach in the skins natural defenses. In a preferred form the baby powder of the present invention contains effective bacteriostatic and fungistatic agents.
One essential component of our improved baby powder is alpha-cellulose, preferably in the form of finely divided chemically purified wood cellulose fibers of high alphacellulose content. When bone dry the product is 99.5 percent plus pure cellulose. It consists of fibers which are, desirably, from about to about 25 microns in diameter and in length average from about 35 to about 165 microns. One commercial form of such an alpha-cellulose product is known as Solka-Floc, and is manufactured by the Brown Company, Boston 14, Mass.
While the above described finely divided chemically purified wood cellulose fibers are useful per se for removing body fluids from the skin, we prefer to include some talc as a component for the purpose of improving the slip and reducing bulking and budging when sifting from the can.
A typical formulation of a baby powder in accordance with our invention is set forth below:
Example I Percent Talc 40 Microporous cellulose in the form of finely divided, chemically purified wood cellulose fibers of 15 to 25 microns in diameter and 35 to microns in average length 53.88 Powdered maize cob, having a preferred particle size which ranges from that which will pass through a IOU-mesh screen to that which will be first retained on a 400-mesh screen 5 Hexachlorophene 0.5 p-Chloro-m-xylenol 0.5 Perfume 0.12
The microporous cellulose components of the above composition soak up and retain many times their weight in moisture, thus assisting in keeping skin folds dry, preventing moisture maceration and agglomeration of the particles.
The superior absorptivity of the composition of the present invention was demonstrated on a side-by-side comparison basis against 14 of the most popular commercially available baby powders. In these tests a specially developed standardized procedure was used in which a weighed sample was mixed with an excess of water, filtered, and the water which was absorbed determined by difference. The data obtained appear below.
Absorptivity (grams water Powder: per grams dry powder) Powder A (The composition of Example I) 3.0 Powder B 1.0
lPowder C 1.5
Powder D 1.0
Powder E 1.0
Powder F 1.2
Powder G 1.0
PowderH 1.1
Powder I 1.3 'Powder J 1.5
Powder K 1.5
Powder L 1.4
'Powder M 1.0
Powder N 1.0 Powder O 1.5
It is to be understood that finely divided alpha-cellulose can be used alone as a body fluid absorbent from the skin, although we have found it preferable to include powdered talc so as to improve the cling, smoothness, slip and flow properties of our powder. We also prefer to include bactericidal and fungicidal materials commonly used in baby powders, besides the ones specifically men tioned.
Obviously, many modifications and variations in the kind and amount of ingredients over and above the preferred form of the essential alpha-cellulose, namely finely-divided chemically purified wood cellulose fibers, as described above can be used, as those skilled in the art will recognize, and it is not intended, therefore, to limit the invention except as required by the appended claims.
We claim:
1. An improved method of absorbing body fluids from the human skin while minimizing irritation of intertrigenous areas of the skin comprising contacting the skin with a composition which consists essentially of alpha-cellulose in finely divided form.
2. A composition for absorbing body fluids from the human skin while minimizing irritation of intertrigenous areas of the skin which comprises an effective amount of substantially pure alpha-cellulose and talc.
3. An improved method of absorbing body fluids from the human skin which comprises contacting the skin vwith a composition containing an efiective amount of finely divided fibers of essentially pure wood cellulose which are from about 15 to 25 microns in diameter and 35 to 165 microns in average length.
4. An improved method of absorbing body fluids from human skin while minimizing irritation of intertrigenous areas of the skin which comprises contacting the skin with a composition containing an etfective amount of essentially pure alpha-cellulose in finely divided form.
5. A composition for absorbing body 'fiuids from the human skin while minimizing irritation of intertrigenous areas of the skin which comprises an effective amount of microporous alpha-cellulose in the form of finely divided essentially pure wood cellulose fibers of 15 to microns in diameter and to microns in average length and powdered talc.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS OTHER REFERENCES Chemical Abs., vol. 46, 1952, p. 3758d.
Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Reinhold Pub. Co., N.Y. 6th Ed., 1961, page 1059.
Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Reinhold Pub. Co., N.Y. 1956, page 1017.
JULIAN S. LEVITT, Primary Examiner.
FRANK CACCIAPAGLIA, JR., Examiner.
A. P. FAGELSON, V. C. CLARKE, Assistant Examiners.

Claims (1)

  1. 3. AN IMPROVED METHOD OF ABSORBING BODY FLUIDS FROM THE HUMAN SKIN WHICH COMPRISES CONTACTING THE SKIN WITH A COMPOSITION CONTAINING AN EFFECTIVE AMOUNT OF FINELY DIVIDED FIBERS OF ESSENTIALY PURE WOOD CELLULOSE WHICH ARE FROM ABOUT 15 TO 25 MICRONS IN DIAMETER AND 35 TO 165 MICRONS IN AVERAGE LENGTH.
US202054A 1962-06-13 1962-06-13 Alpha-cellulose powder compositions and methods of absorbing body fluids from human skin Expired - Lifetime US3278383A (en)

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Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4185086A (en) * 1978-05-04 1980-01-22 Johnson & Johnson Talc compositions
US4230585A (en) * 1978-11-15 1980-10-28 White-Bird Enterprises, Inc. Fire-retardant cellulose insulation and process for making same
US4269859A (en) * 1979-04-19 1981-05-26 Brown Company Cellulose floc granules and process
US4272514A (en) * 1979-11-06 1981-06-09 Spenco Medical Corporation High absorption body powder
US4279890A (en) * 1975-10-08 1981-07-21 Chattem, Inc. Cosmetic facial powder containing walnut shell flour
US4370249A (en) * 1978-11-15 1983-01-25 Jack E. White Fire-retardant cellulose insulation and method of production
US4383539A (en) * 1978-07-20 1983-05-17 Collins Alan L Cosmetic preparation and method for applying same
WO1986001713A1 (en) * 1984-09-21 1986-03-27 Innofinance Általános Innovációs Pénzintézet Skin regenerating and hydrating cosmetic compositions and process for the preparation of the active ingredient
US4605553A (en) * 1983-01-31 1986-08-12 Peter Passalacqua Dry pressed powder stick composition and vehicle therefor
US4758426A (en) * 1987-06-11 1988-07-19 Ramsdell Bruce V Therapeutic toilet solution and method of dispersion
US4976960A (en) * 1986-10-17 1990-12-11 Bar Ilan University Food supplements
US4986985A (en) * 1987-11-02 1991-01-22 Bar Ilan University Method of treating skin virus infections
WO2013127598A3 (en) * 2012-03-02 2014-09-04 Evonik Industries Ag Use of powdered cellulose in cosmetic applications
US9364416B2 (en) 2012-11-09 2016-06-14 Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc. Leave-on compositions containing cellulose materials
US9370478B2 (en) 2012-11-09 2016-06-21 Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc. Skin care compositions containing cotton and citrus-derived materials
US9549890B2 (en) 2012-11-09 2017-01-24 Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc. Rinse-off skin care compositions containing cellulosic materials

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR748236A (en) * 1932-03-18 1933-06-30 Process for obtaining cellulose in the highly divided pulverulent state and its application to beauty powders
US2890151A (en) * 1956-02-23 1959-06-09 Cleveland J White Therapeutic composition comprising powdered maize cob
US3023104A (en) * 1960-07-05 1962-02-27 American Viscose Corp Food compositions incorporating cellulose crystallite aggregates
US3146170A (en) * 1962-04-10 1964-08-25 Fmc Corp Manufacture of cosmetic preparations containing cellulose crystallite aggregates

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR748236A (en) * 1932-03-18 1933-06-30 Process for obtaining cellulose in the highly divided pulverulent state and its application to beauty powders
US2890151A (en) * 1956-02-23 1959-06-09 Cleveland J White Therapeutic composition comprising powdered maize cob
US3023104A (en) * 1960-07-05 1962-02-27 American Viscose Corp Food compositions incorporating cellulose crystallite aggregates
US3146170A (en) * 1962-04-10 1964-08-25 Fmc Corp Manufacture of cosmetic preparations containing cellulose crystallite aggregates

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4279890A (en) * 1975-10-08 1981-07-21 Chattem, Inc. Cosmetic facial powder containing walnut shell flour
US4185086A (en) * 1978-05-04 1980-01-22 Johnson & Johnson Talc compositions
US4383539A (en) * 1978-07-20 1983-05-17 Collins Alan L Cosmetic preparation and method for applying same
US4230585A (en) * 1978-11-15 1980-10-28 White-Bird Enterprises, Inc. Fire-retardant cellulose insulation and process for making same
US4370249A (en) * 1978-11-15 1983-01-25 Jack E. White Fire-retardant cellulose insulation and method of production
US4269859A (en) * 1979-04-19 1981-05-26 Brown Company Cellulose floc granules and process
US4272514A (en) * 1979-11-06 1981-06-09 Spenco Medical Corporation High absorption body powder
US4605553A (en) * 1983-01-31 1986-08-12 Peter Passalacqua Dry pressed powder stick composition and vehicle therefor
AT392732B (en) * 1984-09-21 1991-05-27 Innofinance Altalanos Innovaci SKIN REGENERATING AND HYDRATING COSMETIC AGENTS AND A METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF
WO1986001713A1 (en) * 1984-09-21 1986-03-27 Innofinance Általános Innovációs Pénzintézet Skin regenerating and hydrating cosmetic compositions and process for the preparation of the active ingredient
GB2175204A (en) * 1984-09-21 1986-11-26 Innofinance Altalanos Innovaci Skin regenerating and hydrating cosmetic compositions and process for the preparation of the active ingredient
US4976960A (en) * 1986-10-17 1990-12-11 Bar Ilan University Food supplements
US4758426A (en) * 1987-06-11 1988-07-19 Ramsdell Bruce V Therapeutic toilet solution and method of dispersion
US4986985A (en) * 1987-11-02 1991-01-22 Bar Ilan University Method of treating skin virus infections
WO2013127598A3 (en) * 2012-03-02 2014-09-04 Evonik Industries Ag Use of powdered cellulose in cosmetic applications
EP2819640B1 (en) 2012-03-02 2019-04-03 Evonik Degussa GmbH Use of powdered cellulose in cosmetic applications
US9364416B2 (en) 2012-11-09 2016-06-14 Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc. Leave-on compositions containing cellulose materials
US9370478B2 (en) 2012-11-09 2016-06-21 Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc. Skin care compositions containing cotton and citrus-derived materials
US9549890B2 (en) 2012-11-09 2017-01-24 Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc. Rinse-off skin care compositions containing cellulosic materials
US9549889B2 (en) 2012-11-09 2017-01-24 Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc. Rinse-off skin care compositions containing cellulosic materials
US9737473B2 (en) 2012-11-09 2017-08-22 Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc. Leave-on compositions containing cellulose materials

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