US3266371A - Light reflector unit with an undulatory reflecting insert - Google Patents

Light reflector unit with an undulatory reflecting insert Download PDF

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Publication number
US3266371A
US3266371A US178471A US17847162A US3266371A US 3266371 A US3266371 A US 3266371A US 178471 A US178471 A US 178471A US 17847162 A US17847162 A US 17847162A US 3266371 A US3266371 A US 3266371A
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United States
Prior art keywords
cavity
mounting surface
reflector unit
air pressure
reflector
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US178471A
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Ralph R Gunderson
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Individual
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Priority to US178471A priority Critical patent/US3266371A/en
Priority claimed from GB8294/64A external-priority patent/GB1084463A/en
Priority to US468472A priority patent/US3330714A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/12—Fastening strips or bars to sheets or plates, e.g. rubber strips, decorative strips for motor vehicles, by means of clips
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B11/00—Connecting constructional elements or machine parts by sticking or pressing them together, e.g. cold pressure welding
    • F16B11/006—Connecting constructional elements or machine parts by sticking or pressing them together, e.g. cold pressure welding by gluing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/12—Reflex reflectors
    • G02B5/122—Reflex reflectors cube corner, trihedral or triple reflector type
    • G02B5/124—Reflex reflectors cube corner, trihedral or triple reflector type plural reflecting elements forming part of a unitary plate or sheet
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B5/00—Visible signalling systems, e.g. personal calling systems, remote indication of seats occupied
    • G08B5/006—Portable traffic signalling devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C3/00—Reactor fuel elements and their assemblies; Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel elements
    • G21C3/30—Assemblies of a number of fuel elements in the form of a rigid unit
    • G21C3/32—Bundles of parallel pin-, rod-, or tube-shaped fuel elements
    • G21C3/326—Bundles of parallel pin-, rod-, or tube-shaped fuel elements comprising fuel elements of different composition; comprising, in addition to the fuel elements, other pin-, rod-, or tube-shaped elements, e.g. control rods, grid support rods, fertile rods, poison rods or dummy rods
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C3/00—Reactor fuel elements and their assemblies; Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel elements
    • G21C3/30—Assemblies of a number of fuel elements in the form of a rigid unit
    • G21C3/32—Bundles of parallel pin-, rod-, or tube-shaped fuel elements
    • G21C3/34—Spacer grids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C7/00—Control of nuclear reaction
    • G21C7/02—Control of nuclear reaction by using self-regulating properties of reactor materials, e.g. Doppler effect
    • G21C7/04—Control of nuclear reaction by using self-regulating properties of reactor materials, e.g. Doppler effect of burnable poisons
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/21—Circular sheet or circular blank
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/28—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and having an adhesive outermost layer

Definitions

  • the light reflectors of the present invention are widely employed as warning reflectors for use in conjunction with vehicles traveling the highways.
  • such reflectors have been mounted in seats in metal or plastic brackets which have in turn been secured to a vehicle mounting surface by cap screws or other mechanical means.
  • Such installations have failed to provide a hermetic seal so that the reflecting and refracting surfaces of the reflector become dirty during use; and in addition, the assembly and attachment of the reflectors has been a time-consuming endeavor.
  • the primary object of the present invention is to provide a novel reflector assembly having an adhesive backing for attaching the reflector to a mounting surface without the use of brackets or other mechanical accessories.
  • Another object is to provide a novel method for securing such adhesive back reflectors to a mounting surface.
  • a further object is to provide such an adhesive back reflector which when secured to a mounting surface has a confined inner cavity or chamber which is subjected to an air pressure which is less than the ambient air pressure surrounding the reflector unit.
  • Still another object is to provide a light reflector unit having a resiliently deformable reflective member for applying stretching forces to an adhesive backing member adhered to a mounting surface.
  • Another object is to provide a stop member within an exhausted cavity of a reflective member to limit the deformation of the reflective member.
  • Yet another object is to provide a novel method for exhausting air from within a cavity of a reflective member when securing the reflective member to a mounting surface.
  • FIG. 1 is a top plan view of a light reflector unit showing a spacer or stop member in dotted outline;
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view as indicated on line 22 of FIG. 1 showing a central spacer element positioned between the adhesive backing and a metallic reflector insert within the cavity of the reflector and positioned immediately beneath the light reflecting and refracting facets of the inner face of the reflector unit;
  • FIG. 3 is a bottom plan view of a modified form of a reflector unit having a gasket-type adhesive backing
  • FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken as indicated on line 44 of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a bottom plan view of a second modification of the reflector unit showing an adhesive backing having a perforation near its periphery;
  • FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken on line 6--6 of FIG.- 5;
  • FIGS. 7 through 11 illustrate diagrammatically the preferred method by which the above three embodiments of reflector units may be adhered to a mounting surface
  • FIG. 7 being a side elevational view of the preferred form of reflector unit
  • FIG. 8 being a diagrammatic sectional view showing the reflector unit positioned against the mounting surface with vacuum not yet applied to the chamber of the illustrated tool;
  • FIG. 9 being a view similar to FIG. 8 illustrating the FIG. 10 being a view similar to FIG. 9 with the central chamber of the tool still exhausted and showing the ap plication of a force to a movable member within the chamber to apply pressure against the rim of the reflector unit forcing the entire face of the adhesive against the mounting surface;
  • FIG. 11 being a view similar to FIG. 10 but illustrating the release of the vacuum within the inner chamber of the tool permitting air pressure to rush in and apply a compressive force to the entire exposed face of the reflector unit flattening the reflector unit and urging it radially;
  • FIG. 12 is an enlarged broken side elevational view partly in section of the reflector unit shown in FIG. 9, the view illustrating the breaking away of the adhesive back from the rim of the reflector unit to permit the exhaust of air pressure from within the cavity of the reflector unit;
  • FIG. 13 is an enlarged broken side elevational view partly in section of the reflector of FIG. 11 to illustrate the deformation in the crown of the reflector unit by atmospheric pressure because of the exhausted condition of the hermetically sealed cavity within the reflector unit.
  • a light reflector unit generally designated 20, is shown.
  • the unit 20 comprises a relatively shallow dish-shaped casing and preferably includes an integral front wall portion comprising a reflector member 21 formed from a light-transmitting synthetic plastic.
  • the material generally used is methyl methacrylate commonly sold under the trade named Lucite.
  • the front wall reflective member 21 includes a light-receiving face 22 and a reverse or rear face 23 containing a plurality of refracting and reflecting prismatic surfaces 23a for receiving incoming light and causing said light to be redirected generally along its incoming path.
  • the reflective member 21 may be circularly formed, and it is preferably provided with a rearwardly extending annular wall 24 terminating in an open end with a peripheral enlarged rim or lip 25 having a planar mounting surface which wall 24 and rim 25 afford an inner cavity 26.
  • annular reflecting insert 27 be positioned within the cavity 26 to receive and .give additional reflection to incident light.
  • the reflecting insert 27 is preferably formed of aluminum foil an-d may have a nuflied or undulated forward face which when reflecting incident light provides a brightened ,or live appearance to portions of the front face of the reflective member 2-1.
  • the wrinkle-d appearance of the insert 27 is illustrated by the wavy lines shown in the sectional view, FIG. 2.
  • a stop member 28 is also preferably placed within the cavity 26 bet-ween a backing member 30 and the reflecting insert 27.
  • the stop member 28 is general-1y a thickened slug of metal centrally disposed in the cavity 26 for the purpose of bearing between a mounting surface such as illustrated at 31 in FIG. 13 and the rear face 23 of the reflective member 21. It will be noted in FIG. 2 that there is a slight clearance between the insert 28 and the face 23 but since the reflective member is resiliently deformable under pressure, the rear face 2 3 will be brought to bear upon the insert 28 when the reflector unit is adhered to a mounting surface.
  • the backing member 30 is also best seen in FIG. 2.
  • the backing member is preferably formed of a thin plastic or of durable paper material which is provided with a 3 pressure-sensitive adhesive on each of its opposite faces. Its inner face is adhered peripherally to the rim 25 of the reflective member 21. Its outer face prior to use is covered by a protective paper material adhered in place by the pressure-sensitive adhesive on the outer face.
  • the adhesive on the inner face in this form of the invention has adhering qualities which cause it to be secured firmly to the rim 25 of the reflective unit 21. Its adhering qualities are also of such nature as to permit the peripheral separation, that is, the adhesive will break away from the peripheral reflector rim when the differential between the air pressure within the cavity 26 and the ambient air pressure about the reflector unit approximates 25 of mercury.
  • FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 A modification of another embodiment of a light reflector unit of this invention is illustrated in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4.
  • the reflective member 21 may be formed similarly to that shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the chief difference in this modification is that a gasket-type backing member 32 is provided which is again adhered on its inner face to the annular rim 25.
  • the outer face of the backing member 3-2 as shown in FIG. 3, provides a peripheral adherence of the backing member to a mounting surface 31.
  • the purpose of the annular or gasket-type backing member 32 will be made more apparent on considering the method of adhering this type of reflector unit to a mounting surface.
  • the enlarged opening 3 3 in the backing member 32 plays a part in exhaust-ing the inner cavity 26 of the reflective member 21 as the reflector unit 20 is being adhered to a mounting surface.
  • FIGS. and 6 Another embodiment of a reflector unit of this invention is shown in FIGS. and 6.
  • the structure of this embodiment may be formed in the same manner as that in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the only difference in structure lies in a perforated backing member 34.
  • the backing member is preferably provided with one or more perforations 35 positioned near the periphery of the backing member 34 and just inside the rim 25 so as to communicate with the inner cavity 26.
  • the perforations 35 will be made more apparent subsequently, in discussing the method of application of the reflector units, and it is suflic-ient here to say that the perforation 35 plays a part in exhausting the inner cavity 26 of the reflector unit as the reflector unit is being adhered to the mounting surface.
  • the reflective members 21 and the backing members 30, 32 and 84 may be formed and handled separately. That is, the reflecting members and their backing members may be packed and shipped separately by a manufacturer and then simply be assembled together as a unit at the time of adherence to a mounting surface.
  • the double-faced adhesive of the backing members 30, 32 and 34 (when packed separately) is protected from adherence to other objects by paper-covering material on each of its faces.
  • FIGS. 7 and 11 The unique method of adhering the reflector unit 20 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 to a mounting surface 3 1 is diagrammatically illustrated in FIGURES 7 through 11.
  • FIGURE 7 illustrates the reflector unit 20 with the backing member 30 adhered thereto and with the adhesive face of the backing member 30 exposed.
  • FIGURE 8 shows diagramma'ticaliy a type of tool for adhering the reflector unit 20 to amounting surface.
  • the tool may include a vacuum bell or cup-shaped housing 36 which has a resilient annular seal 37 protruding from the end of its side wall 38 to make an airtight seal against a mounting surface 31.
  • the housing is provided with a bottom wail 40 which may be apertured at 41 to accommodate a vacuum hose 4 2 secured therein and connected to a source of vacuum indicated generally at 43.
  • the bottom wall 40 may also be provided with a bushing 44 which makes a substantially air-tight slid-ing fit about a shank 45.
  • the end of the shank 45 may be secured to a cup-shaped plunger 46 adapted to make a close sliding fit within the side walls 38.
  • the plunger 46 pref- 4. erably has an opening 47 which permits air to be pulled from within the vacuum bell 36 through the vacuum iine 42 when desired to evacuate the housing 36.
  • a number of bleeder lines or passages 48 may be formed in the annular lip portion 50 of the plunger 46 for a purpose which will subsequently be made more apparent.
  • the unit 20 When it is desired to adhere a reflector unit 20 to a mounting surface 31, the unit 20 is first placed within the open end of the housing 36, as shown in FIGURE 8, so that the annular rim 25 rests adjacent the annular lip portion 50 of the plunger 46.
  • the reflector adhering gun or tool is tipped so that the housing opens upwardly, and the reflector unit 20 is simply dropped into place with the rim 25 resting upon the lip portion 50.
  • the housing 36 is, of course, shaped to accommodate the particular shape of the reflector unit which is to be adhered.
  • a vacuum is applied (see FIG. 9) to exhaust air from the interior of the housing 36 and plunger 46.
  • the evacuation of the housing 36 will cause the ambient air pressure to which the unit 20 is subjected to hold the reflector unit 20 in firm contact against the lip portion 50. This is true even though at this time the small bleeder lines 48 are open to atmospheric pressure and are permitting air pressure to enter in small quantities into the evacuated chamber Within the housing 36.
  • the housing 36 has been pressed against a mounting surface 31 so that the annular seal 37 provides an air-tight fit.
  • the bleeder lines 43 also permit evacuation of the air pressure from between the adhesive face of the reflector unit 20 and the exhausted face of the mounting surface. Because of the great decrease in atmospheric pressure within the housing 36, the atmospheric pressure within the cavity 26 of the reflector unit 20 causes the flexible adhesive backing member 30 to bellow outwardly as at 51 so that the entire central portion of the flexible adhesive backing 30 is urged by the internal air pressure within the cavity 26 of the reflector unit 20 into firm and intimate adhering contact with the mounting surface 31.
  • the interior of the housing 36 is exhausted almost immediately so that the flexible backing member 30 instantly bellows outwardly into adhering engagement with the mounting surface 31.
  • the internal air pressure within the cavity 26 of the reflector unit 20 causes separation of a peripheral portion of the adhered backing member 30 with the annular rim 25, the separation being indicated at 52 in FIG. 12.
  • the cavity 26 of the reflector unit 20 and the entire interior of the housing 36 is exhausted, or at least is at extremely low air pressure.
  • the type of adhesive currently in use on backing members 30 displays such adhering qualities with the narrow Lucite rim 25 of the reflective member 21 that the adhesive will separate, as at 52, when the pressure differential between the interior of the reflector unit 20 and the interior of the housing 36 is approximately 25 of mercury. This condition has been found to prevail when using reflecting members 21 approximately 3% diameter and with a cavity depth.
  • the pressure differential required will vary with the flexibility of the backing member 30 and with the particular adhering qualities of the adhesive used. These factors may be readily adjusted with any particular size of reflector unit with which this method is employed.
  • FIGURE 10 illustrates the next step of the preferred method. It will be recalled that in FIG. 9 the backing member 30 is bellowed outwardly against the mounting surface 31. Now in FIGURE 10, a force is applied to the handle 53 in the direction of the arrow to drive the shank 45 and the plunger 46 downwardly against the annular nm 25. This movement reseals any separations 52 between the backing member 30 and the rim 25, and in addition, it causes the entire backing member to be urged into intimate contact with the mounting surface 31.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates the next step of the preferred method.
  • the vacuum line 42 is opened to the ambient air pressure.
  • the inrushing air pressure strikes the entire front face 22 of the reflective member 21 a substantial blow and with substantial force.
  • the reflective member 21 is preferably resiliently deformable, and the inrushing air pressure actually pushes the crown of the front face 22 from a position as indicated in FIGS. 7 and 10 to a position as indicated in FIG. 11. In other words, the height of the crown of the front face 22 is greatly diminished. This downward pressure upon the crown of the front face 22 causes a slight radial spreading of the reflective member 21.
  • the reflector gun or tool may be removed for a subsequent operation.
  • the reflector unit 20 as finally adhered to a mounting surface is shOWn in FIG. 13. It will be recalled that its inner cavity 26 is now substantially exhausted of air pressure so that the entire exposed area of the reflective member 21 is being urged toward the mounting surface 31 by a force of air pressure equal to approximately 12 to 14 lbs. per square inch. Thus, even at altitudes of 10,000 to 15,000 feet, the force of the air pressure is assisting and holding the reflector unit 20 in place. It is contemplated in the reflector unit shown in FIG. 13 that it may include a stop member 28 such as is shown in FIG. 2 to control the amount of deformation imparted to the front face 22 of the reflective member 21.
  • Tests have been conducted which illustrate the highly successful adherence of reflector units by utilizing the method of the present invention.
  • a reflector unit was adhered to a sheet metal mounting surface by the method of this invention, and the reflector unit and the mounting surface were subjected to a temperature condition of -10 F.
  • An eight pound weight was then dropped from a height of three feet upon the back of the mounting surface opposite the reflector unit. The force of the blow of the eight pound weight caused a deformation in the sheet metal backing and in the body of the resilient reflector unit, but the adherence of the bond between the reflector unit and the sheet metal mounting surface remained completely intact.
  • the method described above can also be used with the reflector unit shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 which has the gasket-type backing member 32.
  • this type of backing member and with the reflector unit being held against the lip portion 50 of the plunger 46, it is contemplated that the inner cavity 26 of the reflector unit will be exhausted at the same time as the interior of the housing 36.
  • the access to the inner cavity 26 is simply provided through the enlarged opening 33 of the gasket-type backing member 32 which does not come down into firm engagement with a mounting surface until pressure .is applied by the plunger 36, as is illustrated in FIG. 10.
  • the method with the reflector unit having a gasket-type.v backing member 32 is the same as was previously described in relation to the unit for the backing member 30.
  • Reflector units utilizing perforated backing members 34 may also be adhered to a mounting surface by using the above disclosed method. Again, the only difference from the method described in respect to the backing member 30 lies in the manner in which the inner cavity 26 of the reflector unit 20 is evacuated. Since the backing member has a small perforation 35 near its edge, the interior of the reflector unit 20 is exhausted through this perforation, then through the bleeder lines 48 afi'd finally through the vacuum line 42. Generally, the perforation is sufliciently small so that the backing member 32 bellows outwardly into contact with the mounting surface 3 1 by exhausting the interior of the housing 36 as described above in relation to the backing member 30. In all other respects, the adherence of a reflector unit 20 having a perforated backing member 34 is similar to that above described in respect to reflector units having the backing member 30.
  • a light reflector unit adapted to be secured to a mounting surface, comprising: a reflective member for receiving and reflecting light, said member having a resilient, deformable front face and being shaped to afford a rearwardly opening cavity and a peripheral rim; a backing member secured to said peripheral rim, said backing member having an exposed rear surface provided with pressure sensitive adhesive for securing the unit to a mounting surface, said backing member further including means for providing access to said cavity so that air pressure in said cavity can be reduced below ambient air pressure about the unit and the cavity may be hermetically sealed by securing the unit to a mounting surface after air pressure in the cavity has been reduced below ambient air pressure; an undulatory light reflecting insert positioned within the cavity of the reflective member, a stop member positioned within said cavity and bearing at one end on the reflective member and at the other end on the backing member when the backing member has been secured to the mounting surface so as to limit the inward deformation of aid resilient, deformable front face of the reflective member under the ambient air pressure.
  • a light reflector unit for attachment to a mounting surface, comprising: a reflector casing member including a light transmitting front end wall having a back surface With prismatic reflector means integral therewith for receiving and reflecting light therefrom, said casing member being of a relatively shallow dish shape to thereby provide a cavity opening rearwardly of said light transmitting front wall and having an enlarged peripheral supporting rim at the open rearward end of said casing member, said enlarged rim having a planar rearwardly facing supporting surface; a relatively thin backing member secured to said planar supporting surface for closing said rearwardly opening cavity, said backing member having an exposed rear surface provided with pressuresensitive adhesive for securing the unit to the mounting surface, said backing member further including meansfor providing access to said cavity so that air pressure in said cavity can be reduced below ambient air pressure 7 about the unit and the cavity may be hermetically sealed by securing the unit to a mounting surface after air pressure in the cavity has been reduced below ambient air pressure; and an undulatory light reflecting insert positioned within the cavity of said casing member.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)

Description

6, 1966 R, R. GUNDERSON 3,266,371
LIGHT REFLECTOR UNIT WITH AN UNDULATORY REFLECTING INSERT Filed March 8, 1962 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Z'Z'arvreys Aug. 16, 1966 R. R. GUNDERSON LIGHT REFLECTOR UNIT WITH AN UNDULATORY REFLECTING INSERT 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed March 8, 1962 PRESSURE APPLIED EXHAUST VACUUM LET IN AIR FREE SURE c 3,266,371 Ice Patented August 16, 1966 3,266,371 LIGHT REFLECTOR UNIT WITH AN UNDULA- TORY REFLECTING'INSERT Ralph R. Gunderson, 7100 S. Shore Drive, Chicago, Ill. Filed Mar. 8, 1962, Ser. No. 178,471 2 Claims. (c1. ss-7s) This invention relates to light reflectors having adhesive backings, and to a method for adhering such reflectors to a mounting surface.
The light reflectors of the present invention are widely employed as warning reflectors for use in conjunction with vehicles traveling the highways. Heretofore, such reflectors have been mounted in seats in metal or plastic brackets which have in turn been secured to a vehicle mounting surface by cap screws or other mechanical means. Such installations have failed to provide a hermetic seal so that the reflecting and refracting surfaces of the reflector become dirty during use; and in addition, the assembly and attachment of the reflectors has been a time-consuming endeavor.
The primary object of the present invention is to provide a novel reflector assembly having an adhesive backing for attaching the reflector to a mounting surface without the use of brackets or other mechanical accessories.
Another object is to provide a novel method for securing such adhesive back reflectors to a mounting surface.
A further object is to provide such an adhesive back reflector which when secured to a mounting surface has a confined inner cavity or chamber which is subjected to an air pressure which is less than the ambient air pressure surrounding the reflector unit.
Still another object is to provide a light reflector unit having a resiliently deformable reflective member for applying stretching forces to an adhesive backing member adhered to a mounting surface.
Another object is to provide a stop member within an exhausted cavity of a reflective member to limit the deformation of the reflective member.
Yet another object is to provide a novel method for exhausting air from within a cavity of a reflective member when securing the reflective member to a mounting surface.
The invention is illustrated in a preferred embodiment in the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a top plan view of a light reflector unit showing a spacer or stop member in dotted outline;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view as indicated on line 22 of FIG. 1 showing a central spacer element positioned between the adhesive backing and a metallic reflector insert within the cavity of the reflector and positioned immediately beneath the light reflecting and refracting facets of the inner face of the reflector unit;
FIG. 3 is a bottom plan view of a modified form of a reflector unit having a gasket-type adhesive backing;
inner chamber of the tool being evacuated so that the internal pressure within the cavity within the reflector unit pushes outwardly upon the adhesive backing of the reflector unit in bellows-like fashion to press the central portion of the adhesive backing firmly against the mounting surface;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken as indicated on line 44 of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a bottom plan view of a second modification of the reflector unit showing an adhesive backing having a perforation near its periphery;
FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken on line 6--6 of FIG.- 5;
FIGS. 7 through 11 illustrate diagrammatically the preferred method by which the above three embodiments of reflector units may be adhered to a mounting surface;
FIG. 7 being a side elevational view of the preferred form of reflector unit;
FIG. 8 being a diagrammatic sectional view showing the reflector unit positioned against the mounting surface with vacuum not yet applied to the chamber of the illustrated tool;
FIG. 9 being a view similar to FIG. 8 illustrating the FIG. 10 being a view similar to FIG. 9 with the central chamber of the tool still exhausted and showing the ap plication of a force to a movable member within the chamber to apply pressure against the rim of the reflector unit forcing the entire face of the adhesive against the mounting surface; and
FIG. 11 being a view similar to FIG. 10 but illustrating the release of the vacuum within the inner chamber of the tool permitting air pressure to rush in and apply a compressive force to the entire exposed face of the reflector unit flattening the reflector unit and urging it radially; FIG. 12 is an enlarged broken side elevational view partly in section of the reflector unit shown in FIG. 9, the view illustrating the breaking away of the adhesive back from the rim of the reflector unit to permit the exhaust of air pressure from within the cavity of the reflector unit; and
FIG. 13 is an enlarged broken side elevational view partly in section of the reflector of FIG. 11 to illustrate the deformation in the crown of the reflector unit by atmospheric pressure because of the exhausted condition of the hermetically sealed cavity within the reflector unit.
In the embodiment illustrated, and referring particulanly to FIGS. 1 through 3, a light reflector unit, generally designated 20, is shown. The unit 20 comprises a relatively shallow dish-shaped casing and preferably includes an integral front wall portion comprising a reflector member 21 formed from a light-transmitting synthetic plastic. The material generally used is methyl methacrylate commonly sold under the trade named Lucite. The front wall reflective member 21 includes a light-receiving face 22 and a reverse or rear face 23 containing a plurality of refracting and reflecting prismatic surfaces 23a for receiving incoming light and causing said light to be redirected generally along its incoming path. The reflective member 21 may be circularly formed, and it is preferably provided with a rearwardly extending annular wall 24 terminating in an open end with a peripheral enlarged rim or lip 25 having a planar mounting surface which wall 24 and rim 25 afford an inner cavity 26.
As best shown in F-IG.v 2, it is preferred that an annular reflecting insert 27 be positioned within the cavity 26 to receive and .give additional reflection to incident light. The reflecting insert 27 is preferably formed of aluminum foil an-d may have a nuflied or undulated forward face which when reflecting incident light provides a brightened ,or live appearance to portions of the front face of the reflective member 2-1. The wrinkle-d appearance of the insert 27 is illustrated by the wavy lines shown in the sectional view, FIG. 2.
A stop member 28 is also preferably placed within the cavity 26 bet-ween a backing member 30 and the reflecting insert 27. As will be subsequently explained, the stop member 28 is general-1y a thickened slug of metal centrally disposed in the cavity 26 for the purpose of bearing between a mounting surface such as illustrated at 31 in FIG. 13 and the rear face 23 of the reflective member 21. It will be noted in FIG. 2 that there is a slight clearance between the insert 28 and the face 23 but since the reflective member is resiliently deformable under pressure, the rear face 2 3 will be brought to bear upon the insert 28 when the reflector unit is adhered to a mounting surface.
The backing member 30 is also best seen in FIG. 2. The backing member is preferably formed of a thin plastic or of durable paper material which is provided with a 3 pressure-sensitive adhesive on each of its opposite faces. Its inner face is adhered peripherally to the rim 25 of the reflective member 21. Its outer face prior to use is covered by a protective paper material adhered in place by the pressure-sensitive adhesive on the outer face. The adhesive on the inner face in this form of the invention has adhering qualities which cause it to be secured firmly to the rim 25 of the reflective unit 21. Its adhering qualities are also of such nature as to permit the peripheral separation, that is, the adhesive will break away from the peripheral reflector rim when the differential between the air pressure within the cavity 26 and the ambient air pressure about the reflector unit approximates 25 of mercury.
A modification of another embodiment of a light reflector unit of this invention is illustrated in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4. The reflective member 21 may be formed similarly to that shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. The chief difference in this modification is that a gasket-type backing member 32 is provided which is again adhered on its inner face to the annular rim 25. The outer face of the backing member 3-2, as shown in FIG. 3, provides a peripheral adherence of the backing member to a mounting surface 31. The purpose of the annular or gasket-type backing member 32 will be made more apparent on considering the method of adhering this type of reflector unit to a mounting surface. However, briefly, the enlarged opening 3 3 in the backing member 32 plays a part in exhaust-ing the inner cavity 26 of the reflective member 21 as the reflector unit 20 is being adhered to a mounting surface.
Another embodiment of a reflector unit of this invention is shown in FIGS. and 6. The structure of this embodiment may be formed in the same manner as that in FIGS. 1 and 2. The only difference in structure :lies in a perforated backing member 34. [As shown in FIG. 5 and in FIG. 6, the backing member is preferably provided with one or more perforations 35 positioned near the periphery of the backing member 34 and just inside the rim 25 so as to communicate with the inner cavity 26. Again, the purpose of the perforations will be made more apparent subsequently, in discussing the method of application of the reflector units, and it is suflic-ient here to say that the perforation 35 plays a part in exhausting the inner cavity 26 of the reflector unit as the reflector unit is being adhered to the mounting surface.
It is contemplated in each of the three forms of the reflector unit shown in FIGS. 1 through 6 that the reflective members 21 and the backing members 30, 32 and 84 may be formed and handled separately. That is, the reflecting members and their backing members may be packed and shipped separately by a manufacturer and then simply be assembled together as a unit at the time of adherence to a mounting surface. The double-faced adhesive of the backing members 30, 32 and 34 (when packed separately) is protected from adherence to other objects by paper-covering material on each of its faces.
The unique method of adhering the reflector unit 20 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 to a mounting surface 3 1 is diagrammatically illustrated in FIGURES 7 through 11. FIGURE 7 illustrates the reflector unit 20 with the backing member 30 adhered thereto and with the adhesive face of the backing member 30 exposed.
FIGURE 8 shows diagramma'ticaliy a type of tool for adhering the reflector unit 20 to amounting surface. The tool may include a vacuum bell or cup-shaped housing 36 which has a resilient annular seal 37 protruding from the end of its side wall 38 to make an airtight seal against a mounting surface 31. The housing is provided with a bottom wail 40 which may be apertured at 41 to accommodate a vacuum hose 4 2 secured therein and connected to a source of vacuum indicated generally at 43.
The bottom wall 40 may also be provided with a bushing 44 which makes a substantially air-tight slid-ing fit about a shank 45. The end of the shank 45 may be secured to a cup-shaped plunger 46 adapted to make a close sliding fit within the side walls 38. The plunger 46 pref- 4. erably has an opening 47 which permits air to be pulled from within the vacuum bell 36 through the vacuum iine 42 when desired to evacuate the housing 36. A number of bleeder lines or passages 48 may be formed in the annular lip portion 50 of the plunger 46 for a purpose which will subsequently be made more apparent.
When it is desired to adhere a reflector unit 20 to a mounting surface 31, the unit 20 is first placed within the open end of the housing 36, as shown in FIGURE 8, so that the annular rim 25 rests adjacent the annular lip portion 50 of the plunger 46. In practice, the reflector adhering gun or tool is tipped so that the housing opens upwardly, and the reflector unit 20 is simply dropped into place with the rim 25 resting upon the lip portion 50. The housing 36 is, of course, shaped to accommodate the particular shape of the reflector unit which is to be adhered. After the reflector unit 20 is dropped into place against the lip portion 50, a vacuum is applied (see FIG. 9) to exhaust air from the interior of the housing 36 and plunger 46. The evacuation of the housing 36 will cause the ambient air pressure to which the unit 20 is subjected to hold the reflector unit 20 in firm contact against the lip portion 50. This is true even though at this time the small bleeder lines 48 are open to atmospheric pressure and are permitting air pressure to enter in small quantities into the evacuated chamber Within the housing 36.
In FIG. 9, the housing 36 has been pressed against a mounting surface 31 so that the annular seal 37 provides an air-tight fit. As the interior of the housing 36 continues to be exhausted under these conditions, the bleeder lines 43 also permit evacuation of the air pressure from between the adhesive face of the reflector unit 20 and the exhausted face of the mounting surface. Because of the great decrease in atmospheric pressure within the housing 36, the atmospheric pressure within the cavity 26 of the reflector unit 20 causes the flexible adhesive backing member 30 to bellow outwardly as at 51 so that the entire central portion of the flexible adhesive backing 30 is urged by the internal air pressure within the cavity 26 of the reflector unit 20 into firm and intimate adhering contact with the mounting surface 31.
In the practical application of this method, the interior of the housing 36 is exhausted almost immediately so that the flexible backing member 30 instantly bellows outwardly into adhering engagement with the mounting surface 31. Concomitantly therewith, or an instant of time later, the internal air pressure within the cavity 26 of the reflector unit 20 causes separation of a peripheral portion of the adhered backing member 30 with the annular rim 25, the separation being indicated at 52 in FIG. 12.
At this time, the cavity 26 of the reflector unit 20 and the entire interior of the housing 36 is exhausted, or at least is at extremely low air pressure. It has been found that the type of adhesive currently in use on backing members 30 displays such adhering qualities with the narrow Lucite rim 25 of the reflective member 21 that the adhesive will separate, as at 52, when the pressure differential between the interior of the reflector unit 20 and the interior of the housing 36 is approximately 25 of mercury. This condition has been found to prevail when using reflecting members 21 approximately 3% diameter and with a cavity depth. Of course, the pressure differential required will vary with the flexibility of the backing member 30 and with the particular adhering qualities of the adhesive used. These factors may be readily adjusted with any particular size of reflector unit with which this method is employed.
FIGURE 10 illustrates the next step of the preferred method. It will be recalled that in FIG. 9 the backing member 30 is bellowed outwardly against the mounting surface 31. Now in FIGURE 10, a force is applied to the handle 53 in the direction of the arrow to drive the shank 45 and the plunger 46 downwardly against the annular nm 25. This movement reseals any separations 52 between the backing member 30 and the rim 25, and in addition, it causes the entire backing member to be urged into intimate contact with the mounting surface 31. It will be recalled that this sealing of the backing member 30 against the mounting surface 31 is being done in a vacuum so that practically no air pressure is trapped between the backing member 30 and the mounting surface 31 and a tremendously effective seal is provided throughout the area of adherence between the backing member and the mounting surface.
FIG. 11 illustrates the next step of the preferred method. Immediately after pushing the plunger 46 against the annular rim 25 of the reflective member 21, the vacuum line 42 is opened to the ambient air pressure. The inrushing air pressure strikes the entire front face 22 of the reflective member 21 a substantial blow and with substantial force. As stated earlier, the reflective member 21 is preferably resiliently deformable, and the inrushing air pressure actually pushes the crown of the front face 22 from a position as indicated in FIGS. 7 and 10 to a position as indicated in FIG. 11. In other words, the height of the crown of the front face 22 is greatly diminished. This downward pressure upon the crown of the front face 22 causes a slight radial spreading of the reflective member 21.
It has been shown in practice that this sudden application of a force by air pressure and the deformation of the reflective member 21 upon its adhering backing member 30 greatly improves the strength of adherence of the reflector unit 20 to a mounting surface. The precise reason for the improvement in the degree of adherence is not known. However, it is believed that the radial deformation of the reflective member 21 tends to place the backing member 30 in tension, and in so doing, causes the backing member 30 to be slightly moved into firmer and more intimate contact with the mounting surface.
After forcing the reflector unit 20 down with the force of the air pressure (FIG. 11), the reflector gun or tool may be removed for a subsequent operation. The reflector unit 20 as finally adhered to a mounting surface is shOWn in FIG. 13. It will be recalled that its inner cavity 26 is now substantially exhausted of air pressure so that the entire exposed area of the reflective member 21 is being urged toward the mounting surface 31 by a force of air pressure equal to approximately 12 to 14 lbs. per square inch. Thus, even at altitudes of 10,000 to 15,000 feet, the force of the air pressure is assisting and holding the reflector unit 20 in place. It is contemplated in the reflector unit shown in FIG. 13 that it may include a stop member 28 such as is shown in FIG. 2 to control the amount of deformation imparted to the front face 22 of the reflective member 21.
Tests have been conducted which illustrate the highly successful adherence of reflector units by utilizing the method of the present invention. For example, in one instance, a reflector unit was adhered to a sheet metal mounting surface by the method of this invention, and the reflector unit and the mounting surface were subjected to a temperature condition of -10 F. An eight pound weight was then dropped from a height of three feet upon the back of the mounting surface opposite the reflector unit. The force of the blow of the eight pound weight caused a deformation in the sheet metal backing and in the body of the resilient reflector unit, but the adherence of the bond between the reflector unit and the sheet metal mounting surface remained completely intact.
A similar test was conducted under a temperature condition of 186 F.' Again, the sheet metal surface and the reflector unit were deformed by the force of the blow of the eight pound weight, but the reflector unit remained firmly adhered to its mounting surface.
The method described above can also be used with the reflector unit shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 which has the gasket-type backing member 32. With this type of backing member, and with the reflector unit being held against the lip portion 50 of the plunger 46, it is contemplated that the inner cavity 26 of the reflector unit will be exhausted at the same time as the interior of the housing 36. The access to the inner cavity 26 is simply provided through the enlarged opening 33 of the gasket-type backing member 32 which does not come down into firm engagement with a mounting surface until pressure .is applied by the plunger 36, as is illustrated in FIG. 10. Otherwise, the method with the reflector unit having a gasket-type.v backing member 32 is the same as was previously described in relation to the unit for the backing member 30.
Reflector units utilizing perforated backing members 34 may also be adhered to a mounting surface by using the above disclosed method. Again, the only difference from the method described in respect to the backing member 30 lies in the manner in which the inner cavity 26 of the reflector unit 20 is evacuated. Since the backing member has a small perforation 35 near its edge, the interior of the reflector unit 20 is exhausted through this perforation, then through the bleeder lines 48 afi'd finally through the vacuum line 42. Generally, the perforation is sufliciently small so that the backing member 32 bellows outwardly into contact with the mounting surface 3 1 by exhausting the interior of the housing 36 as described above in relation to the backing member 30. In all other respects, the adherence of a reflector unit 20 having a perforated backing member 34 is similar to that above described in respect to reflector units having the backing member 30.
The foregoing detailed description is given for clearness of understanding only and no unnecessary limitations are to be understood therefrom, as some modifications will be obvious to those skilled in the art.
I claim:
1. A light reflector unit adapted to be secured to a mounting surface, comprising: a reflective member for receiving and reflecting light, said member having a resilient, deformable front face and being shaped to afford a rearwardly opening cavity and a peripheral rim; a backing member secured to said peripheral rim, said backing member having an exposed rear surface provided with pressure sensitive adhesive for securing the unit to a mounting surface, said backing member further including means for providing access to said cavity so that air pressure in said cavity can be reduced below ambient air pressure about the unit and the cavity may be hermetically sealed by securing the unit to a mounting surface after air pressure in the cavity has been reduced below ambient air pressure; an undulatory light reflecting insert positioned within the cavity of the reflective member, a stop member positioned within said cavity and bearing at one end on the reflective member and at the other end on the backing member when the backing member has been secured to the mounting surface so as to limit the inward deformation of aid resilient, deformable front face of the reflective member under the ambient air pressure.
2. A light reflector unit for attachment to a mounting surface, comprising: a reflector casing member including a light transmitting front end wall having a back surface With prismatic reflector means integral therewith for receiving and reflecting light therefrom, said casing member being of a relatively shallow dish shape to thereby provide a cavity opening rearwardly of said light transmitting front wall and having an enlarged peripheral supporting rim at the open rearward end of said casing member, said enlarged rim having a planar rearwardly facing supporting surface; a relatively thin backing member secured to said planar supporting surface for closing said rearwardly opening cavity, said backing member having an exposed rear surface provided with pressuresensitive adhesive for securing the unit to the mounting surface, said backing member further including meansfor providing access to said cavity so that air pressure in said cavity can be reduced below ambient air pressure 7 about the unit and the cavity may be hermetically sealed by securing the unit to a mounting surface after air pressure in the cavity has been reduced below ambient air pressure; and an undulatory light reflecting insert positioned within the cavity of said casing member.
References Cited by the Examiner J EWELL H.
8 12/1952 Douglas 156163 2/1957 Boicey l56286 5/1957 Doolittle et a1. 88-78 4/1962 Rupert 88-78 8/1962 Tub bs 88-105 9/1963 King 88105 X FOREIGN PATENTS 9/1960 France. 3/ 1935 Great Britain. 9/1957 Great Britain.
PEDERSEN, Primary Examiner.
D. J. HOFFMANN, O. B. CHEW, Assistant Examiners.

Claims (1)

  1. 2. A LIGHT REFLECTOR UNIT FOR ATTACHMENT TO A MOUNTING SURFACE, COMPRISING: A REFLECTOR CASING MEMBER INCLUDING A LIGHT TRANSMITTING FRONT END WALL HAVING A BACK SURFACE WITH PRISMATIC REFLECTOR MEANS INTEGRAL THEREWITH FOR RECEIVING AND REFLECTING LIGHT THEREFROM, SAID CASING MEMBER BEING OF A RELATIVELY SHALLOW DISH SHAPE TO THEREBY PROVIDE A CAVITY OPENING REARWARDLY OF SAID LIGHT TRANSMITTING FRONT WALL AND HAVING AN ENLARGED PERIPHERAL SUPPORTING RIM AT THE OPEN REARWARD END OF SAID CASING MEMBER, SAID ENLARGED RIM HAVING A PLANAR REARWARDLY FACING SUPPORTING SURFACE; A RELATIVELY THIN BACKING MEMBER SECURED TO SAID PLANAR SUPPORTING SURFACE FOR CLOSING SAID REARWARDLY OPENING CAVITY, SAID BACKING MEMBER HAVING AN EXPOSED REAR SURFACE PROVIDED WITH PRESSURESENSITIVE ADHESIVE FOR SECURING THE UNIT TO THE MOUNTING SURFACE, SAID BACKING MEMBER FUTHER INCLUDING MEANS FOR PROVIDING ACCESS TO SAID CAVITY SO THAT AIR PRESSURE IN SAID CAVITY CAN BE REDUCED BELOW AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE ABOUT THE UNIT AND THE CAVITY MAY BE HERMETICALLY SEALED BY SECURING THE UNIT TO A MOUNTING SURFACE AFTER AIR PRESSURE IN THE CAVITY HAS BEEN REDUCED BELOW AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE; AND AN UNDULATORY LIGHT REFLECTING INSERT POSITIONED WITHIN THE CAVITY OF SAID CASING MEMBER.
US178471A 1962-03-08 1962-03-08 Light reflector unit with an undulatory reflecting insert Expired - Lifetime US3266371A (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3441336A (en) * 1966-11-17 1969-04-29 Ralph R Gunderson Adhesive reflector unit with flexible backing
US3627403A (en) * 1969-09-11 1971-12-14 Reflex Corp Canada Ltd Roadway reflectors
US4208090A (en) * 1967-03-24 1980-06-17 Amerace Corporation Reflector structure
US4431471A (en) * 1981-04-24 1984-02-14 Glaverbel Laminated panels
US6003996A (en) * 1995-05-24 1999-12-21 Donnelly Hohe Gmbh & Co. Kg Cap for external side view mirror of a motor vehicle
USD1024171S1 (en) * 2020-10-07 2024-04-23 Anytrek Corporation Camera assembly

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US1734979A (en) * 1927-10-28 1929-11-12 Charles A Persons Warning signal
US1771061A (en) * 1927-12-13 1930-07-22 James L Rice Rear-vision mirror
GB425138A (en) * 1933-12-04 1935-03-07 Bluemel Brothers Ltd Improvements in or relating to reflectors
US2044620A (en) * 1935-03-08 1936-06-16 Homeland Mfg Co Inc Reflector
US2354048A (en) * 1940-08-03 1944-07-18 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Flexible lenticular optical sheet
US2355696A (en) * 1938-11-05 1944-08-15 Floyd E Bartell Method of and apparatus for producing laminated glass
US2543800A (en) * 1947-12-05 1951-03-06 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Reflex light reflector
US2620289A (en) * 1945-08-27 1952-12-02 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Method of securing flexible sheets to relatively stiff backings
US2783176A (en) * 1954-08-24 1957-02-26 Libbey Owens Ford Glass Co Method of laminating plastic materials
US2791938A (en) * 1949-05-17 1957-05-14 Electric Stop Nut Corp Light reflectors
GB782895A (en) * 1954-04-05 1957-09-18 William Edward O Shei Improvements in or relating to automobile rear-viewing mirrors
FR1243950A (en) * 1959-09-11 1960-10-21 Improvement in the mounting of articulation ball joints on plastic mirror cups
US3029702A (en) * 1960-06-20 1962-04-17 Richard D Rupert Hermetically sealed reflector
US3049055A (en) * 1959-11-27 1962-08-14 Tubbs William Henry Multiple purpose solar reflector
US3104274A (en) * 1963-03-05 1963-09-17 Garner W King Safety attachment for rear view vehicle mirrors

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1734979A (en) * 1927-10-28 1929-11-12 Charles A Persons Warning signal
US1771061A (en) * 1927-12-13 1930-07-22 James L Rice Rear-vision mirror
GB425138A (en) * 1933-12-04 1935-03-07 Bluemel Brothers Ltd Improvements in or relating to reflectors
US2044620A (en) * 1935-03-08 1936-06-16 Homeland Mfg Co Inc Reflector
US2355696A (en) * 1938-11-05 1944-08-15 Floyd E Bartell Method of and apparatus for producing laminated glass
US2354048A (en) * 1940-08-03 1944-07-18 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Flexible lenticular optical sheet
US2620289A (en) * 1945-08-27 1952-12-02 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Method of securing flexible sheets to relatively stiff backings
US2543800A (en) * 1947-12-05 1951-03-06 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Reflex light reflector
US2791938A (en) * 1949-05-17 1957-05-14 Electric Stop Nut Corp Light reflectors
GB782895A (en) * 1954-04-05 1957-09-18 William Edward O Shei Improvements in or relating to automobile rear-viewing mirrors
US2783176A (en) * 1954-08-24 1957-02-26 Libbey Owens Ford Glass Co Method of laminating plastic materials
FR1243950A (en) * 1959-09-11 1960-10-21 Improvement in the mounting of articulation ball joints on plastic mirror cups
US3049055A (en) * 1959-11-27 1962-08-14 Tubbs William Henry Multiple purpose solar reflector
US3029702A (en) * 1960-06-20 1962-04-17 Richard D Rupert Hermetically sealed reflector
US3104274A (en) * 1963-03-05 1963-09-17 Garner W King Safety attachment for rear view vehicle mirrors

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3441336A (en) * 1966-11-17 1969-04-29 Ralph R Gunderson Adhesive reflector unit with flexible backing
US4208090A (en) * 1967-03-24 1980-06-17 Amerace Corporation Reflector structure
US3627403A (en) * 1969-09-11 1971-12-14 Reflex Corp Canada Ltd Roadway reflectors
US4431471A (en) * 1981-04-24 1984-02-14 Glaverbel Laminated panels
US6003996A (en) * 1995-05-24 1999-12-21 Donnelly Hohe Gmbh & Co. Kg Cap for external side view mirror of a motor vehicle
USD1024171S1 (en) * 2020-10-07 2024-04-23 Anytrek Corporation Camera assembly

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