US3060710A - Photoflash lamp having an anti-static coating - Google Patents
Photoflash lamp having an anti-static coating Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3060710A US3060710A US110795A US11079561A US3060710A US 3060710 A US3060710 A US 3060710A US 110795 A US110795 A US 110795A US 11079561 A US11079561 A US 11079561A US 3060710 A US3060710 A US 3060710A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- lamp
- coating
- envelope
- static
- light
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title description 37
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title description 34
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanamide Chemical compound NC#N XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- CDWDDCFBDRKNLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydrogen phosphate;2-hydroxyethyl-dimethyl-[3-(octadecanoylamino)propyl]azanium Chemical group OP(O)([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCCC[N+](C)(C)CCO CDWDDCFBDRKNLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21K—NON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS; LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21K5/00—Light sources using charges of combustible material, e.g. illuminating flash devices
- F21K5/02—Light sources using charges of combustible material, e.g. illuminating flash devices ignited in a non-disrupting container, e.g. photo-flash bulb
Definitions
- zirconium-filled lamps are more of a problem than the aluminum-filled lamps because of a high susceptibility to static ignitions coupled with the fact that they are more likely to chain react once ignited.
- one of the principal objects of this invention is to minimize inadvertent ignitions of photofiash lamps.
- Another principal object of this invention is to include in the finished photofiash lamp means for minimizing inadvertent ignitions so that the finished lamp will be so protected from the time the manufacture thereof has been completed until it has been actually used by the ultimate purchaser or user.
- the protection resulting from anti-static coatings is related to the amount of material used. While some benefits are derived from partial coverage, it is preferable to tract most of the lacquered bulb surface. Where charges may be induced within the lamp, on the metal parts for example, as a result of electrical charges on nearby objects, it is more desirable to provide a complete coating of the lamp surface including at least one of its external electrical contacts. An electrical path to ground will then be available for neutralization of such charges when any portion of the lamp contacts a grounded conductor, even though the latter may have very high electrical resistance. When anti-static coatings do not touch the external electrical contacts of the lamp, any potentials which may accumulate within the lamp cannot escape to ground until the contacts themselves are electrically grounded. In the case of photoflash lamps, the electrical resistance of anti-static coatings is too high to interfere with normal operation of the lamp through a short circuit of the lamp contacts, as might be expected to result from a complete coating.
- FIGURE 1 is an elevational view of a photoflash lamp and FIGURE 2 is a fragmentary sectional detail on an enlarged scale of a portion of the lamp envelope showing a layer of protective lacquer coating thereon and a layer of anti-static coating over the layer of protective lacquer coating.
- the photofiash lamp illustrated in FIGURE 1 comprises an hermetically sealed, glass, light-transmitting envelope 2, provided with a filling of combustion-supporting gas such as oxygen and a filling of combustible, such as shredded aluminum or zirconium foil 4.
- the envelope 2 is provided with a base 6 aflixed to the neck thereof.
- a tungsten filament 8, supported by lead-in wires 10 and 12 is disposed within the envelope 2.
- the inner ends of the lead-in wires 10 and 12 are provided with a quantity of ignition paste 14.
- the lead-in wires 10 and 12 are supported within the envelope 2 by stem 16 and are connected to conventional lamp contacts 22 and 24 in the usual manner.
- the lamp envelope 2 is provided with a conventional protective lacquer coating 18 and an anti-static coating 29 thereover.
- the protective lacquer coating 18, usually cellulose acetate, is provided in order to minimize the possibility of bulb fragmentation when the lamp is fired.
- the anti-static coating 20 is a film of anti-static material compatible with the protective lacquer coating 18.
- the coating 20 is preferably applied, by dipping or spraying for example, after the lamps have been provided with a conventional protective lacquer coating 13, although anti-static materials compatible with the lacquer coating may be mixed therewith and a single, dual-purpose coating may be applied if desired.
- anti-static materials which will wet the lacquer coating well without producing objectionable cloudiness, resist normal handling, will not increase the likelihood of lamp explosions and at the same time produce a decided reduction in electrostatic charge accumulation and associated high flash rate.
- Statikil manufactured by Statikil, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio, has been found to give very good results. This material is preferably diluted at the rate of 1 part to 15 parts of isopropyl alcohol by volume and applied to the lamps in a dipping process as they emerge from the lacquer drying ovens.
- Catanac SP Another anti-static material which has been found to produce a decided reduction in electrostatic charge accumulation and associated high flash rate is Catanac SP made by the American Cyanamid Company.
- a photofiash lamp comprising: an hermetically sealed, light-transmitting envelope; a source of actinic light disposed within said envelope; a protective, lightt'ransmitting, lacquer coating on the outer wall of said envelope; and a coating of a light-transmitting, anti-static conductive material, compatible with said lacquer coating and covering substantially the entire surface of the outer wall, over said lacquer coating.
- a photoflash lamp having an hermetically sealed light-transmitting envelope and a pair of electrical contacts external of said envelope, the combination of: a protective, light-transmitting, lacquer coating on the outer wall of said envelope; and a coating of light-transmitting antistatic conductive material substantially coextensive with said outer wall, compatible with said lacquer coating, over said lacquer coating and extending into electrical contact with at least one of said electrical contacts.
- a photoflash lamp comprising: an hermetically sealed, light-transmitting envelope; a source of actinic light disposed Within said envelope; and a light-transmitting coating on the outer wall of said envelope substantially coextensive with said outer wall, said coating consisting essentially of a mixture of a protective lacquer and an anti-static conductive material compatible therewith.
- a photoflash lamp comprising: an heremetlcally References Citedin the file of this patent sealed light-transmitting envelope; a filling of zirconium 5 foil disposed within said envelope, said foil providing a UNITED STATES PATENTS source of actinic light; a protective, light-transmitting, 2,711,640 Cressrnan June 28, 1955 lacquer coating on the outer wall of said envelope; and a 2,748,701 Barrows June 5, 1956 coating of a light-transmitting; anti-static conductive 2,791,113 Anderson May 7, 1957
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Electron Tubes, Discharge Lamp Vessels, Lead-In Wires, And The Like (AREA)
- Discharge Lamp (AREA)
Description
s. R. BENNETT 3,060,710
Oct. 30, 1962 SEDGWlCK R. BENNETT INVENTOR.
ATTORN Y Unite Ste 3,060,710 PHOTOFLASH LAMP HAVING AN ANTI-STATIC COATING Sedgwick R. Bennett, Williamsport, Pa., assignor to Sylvania Electric Products Inc., a corporation of Delaware Filed May 17, 1961, Ser. No. 110,795 5 Claims. (Cl. 67-31) This invention relates to the manufacture of photoflash lamps. Inadvertent ignitions, particularly those resulting from electrostatic discharges, have been a problem in the manufacture and handling of photo-flash lamps for many years. A number of difierent techniques have been employed at various stages of lamp manufacturing operation to minimize these inadvertent ignitions and they have been reasonably satisfactory.
With the commercial introduction a few years ago of the first zirconium-filled types of photofiash lamps, another aspect of this problem of inadvertent ignitions presented itself. Tests indicated that zirconium-filled lamps are more of a problem than the aluminum-filled lamps because of a high susceptibility to static ignitions coupled with the fact that they are more likely to chain react once ignited. In view thereof, one of the principal objects of this invention is to minimize inadvertent ignitions of photofiash lamps. Another principal object of this invention is to include in the finished photofiash lamp means for minimizing inadvertent ignitions so that the finished lamp will be so protected from the time the manufacture thereof has been completed until it has been actually used by the ultimate purchaser or user.
I have found that while not all electrostatic discharges likely to ignite lamps are due to low electrical conductance normally found in the exterior lacquer coating with which many photoflash lamps are provided, a large part of the difiiculty centers here. Thus any means by which this conductance may be increased substantially is likely to reduce static generation rates and maximum voltages resulting under any given set of conditions. I have found that certain anti-static materials, compatible with the protecive lacquer coating with which the exterior surface of the lamp envelope is provided, efiect these desired improvements.
The protection resulting from anti-static coatings is related to the amount of material used. While some benefits are derived from partial coverage, it is preferable to tract most of the lacquered bulb surface. Where charges may be induced within the lamp, on the metal parts for example, as a result of electrical charges on nearby objects, it is more desirable to provide a complete coating of the lamp surface including at least one of its external electrical contacts. An electrical path to ground will then be available for neutralization of such charges when any portion of the lamp contacts a grounded conductor, even though the latter may have very high electrical resistance. When anti-static coatings do not touch the external electrical contacts of the lamp, any potentials which may accumulate within the lamp cannot escape to ground until the contacts themselves are electrically grounded. In the case of photoflash lamps, the electrical resistance of anti-static coatings is too high to interfere with normal operation of the lamp through a short circuit of the lamp contacts, as might be expected to result from a complete coating.
In the accompanying drawing illustrating a specific embodiment of my invention, FIGURE 1 is an elevational view of a photoflash lamp and FIGURE 2 is a fragmentary sectional detail on an enlarged scale of a portion of the lamp envelope showing a layer of protective lacquer coating thereon and a layer of anti-static coating over the layer of protective lacquer coating.
3,%,7l Patented Oct. 30, 1962 The photofiash lamp illustrated in FIGURE 1 comprises an hermetically sealed, glass, light-transmitting envelope 2, provided with a filling of combustion-supporting gas such as oxygen and a filling of combustible, such as shredded aluminum or zirconium foil 4. The envelope 2 is provided with a base 6 aflixed to the neck thereof. A tungsten filament 8, supported by lead-in wires 10 and 12, is disposed within the envelope 2. The inner ends of the lead-in wires 10 and 12 are provided with a quantity of ignition paste 14. The lead-in wires 10 and 12 are supported within the envelope 2 by stem 16 and are connected to conventional lamp contacts 22 and 24 in the usual manner.
As shown in FIGURE 2, the lamp envelope 2 is provided with a conventional protective lacquer coating 18 and an anti-static coating 29 thereover. The protective lacquer coating 18, usually cellulose acetate, is provided in order to minimize the possibility of bulb fragmentation when the lamp is fired. The anti-static coating 20 is a film of anti-static material compatible with the protective lacquer coating 18. The coating 20 is preferably applied, by dipping or spraying for example, after the lamps have been provided with a conventional protective lacquer coating 13, although anti-static materials compatible with the lacquer coating may be mixed therewith and a single, dual-purpose coating may be applied if desired.
Although a number of different commercially available anti-static materials may be employed, best results from the viewpoint of lamp performance as well as anti-static effectiveness are obtained with anti-static materials which will wet the lacquer coating well without producing objectionable cloudiness, resist normal handling, will not increase the likelihood of lamp explosions and at the same time produce a decided reduction in electrostatic charge accumulation and associated high flash rate. Statikil, manufactured by Statikil, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio, has been found to give very good results. This material is preferably diluted at the rate of 1 part to 15 parts of isopropyl alcohol by volume and applied to the lamps in a dipping process as they emerge from the lacquer drying ovens.
Another anti-static material which has been found to produce a decided reduction in electrostatic charge accumulation and associated high flash rate is Catanac SP made by the American Cyanamid Company.
What I claim is:
1. A photofiash lamp comprising: an hermetically sealed, light-transmitting envelope; a source of actinic light disposed within said envelope; a protective, lightt'ransmitting, lacquer coating on the outer wall of said envelope; and a coating of a light-transmitting, anti-static conductive material, compatible with said lacquer coating and covering substantially the entire surface of the outer wall, over said lacquer coating.
2. In a photoflash lamp having an hermetically sealed light-transmitting envelope and a pair of electrical contacts external of said envelope, the combination of: a protective, light-transmitting, lacquer coating on the outer wall of said envelope; and a coating of light-transmitting antistatic conductive material substantially coextensive with said outer wall, compatible with said lacquer coating, over said lacquer coating and extending into electrical contact with at least one of said electrical contacts.
3. A photoflash lamp comprising: an hermetically sealed, light-transmitting envelope; a source of actinic light disposed Within said envelope; and a light-transmitting coating on the outer wall of said envelope substantially coextensive with said outer wall, said coating consisting essentially of a mixture of a protective lacquer and an anti-static conductive material compatible therewith.
4. A photoflash lamp as defined in claim 3 and in which a 4 the said coating extends into electrical contact with at material, compatible with said lacquer coating, over said least one of the external electrical contacts with which lacquer coating andvcovering substantially the entire sursaid lamp is provided. face of said outer wall.
5. A photoflash lamp comprising: an heremetlcally References Citedin the file of this patent sealed light-transmitting envelope; a filling of zirconium 5 foil disposed within said envelope, said foil providing a UNITED STATES PATENTS source of actinic light; a protective, light-transmitting, 2,711,640 Cressrnan June 28, 1955 lacquer coating on the outer wall of said envelope; and a 2,748,701 Barrows June 5, 1956 coating of a light-transmitting; anti-static conductive 2,791,113 Anderson May 7, 1957
Claims (1)
1. A PHOTOFLASH LAMP COMPRISING: AN HERMETICALLY SEALED LIGHT-TRANSMITTING ENVELOPE: A SOURCE OF ACTINIC LIGHT DISPOSED WITHIN SAID ENVELOPE; A PROTECTIVE, LIGHT
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US110795A US3060710A (en) | 1961-05-17 | 1961-05-17 | Photoflash lamp having an anti-static coating |
| GB17701/62A GB937580A (en) | 1961-05-17 | 1962-05-08 | Photoflash lamp |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US110795A US3060710A (en) | 1961-05-17 | 1961-05-17 | Photoflash lamp having an anti-static coating |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3060710A true US3060710A (en) | 1962-10-30 |
Family
ID=22334976
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US110795A Expired - Lifetime US3060710A (en) | 1961-05-17 | 1961-05-17 | Photoflash lamp having an anti-static coating |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3060710A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB937580A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3262070A (en) * | 1962-03-26 | 1966-07-19 | Ibm | Vacuum encapsuled exploding wire radiant energy sources and laser embodying same |
| JPS5237034A (en) * | 1975-09-15 | 1977-03-22 | Philips Nv | Flash array |
| US4664622A (en) * | 1986-04-30 | 1987-05-12 | Gte Products Corporation | Multilamp photoflash device with improved coating |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2711640A (en) * | 1954-01-25 | 1955-06-28 | Gen Electric | Vented flash lamp base |
| US2748701A (en) * | 1951-08-28 | 1956-06-05 | Wendell P Barrows | Electrically conductive coating |
| US2791113A (en) * | 1954-04-07 | 1957-05-07 | Gen Electric | Coated flash lamp and manufacture thereof |
-
1961
- 1961-05-17 US US110795A patent/US3060710A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1962
- 1962-05-08 GB GB17701/62A patent/GB937580A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2748701A (en) * | 1951-08-28 | 1956-06-05 | Wendell P Barrows | Electrically conductive coating |
| US2711640A (en) * | 1954-01-25 | 1955-06-28 | Gen Electric | Vented flash lamp base |
| US2791113A (en) * | 1954-04-07 | 1957-05-07 | Gen Electric | Coated flash lamp and manufacture thereof |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3262070A (en) * | 1962-03-26 | 1966-07-19 | Ibm | Vacuum encapsuled exploding wire radiant energy sources and laser embodying same |
| JPS5237034A (en) * | 1975-09-15 | 1977-03-22 | Philips Nv | Flash array |
| DE2640017A1 (en) * | 1975-09-15 | 1977-03-24 | Philips Nv | FLASH LIGHT ARRANGEMENT |
| US4101260A (en) * | 1975-09-15 | 1978-07-18 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Flash array |
| US4664622A (en) * | 1986-04-30 | 1987-05-12 | Gte Products Corporation | Multilamp photoflash device with improved coating |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB937580A (en) | 1963-09-25 |
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