US2972706A - Coded navigational flashers - Google Patents

Coded navigational flashers Download PDF

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US2972706A
US2972706A US850503A US85050359A US2972706A US 2972706 A US2972706 A US 2972706A US 850503 A US850503 A US 850503A US 85050359 A US85050359 A US 85050359A US 2972706 A US2972706 A US 2972706A
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conductor
transistor
output
mixer gate
multivibrator
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US850503A
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Richard F Malm
Walter C Colberg
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B39/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for operating incandescent light sources
    • H05B39/09—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for operating incandescent light sources in which the lamp is fed by pulses

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  • This invention relates to electronically coded navigational ashers and more particularly to such flashers which produce at predetermined intervals a speciiied coded output. 4
  • Electronic flashers as navigational aids have been known which are capable of producing single flashers.
  • the disadvantage of such flashers is that they fail to identify the -source of the flashes and therefore fail to give a speciiic geographical location with respect toother ashers which may be located in the vicinity.
  • the present asher overcomes the disadvantages of previous flashers by specifically providing a system which will code the electronic ilashers so as to provide* information as to conductor 31 to one side of a capacitor ⁇ 32.
  • the other sider of the capacitor 3-2 is connected through a conductor 33 and a conductor 34 to the base 15 of transistor 11.
  • a variable resistor 315 is connected between conductor 33 and ground.
  • Variable resistor 35 is adjusted in value by means of a movable arm 36 as is well known in the art.
  • the collector 17 of transistor 11 ⁇ is connected through a conductor 37 and a conductor 38 to one side of av capacitor 3-9.
  • the other side of the capacitor 39 is connected through a conductor 41 to one side of a vari-r able resistor 42.
  • the other side of the variable ⁇ resistor ⁇ is connected to ground.
  • a movable arm 43 adjusts the ohmic value of variable resistor 42 as is well known in the art.
  • the other side of capacitorv39 ⁇ is also connected: through conductor 41 and a conductor 44 to the base 12 of the transistor 10.
  • a resistor 45 is connected between the juncture of conductor 37 and 38, and conductor 29', ground.
  • the emitter 16 of transistor 11 is connected through a conductor 46 to a resistor 47.
  • Resistor 47 is connected through a conductor 48 to a terminall 49.
  • An appropriate voltage source (not shown) has its positive side connected to terminal 49 and its negative side connected to ground, as represented by conductor 29.
  • Emitter 13 is connected through a conductor 51 and conductor 48 to the positive voltage source terminal 49.
  • a second astable multivibrator B consists of transistors 18 and 19 and their associated circuit components.
  • Transistor 18 has a base-21, an emitter 22 and a collector 23.
  • Transistor 19 has a base 24, an emitter 25 and a collector 26.
  • Collector 14 of transistor 10 is connected through a conductor 27 to a resistor 28. Resistor 28 is connected through a conductor 29 to ground. Collector 14 of transistor 10 is also connected through conductor 27 and aV Astable multivibrator B is synchronized with the operation of astable multivibrator A by coupling part of the output from multivibrator A through a capacitor 5-2 to multivibrator B.
  • Capacitor 52 has one side connected through a conductor 53 and conductor 37 to the collector 17 of transistor 11. The other side of capacitor 52 is connected 'through a conductor 54, a conductor 55, a resistor 56, a conductor 57, a capacitor 58, ya conductor 59 and a conductor 60 ⁇ to the collector 26 of transistor 19. The other side of capacitor 52 is also connected through conductors 54, y55, resistor 56, conductor 57 and a conductor ⁇ 61 to the base 21 of transistor 18.
  • a resistor 62l is connected between the juncture ofy ductor 69 to one side of a capacitor 71.
  • the other sideY of the capacitor 71 is connected through a conductor 72 v,
  • a variable resistor 74 is connected between the juncture of conductor 72 and 73 and ground conductor 29'.
  • Ernitter 22 of transistor 18 is connected through a conductor 76 to the positive voltage source conductor 48.
  • Emitter 25 of transistor 19 is connected through a resistor 77 to the positive voltage source bus 48.
  • a transistor 78 and its associated circuit components function as a mixer gate.
  • an emitter 81 vand a collector 82.
  • Collector 82 of transistor 78 is connected through a conductor 83 and 'a' resistor 84 to ground conductor 29.v
  • the output. of astable multivibrator A is taken from the emitter 16of transistor 11 through aconductor 46 and 85 to a collec-Y tor 82 of transistor 78.
  • the output from astable mul-V tivibrator B is taken from ,thev emitter 25 of transistor 19' through a conductor 86, a resistor 87 and a conductorf88 to the base79oftransistor 78., ⁇
  • the emitter 81j of tran;
  • sistor 78 is connected through a conductor 89 to the base 91 of a transistor 92.
  • Transistor 92 acts as a driver for a power amplifier stage consisting of a transistor 93. Together with their associated components transistors 92 and 93 act as a driver-power amplifier.
  • the collector 94 of transistor 92 is connected through a conductor 95 to ground conductor 29.
  • the emitter 95 of transistor 92 is connected through a conductor 97 to the base 98 of transistor 93.
  • the emitter 99 of transistor 93 is connected through a conductor 101 to the positive voltage source conductor 48.
  • the collector 102 of transistor 93 isconnected through a conductor 103 to one side of the filament 104 of the flashing lamp 105.
  • the other side of the filament 104 is connected through a conductor 105 to the ground conductor 29.
  • the astable multivibrator A provides au output having an output wave form 107, Figure 2.
  • This output wave form appears on conductor 85 and is applied to the collector of the mixer gate consisting of transistor 7S and its associated circuit components.
  • the output of astable multivibrator B is shown as Wave form 108, Figure 2, is taken through conductor 86 to the mixer gate of transistor 78 and introduced into that mixer gate at the base electrode 79.
  • a synchronizing circuit consisting of capacitor 52 and resistor 62 shapes the wave form 109 appearing on conductor 53 for application to the base electrode 21 of transistor ⁇ 18 to which it is applied through conductors 5S, 57, 61 and resistor 56.
  • the output wave form 111 of the synchronizing circuit as appearing on conductor 57 approximates the first derivative of the wave form 109, thus providing a sharp positive pulse which is coincident with the start of the negative going portion of the wave form 107. This pulse forces multivibrator B to change state, thus ensuring that the start of the negative going portion of wave -forms 107 and 108 coincide.
  • the mixer gate transistor 78 is cut off until -suicient negative voltage is ⁇ applied to the base electrode 79 to overcome the quiescent state bias. Therefore the mixer gate transistor 718 is conducting only when wave form 108 is negative. During this conducting period the wave -form 107 applied to the collector electrode 82 of the mixer gate transistor 78 is allowed to pass and appears at the emitter electrode 81 as wave form 112.
  • the Output of the mixer gate 78 appearing at emitter 81, wave form 112, is applied through the driver arnplifier, transistor 92, and the power amplifier, transistor 93., to the input of the device to be actuated.
  • This is illustrated in the specific embodiment to be a lamp load, but it should of course be understood that this lamp load may be an infra-red or ultra-violet ray emitting device or relay to operate an external ydevice other than a lamp.
  • a tungsten filament lamp is used which flashes on and off in accordance with the Wave form 113, Figure 2. The coding of the light beam in its on and off conditions is evident from the wave form 113.
  • the period and symmetry of the astable multivibrator B and as illustrated by wave form 108 is so adjusted as to determine the interval between and the interval during which the coded output wave form 107 of astable multivibrator A is applied to the device to be coded.
  • a coded navigational light flasher comprising a first and second astable multivibrator, means for synchronizing said multivibrators, a mixer gate, a gating input to said mixer gate from said first multivibrator, said gating input opening said mixer gate for a predetermined period of time, an input to said mixer gate from said second astable multivibrator, said mixer gate providing an output from said second multivibrator when opened by said first multivibrator, a driver-power amplifier for amplifying the output of said mixer gate having an input and an output connection, the output of said mixer gate being applied to the input of said driver-power amplifier, an electric lamp, the output of said driver-power amplifier being applied to said electric lamp, said electric lamp giving a visible coded light indication in accordance with the output of said first and second multivibrator.
  • a coded navigational light flasher comprising a first and second astable multivibrator, means for synchronizing said multivibrators, a mixer gate, a gating input to said mixer gate from said first multivibrator, said gating input opening said mixer gate for a predetermined period of time, an input to said mixer gate from said second astable multivibrator, said mixer gate providing an out put from said second multivibrator when opened by said iirst multivibrator, a driver-power amplifier for amplifying the output of said mixer gate having an input and an output connection, the output of said mixer gate being applied to the input of said driver-power amplifier, an
  • said electric lamp the output of said driver-power amplifier ⁇ being applied to said electric lamp, said electric lamp giving a visible coded light indication for cyclic periods set by said first multivibrator, said second multivibrator determining the coding and quality of the light emitted during said cyclic period.
  • a coded navigational light flasher comprising a plurality of astable multivibrators, means for synchronizing said multivibrators, a mixer gate, a gating input to said mixer gate from one of said multivibrators, said gating input opening said mixer gate for a predetermined period of time, an input to said mixer gate from said other astable multivibrators, said mixer gate providing an output from said lother multivibrators when opened by said one multivibrator, a driver-power amplifier for amplifying the output of said mixer gate having an input and an output connection, the output of said mixer gate being applied to the input of said driver-power amplifier, an electric lamp, the output of said driver-power amplifier being applied to said electric lamp, said electric lamp giving a visible coded light indication in accordance with the output of said multivibrators.
  • a coded navigational fiasher comprising a first and second astable multivibrator, means for synchronizing said multivibrators, a mixer gate, a gating input to said mixer gate from said first multivibrator, said gatinginput opening said mixer gate for a predetermined period of time, an input to said mixer gate from said second astable multivibrator, said mixer gate providing an output from said second multivibrator when opened by said first multivibrator, a driver-power amplifier for amplifying the output of said mixer gate having an input and an output connection, the output of said mixer gate being applied to the input of said driver-power amplifier, an electric lamp, the output of said driver-power amplifier being applied to said electric lamp, said electric lamp giving a coded indication in accordance with the output of said first and second multivibrator.
  • a coded navigational asher comprising a plurality of astable multivibrators, means for synchronizing said multivibrators, a mixer gate, a gating input to said mixer gate from one of said multivibrators, said gating input opening said mixer gate for a predetermined period of time, an input to said Vmixer gate from said other astable multivibrators, said mixer gate providing an output from said other multivibrators when opened by said one multivibrator, a' driver-power amplifier for amplifying the output of said mixer gate having an input and an output connection, the output of said mixer gate being applied References Cited in the le of this patent to the input of said driver-power amplifier., an ⁇ electric lamp, the output of said driver-power amplifier being ap- UNITED STATES PATENTS plied to said electric lamp, said electric lamp giving a 2,829,257 Root Apr, 1J 1958 coded indication in accordance with the output of said 5 2,848,653 Hussey Aug, 19, 1953 multivibrators.

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Description

Feb 2l, 1961 R. F, MALM ETAL 2,972,706
conED NAVIGATIONAL FLAsHERs Filed Nov. 2. 1959 32H U www CODED NAVIGATIONAL FLASHERS Richard F. Malm, Wildwood Crest, and Walter C. Colberg, Villas, NJ., assignors to the United States of America as representedV by the Secretary of the Treasury Filed Nov. 2, 1959, Ser. No. 850,503
Claims. (Cl. 315-225) (Granted under Title 35, U.S. Code (1952), sec. 266) The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or for the Government of the United States for governmental purposes without the payment to us of any royalty thereon in accordance with the provisions of 35 U.S.C. 266.
This invention relates to electronically coded navigational ashers and more particularly to such flashers which produce at predetermined intervals a speciiied coded output. 4
Electronic flashers as navigational aids have been known which are capable of producing single flashers. The disadvantage of such flashers is that they fail to identify the -source of the flashes and therefore fail to give a speciiic geographical location with respect toother ashers which may be located in the vicinity. The present asher overcomes the disadvantages of previous flashers by specifically providing a system which will code the electronic ilashers so as to provide* information as to conductor 31 to one side of a capacitor\32. The other sider of the capacitor 3-2 is connected through a conductor 33 and a conductor 34 to the base 15 of transistor 11. A variable resistor 315 is connected between conductor 33 and ground. Variable resistor 35 is adjusted in value by means of a movable arm 36 as is well known in the art.
The collector 17 of transistor 11` is connected through a conductor 37 and a conductor 38 to one side of av capacitor 3-9. The other side of the capacitor 39 is connected through a conductor 41 to one side of a vari-r able resistor 42. The other side of the variable` resistor` is connected to ground. A movable arm 43 adjusts the ohmic value of variable resistor 42 as is well known in the art. The other side of capacitorv39` is also connected: through conductor 41 and a conductor 44 to the base 12 of the transistor 10. A resistor 45 is connected between the juncture of conductor 37 and 38, and conductor 29', ground. The emitter 16 of transistor 11 is connected through a conductor 46 to a resistor 47. Resistor 47 is connected through a conductor 48 to a terminall 49. An appropriate voltage source (not shown) has its positive side connected to terminal 49 and its negative side connected to ground, as represented by conductor 29. Emitter 13 is connected through a conductor 51 and conductor 48 to the positive voltage source terminal 49.
source identification and such other information as may be deemed desirable. Such other information may include a danger code to Warn of unusual conditions in the area involved.` n
Accordingly it is an object of this invention to provide a new and improved electronically coded navigational flasher whichwill produce a preselected coded output at predetermined intervals.
Another object of thisinvention is to provide a new andimproved electronically coded navigational flasher which will give maximum stability and etliciency with a minimum number of parts and maintenance problems.
Another object of this invention is to providel a n ew and improved electronically coded navigational asher rin which the coded 'output of the flasher can give information as to the source of the signal and other predetermined emitter 13 and a collector 14. Transistor 11 has a base 15, an emitter 16 and a collector 17. v
A second astable multivibrator B consists of transistors 18 and 19 and their associated circuit components. Transistor 18 has a base-21, an emitter 22 and a collector 23. Transistor 19 has a base 24, an emitter 25 and a collector 26.
Collector 14 of transistor 10 is connected through a conductor 27 to a resistor 28. Resistor 28 is connected through a conductor 29 to ground. Collector 14 of transistor 10 is also connected through conductor 27 and aV Astable multivibrator B is synchronized with the operation of astable multivibrator A by coupling part of the output from multivibrator A through a capacitor 5-2 to multivibrator B. Capacitor 52 has one side connected through a conductor 53 and conductor 37 to the collector 17 of transistor 11. The other side of capacitor 52 is connected 'through a conductor 54, a conductor 55, a resistor 56, a conductor 57, a capacitor 58, ya conductor 59 and a conductor 60` to the collector 26 of transistor 19. The other side of capacitor 52 is also connected through conductors 54, y55, resistor 56, conductor 57 and a conductor `61 to the base 21 of transistor 18.
A resistor 62l is connected between the juncture ofy ductor 69 to one side of a capacitor 71. The other sideY of the capacitor 71 is connected through a conductor 72 v,
and a conductor 73` to the base 24 of transistor 19. A variable resistor 74 is connected between the juncture of conductor 72 and 73 and ground conductor 29'. Av
movable arm 75 permits the ohmic adjustment of thel variable resistor, as is well known in thev art.-
Ernitter 22 of transistor 18 is connected through a conductor 76 to the positive voltage source conductor 48. Emitter 25 of transistor 19 is connected through a resistor 77 to the positive voltage source bus 48.
A transistor 78 and its associated circuit components function as a mixer gate. an emitter 81 vand a collector 82. Collector 82 of transistor 78 is connected through a conductor 83 and 'a' resistor 84 to ground conductor 29.v The output. of astable multivibrator A is taken from the emitter 16of transistor 11 through aconductor 46 and 85 to a collec-Y tor 82 of transistor 78. The output from astable mul-V tivibrator B is taken from ,thev emitter 25 of transistor 19' through a conductor 86, a resistor 87 and a conductorf88 to the base79oftransistor 78.,` The emitter 81j: of tran;
Patented Feb. 21,y 196i Collector 26 of transistor 19 Transistor 78 has a base 79,
sistor 78 is connected through a conductor 89 to the base 91 of a transistor 92. Transistor 92 acts as a driver for a power amplifier stage consisting of a transistor 93. Together with their associated components transistors 92 and 93 act as a driver-power amplifier. The collector 94 of transistor 92 is connected through a conductor 95 to ground conductor 29. The emitter 95 of transistor 92 is connected through a conductor 97 to the base 98 of transistor 93. The emitter 99 of transistor 93, is connected through a conductor 101 to the positive voltage source conductor 48. The collector 102 of transistor 93 isconnected through a conductor 103 to one side of the filament 104 of the flashing lamp 105. The other side of the filament 104 is connected through a conductor 105 to the ground conductor 29.
In operation the astable multivibrator A provides au output having an output wave form 107, Figure 2. This output wave form appears on conductor 85 and is applied to the collector of the mixer gate consisting of transistor 7S and its associated circuit components. The output of astable multivibrator B is shown as Wave form 108, Figure 2, is taken through conductor 86 to the mixer gate of transistor 78 and introduced into that mixer gate at the base electrode 79. To insure that the start of the negative going portions of wave forms 107 and 108 are applied simultaneously to the mixer gate transistor 78, a synchronizing circuit consisting of capacitor 52 and resistor 62 shapes the wave form 109 appearing on conductor 53 for application to the base electrode 21 of transistor `18 to which it is applied through conductors 5S, 57, 61 and resistor 56. The output wave form 111 of the synchronizing circuit as appearing on conductor 57 approximates the first derivative of the wave form 109, thus providing a sharp positive pulse which is coincident with the start of the negative going portion of the wave form 107. This pulse forces multivibrator B to change state, thus ensuring that the start of the negative going portion of wave - forms 107 and 108 coincide.
The mixer gate transistor 78 is cut off until -suicient negative voltage is `applied to the base electrode 79 to overcome the quiescent state bias. Therefore the mixer gate transistor 718 is conducting only when wave form 108 is negative. During this conducting period the wave -form 107 applied to the collector electrode 82 of the mixer gate transistor 78 is allowed to pass and appears at the emitter electrode 81 as wave form 112.
The Output of the mixer gate 78 appearing at emitter 81, wave form 112, is applied through the driver arnplifier, transistor 92, and the power amplifier, transistor 93., to the input of the device to be actuated. This is illustrated in the specific embodiment to be a lamp load, but it should of course be understood that this lamp load may be an infra-red or ultra-violet ray emitting device or relay to operate an external ydevice other than a lamp. In the device illustrated a tungsten filament lamp is used which flashes on and off in accordance with the Wave form 113, Figure 2. The coding of the light beam in its on and off conditions is evident from the wave form 113. The period and symmetry of the astable multivibrator B and as illustrated by wave form 108 is so adjusted as to determine the interval between and the interval during which the coded output wave form 107 of astable multivibrator A is applied to the device to be coded.
While there has been shown and described an invention in connection with certain specific embodiments, it will, of course, be understood that it is not intended nor wished to be limited thereto since it is apparent that the principles herein disclosed are susceptible of numerous other applications, and modifications may be made in the circuit arrangement and in the instrumentalities employed without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention as set forth in the appended claims.
What is claimed is:
l. A coded navigational light flasher comprising a first and second astable multivibrator, means for synchronizing said multivibrators, a mixer gate, a gating input to said mixer gate from said first multivibrator, said gating input opening said mixer gate for a predetermined period of time, an input to said mixer gate from said second astable multivibrator, said mixer gate providing an output from said second multivibrator when opened by said first multivibrator, a driver-power amplifier for amplifying the output of said mixer gate having an input and an output connection, the output of said mixer gate being applied to the input of said driver-power amplifier, an electric lamp, the output of said driver-power amplifier being applied to said electric lamp, said electric lamp giving a visible coded light indication in accordance with the output of said first and second multivibrator.
2. A coded navigational light flasher comprising a first and second astable multivibrator, means for synchronizing said multivibrators, a mixer gate, a gating input to said mixer gate from said first multivibrator, said gating input opening said mixer gate for a predetermined period of time, an input to said mixer gate from said second astable multivibrator, said mixer gate providing an out put from said second multivibrator when opened by said iirst multivibrator, a driver-power amplifier for amplifying the output of said mixer gate having an input and an output connection, the output of said mixer gate being applied to the input of said driver-power amplifier, an
electric lamp, the output of said driver-power amplifier` being applied to said electric lamp, said electric lamp giving a visible coded light indication for cyclic periods set by said first multivibrator, said second multivibrator determining the coding and quality of the light emitted during said cyclic period.
3. A coded navigational light flasher comprising a plurality of astable multivibrators, means for synchronizing said multivibrators, a mixer gate, a gating input to said mixer gate from one of said multivibrators, said gating input opening said mixer gate for a predetermined period of time, an input to said mixer gate from said other astable multivibrators, said mixer gate providing an output from said lother multivibrators when opened by said one multivibrator, a driver-power amplifier for amplifying the output of said mixer gate having an input and an output connection, the output of said mixer gate being applied to the input of said driver-power amplifier, an electric lamp, the output of said driver-power amplifier being applied to said electric lamp, said electric lamp giving a visible coded light indication in accordance with the output of said multivibrators.
4. A coded navigational fiasher comprising a first and second astable multivibrator, means for synchronizing said multivibrators, a mixer gate, a gating input to said mixer gate from said first multivibrator, said gatinginput opening said mixer gate for a predetermined period of time, an input to said mixer gate from said second astable multivibrator, said mixer gate providing an output from said second multivibrator when opened by said first multivibrator, a driver-power amplifier for amplifying the output of said mixer gate having an input and an output connection, the output of said mixer gate being applied to the input of said driver-power amplifier, an electric lamp, the output of said driver-power amplifier being applied to said electric lamp, said electric lamp giving a coded indication in accordance with the output of said first and second multivibrator.
5. A coded navigational asher comprising a plurality of astable multivibrators, means for synchronizing said multivibrators, a mixer gate, a gating input to said mixer gate from one of said multivibrators, said gating input opening said mixer gate for a predetermined period of time, an input to said Vmixer gate from said other astable multivibrators, said mixer gate providing an output from said other multivibrators when opened by said one multivibrator, a' driver-power amplifier for amplifying the output of said mixer gate having an input and an output connection, the output of said mixer gate being applied References Cited in the le of this patent to the input of said driver-power amplifier., an `electric lamp, the output of said driver-power amplifier being ap- UNITED STATES PATENTS plied to said electric lamp, said electric lamp giving a 2,829,257 Root Apr, 1J 1958 coded indication in accordance with the output of said 5 2,848,653 Hussey Aug, 19, 1953 multivibrators.
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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3101454A (en) * 1960-07-11 1963-08-20 Technical Oil Tool Corp Transistor r-c oscillator
US3310708A (en) * 1964-09-16 1967-03-21 Robert L Seidler Lamp control circuit
US3329868A (en) * 1962-09-29 1967-07-04 Bosch Gmbh Robert Blinking light control arrangement
US3388293A (en) * 1965-05-20 1968-06-11 Fabri Tek Inc Indicator lamp in a transistor emitter follower circuit with a lamp warmup resistor in parallel with the transistor
US3440489A (en) * 1966-10-21 1969-04-22 Sperry Rand Corp Bidirectional switching means for electrical lamps
US5600209A (en) * 1994-07-07 1997-02-04 St. Louis; Raymond F. Electronic candle simulator

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2829257A (en) * 1956-11-09 1958-04-01 Dietz Co R E Transistor oscillator circuit
US2848653A (en) * 1957-10-04 1958-08-19 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Transistor gating circuit

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2829257A (en) * 1956-11-09 1958-04-01 Dietz Co R E Transistor oscillator circuit
US2848653A (en) * 1957-10-04 1958-08-19 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Transistor gating circuit

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3101454A (en) * 1960-07-11 1963-08-20 Technical Oil Tool Corp Transistor r-c oscillator
US3329868A (en) * 1962-09-29 1967-07-04 Bosch Gmbh Robert Blinking light control arrangement
US3310708A (en) * 1964-09-16 1967-03-21 Robert L Seidler Lamp control circuit
US3388293A (en) * 1965-05-20 1968-06-11 Fabri Tek Inc Indicator lamp in a transistor emitter follower circuit with a lamp warmup resistor in parallel with the transistor
US3440489A (en) * 1966-10-21 1969-04-22 Sperry Rand Corp Bidirectional switching means for electrical lamps
US5600209A (en) * 1994-07-07 1997-02-04 St. Louis; Raymond F. Electronic candle simulator
USRE37168E1 (en) * 1994-07-07 2001-05-08 Raymond F. St. Louis Electronic candle simulator

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