US294688A - Dynamo-electric machine - Google Patents

Description

No Model.) A 2 sheens-sheet'z. 1 vR. J. SHBBHY.

*I DYNAMO ELECTRIC MAGHIN. No. 294,688. Patented Mar. 4, 1884.

WITNESSES 8 IJV VEN' TOR UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ROBERT J. S-HEEHY,OF NEV YORK, N. Y.

DYNAlVlO-ELECTRIC MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION; forming part of Letters Patent No. 294,688, dated March 4, 1884.

(No model.)

To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, ROBERT J. SHEEHY, a citizen of the United States, and a resident in the city, cou-nty, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in DynamofElectricMachines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to that class of electrical appliances which have for their object the conversion of mechanical into electrical energy. v

The invention relates, in particular, to the form and construction of the armature, to the method of obtaining uniformity in the strength of current generated, to the disposition of the poles of the ield-oiforce magnets, and to the method of applying the power.

The main object of my invention is to construct an electric generator of the dynamo type, which shall, as far as practicable, produce a constant electric current of any required strength with the least possible expenditure of motive power, and this I accomplish by causing two or more armatures of improved construction, as hereinafter set forth, to be respectively revolved through elds of force of constant but opposite polarity, in which armatures two series of electric impulses are simultaneously induced, the phases of which are so related that when combined the resultant is a current of constant strength.

The invention, as related to the armature, consists in constructing the core of the armatures in three circular or ring-shaped sections, one of which is secured toa revolving shaft and serves as a support for the remaining two, while each of the latter carries a series of bobbins of insulated wire. The bobbins upon one ring are arranged with their central portions opposite the spaces intervening between the corresponding bobbins of the other series. The bobbins themselves, however, are of greater length than the intervening spaces, from which it results that their extremities extend beyond each other. By this construction the amount of inductive wire within the magnetic field is nearly constant at all times. The armatures are mounted upon a single shaft, which also carries suitable commutators for placing and maintaining the opposite terminals of the successive bobbins simultaneously in electric connection with suitable collecting- Aa magnetic iield created by a magnetic force of one polarity only, and in causing the armature to be revolved therethrough, a constant proportion of the armature being at all times within the inductive induence of the same.

The invention also involves the arrangement of several armatures upon one shaft for the purpose of reducing friction and obtaining uniformity of speed.

The invention also includes certain details of construction, the exact subject-matter claimed being hereinafter specifically designated.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a plan view, Fig. 2 a side, and Fig. 3 an end elevation, of my improved dynamo electric machine. Fig. et shows the construction of one of the shaft-bearings. Figs. 5 and 6 are perspective views of the core-plates of the armature detached. Fig. 7 is a sectional view of one of the shaft-bearings. showing the insulating-sleeve through which the armatureconductors are carried on their way to the commutator.

Referring to the drawings, A and A represent two similar electro-magnets for producing the iield of force in the generator. The magnet A consists of two parallel iron cores, a', united at their upper extremities with each other by a horizontal yoke, a2, of magnetic material, and each wound with a coil, c, of insulated wire. The electro-magnet A likewise consists of two cores united by an iron yoke-plate, o", and wound with coils of insulated wire ai w". electrically connected together in Aseries and in such relations that a current traversing all simultaneously will induce magnetism of one description in the free extremities of the pole pieces b and b2, and magnetism of the opposite description in the corresponding pole-pieces, bi and b. The polepieces are magnetically separated from each other, excepting as they All of thc-coils a and ci are IOO are connected through the horizontal yokeplates c2 anda'L at the opposite extremities of the cores. The pole-picces b., b2, b, and b, cach consists ol a rectangular bloek or plate of iron having a semi-cylindrical recess formed across one cdge,'as shown in Figs. 3 and l. This system of field-magnets is supported from a suitable base, B, by means oit non-magnetic blocks B. The polepieces are so arranged that the recessed faces ot' the pole-pieces b and face in one direction, and the corresponding iaces ot' the pole-picces b and b face in the opposite direction. The two fields thus created are traversed by a central shaft, C, supported in two bearings, c c', formed in standards cL ci, secured to the base B. vIn cach iield is placed an armature, D, mounted upon the sha 't C in the manner shown in the drawings.

It will be observed from the construction and arrangement ofthe pole-pieces and armature-shaft that at any given time approximately one half ot' one entire armature will be within its tield ot' force, and that at the same time the diametrically-opposite halt' ol` the other armature will be in its Yl'ield. The main purpose ot" this construction is to cqualize the strain upon the shaft-bearings. The current generated in the main circuit is the resultant or sum ot' the successive impulses induced in the coils ol' the armatures during their revolution from certain predetermined points in the held ot' i'orcel to certain other points approximately halt' a revolution locyond. r\,.current, however, made up of a succession olimpulses oi graduallyincreasing intensity would not itselt' be ot' uniform strength,

4but varying or iluctuating in'its intensity.

To obviate this difficulty, l employ in each armature two series ot' coils, the individual coils of each series alternating with each other in such manner that the variati ons in the strength ot' the impulses proceeding from one series will be approximately counterbalaueed by the variations in the strengths ol' the currents or impulses proceeding from the other series. My plan ot' constructin g an armature whereby this' end may be attained is as follows: The core of each armature is l'ornied in three sections-a central and two outer sect-ions. The central section, F, is attached directly to the shaft and aetsas a support for the two outer sections. The section F Vconsists of an annuh4 lar casting or disk oil' sott iron having two annular series ol' lugs, f and j, formed upon each of its laces. The lugs j" and f upon one face alternate in angular position with those upon the other i'ace. Thus each ofthe lugs upon the lei't`hand face project from points opposite the central point between the two cor- :responding lugs upon the right-hand face of the disk. Upon each lugf and j is formed a shoulder, ft' and f, respectively, ot' which the former 'face :troni the center ol' the disk F toward the periphery o'l' the same, and the latis formed upon each i'ace ot' the disk F a continuous annular hub, j", throllgh which' are formed openings f5, to allow the passage ol' the armature-conductors on their way to the commutators. The remaining disks are ol' similar construction. Each is composed or' a plate, c, designed to iit in the recesses between the lugs jj' andj" of the central disk, l?, and to, rest upon the shoulders j" andj'". The annular plate e is provided with extenson-bloeks c2 upon its inner it'ace, intended to occupy the spaces between. said shoulders. lt is further provided upon its outer l'ace with 'a number' ot' radial lugs, c', designed to ilit upon thelugs j" and j", to which they are secured by rivets or screws. Through each lug c are formed three boltvholes, c. One ot' these bolt-holes is located near the outer extremity ot' the lug, a second near the inner edge ol' the same, and the t-hird at an intermediate point, and preterably extending through the central lug, et. By means oi suitable bolts extending` through these holes and corresponding bolt-holes, j, formed through the central core-section, l?, the three sections of the armature are securely ihstenedtogether, wi th thelu and correspon( lingdepressions or recesses interlocking in their proper positions. The conductors lforming the independent bobbins d di, rte., are wound upon such portions ot' the annular plate c as are included between two adjacent systems ot' radial lugs.

' Each bobbin d of the armatures l) and l`) consists of a coil ot' insulated wire wound in the ordinary manner, and all in the same direction, about the ilat ring e. The outer terminal of cach bobbin d is connected with an insulated segment ol' a eonunntator, (t. upon one side ot' the arnm-ture, and the inner terminals ot the lsame are respectively connected with the insulated segments ot' a second commutator, lil', upon the opposite side ot' the armature. ln like manner the inner and outer terminals of the bobbins comprised in the armature D' are respectively connected with the segments oi' the eommutators (,l and IY, located upon the opposite sides ot' that armature. The four commutators (l, G1', l l, and lll thus provided each consists ol' eight segmental rings, l. l l", Jvc., and each ring comprises two nearly semicircular segments, fi and fi. The adjacent ends ol' each pair 'i and fz" ot segments are insulated from each other, and all the segments are also insulated i'rom each other.- The commutators are mounted upon the shaft lf) in the usual manner and re` volve therewith, but are insulated therefrom.

Against the surl'ace ot' each commutator rests a contact or collecting brush, K, into contact with which the successive segments are brought. The arrangement of the commutator-segments with reference to their respective bobbins is such that the respective outer and inner terminals ot' the successive bobbins are simultaneously brought into contact with the,

corresponding brushes in regular rotation.A

Thus the outer terminal of the bobbin d of TOO per.

the armature-D is connected with the segmentvv i of the segmental ring I of commutator G, and its inner terminal is connected with the segment /f of the ring I of commutator H. The terminals of the bobbin di, which is the succeeding and alternate bobbin, are connected in the same manner with the segments t" of rings l2, respectively, the terminals of the next succeeding and alternate bobbin d with the segments i of the rings 1:", &c. The conductors leading from the armature-coils to the segments are passed through longitudinal perforations a, Figs. f land 7, in the insulatingsleeve N, preferably made of compressed pa- This sleeve is contained within a metallic shell, It, provided on either side with flanges 7s and la?. The surface of the shell 7c revolves in the bearing c,'supported by standards c2 c2. The angular positions of .the commutator-segments t" i2 fil", &c are such that they arebrought in regular succession into Contact with the commutator-brush, and immediately upon or before :the arrival of one? ofthe bobbins at the point in the magnetic field where a current generated therein ceases to be of available strength, its comnmtator-s'egments sever their connections with their respective contact-brushes. bin diametrically opposite the one passing from the field of force enters the sameupon the opposite side, and is connected through its com mutator-segments with the respective com mutator-brushes. The contact-brushes of the commutator are carried by movable brushholders Z, capable of angular adjustment in the support Z. rlhe brush K of commutator G may be connected to one terminal of the external or work circuit, the opposite terminal of which willv then be connected to the contact-brush K of commutator G. tact-brushes K of the commutators H and H would in that case be connected with each other through the coils of the field-magnets A and A, the connections being such as to cause a current traversing the same to induce magnetism of, say, north polarity in the poles presented to the armature D, and of south polarity in the poles presented to the armature D", or vice versa. As shown, however, the fieldmagnets are included in the circuit between the brushes of the commutators G and G, and the lamps or other electric devices would be in the circuit 3 between the brushes of the commutators H and H', or both the field-magnets and the lights may be included in either portion of the complete circuit.

Instead of employing only two armatures, D and D, any desired number maybe carried upon the same shaft C and constitute one generator, the requisite number of field-magnets and commutators being also provided. It is evident, moreover, that an, armatuie constructed in the manner hereinbefore described is applicable to machines wherein the field of force is established by two electro-magnets of opposite polarity.

The main line of conductors may be conven- At the same moment the bob The conientlyconnected to the brushes of the outer commutators,,iny which case it will be necessary'to connect the inner commutator-brushes together by a conductor of low resistance, or the main line may be connected to the said inner commutator brushes and the outer brushes connected together; or the devices to be operated may be included in both the circuits connecting the outer brushes and inner brushes. A

I claim as my inventionl. rlhe combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a central armature plate or disk of soft iron, and an annulus of soft iron carried thereby, by suitable projections, and situated in a plane parallel to the plane of said central plate.

2. lllhe combination,substantially as hereinbefore set forth, 4of a central armature disk or plate of soft iron, two anuuli of soft ironone on either side of said disk-and means of attaching said annuli to the face of said disk, substantially as described.

3. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of the central armaturedisk, upon each face thereof an annulus of soft iron, means of attachment, substantially as described, and coils of conductors surrounding each annulus, except at the points of attachment.

4. rl-he combination, substantially as hercinbefore set forth, of a central shaft, a disk of soft iron carried thereby, situated in a transverse plane thereto, an annulus of soft iron carried upon the face of said disk, shouldered lugs projecting from said disk, lugs projecting from said annulus for fitting said shouldered lugs, and bolts for securing them in place.

y5. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a central disk of soft iron, two series of bobbins-one on either side thereof-the bobbins of one series being placed in intermediate angular positions to those of the other series, and said bobbins lying lengthwise in a plane parallel to the plane of said disk, substantially as described.

6. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of two lfield-magnets having their respective parts parallel the one to the other, two semicircular fields arranged in the same axial line, produced by said magnets in the manner described, and facing in opposite IOO IIO

rinbefore set forth, of two fields created and disposed in the manner described, two armatures revolving in said Iields, a single shaft upon which said armatures are mounted, and a central pulley by which said shalt is impellcd. 4

In testimony whereofl I have hereunto subscribed my name this 16th day of November, A. D. 1882.

OI-BERT J. SllllllllFIY. VtneSSeS:

DANIEL W. thermomix, MILLER (l. EARL.

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