US2810608A - Nozzle for applying cutting fluid in a flat stream - Google Patents

Description

Oct. 22, 1957 A. BIBER 2,810,608

NOZZLE FOR APPLYING CUTTING FLUID IN A FLAT STREAM Filed July 7. 1953 F1162. yres. F165.

l: E T: l i I 2 INVENTOR. ALBERT BI BELR ATT'oRNmr United States Patent NOZZLE FOR AFPLYIN G CUTTING FLUID IN A FLAT STREAM Albert Biber, Pittsburgh, Pa., assignor to Gulf Research & Development Company, Pittsburgh, Pa., :1 corporation of Delaware Application July 7, 1953, Serial No. 366,438

3 Claims. (Cl. 299-154) The present invention relates to a nozzle assembly, and more particularly pertains to a nozzle for emitting a fiat non-spreading stream that may be adjusted angularly about its longitudinal axis.

Generally, the invention resides in the structure and method of making a nozzle having a passageway therethrough which for at least a portion of its axial extent changes progressively in its transverse configuration from being circular to being substantially fiat, the rate of such progressive changes in configuration being at a maximum intermediate the axial extent of such portion and appreaching zero adjacent the opposite ends of such portion. In the preferred form of the invention, the aforementioned progressive changes in the transverse configuration of the passageway are also accompanied by a progressive decrease in the cross-sectional area of the passageway. The invention also resides in an angular mount ing rib on the nozzle and means engaging such mounting rib for securing the nozzle in adjusted angular relationship about its longitudinal axis to a feed conduit.

The invention is fully described hereinafter with reference being made to the accompanying drawings, where- Figure 1 is an elevational view of the discharge end of the nozzle of this invention;

Figure 2 is a horizontal sectional view taken upon the plane of section line 22 of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a vertical sectional view taken upon the plane of section line 33 of Figure 1;

Figure 4 is a side elevational view, on a reduced scale, of the nozzle assembly with portions thereof being cut away and shown in section to illustrate the manner in which the nozzle of Figure 1 is secured to the feed conduit; and,

Figure 5 is a longitudinal central sectional view of the nozzle of this invention at an intermediate stage of manufacture.

Referring to the drawings, the numeral designates generally the nozzle of this invention. The nozzle 10 is best shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3 wherein the same will be seen to be of integral construction and comprised of a hollow cylindrical section 12 provided with an annular mounting rib 14. The hollow cylindrical section 12 is partially closed at one end by a wall 16 through which the interior of the hollow cylindrical section 12 opens into the lip section 18 of the nozzle.

The cylindrical section 12, the wall 16, and the lip section 18 of the nozzle define a passageway having a longitudinally straight axis comprised of four contiguous portions, namely, a portion 20 of circular cylindrical configuration, a portion 22 of circular cylindrical configuration and of lesser diameter than the passageway portion 20, a portion 24 of progressively varying transverse dimensions, and a portion 25 of short axial extent that is of constant transverse dimensions and which opens through the outer extremity of lip section 18. The juncture of passageway portions 24 and 25 is indicated in Figure 2 by the dashed line 25'.

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The passageway portion 24 at its end adjacent the passageway portion 22 has a cross section identical with that of the passageway portion 22; however, as best shown in Figures 2 and 3, the cross section of the passageway portion 24 at the end thereof adjacent the passageway portion 25 is of an elongated configuration having substantially parallel sides and semicircular ends. As will be noted upon comparing Figures 2 and 3, the crosssectional configuration of the passageway portion 24 progressively and smoothly changes throughout its axial extent from the cross-sectional configuration at one extremity to that of its other extremity.

Inspection of Figures 2 and 3 will also show that the passageway portion 24 progressively increases in one transverse dimension, while progressively decreasing in a transverse dimension perpendicular thereto, it being especially noteworthy that the rate of such progressive changes is at a maximum intermediate the axial extent of the passageway portion 24 and that such rate of progressive changes is equal to or at least approaches zero adjacent the opposite axial extremities of the passageway portion 24.

In the preferred form of the invention shown in the drawings, the progressive changes in the transverse dimensions of the passageway portion 24 are also accompanied by a progressive decrease in the cross-sectional area of the passageway portion 24, such progressive decrease in cross sectional area having a maximum rate intermediate the axial extent of the passageway portion 24 and at least approaching zero adjacent the opposite axial extremities thereof. The advantages stemming from the unique configuration of the passageway portion 24 described in this and the preceding paragraph will be subsequently set forth. It will also be noted that the rate of the progressive dimensional changes varies smoothly and continuously.

The shape of the lip section 18 and the unique configuration of the passageway portions 24 and 25 therethrough will perhaps be more clearly understood upon description of the preferred method of fabricating the same. Referring to Figure 5, there is designated generally at 26 a work piece representing an intermediate stage of manufacture of the nozzle 10 according to the preferred method. 1

The similarity between the shape of the work piece 26 and the shape of the nozzle 10 will be apparent, the former diifering from the latter only with respect to the lip section 18, such work piece 26 comprising a hollow circular cylindrical section 28 having an annular rib 30 thereon, a wall 32 partially closing one end of the cylindrical section 28, and a hollow, circular, cylindrical section 34 integral with the wall 32.

The passageway through the work piece 26 is composed of three portions, namely, passageway portion 36 corresponding to passageway portion 20 of nozzle 10, passageway portion 38 corresponding to passageway portion 22 of nozzle 10, and a passageway portion 40 extending through the cylindrical section 34. The passageway portions 36, 38 and 40 are axially aligned and each is of circular cross section, the passageway portions 38 and 40 being of equal and uniform diameter throughout their axial extents. The shape of the work piece 26 can be obtained by various methods, such as casting following by machining, die casting, molding, or by turning on a lathe from solid stock, the latter method being preferred. The work piece 26 may be fashioned from materials such as various metals, their alloys, and plastics. In fabricating the nozzle 10 according to the preferred method, it is essential that the material forming the work :piece 26 be of such character as to withstand the hereinafter described flattening operation. Among such ma- 3 terials may be mentioned copper, malleable alloys such as brass, and thermo plastic resins.

The hereinbefore mentioned flattening operation consists of partially flattening the outer extremity of the cylindrical section 34 until the outer extremity has the transverse configuration of the lip section 18 as shown in Figure 1, that is, until the cross section of the outer extremity of the passageway portion 40 assumes an elongated configuration of closely-spaced parallel sides and generally semicircular ends. It is essential that the fiattening operation be so conducted that the cylindrical portion 34 is flattened to a uniform extent for a minor part of the axial extent of the cylindrical portion 34 that is immediately adjacent the outer extremity of the cylindrical portion 34. Flattening the cylindrical portion 34 in such a manner insures the rate of change of the transverse dimensions of the passageway therethrough approaching zero adjacent the outer extremity of the cylindrical portion 34-. Inasmuch as the transverse dimensions of the cylindrical portion 34 are effectively reinforced at the juncture of cylindrical portion 34 with the wall 32, and since the forces applied to the cylindrical portion 34 during the flattening operation are applied primarily to the part of the cylindrical portion 34 immediately adjacent the outer extremity thereof, the substantially uniform wall thickness of the cylindrical portion 34 results in the smoothly varying distortion of the cylindrical portion 34 intermediate its ends possessed by the lip section 1 8 of the finished nozzle 10.

The aforementioned flattening operation may be accomplished by any of various known methods for deforming bodies, such as forging, or by simply placing that part of the outer extremity of the cylindrical portion 34 to be uniformly flattened within a vise and, with such vise, applying the necessary transverse forces. Depending upon the character of the material forming the cylindrical portion 34, the flattening operation may be facilitated by heating the same, the possible necessity for such heating or the desirability thereof being deemed well within the scope of the skill of the art.

In some instances, the cross section of the passageway 40 at the outer extremity thereof may tend towards having concaved sides during the flattening operation; in which event such deformation will be easily recognized and prevented by inserting a flat spacer within the outer extremity of the passageway 40 having a thickness equal to the desired ultimate breadth of the passageway 40.

It is preferred that the uniformly flattened extremity of the cylindrical portion 34 be of very short axial extent,

it only being necessary that the rate of change of the transverse dimensions of the passageway be equal to, or very closely approach zero immediately adjacent the discharge end thereof. Accordingly, after completion of the flattening operation, the axial extent of the uniformly flattened cylindrical portion 34 may be reduced, if desired, by sawing, grinding or otherwise removing a part or substantially all of the axial extent of the uniformly flattened part of the cylindrical portion 34.

For example, nozzles constructed in accordance with the principles of this invention in which the width of the cross section of the discharge end of the passageway has varied from 0.006 inch to 0.020 inch and the length from 0.075 inch to 0.300 inch and having a uniformly flattened axial extent of about Q of an inch have been found to be quite satisfactory. Of course, uniformly flattened axial extents defining the length of the passageway portion 25 can be substantially longer with otherwise larger nozzles, but preferably should not be as long as the progressively varying passageway portion 24.

Referring now to Figure 4, wherein there is shown a nozzle assembly designated generally at 42, such nozzle assembly 42 comprising an adaptor or feed conduit 44 having an externally threaded end portion 46. The nozzle abuts the outer extremity of the threaded portion 46 of the feed conduit 44 and is in axial alignment therewith; the nozzle 10 being secured in position by a gland nut or coupling member 48 threaded upon the threaded portion 46 of the feed conduit 34 and having an inturned flange 50 engaging the mounting rib 14. In the preferred construction, the internal surface of the outer extremity of the threaded portion 46 of the feed conduit 44 is tapered as at 52. The relation between the feed conduit 44, the coupling 48, and the nozzle 10 is such that the coupling 48 can be removed from the feed conduit 44 for convenient replacement of the nozzle 10 and, in addition, the coupling 48 can be unscrewed slightly from the position shown thereof in Figure 4 and the nozzle 10 then rotated about its longitudinal axis relative to the feed conduit 44 and the coupling 48 again tightened to fixedly secure the nozzle 10 in adjusted position.

The chief advantages of the instant invention reside in the economical manner in which the nozzle 10 may be manufactured, and especially in the unique configuration of the passageway portions 24 and 25 which are such that a liquid directed through the nozzle 10 will be emitted in a stream flat in cross section, and which stream will retain its transverse dimensions for a substantial distance from the nozzle. The stream velocity is accelerated during transit through the passageway portion 24, with the axial extent of the passageway portion 25 having the least hydraulic radius being extremely short, whereby high stream velocities may be realized in relation to the fluid pressure applied at the nozzle inlet.

The nozzle of the present invention is of particular value in directing a stream of cutting oil upon a cutting tool during machining operations, since the substantial non-flaring characteristics of the discharge stream permits considerable freedom in adjusting the nozzle towards and awayfrom the work.

The hereinbefore described angular adjustability of the nozzle 10 about its longitudinal axi with respect to its feed conduit 44, enables proper orientation of the plane of the fiat liquid stream emitted from the nozzle 10 without adversely affecting the seal between the nozzle 10 and the feed conduit 44.

The instant invention is subject to numerous variations without departing from the scope thereof, particularly :with respect to the transverse dimensions of the passageway portions 20 and 22. For example, either or both of the passageway portions 20 and 22 may be tapered to wards the passagewayportion 24.

The invention has been described in considerable detail for the purpose of conveying a full and complete understanding thereof and not for the purpose of limiting its scope. The scope of the invention is to be ascertained by reference to the appended claims.

I claim:

1. In a nozzle, a passageway having a longitudinally straight axis, said passageway including first and second portions and an intermediate portion disposed between and contiguous to said first and second portions, said first portion being of circular cross section, said second portion having an elongated cross section with substantially parallel sides and being of constant cross sectional. area and configuration throughout its length, said intermediate portion of the passageway having mutually perpendicular transverse dimensions thatprogressively change throughout the axial length of the intermediate portion, with the rate of each of said dimensional changes smoothly and continuously varying throughout the axial length of said intermediate portion of the passageway so that the progressive changes as well as the rates thereof equal zero at the opposite extremities. of said intermediate portion, said second portion of the passageway being of lesser cross sectional area than the first portion of the passageway and constituting the nozzle exit, said second portion of the passageway having an axial length that is a minor fraction of the axial length of the intermediate'portion.

2. The combination of claim 1, wherein the length of the transverse periphery of the intermediate portion of the passageway is substantially constant throughout the axial length of said intermediate portion of the passageway.

3. A nozzle assembly comprising a nozzle provided with a passageway therethrough having a longitudinally straight axis, said passageway including first and second portions and an intermediate portion disposed between and contiguous to said first and second portions, said first portion being of circular cross section, said second portion having an elongated cross section with substantially parallel sides and being of constant cross sectional area and configuration throughout its length, said intermediate portion of the passageway having mutually perpendicular transverse dimensions that progressively change throughout the axial length of the intermediate portion, with the rate of each of said dimensional changes smoothly and continuously varying throughout the axial length of said intermediate portion of the passageway so that the progressive changes as well as the rates thereof equal zero at the opposite extremities of said intermediate portion, said second portion of the passageway being of lesser cross sectional area than the first portion of the passageway and constituting the nozzle exit, said second portion of the passageway having an axial length that is a minor fraction of the axial length of the intermediate portion, said nozzle including intermediate its ends a radially extending annular mounting rib, an externally threaded feed conduit of greater external diameter than the mounting rib in longitudinal alignment with said nozzle, said feed conduit receiving the inlet end of the nozzle and abutting said rib, and means for securing the nozzle and the feed conduit in relative angular adjustment, said means including an internally threaded coupling member threaded on the feed conduit, said means also including an inwardly extending securing flange carried by the coupling member in engagement with the mounting rib.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 577,362 Ettlinger Feb. 16, 1897 735,287 Neuendorff Aug. 4, 1903 1,033,195 Robinson July 23, 1912 1,441,982 Heylman Jan. 9, 1923 1,710,903 Sullivan Apr. 30, 1929 2,026,743 Kurtz Jan. 7, 1936 2,069,733 Zinkil Feb. 2, 1937 2,115,442 Emery Apr. 26, 1938 2,116,863 Dinley May 10, 1938 2,166,300 Komar July 18, 1939 2,171,023 Buxton Aug. 29, 1939 2,564,818 Schwartz Aug. 21, 1951 2,629,632 Munson Feb. 24,1953 2,655,408 Williams Oct. 13, 1953 2,682,429 Fortino June 29, 1954 2,699,357 Roth Jan. 11, 1955

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