US2296168A - Art of hair dressing - Google Patents

Description

P 15, 1942-1 H'. L. LE PAGE ,168

ART OF HAIR DRESSING Filed Oct 19, l940 2 Sheet-Sheat l v ATTO NEY.

Sept, 15, 1942. H. 1.. LE PAGE ,158

w ARTOF HAIR DRESSING Filed Oct. 19, 1940 2 s eet -shet 2"- v V I fil/gilggmog ATTO NE Patented Sept. 15, 1942 UNITED STATESPATENT OFFICE ART OF HAIR DRESSING Hector L. Le Page, Milwaukee, Wis.

Application October 19, 1940, Serial No. 361,812 Claims. 4C1. 132-43) The present invention relates in general to improvements in the art of hair dressing, and relates more specifically to improvements in the construction and operation of apparatus for curling hair.

Many different kinds of appliances and devices have heretofor been proposed and used with varying degrees of success, for the purpose of producing various types of waves and curls in hair. Some of these prior devices are relatively ineffective because they do not properly engage and confine the strands of hair, while others cannot produce attractive curls of uniform texture having all of the hair of a strand properly positioned with respect to the others. Many of the prior hair curlers are also too complicated for proper manipulation by a novice, and some of these appliances are also painful to the user and injurious to the hair. It has been observed when producing either so-called pin curls which lie flat against the head, or roll curls extending along and approximately parallel to the scalp, that it is desirable to frictionally maintain the individual hair of a strand under slight tension while the strand is being wound around the curling axis and that if the strand is combed during the curling operation more uniform and regular final curls result. The individual hair of the strands should be retained out of contact with adjacent effective means for holding the curls after the curlers have been removed, and for drying the curls when clamped in the curlers.

It is therefore an object of my present invention to provide new and useful apparatus for producing pin curls, roll curls, or other types, ex-

to provide an improved curl producing assemblage which may be manipulated by a novice to effectively curl the hair without danger of injuring the same.

An additional specific object of this invention is to provide an improved device for quickly and effectively producing pin curls, and means for retaining the curls in place after the forming device has been removed, or the curls have been re- 10" moved from the former.

Still another additional object of my invention is to provide an improved applianc for rapidly and effectively producing roll curls which will lie M I flat against the head While the curl formed there- 15' on is drying, together with simple and effective means for expediting the drying operation.

A further additional object of the present invention is to provide improved hair curling units which are flexible in use, sturdy in structure, and

which can be manufactured and sold at moderate cost.

These and other specific objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the 7 following detailed description.

A clear conception of the mode of constructing and of utilizing hair curlers embodying the new features, may be had by referring to the drawings accompanying and forming a part of this specification wherein like reference characters peditiously and so that attractive final curls result.

Another specific object of the present invention is to provide an improved hair curling appliance wherein the hair may be properly wound into curl formation with minimum discomfort to the user of the device. A further specific object of my invention is to provide an improved curl producing device wherein the hair is effectively combed and ardesignate the same or similar parts in the various views.

Fig. l is a side view of one type of new pin curl producing device, showing the hair combing and frictional tensioning clamp open and about to be applied to a strand of hair;

Fig. 2 is a part sectional elevation of the pin curler of Fig. 1, showing the combing andtensioning clamp closed; 7

Fig. 3 is an end or bottom View of the assemblage with the parts positioned as in Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a side elevation of a modified type of pin curl producing device, showing a strand of hair coacting therewith preparatory to curling; Fig. 5 is an end or bottom view of the assemblage of Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is a side elevation or still another modified type of pin curl producing device wherein the hair strands are initially insertable with the aid of an ordinary comb applied as shown;

Fig. '7 is a similar view of the appliance of Fig.6, showing the comb removed and the strand of hair positioned preparatory to actual curling;

Fig. 8 is an end or bottom view of the assemblage of Fig. '7;

Fig. 9 is an enlarged side view of the curler spindle of any of the preceding views, but showing the spindle modified for reception of a curl retaining clip;

Fig. is a similarly enlarged part sectional View through the modified spindle of Fig. 9, showing the retaining clip in several positions;

Fig. 11 is a side view of one of my improved roll curl producing devices, showing the curl clamping yoke and the frictional retaining and combing bar, swung into inactive position;

Fig. 12 is a top View of the curler of Fig. 11, but showing the clamping yoke inactive while the retaining bar is cooperating with a strand of hair;

Fig. 13 is a side elevation of the assemblage positioned as in Fig. 12;

Fig. 14 is a side View of a modified type of my improved roll curl producer, showing both the clamping yoke and the retaining bar in inactive position;

Fig. 15 is a top view of the modified curler of Fig. 14, but showing" the clamping yoke inactive while the frictional clamping bar is active; "Fig; 16 is a side elevation of the modified assemblage positioned as in Fig. 15;'

Fig; 1'7 is a plan view of a roll curler such as shown in Figs; 11 to 13 inclusive, with all parts in activep'osition; and showing the mode of applying oneof my improved drying heaters to a cu'rl;'and

Fig. 18 is an end view of the assemblage of Fig? showing the approximate location of the drying heater.

' VZhile several specific embodiments of the invention have been shown and described by way of illustrationfit is not my desire or intent to unnecessarily restrict the scope 'or utility of the invention by virtue of this limited illustrative disclosure, and the precise steps of my improved mode of producing curls will be more fully described inconnection with the description of operation of the several types of curlers.

Referring specifically to Figs. 1 to 3 inclusive, the "improved pin producing curling device shown therein, comprises in general an approximately cylindrical core or' spindle 25 having a handle or positioning knob 2Trigid1y attached thereto by'meanscf a bearing rod 22; a winder or brack et 23 having an integral sleeve 24 rotatably journalled on the rod 22 between the spindle and the knob '21 and being provided with a generally rectangular frame 25 and a flange or lip 26 disp'o'se'd' on opposite sides of and parallel to'the spindle 2i}; and a frictional retaining and hair tensioning clamp bar 2'? pivotally suspended from one side member of the frame 25 and interlockable with the other side member 25, the bar being'provided with a series of serrations or hair combing teeth 29.

The spindle 2!] may be formed of wood or other suitablefinaterial which will have pleasing contact with the scalp, and the other elements of the assemblage may be formed of aluminum or other light but durable metal. The core or spindle may be positioned in contact with a scalp 30in the manner shown in Fig. Land a strand 3|"of hair may be initially positioned upon the frame 25 as illustrated. The bracket 23 and the parts carried'thereby may be freely rotated about the bearing rod 22, and when the clamping bar 21, is clamped in closed position as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, 'an'intervening group or strand 3! of hair will be frictionally clamped against the frame. When thus clamped, the strand Zlfmay however be pulled longitudinally and the individual hair will be combed and arranged parallel to each other by the teeth 29.

In Figs. 4 and 5, is shown a modified type of improved pin curler comprising in general an approximately cylindrical core or spindle 20 having a manipulating knob 2| rigidly attached thereto by means of a bearing rod 22; a bracket 33 having an integral sleeve 34 rotatably journalled upon the rod 22 between the spindle 2i) and the knob 2!, and being provided with a depending arm 35 and with a lip 36 disposed on the opposite sides of and parallel to the spindle 253; and a comb segment 37 secured to the lower extremity of the arm 35 by means of screws 38 or otherwise, and having teeth at extending upwardly and away from the spindle axis.

The spindle 25 and other elements with the exception of the comb segment 3i, may be formed as previously described, and the comb segments 31 may be formed of hard rubber or other material used in the construction of ordinary combs. This comb segment 3'! is adapted to initially engage a'strand 3| ofhair as shown in' Fig. 4, while the spindle'im engages the scalp 39, and when the hairs are forced into the tapered grooves between the teeth 39 of the comb, they will be frictionally restrained and will also be arranged parallel to each other as the strand is pulled through the segment 31.

In Figs. 6, '7 and 8 of the drawings, I have shown another modified type of improved pin curl' producer comprising ingeneral, a spindle 2i} having'a manipulating knob 2| rigidly attached thereto by means of a bearing rod 22; a bracket 43 having an integral sleeve 44 rotatably journalled on the rod 22 between the spindle 2E and the knob 2|, and being provided with a strand clamping plate 45 and with a lip 46 disposed on the opposite sides of and parallel to the spindle 29; a movable clamping pad 47 slidable along guides 43 carried by the plate 45; and one or more rubber bands 49 or other means for resilientlyurging the pad 41 toward the plate 45.,

serrations or teeth 52 as shown in Fig. 8. It is preferable in this modified assemblage, to form both the plate 45 and the pad 4'! slightly oppositely concave so as to provide a slight comb receiving space between them. An ordinary comb 53 is adapted to be inserted between the plate 45 and pad 4! as illustrated in Fig. 6, in order to gather up a strand 3| of hair and to insert the same between the plate and pad as shown in Fig.7, and the inserted strand will be Trictionally confined between the clamping elements by the:

rubber bands 49 and will be combed into regular order :by the teeth 50, 52 when thehair are withdrawn longitudinally.

Referring to Figs. 9 and 10, the modified curl core or spindle 40 shown therein may be applied to any of the devices shown in Figs. l to 8 inclusive, and this core 40 may likewise beformedof wood or the like, and is provided with a periph eralslot 4|.adapted to frictionally. retain a curl When a curl has been clamping clip .42 therein. formed around the spindle core 4!),the clip 42 The pad 4'! which is may be folded to clamping position as illustrated in dot-and-dashlines-in Fig.10, and may thereafter be snapped shut to confine the completed curl and to facilitate removal thereof from the spindle.

As previously indicated, my improved mode of.

curling comprises winding a frictionally confined strand of hair about an axis while maintaining each hair free from attachment to the adjacent hair and under slight longitudinal tension, and combing the strand directly preceding winding thereof into curl formation. This procedure may be carried on by hand or with any of the devices shown in Figs. 1 to inclusive, and all of these appliances are adapted to form so-called pin curls which may be finally clamped and retained in shape by the clips 42 until the curls have dried and set. When utilizing any of these .pin curl forming devices, each strand 3| of hair is initially properly positioned in the frictional retaining portion of the rotary bracket, with the root ends of the hair free from engagement with each other; and after the cylindrical curl forming spindle has been positioned perlpendicular to the scalp and is beingthus held, the hair engaging bracket may be revolved about the bearing bar 22 thereby causing the strand 3| to be wound in helical formation about the spindle core. As the winding of the strand about the spindle axis proceeds, the individual hair will be constantly maintained under tension, and will also be com-bed parallel to adjacent hair, and the wound strand will be engaged by the depending bracket lip and will retain required tension and be prevented from unwinding until otherwise secured by a hairpin or the like. The finally formed curls may be slipped axially from the spin- :dle end and held in place against the scalp 30 either with a hair pin or with a clip 42, and while the improved method is thus readily applicable when forming pin curls, it is also applicable when producing ordinary roll curls or other hair arrangements.

Referring specifically to Figs. 11 to 13 inclusive, the improved roll curler and clamp shown therein, comprises in general, an open generally rectangular metal frame 56 having opposite side bars 5| and a notch 52 in one end thereof a flat bar 53 pivotally suspended from a pin 54 formed integral with the opposite end of the frame 56 and having opposite side serrations or teeth 55 adapted to be brought into juxtaposition with the frame side bars 5|; and a resilient wire clamping yoke 56 pivotally suspended from one end of the frame 50 by means of a pivot .pin 51, and having its opposite end 58 formed to snap into the frame notch 52.

In Figs. 14, 15 and 16, I'have illustrated a modified type of roll curler comprising in general an approximately rectangular metal frame 60 having parallel opposite side bars 6| provided with serrations or teeth 62 along their inner sides, the frame 60 having a notch 63 in one end; a fiat bar 64 pivotally suspended from a pin 65 formed integral with the opposite end of the frame 60, and adapted to be positioned between the side bars 6|; and a resilient wire clamping yoke 66 pivotally suspended from the frame 60 by means roots of the hair.

of a pivot pin 61, and having its opposite end 68 element 69 adapted to be connected to an energizingline I0, has been inserted within the curled strand in order to facilitate drying thereof. There may be any desired number of these heating elements, 69 provided, and they may be detachably connectable to plugs at the ends of the lines 10; and the elements 69 may obviously bepermanentlyinstalled within the central bars 53, 64, if so, desired.

When utilizing any of the improved roll curlers to curl, hair, the parts may be initially positioned as shown in Figs. 11 and 14, whereupon strands 3| of hair may be positioned across the frames and the central bars may be snapped within the frames to moderately clamp the strands near the Each frame may thereafter be pulled along the initially clamped hair strand 3|,

thereby causing the teeth to comb the hair into parallel position. When the frame has been brought near the ends of the hair in the strand 3|, the strand may be wound snugly about the frame side bars and over the center bar while permitting the hair to slide to their extreme ends, whereupon the yoke may be snapped over the frame and over .the curl so as to prevent unwind ing. A heating element 69 may be subsequently applied to facilitate drying and setting of the curl, and in this manner regular and perfect successive curls may be produced.

From the foregoing detailed description it will be apparent that my present invention provides apparatus for quickly and effectively producing various types of curls having the individual hair thereof arranged in neat and regular order, and

I properly tensioned so as to cause the curls to maintain their shapes for a long time. The improved curlers obviously expedite formation of each individual curl, and facilitate production of the successive curls. The pin curlers are readily manipulable without unpleasantness and injury to the hair, and the use of the clamping clips avoids necessity of using hair pins and also speed the removal of the curls. The improved roll curlers are also manipulable by a novice without injury and discomfort and eliminate the formation of "fish-hooks at the ends of the hair, and these roll curlers also lie flat against the head and are not uncomfortable when th user lies down. The use of the improved heaters also hastens the drying operation and prolongs the life of the curls. All of the improved appliances have proven highly successful in actual use, and can obviously be produced at moderate cost.

It should be understood that it is not desired to limit this invention to the precise details of construction of the apparatus, herein shown and described, for various modifications within the scope of, the claims may occur to persons skilled in the art.

I claim:

1. In combination, a scalp engaging spindle directly abuttable against the scalp to retain the spindle fixed, a bracket having a lip revolvable about and in close proximity to said spindle to frictionally tension a strand of hair and to wind the strand around the spindle in a plane perpendicular to the spindle axis when said bracket is revolved, and means associated with said tensioning means for combing the hair of said strand during the winding operation.

2. In combination, a spindle adapted to directly engage and to be fixedly held relative to a scalp, and a frame revolvably supported by said spindle and being fixed against displacement along the spindle axis, said frame having a lip for winding a strand of hair rootedadjacentthe spindleiend: about the spindleiina planeapproximately perpendicular. to the spindle .axis and near thescalp abutting end thereof;

3; In combination,.a..spind1e adapted to directly engage and to be fixedly held relative to a scalp, a. frame revolvably supported: by said spindle and being fixed againstdisplacement along the spindle axis, said frame. having a lip for winding a strand of hair rooted adjacent the spindle end about the spindle insaplaneapproximately perpendicular to the spindle axis and near the scalp abutting end thereof, and means associated with said frame for combingthestrand during the winding operation.

4.: In combination, a spindle adapted todi-* rectly engage and to be fixedly held relative to a scalp, and a bracket member revolvably supported bysaid spindle and being held against .disp1acementalong the spindle axis, said member-having a lip co-operable with a strand of hair rooted adjacent to the spindle end tomaintain the strand inaplane approximately perpendicular to-the spindle axis while the strand is being wound into curl-formation byrotation of said member relative to said spindle.

5. In combination, a spindle adapted to directly engage and to be fixedly held relative to a scalp, a bracket member revolvably supported by said spindle and being held against displacement along the spindle axis, said member having a lip co-operable with a strand of hair rooted adjacent:- to the spindle end to maintain the strand in a plane approximately perpendicular to the spindle axis while the strand is being wound into curl formation by rotation of said member relative to said spindle, and means revolvable withsaid member for tensioning the strand during-the winding operation.

6. In combination, a spindle adapted to directly engage and to be fixedly held relative to a scalp;

a bracket member revolvably supported by said spindle and being held against displacement along the spindle axis,- said member having a lip cooperable with a strand of hair rooted adjacent tothe spindle end to maintain the strand'ina plane approximately perpendicular to thespindle axis while the strand is being wound into curl form*a tion by rotation of said member relativeto-said" spindle, and means associated with said member for combing th strand during the winding op-- eration.

'7. In combination, a spindle having one end directly abuttable against a scalp and having its opposite end provided with a handle for retaining the spindle in'fixed position, and-a bracket mem berrevolvably supported adjacent to saidhandle' and being held against displacement along-the spindle axis, said member having an elongated lip extending along and in close proximity to -the spindleupe'ripherytoward the scalp abutting end for maintaining a-strand of hair insnug coaction with:- the: spindle: and. in a. plane :approxi-' mately perpendicular to the spindle axis While the strand is being wound into curl formation by rotation of said member relative to saidspindle.

8..Inv combination, a spindle having one end directlyabuttable against a scalp and having its opposite. end provided witha handle for retaining. the spindle in fixed position, a bracket member revolvably supported adjacent .to said handle and being heldagainst: displacement alongthe spindle axis, said member having. an elongated lip extending along. and in close proximity to the is beingwoundinto. curl formation by rotation of said member relative to-said. spindle, andmeans carried by said member for tensioning and for combing the strandhduring the winding operation.

9. In combination, a spindle havingan approximately cylindrical portion one endof which is directly abuttable against a scalp and the opposite end of which is provided with a handle for retaining the spindle in position, and a bracket member revolvably supported between said cylindrical portion and said handle and being held against displacement along the spindle axis, said member having an elongated lip extending along and in close proximity to the periphery of said cylindrical spindle portion toward the'scalp abutting end for maintaining a strand of hair in snug coaction with saidspindle portion and in a plane approximately perpendicular to the spindle axis while the strand is being wound into curl formation by rotation of said member relative to said spindle.

10. In combination, aspindlehaving an approximately cylindrical portion one end of which is directly abuttable against a scalp and the opposite end of which is provided with a handle for retaining the spindle inposition, abracket member revolvably supported between said cylindrical portion and said handle and being held against displacement along the spindle axis, said member having an elongated lip extending along and in close proximity tothe periphery of said cylindrical spindle portion toward the scalp abutting end for maintaining a strand of hair in snug coaction with said spindle portion and in a plane approximately perpendicular to the spindle axis while the strand is beingwound into curl formation by rotation-of said member relative to said spindle, and means revolvable with said member for tensioning andfor combing the strand during the winding operation.

HECTOR. L. LE PAGE.

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