US2252457A - Relay apparatus - Google Patents

Relay apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US2252457A
US2252457A US345425A US34542540A US2252457A US 2252457 A US2252457 A US 2252457A US 345425 A US345425 A US 345425A US 34542540 A US34542540 A US 34542540A US 2252457 A US2252457 A US 2252457A
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amplifier
grid
relay
resistor
impulse
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US345425A
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William D Cockrell
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K5/00—Manipulating of pulses not covered by one of the other main groups of this subclass
    • H03K5/01—Shaping pulses
    • H03K5/04—Shaping pulses by increasing duration; by decreasing duration

Definitions

  • My invention relates to relay apparatus and particularly to relay apparatus of the type employing electron discharge amplifying means.
  • Such apparatus often is employed to control an electro-magnetic relay of some common, inexpensive form. It sometimes happens that where the apparatus is required to respond to impulses of very short duration the time constant of the electromagnetic relay employed is too great to enable the relay to respond to the impulses. If the impulses are not too short, a special form of high speed relay may be successfully used; however, the additional cost of such a relay is an important consideration in many cases and there is a limit to the shortness of the impulses to which even such relays will respond.
  • the transformer I whose primary may be energized from a 115 volt 60 cycle lighting circuit is shown feeding through the rectifiers 2 a Well known form of two stage direct current amplifier circuit having the positive side 3, the negative side 4 and the neutral or ground side 5.
  • the electron discharge amplifier 1 has its anode connected through the resistor 8 with the positive side 3 and its cathode connected through the resistor 9 with the ground lead 5.
  • a voltage divider comprising the two resistors l and the potentiometer ll connects between 3 and 4, the adjustable arm l2 of the potentiometer being connected with the ground side 5.
  • a negative bias is supplied to the control grid I3 of the amplifier 1 from the lower or negative end of the potentiometer through the resistor '14.
  • the impulse to be amplified is obtained from the photo-electric device l5 connected between the side 3 and the grid l3. As so arranged, as long as the photoelectric device is illuminated the negative bias is opposed and the amplifier 1 passes current.
  • the electron discharge amplifier [1 has its anode connected with the side 3 through the Winding of the electromagnetic relay [8, which may be of inexpensive construction and not particularly fast in operation.
  • the cathode of this amplifier connects with the cathode of the amplifier l, the two amplifiers thereby having the common cathode resistor 9 whereby I am able to obtain quicker closing and opening of the relay.
  • the screen grid 23 of the amplifier ll connects with the side 3 through the resistor 24 which may have a resistance of 5000 ohms.
  • the capacitor 25 Connected between the screen grid 23 and the ground side 5 is the capacitor 25, which may have a capacitance of 0.25 mid, and the resistor element 26, which may have a resistance of 0.5 meg., of the potentiometer 21.
  • the adjustable arm 28 of the potentiometer connects with the suppressor grid 29 of the amplifier 1.
  • the operation of the apparatus illustrated briefly is as follows: When the photo-electric device is illuminated the amplifier l carries current but the amplifier I! does not, at least does not carry sufficient current to operate the relay I8. Should a sudden reduction occur in the illumination lasting for only a short interval, shorter even than that normally required for the operation of the relay [8, the amplifier 'l by having its impedance increased ceases to conduct and the amplifier I! by having its impedance decreased by reason of its coupling therewith accordingly is made to conduct. This lowered impedance of I! results in an increase in the current passing to the screen grid 23 thereof through the resistor 24 and because of the potential drop through that resistor a reduced voltage is applied to the capacitor 25.
  • an extremely short impulse applied to the control grid of the first amplifier produced, for example by a correspondingly short interruption or decrease in light afiecting the photo-electric device by cumulative action causes a current impulse to be supplied to the relatively slow load device of ample length to insure the proper operation thereof.
  • An advantage of using the voltage obtained from the screen grid rather than from the anode of the second amplifier for efiecting the change in capacitor charge is that its load is pure resistance whereas the anode load is'largely inductive and as such is more influenced by ripples in the rectified direct current supply, etc.
  • By varying the position of the potentiometer arm 28 I may vary the length of the output impulse of amplifier ll made in response to a given short input impulse to amplifier '1.
  • Relay apparatus comprising a first electron discharge amplifier having a control grid and a suppressor grid, a second electron discharge amplifier connected in cascade with said first amplifier and having a screen grid, a resistance supply connection to said screen grid, a load device in the output circuit of said second amplifier, means by which an impulse may be applied to the control grid of said first amplifier of a length shorter than that required for the actuation of said load device, a resistance connection between the suppressor grid and the cathode of said first amplifier and a capacitor connection between said suppressor grid and said screen grid.
  • Relay apparatus comprising a first electron discharge amplifier having a control grid and a suppressor grid, a second electron discharge amplifier connected in cascade with said first amplifier and having a screen grid, a resistor in the supply connection to said screen grid, a load device in the output circuit of said second amplifier, means by which an impulse may be applied to the control grid of said first amplifier of a length shorter than that required for the actuation of said load device, variable resistance means between the suppressor grid and the cathode of said first amplifier and a capacitor connected between said suppressor grid and said screen grid.
  • Relay apparatus comprising a first electron discharge amplifier having a control grid and a suppressor grid, a second electron discharge amplifier having its control grid connected with the output circuit of said first amplifier and having a screen grid, a resistor in the supply connection of said screen grid, an electro-magnetic load device in the output circuit of said second amplifier, a photo-electric device for applying an impulse of short duration to the control grid of said first amplifier, a potentiometer having its arm connected with the suppressor grid of said first amplifier and one end connected with the cathode thereof and a capacitor connected between the other end of said potentiometer and the screen grid of the second amplifier.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)

Description

Aug. 12, 1941. w. D. COCKRELL 2,252,457
RELAY APPARATUS Filed July 13, 1940 Inventor": William DCockreH, b JV X9 His ttorney Patented Aug. 12, 1941 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE RELAY APPARATUS New York Application July 13, 1940, Serial No. 345,425
3 Ciaims.
My invention relates to relay apparatus and particularly to relay apparatus of the type employing electron discharge amplifying means. Such apparatus often is employed to control an electro-magnetic relay of some common, inexpensive form. It sometimes happens that where the apparatus is required to respond to impulses of very short duration the time constant of the electromagnetic relay employed is too great to enable the relay to respond to the impulses. If the impulses are not too short, a special form of high speed relay may be successfully used; however, the additional cost of such a relay is an important consideration in many cases and there is a limit to the shortness of the impulses to which even such relays will respond.
It is the object of my invention to provide improved relay apparatus from which one may operate an ordinary inexpensive form of electromagnetic relay or other responsive device which apparatus will cause the operation of the relay in response to impulses, no matter how short, received by the apparatus. In accord ance with my invention, I have devised a form of relay apparatus having improved means for so lengthening each received impulse that an ordinary, inexpensive relay or responsive device can be successfully used therewith.
My invention will be better understood from the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawing and its scope will be pointed out in the appended claims.
In the single figure of the drawing which is a circuit diagram of one embodiment of my invention, the transformer I whose primary may be energized from a 115 volt 60 cycle lighting circuit is shown feeding through the rectifiers 2 a Well known form of two stage direct current amplifier circuit having the positive side 3, the negative side 4 and the neutral or ground side 5. The electron discharge amplifier 1 has its anode connected through the resistor 8 with the positive side 3 and its cathode connected through the resistor 9 with the ground lead 5. A voltage divider comprising the two resistors l and the potentiometer ll connects between 3 and 4, the adjustable arm l2 of the potentiometer being connected with the ground side 5. A negative bias is supplied to the control grid I3 of the amplifier 1 from the lower or negative end of the potentiometer through the resistor '14. In the form of my invention which I have chosen to illustrate, the impulse to be amplified is obtained from the photo-electric device l5 connected between the side 3 and the grid l3. As so arranged, as long as the photoelectric device is illuminated the negative bias is opposed and the amplifier 1 passes current.
The electron discharge amplifier [1 has its anode connected with the side 3 through the Winding of the electromagnetic relay [8, which may be of inexpensive construction and not particularly fast in operation. The cathode of this amplifier connects with the cathode of the amplifier l, the two amplifiers thereby having the common cathode resistor 9 whereby I am able to obtain quicker closing and opening of the relay. I am able to operate the two amplifiers in cascade with the two cathodes at the same potential in as much as I use a voltage divider comprising the resistors l9 and 20 between the anode of l and the side 4 to which divider the control grid of IT connects through the resistor 2|.
The screen grid 23 of the amplifier ll connects with the side 3 through the resistor 24 which may have a resistance of 5000 ohms. Connected between the screen grid 23 and the ground side 5 is the capacitor 25, which may have a capacitance of 0.25 mid, and the resistor element 26, which may have a resistance of 0.5 meg., of the potentiometer 21. The adjustable arm 28 of the potentiometer connects with the suppressor grid 29 of the amplifier 1. Thus it will be seen that I have provided a feed back circuit from the screen grid of the second amplifier to the suppressor grid of the first amplifier.
The operation of the apparatus illustrated briefly is as follows: When the photo-electric device is illuminated the amplifier l carries current but the amplifier I! does not, at least does not carry sufficient current to operate the relay I8. Should a sudden reduction occur in the illumination lasting for only a short interval, shorter even than that normally required for the operation of the relay [8, the amplifier 'l by having its impedance increased ceases to conduct and the amplifier I! by having its impedance decreased by reason of its coupling therewith accordingly is made to conduct. This lowered impedance of I! results in an increase in the current passing to the screen grid 23 thereof through the resistor 24 and because of the potential drop through that resistor a reduced voltage is applied to the capacitor 25. The freed negative charge on that plate of the capacitor which connects with the suppressor grid 29 swings that grid sufiiciently negative to produce a high impedance condition in the amplifier 'l regardless of the control grid l3 which now has lost control. This condition of high impedance of 'I and accordingly low impedance of 11 continues until the former higher charge on the capacitor has had time to reduce by discharging through the potentiometer 26 and amplifier H to the new lower value. The length of this time may be very materially longer than the length of the impulse of reduced light and is suificient to permit the operation of the relay 18. When the charge on the capacitor in reducing finally reaches a fixed or nearly fixed value the suppressor grid 29 returns substantially to cathode voltage whereupon the grid l3 regains control restoring the amplifier to its original low impedance or conducting condition. Amplifier ll consequently is returned to its original high impedance condition and the relay I8 is deenergized.
It will thus be seen that an extremely short impulse applied to the control grid of the first amplifier produced, for example by a correspondingly short interruption or decrease in light afiecting the photo-electric device by cumulative action causes a current impulse to be supplied to the relatively slow load device of ample length to insure the proper operation thereof. An advantage of using the voltage obtained from the screen grid rather than from the anode of the second amplifier for efiecting the change in capacitor charge is that its load is pure resistance whereas the anode load is'largely inductive and as such is more influenced by ripples in the rectified direct current supply, etc. By varying the position of the potentiometer arm 28 I may vary the length of the output impulse of amplifier ll made in response to a given short input impulse to amplifier '1.
While I have shown and described the photo electric device as connected in a manner to operate the relay (8 in response to a brief light decrease it will be obvious to one skilled in the art that it may be rearranged if so desired to operate the relay in response to a brief light increase instead.
What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:
1. Relay apparatus comprising a first electron discharge amplifier having a control grid and a suppressor grid, a second electron discharge amplifier connected in cascade with said first amplifier and having a screen grid, a resistance supply connection to said screen grid, a load device in the output circuit of said second amplifier, means by which an impulse may be applied to the control grid of said first amplifier of a length shorter than that required for the actuation of said load device, a resistance connection between the suppressor grid and the cathode of said first amplifier and a capacitor connection between said suppressor grid and said screen grid.
2. Relay apparatus comprising a first electron discharge amplifier having a control grid and a suppressor grid, a second electron discharge amplifier connected in cascade with said first amplifier and having a screen grid, a resistor in the supply connection to said screen grid, a load device in the output circuit of said second amplifier, means by which an impulse may be applied to the control grid of said first amplifier of a length shorter than that required for the actuation of said load device, variable resistance means between the suppressor grid and the cathode of said first amplifier and a capacitor connected between said suppressor grid and said screen grid.
3. Relay apparatus comprising a first electron discharge amplifier having a control grid and a suppressor grid, a second electron discharge amplifier having its control grid connected with the output circuit of said first amplifier and having a screen grid, a resistor in the supply connection of said screen grid, an electro-magnetic load device in the output circuit of said second amplifier, a photo-electric device for applying an impulse of short duration to the control grid of said first amplifier, a potentiometer having its arm connected with the suppressor grid of said first amplifier and one end connected with the cathode thereof and a capacitor connected between the other end of said potentiometer and the screen grid of the second amplifier.
W'ILLIAM D. COCKRELL.
US345425A 1940-07-13 1940-07-13 Relay apparatus Expired - Lifetime US2252457A (en)

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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2447799A (en) * 1945-04-05 1948-08-24 Ibm Sequential electronic commutator with supplementary grid control
US2466751A (en) * 1946-11-01 1949-04-12 Photoswitch Inc Photoelectric relay
US2470926A (en) * 1946-02-27 1949-05-24 Werner A Gieseke Electronic counter
US2499921A (en) * 1947-01-04 1950-03-07 Wilmina L Hurley Amplifying circuit
US2500347A (en) * 1946-06-07 1950-03-14 Colonial Radio Corp Relay control circuits for signalseeking receivers
US2503662A (en) * 1944-11-17 1950-04-11 Flowers Thomas Harold Electronic valve apparatus suitable for use in counting electrical impulses
US2514036A (en) * 1941-05-23 1950-07-04 Ibm Selective number electronic pulse producer
US2521726A (en) * 1943-08-19 1950-09-12 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Electrical circuits for the generation of pulses or oscillations
US2549875A (en) * 1944-08-22 1951-04-24 Williams Frederic Calland Thermionic valve circuits
US2845534A (en) * 1945-05-15 1958-07-29 Conrad H Hoeppner Secondary emission trigger circuit
US2926264A (en) * 1956-09-10 1960-02-23 Gen Electric Light sensitive system
US2947873A (en) * 1955-09-23 1960-08-02 Toledo Scale Corp Amplifier for safe-ray
US3021488A (en) * 1944-12-29 1962-02-13 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Monostable multivibrator responsive to positive and negative trigger pulses from single source

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2514036A (en) * 1941-05-23 1950-07-04 Ibm Selective number electronic pulse producer
US2521726A (en) * 1943-08-19 1950-09-12 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Electrical circuits for the generation of pulses or oscillations
US2549875A (en) * 1944-08-22 1951-04-24 Williams Frederic Calland Thermionic valve circuits
US2503662A (en) * 1944-11-17 1950-04-11 Flowers Thomas Harold Electronic valve apparatus suitable for use in counting electrical impulses
US3021488A (en) * 1944-12-29 1962-02-13 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Monostable multivibrator responsive to positive and negative trigger pulses from single source
US2447799A (en) * 1945-04-05 1948-08-24 Ibm Sequential electronic commutator with supplementary grid control
US2845534A (en) * 1945-05-15 1958-07-29 Conrad H Hoeppner Secondary emission trigger circuit
US2470926A (en) * 1946-02-27 1949-05-24 Werner A Gieseke Electronic counter
US2500347A (en) * 1946-06-07 1950-03-14 Colonial Radio Corp Relay control circuits for signalseeking receivers
US2466751A (en) * 1946-11-01 1949-04-12 Photoswitch Inc Photoelectric relay
US2499921A (en) * 1947-01-04 1950-03-07 Wilmina L Hurley Amplifying circuit
US2947873A (en) * 1955-09-23 1960-08-02 Toledo Scale Corp Amplifier for safe-ray
US2926264A (en) * 1956-09-10 1960-02-23 Gen Electric Light sensitive system

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