US2156075A - Kitchen waste unit - Google Patents

Description

April 25, 1939. A. ALExAY 2,156,075

KITCHEN' WASTE UNIT Filed March 27, 1936 5 Shets-Sheet l v lfm@ l .Inventor: Adalbert Alexay,

ttorn ey April 25, 1939. A, ALEXAY KITCHEN WASTE UNIT Filed March 27, 1936 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Inventor Adalbert Albexay,

April 25, 1939. A. ALEXAYl 2,156,075

KITCHEN WASTE UNIT Filed March 27, 1935 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 A Inventor: Adal bevi: Alexay,

b )va/Z619- y His ttorney.

April 25, 1939- A. ALEXAY 2,156,075

KITCHEN WASTE UNIT Filed March 27, 1956 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 z/ 2 zu P QZZ 27 l i; Fg

i z5 n' 2&9

15 ,241- 55 g1 2M y A Sv S J |||||m||||||umuy I ITVeTbOT" 1 Hummm@ 27.9 Adalbert Alexag i Jun: M ha WMM His Attorneg.

, April 25, 1939. A, ALEXAY 1 2,156,075

KITCHENA WASTE UNIT Filed March 27, 1956 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 gg@ w i l 11 lsf? Inventor z Adalbert Alexag 1 bL-J His ttovneg.

Patented Apr. 25, 1939 2,156,015 K KITCHEN WASTE UNIT Adalbert Alexay, Schenectady, N. Y., assignor to General Electric -Company, a corporation of New York Application March 27, 1936, Serial No. 71,156

54 Claims. (Cl. 14S-192) The present invention relates to apparatus for disposing of waste material and particularly to a unitary device suitable for household use for comminuting, by grinding, crushing or cutting,

kitchen waste material or garbage in the form of vegetables, meat, bones and the like, and for ushing the comminuted material into a sewer system or the like by the aid of water .conducted into the device. l0 'I'his application is a continuation in part of my copending application, Serial No. 730,219, filed June 12, 1934, which` is assigned to the assignee of the present invention, and, similarly to the invention of the original application, the present'invention has for'an important objective the provision of improvements in the construction and arrangement of apparatus for disposing of garbage and like material to the end that the apparatus may be extremely simple to operate and safe, efficient and 2o dependable in operation, and that it may be manufactured at comparatively low cost.

For an understanding of other objects of the invention and of that which I believe to he novel and my invention, attention is directed to the following detailed description and the claims appended thereto taken in connection With the accompanying drawings.

In the drawings, Fig. 1 is a iront elevation, partly in section, of a grinding apparatus embodying my invention; Fig, 2 is a side elevation partly in section along lines 2--2 of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a sectional view along line 3-3 of Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is a sectional view along line 4-4 of Fig. 2; Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a valve element shown in Fig. 2; Fig. 6 is a perspective view of a rotary cutter element shown in Fig. 1; Fig. 7 is an exploded view of certain parts shown in- Fig. 6; Fig. 8 isa bottom view, partly broken away, of the cutter shown in Fig. 7; Fig. 9 is a section along line 9-9 of Fig. 8; Figs. 10,11, 12 and 13 illustrate different operating positions of the valve element shown in Fig. 5; Fig v14 is a top view, partly in section, of a switch mechanism shown in Fig. 1; Fig. 15 illustrates diagrammatically` the electric circuit of the apparatus and the switch mechanism for opening and closing the circuit; Fig. 16 is a perspective view of a receptacle shown in Figs. 1 and 2; Fig. 17 illustrates a modified form and arrangement of the rotary and stationary cutting means shown in Figs. 1, 6 and 7; Fig..18 shows certain details of a part of the cutting Ameans illustrated in Fig. 17; Fig. 19 illustrates the manner of operating other apparatus in combination with the machine shown in Figs. 1 to 16, Fig. 20 is an enlarged'view of a part voi the mechanism illustrated in Fig. 3; Fig. 21 is an enlarged view of another part of the mechanism shown in Fig. 1; Fig. 22 is a front elevation of a modified `form of apparatus embodying my present invention; Fig. 23 is a side sectional elevation taken 5 along the lines 23--23 of Fig- 22, Fig. 24 is a side elevation of the apparatus illustrated in Figs. 22 and 23; Fig. 25 shows more in detail the motor mounting illustrated in Fig. 23; Fig. 26 shows in detail a. modified form of bearing for the rotary 10 cutting means; Fig. 27 illustrate certain details of the control for the modified apparatus of Figs. 22-24 and also illustrates in part a modified form of receptacle closure device; Fig. 28 is a sectional view taken along the line-28-28 of Fig. 27; Figs. 15 29 and 30 are sectional views taken along the lines 29-29 and 30-30 respectively of Fig. 22 to show the details of the arrangement and control of the stationaryv cutting means; Fig. 31 is an enlarged sectional view of part of the mechanism shown in 20 Fig. 29, Fig. 32 is a perspective view of an exploded arrangement of the parts of the modied form of stationary cutting means incorporated in the apparatus of Figs. 22-24, and Fig. 33 is a section along the line 33-33 of Fig. 23. Wherein pos- 25 sible in the several iigures like parts are designated by the same reference characters.

In general it may be said that the parts of my improved apparatus fall into four main divisions: adapter means for mounting the apparatus be- 30 neath a kitchen sink or the like, a main casing for receiving material to be ground and forming a grinding chamber having therein elements for; properly grinding such material and discharging the ground material into a sewer system or the 35 like, a prime mover such as an electric motor for operating the grinding mechanism, and mechanism for controlling the operation of the apparatus.

As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the apparatus therein 40 illustrated is adapted to be connected to a kitchen sink 20 by means of an adapter ring 2l and a ring nut 22 screwed to the adapter ring. Provided between the adapter and the sink 20 is a packing 23 and betWeenthe sink and the ring nut 22 is 45 another packing 24, the latter being held in position by means of set screws 25. The apparatus has a casing 26 provided with an upper ange 21 fastened to the ring nut 22 by bolts 28. With this arrangement the machine is fastened securely 50 beneath the sink and the transmission of noiseA and vibration to the sink structure is considerably minimized by the provision of the packings 23 and 24. The adapter ring 2| forms also the inlet opening of the grinding apparatus through which 55 material to be ground may be fed directly into the grinding chamber of the apparatus. This opening may be closed by a cover 28a suitably locked in position when the apparatus is out of operation.

An upper portion 26 of the casing 26 has cylindrically shaped side walls (see Fig. 1) to accommodate a closure device for the casing opening, which device is in the form of a rotatf able receptacle 29 which in one position is adapted to receive material to be ground and which when turned into another position is adapted to empty such material into the lower portion of the casing 26 ldefining the grinding chamber. .The receptacle (Fig. 16) is somewhat half-moon in `shape with two end walls in the form of disks 30 and 3| provided with trunnions or stub shafts 32 and- 33 which are supported in flanged openings in the upper walls of the casing 26. The receptacle has a cylindrically shaped bottom wall 34a and a central web 34 which is united with the side walls 30 and 3| and with the bottom wall. This arrangement provides for the rotatable mounting'of the receptacle in such manner that the cylindrically shaped bottom wall 34a is in concentric relation with the adjacent curved side walls of the upper portion 26 ofthe casing 26. Web 34 is provided at opposite ends with openings 35 and 36 communicating lwith openings 31 and 38 in the end walls 30 and 3| respectively (see Figs. 2 and 16).

As will be seen readily from Fig. 16 of the drawings, the bottom wall 34a of the receptacle 29 is connected to peripheral portions of the disks 30 and 3|. 'Ihe opposite edges of the bottom Wall are curved as shown at 35D and 35o so that the circumferential length of the intermediate portion of the bottom wall is less than the circumferential length of the outer portions of the bottom wall connected to the disks. 'I'he circumferential length of the bottom wall midway between the disks 30 and 3| should be about 180 annular degrees or less, and in Figs. 1, 2 and 19, in which a preferred embodiment of the receptacle is illustrated partially in cross section, the intermediate Acircumferential length is shown as being considerably less than This construction is provided to permit an operator to reach into the interior of the grinding chamber to remove nongrindable material when the receptacle is turned to an intermediate position as will be described fully hereinafter.

The trunnion 33 serves also for conducting water to the interior of the receptacle 29. To this end it is provided withan axial opening 39 communicating with the interior of the receptacle through a bore or bores 40 in the side wall 3| of the receptacle. In the present instance I have provided two bores 49 in the side wall 3| of the receptacle, one bore on each side of the rib 34. The ends of the two bores 40 are indicated in Fig. 1. Water is conducted totheopening 39 y from a conduit 4| (Fig. 10) through a tapered water valve 42. The latter, as shown in Fig. 5, has lugs 43 projecting into recesses 44 and 45 (Fig. 16) respectively of the trunnion 33. The water valve 42 has a valve casing 46 which is fastened to the casing 26. The valve is held in engagement with the inner surface of the casing 46 by a spring 41 disposed in a central recess of the valve 42 and engaging the trunnion. The valve casing 46 is also connected to a'. pipe 48 for conducting water to another part of the device, as will be described hereinafter.

trated in Figs. 10 to 13 inclusive.

The different operating positions of the water valve 42 are illus- Fig. 10 represents the on position of the valve, that is, the position in which water lis supplied through conduit 48 to a lower part of the machine, as well as through a central passage 49 of the valve and the bores 40 to the receptacle. The valve is in on" position during grinding operation of the machine (Fig. 2).

Fig. 11 represents a neutral position of the valve in which the water supply is shut off. The valve is turned intothis position when the receptacle 29 is rotated into the position illustrated in Fig. 19 to permit the manual removal of objects from the interior of the machine or the operation of other apparatus as will be set forth more fully hereinafter.

Fig. 12 represents the flush position in which water is supplied through conduit 48 to the lower part of the device, the supply through bores 40 to the receptacles being shut off in this position. The valve is turned into this position when the apparatus has to be cleaned by flushing water therethrough.

Fig. 13 mshows the valve in the olf position into which it is turned to stop the supply of water to all parts of the apparatus when the machine is rendered totally inoperative.

Turning of water valve 42 is effected through the connection of the lugs 43 thereof to the trunnion 33 so that the valve turns with the trunnion and receptacle 29. The latter is rotatable by a crank or handle 50 fastened to the trunnion 3'2 of the receptacle by a set screw 50a (Fig. 2). A

' tially deeper than the other three notches so as to provide a decreased cam radius at this point for reasons hereinafter set forth. A bell crank lever 51, pivotally mounted on a fulcrum 58, has one arm provided with a roller 59 engaging the cam surface 52 and another -arm connected by a pin 60 to a link 6|. The roller 5 9 of the bell crank lever is held in engagement with the cam surface 52 by a spring 62 which acts to bias the link 6| upwardly to its elevated position shown in Fig. 1. The handle 50 ,has a pointer 63 indicating on a front .cover plate 64 of the machine the different positions of the receptacle and the water valve 42.

When the pointer 63 off on the dial of cover the bell crank leve'r 51 is arranged to engage notch,53, and upon turning of the handle in a counterclockwise direction from this position the plate 64, roller 59 of `roller engages successivelyl the notches 54, 55 and of its corresponding positions when it is turnedof handle 50 indicates.

into such positions by an operator. Deep notch 70 56 has also a further 'function which will be described hereinafter. Also, a switch 65 having a casing'66, more fully described hereinafter, is fastened to the outer Wall of the upper position of casing 26 for operation in accordance with 75 recess in the side Wall of the casing. The rotary l cutter 1| has a drive shaft 13 centrally arranged in the conically shaped portion of the casing and connected by a flexible coupling 14 to a prime mover, in the present instance shown as an electric -motor 15. The rotary cutter 1| is supported on a bottom plate 15 which is secured to flanges of the lower casing portion 10 by bolts 16a. The-motor'15 in the present instance has a casing provided with an extension 11 tting into an annular recessed flange 18 of the bottom plate 16. The motor 15 is supported ona side wall or a floor by means of an adapter 19 (Fig. 2). 'I'he bottom plate 16 is integrally formed with a drain or discharge conduit having a trap with an outlet 8| connected to any suitable discharge point such as a sewer line.

Referring now more specifically to the cutting elements, the rotary cutter 1| fastened to the shaft 13 comprises a rotatable, conically shaped, lower disk 82 provided with a central axial projection or hub 83 supported on the shaft 13. The upper end of the shaft 13 is connected to the hub 83 by a pin 84 (Figs. 1 and '1). To reduce vibration of the rotary cutter during operation, a special bearing is provided for supporting the lower disk 82 and the shaft 13. This bearing comprises a conical member 85 provided with a lower cylindrical portion 86 secured by a press fit in a flanged portion 81 of the bottom plate 1B and a sleeve-like upper extension 88. .The central bore of the member 85 defines a; bearing surface of considerable length .for the shaft 13. Lubricant -is supplied to this bearing surface from a radial channel 89 in the bottom plate 16 to an axial recess 90 in the bearingsurface! The outer surface of the conical portion and the sleeve extension engages a corresponding. surface of the disk 82, thus forming a bearing for this disk, lubricant vbeing supplied to 'this outer bearing surface of the member 85 'from the inner bearing surface thereof. As explained above, 1ubricant flows into the recess 90 in the inner bearing surface, whence it flows upwardly around the upper end face 9|a of the sleeve extension 88 into a groove-9| in the outer bearing surface of the member 85. To permit the flow of a sufficient amount of lubricant from the inner bearing surface of bearing member 85 around its upper end face 9|a to its outer bearing surface, said outer end face 9|a is somewhat spaced from an adjacent shoulder defined in thebore of the hub 83.

The supporting disk 82 of the rotary cutter has a second disk 92 mounted on the upper surface thereof, this second disk having indentations 92a (see Fig. 7) on its upper surface and being secured to the disk 82 by means of pins 93. In the upper disk 92 are two slots 94 which extend in parallel communication with two recesses 95 (see Fig. 8) in the disk 82. Two bars or cutting elements 98 are disposed each with its lower edge slidable in one ofthe slots 94 to provide for movement of the bars longitudinally inward and outward with respect to the disk 92. A grinding or crushing head 91 is provided at the outer end of each of the bars. Extending downwardly from sitions.

the lower edge of each of the bars is a. projection. 98 adjacent to which is provided a recess 99. The projection 98 of each bar extends into the corresponding recess 95 in the lower disk and is yieldingly engaged by one end of a compression spring |00 disposed in the recess 95. The other end of the compression spring bears against a pin |0| which is inserted transversely into the recess through an opening |0|a. In order to insure equal movement of the bars so that they at all times assume vcorresponding positions, there is provided an equalizer or keeper |02 in the form of a ring rotatably mounted on the hub 83 of the lower disk and having two ears |03 engaging respectively the recesses 99 in the lower edges of the bars 96. Upon rotation of the disk 82, the action of centrifugal force tends to cause the bars 96 with the grinding or crushing heads 91 carried thereby to ily outwardly so that the outer cutting edges of the bars extend beyond the periphery of the disk 92.' Spring |00 exerts an inwardly directed biasing force on the bars which is in opposition to the centrifugal force-but the springs'are so adjusted that they are capable of holding the bars in their withdrawn position only when the speed of the supporting disk 92 drops below a value which is suitable for proper operation of the rotary cutter. When the speed of rotation of the disk is at or above the proper operating value, the biasing action of the springs is overcome so that the bars and crushing heads Hence during rotation of the supporting disk,4

the bars and crushing heads throw material to be ground outwardly against the walls of the grinding chamber and against the stationary `cutter 12 when the latter is in its operative position as described moreyfully hereinafter. Under these conditions the heads 91 serve to crush large objects against the walls of the casing and against the stationary cutter while the outer cutting edges of the bars actin cooperation with the stationary cutter to cut and shred material to a nely divided form. An ,important advantage .is derived due to the manner of mounting the bars as ust described in that if during operation of the apparatus, the garbage or like material to be ground offers such high resistance to the bars and crushing heads that their rotation is impeded, the speed 0f the driving motor does not drop permanently but only for a relatively short period of time during which the action of the biasing springs |00 predominates to move the bars inward. This inward movement of the bars permits the motor to speed up again and assume its proper operating speed so that the bars and crushing heads fly outwardly again under the influence of centrifugal force and assumex their proper extended grinding and crushing po- Thus it will be-seen that the manner of mounting the bars results in an automatic positioning thereof in accordance with the resisance met with during the grinding operation.

It is to be noted also, as shown best in Figs. 6, '7,

8, 17, andl, that the lines of movement of bars 95 are parallel radial lines from the center of rotation of members 82 and 92, but that such lines of movement of the bars are displaced backwardly, relative to the indicated direction of rotation, from such radial lines with which the said lines of movement .respectively are parallel.

'I'his has the important advantage that, in case a solid object such as a bone, lodges between the end of one of the bars and the stationary cutter, the principal vector of force on the bar will be along the longitudinal axis of the bar, which axis slants backwardly at an acute angle relative to a radius extending from the center of rotation. Thus the force will tend to move the bar inwardly to relieve the congestion and prevent jamming of'the rotating elements rather than angularly twistingthe bar in a manner to cause binding of the bar against the walls of its supporting slots. l'

A propeller |04 is fastened to upper vdisk 92 of Athe rotary cutter by means of set screws |05.

Correct positioning of the propeller |04 is insured by the center pins 93 projecting into center holes |06 of the propeller. The latter, as best indicated in Fig. 6 has a wing |01 on 'each side for throwing the material to be ground in outward direction. The wings|`| have recesses |08 for receiving and .guiding the upperedges of the slidable bars 96.

The lower side of the lower disk 82 has curved recesses |09 communicating with the inner ends of the recesses 9,5 through passages IIO (Figs. 8 and 9). With this arrangement a continuous flow'of air and water through the curved recesses I 09 and the recesses 95 takes place due to centrifugal pump action of said recesses, eliminating clogging of the latter and thereby insuring uniform action of both compression springs |00.

The stationary cutter 12 is arranged in a lateral recess in the s ide wall of the lower casing portion I0 covered by a plate III. The cutter comprises a toothed cutting member or knife I|2 secured to a holder` II3 by means of set screws II4. The member II2 has a cutting edge or face which is maintained in parallel relation with a generatrix of the conical surface of the lower casing portion '|0. The holder I I3 is arranged to be positioned by two shafts, an upper shaft ||5 projecting through a recessed portion ||5 .of the holderand a lower shaft ||'I, (Fig. 3). A

flat spring I|8 secured to `the cover |'II by a screw I I 9 biases the holder I3 towards the shafts I I5 and II'I. The arrangement is such that the holder with the cutter may be moved in and out to cause the cutting edge to project into the cutting chamber during the cutting operation and to be-withdrawn from the cutting chamber during otherA oper-ations. This is accomplishedby the provision of cam members on the shafts II5 and II'I. In the present instance these cam members are defined by cut-away portions on the'shafts I|5 and I'he shaft I|5 has an intermediate cut-away portion |20 and the 'shaft has a cut-away end portion I2I, which portions dene in substance eccentrics or cams. In Figs. 1, 3 and 4 the cuttingedge of the cutter I|2 is shown in a position in which it projects into the cutting chamber. In this case the cutaway portion I 20 of the shaft II5 and the cutaway end portion |2I of shaft II'I engage the cutter holder H3, permitting the cutter to assume a position in which the stationary cutting member projects into the cutting chamber. Turning of the shafts II5 and II'I causes the vholder II 3 to be moved radially outward against the biasing force of the spring yI I8.

The end portions of shafts I|5 and II'I are secured to short levers |22 and |23 respectively winch' are connected by link |24. By this arrangement both shafts I|5 and ||`I are constrained to move simultaneously. The lever |22 is connected to crank arm 51 by means of link 6I (Fig. 2), whereby positioning of the stationary cutter I2 is effected in accordance with the positioning of the rotatable receptacle 29 by turning of the handle 50.

As shown in Fig. l, engagement of roller 59 with deep notch 56 of the control cam on the crank 50 permits the right-hand arm of bell crank 51 along with links 6| and |24 and levers |22 and |23 to assume their uppermost positions. Shafts ||5 and are turned thereby so that their fiat faces |20 and I2I, respectively, are brought into contact with the face of holder |I3 permitting the cutting member II2 to be projected into the cutting chamber to its most advanced position. Turning of the handle 50 in a clockwise direction out of the on position illustrated causes the roller 59 to be moved outwardly by the camsurface 52, whereby the shafts II5 and are turned and force the holder II3, together with the cutting member 2, outwardly to retract the cutting edge of the cutting member from the grinding chamber. Subsequent engagement of roller 59 with notches 55, 54 and 53 produces insufficient movement of the linkage mechanism to cause the cutter to be projected into the grinding chamber since, as previously pointed out, these three notches are made sha1- lower than notch 56 and serve only for restraining the receptacle in the corresponding three positions. Hence the cutter is maintained in a retracted position, withdrawn from the grinding chamber, when the receptacle is in any position except the on position wherein the roller engages the deep depression 56.

'Ihe movability of the stationary cutter I|2 necessitates slight clearances between it and the adjacent rim of the recess'in'the casing 10. In particular, it necessitates a clearance |29a (Figs, 3 and 20) between the rim portion I29b of the recess and the leading surface or wall |290 of the cutter. The teeth of the cutter are arranged so that little or no material comminuted by the teeth is directed or forced into the clearance |29a, and hence clogging of this clearance is prevented and interference with the adjustability of the cutter is avoided. This is accomplished in the embodiment illustrated, in which the cutter is provided with two vertically extending rows of teeth |29d and I29e in parallel relation with the edge of the wall I29c, by arranging the rows of teeth so that the cutting edge |29) of the front row of teeth I29d is set back, that is, circumferentially spaced from the surface of the leading wall |29c of the cutter in the direction of rotation of the rotary cutter 1| as designated by arrow |29g in Figs. 3, 4, and 20. During operation of the rotary cutter, the material to be ground is rotated in the direction designated by the arrow and thrown against the cutting edge |29f of the teeth I29d. The comminuted material then is forced to pass downwardly along the portion I29b of the cutter since the bottom of the cutter is displaced outwardly due to its being disposed parallel to a generatrix of the concally shaped casing 'I0 as previously pointed out. This portion I29b. may be termed an overhung portion or ledge with regard to the teeth. With this arrangement the amount of comminuted material entering the clearance I29a between the cutter and the rim portion I29b of the casing 'I0 is considerably reduced. Clogging of the clearance is further prespite of these provisions, slip through the clearance |29a, pass into the downwardly extending groove |291 formed in the cutter supporting member I3 from whence it is flushed, in a manner to be pointed out, down into the drain 80 without being permitted to come in contact with and clog the cam members and ||1.

The stationary cutting member H2 has a. lower,

toothless inner edge portion ||2' adjacent the conical surface of the rotary cutter disk 82, which conical surface cooperates with the outer wall of the lower-portion of the casing 26 to form an annular recess |29. The toothless downward extension I|2' of the cutting member ||2 projects into this recess (Fig. 1 During operation of the rotary cutter, material contained in the recess |29 and contacting the rotary disk is carried along with the disk until it comes into engagement with the projection ||2 and is directed downwardly thereby into the inlet of trap 80.

Disk 92, due to the manner in which it is mounted, performs an additional advantageous function which is that of a strainer for controlling the size of comminuted material which may pass from the grinding chamber into the recess |29. As will be seen from Fig. 1, and more clearly from the enlarged view of Fig. 21, the lower rim of the inner wall of the casing 10 extends below the level, indicated by broken line 9:, of the top surface of disk 92 but not down to the level, in-

dicated by broken' line y, of the bottom surface of the disk 92. The clearance, indicated at ci, between the rim of the casing and the outer edge ci the disk A92 and the clearance, indicated at c2, bttween the rim of the casing and the bottoms of the depressions 92a determine the size of the comminuted material which may pass into recess |29, and hence these clearances are so adjusted that disk 92 acts as a strainer to limit the sizeof the material passing into the recess and thence to drain 80 to a size which it is determined can be satisfactorily handled by the sewer system ,to which the grinding apparatus of the present invention is to be Connected.

When the handle 50 is turned to the on position, water is supplied through the water valve 42 (see Fig. 10) and the bores 40 into the upper space of the4 machine to flush the interior of the receptacle, which during this operation is in the position indicated in Figs. 1 and 2, as previously pointed out. Any material adhering to the inner walls of the receptacle is flushed down into the grinding chamber.- The water in addition serves to facilitate the grinding operation when the rotary cutter is rendered operative in the manner hereinafter to be described. ATo this end, water is also supplied to the stationary cutter. The pipe 48, which at one end is connected to the water valve 42, has its other end connected to an intermediate portion of the grinding casing (Figs. 2 and 4). Water discharged from pipe 48 flows through a central bore |25 and a radial bore |26 in the shaft ||5 towards the upper portion of the stationary cutter to aid the grinding operation and also to flush the groove |291'. In addition, water discharged frompipe 48 flows through a tangential channel |21 (Figs. 1 and 4) into the grinding chamber in the lower casing portion 10. A stream of water discharged from the channel |211 follows the surface of the `grinding chamber in a helical or spiral path to insure removal of all material adhering to the inner wall surface of the grinding chamber. A drain passage |28 (Fig. l) connecting the interior of the cutting chamber with the recess containing the stationary cutter l drained through the latter.

permits water to be drained from'the grinding or cutting chamber through the lateral recess into the drain conduit 80 in case an excessive amount of water is supplied to the grinding chamber. As soon as the water rises in the grinding chamber beyond the level of the drain passage |20 it is l and the stationary cutter. As previously pointed out, the crushing heads 91 on the movable bars 96 of the rotary cutter imparta centrifugal force to material coming in contact therewith whereby the material is thrown outward against the Walls vof the grinding chamber and the cutting edge oi the stationary cutter. Wings |01 of propeller |04 aid in the throwing of the material againstA the walls of the grinding chamber. The stationary cutter has an upper portion projecting above the level of the rotary cutter to insure cutting and crushing of material which is thrown upward by the rotary cutter and also to cooperate with the propeller |04 to effect an initial breaking or cutting ofv large size material such as bones, for instance, which do not passV immediately into the annular space defined between the stationary cutter and the rotary cutter. The size .efrthe material which can be fed to the grinding machine is limited primarily, of course, by the dimensions of the receptacle 29 with its central web 34. The' stationary cutter, more specifically the cutting member ||2, is inclined, as previously described; towards the axis of the rotary cutter and has its cutting edge in .parallel relation with a generatrix of the conicallyshaped surface of the grindingchamber 10 so that material thrown against and cut by the upper portion yof the stationary cutter is directed downward into the annular space or channel defined between -the lower portion of the stationary cutter and the rotary cutter. This downward directing of -material to be ground by the stationary cutter is important in that it insures the comminuting of all material thrown into the grinding chamber. The location of the stationary cutter in alinement with the discharge conduit 80 facilitates the draining of comminuted material into the discharge conduit.

The water supplied to the grinding chamber dur-. ing the grinding operation facilitates not only the is desirablel because it accelerates considerablyv the process of decomposition of garbage in sewer plants. Thus, from anotherv viewpoint, my invention comprises an improvedr method of disposing of garbage according to which water saturated garbage is comminuted and passed into a sewer together with a considerable amount of air, that is, in aerated form. I have found that good ret suits in this respect are attained with a motor speed of the order of 1700 R. P. M.

Control of the operation of the electric motor 15 for driving` the rotary cutter 1| is eii'ected by means of the electric circuit and switch mechanism diagrammatically illustrated in' Fig. 15. The electric circuit comprises the motor 15 connected through lead wires, contacts |'and |3| -and a heating element |32 to a source of electric energy |33, -'I'he switch mechanism, designated generally as 5, includes a contact. arm |34 mounted on a ivot |35 and carrying the contact ,|,3|. A member |38 ofthe contact armis connected by a snap action spring |31 to an overcenter-linkV |38 which in turn is pivoted to the vleft-hard end of an actuating lever |39 having its right-hand end held on a fulcrum |40 and engaging at an intermediate point one end of a plunger member |4|. The plunger has a knifeedged end which bears against the right-hand end of a lever |42.

All the switch parts so far described are located within the switch box 88 (see Figs. 1 and 14) with the exception of the knife-edged end portion of the plunger |4| which projects through an opening in the rear oi.' the switch box-65. The lever |42 engaging the knife-edged portion of plunger |4| is mounted ona knife-edged bearing |43 and -has a left-hand curved portion |44 en-` gaging a disk |45 which forms an integral part of the handle 50. 'I'his disk has a recess or depression |48, permitting in a certain position of the disk, the curved portionA |44 ofthe lever |42 to drop into the depression.

The contact arm |34 of the switch has a downwardly extending member |41 at its right-hand end adjacent a projection |48 of a trip arm |49. The latter is mounted on a fulcrum |50 and biased towards the right by a compression spring 5| forcing the lower .end oi `the trip arm against the. left-hand end of a bimetallic latch |52. 'Ihe switch is manually operated by a manual control member |53, shown in full lines in on position and in dotted lines in "oif position. The bimetallic latch serves to protect the motor against overheating since during overload the bimetallic latch becomes overheated, whereby its left-hand end bends downward, thereby unlatching the trip arm |49, which latter under the action. of spring |5| forces the member |41 to the right to eifect opening of the motor circuit. Opening of the circuit is indicated by an indicator |54 which may be in the form of a red disk fastened to the trip arm |49. During opening of the circuit the trip arm, as pointed out above, swings to the right, thereby moving theindicator disk |54 back of a window |55 on the switch casing 88 (Fig. 1). When this occurs the operator reconnects the motor by first moving the manual control member, which has an indicator or. knob |58, in front the s'witch casing from on to "oif position. ".In the latter position the bimetallic latch |52, having cooled oi, resumes its original position (Fig. 15) and permits reconnecting of the motor by returning the manual control member into on position.

Turning movement of the over-center-link |38 is limited by stops |51, and movement of the member |4101' the contact arm is limited by a stop |58. Engagement between member 4| and the levers |39 and |42 is maintained by a compression spring |59.

During operation of the grinding apparatus with the switch indicator |58 in on position, the'circuit for motor 15 is closed in all positions of the receptacle with the exception oi' the "otP posii tion, that is, the motor circuit remains closed as long as the curved portion |44 of 'the actuating lever |42 slides on the plane surface at the rim of the circular disk |45. As soon as the curved portion |44, however, is permitted to drop into the depression |46 underthe action of the compression spring |59, as is the case when the receptacle reaches the "ofi" position, the motor circuit is automatically opened by the action of the switch mechanism. 'To make this clear, downward movement of the curved portion |44 (Fig. 15) into the notch |48 effects counterclockwise turning of the actuating lever |42 about the knife-edged bearing |43, wherebythe lever |39 of the switch moves upward about its fulcrum |40. As soon as the left-hand end of the over-centerlink reaches the other side of the spring center line, the spring effects counterclockwise turning of the contact arm |34, thereby removing the contact |3| from its engagement with the contact |30. Thus the motor is automatically disconnected when the receptacle is turned from the on position indicated in' Fig. 1 into off position. This is done When the grinding operation is terminated or when the receptacle is returned into the position in which it may b e refilled with material to be ground.

The complete `operation of the grinding appa ratus is as follows. First it will be assumed that the receptacle and the switch are in their o positions. This is the normal idle state of the apparatus in which all elements thereof are inactive. Receptacle 29 is in position to receive waste food material through the opening in the upper portion of casing 28 and while in this position may be utilized for the storage of such material preliminary to its disposal by the appamechanism. Roller 59 is in engagement with shallow notch 53 so that the stationary cutter ||2 is withdrawn from the grinding chamber 10 as previously set forth. Turning of the handle 50 from off to any other position fails under these conditions to start the 'rotary cutter since switch control knob |53 is in o position. For best operation of the apparatus it is preferred that thereceptacle not be turned into on, position to dump waste food material into the chamber 10A unless the switch is turned to on position for operation of the rotary cutter, since, when the rotary cutter is idle material dumped into the chamber tends to settle and to make subsequent starting of the rotary cutter very diiiicult ,or even impossible with the types of motors which are suitable for domestic use. However, with the rotary cutter idle, the receptacle, empty, may properly be turned for example to its on position to effect turning of valve 42 to its on position, illustrated in Fig. 10 to thereby cause Water to be supplied to both the upper portion of the casing and the stationary cutter as previously outlined for complete cleaning aid flushing of the variousl parts of the apparatus. y,When the receptacle is in the .on position, roller 59 is in engagement with deep depression 56 so that the stationary cutter is advanced into the cham'- ber 10 as previously outlined, but the wall 34a of the receptacle completely blocks the opening in the top of the casing 26 so that it is impossible for .an operator to reach into the grinding chamber as lpreviously outlined. Furthermore, when the receptacle is in this neutral position, the peculiar shape of the receptacle, particularly the curved portions 35h and 35e of the bottom wall 34a, permits an operator without disassembling the machine to reach into the interior of the grinding chamber to remove therefrom any solid objects suchI as bottle caps or other pieces of metal or pieces of glass which may not be ground by the machine. In this position of the receptacle/ which is best illustrated in Fig. 19, the bottoni wall 34a of the receptacle is on the same side as the stationary cutter and is disposed thereabove to render it difcult for anyone reaching into the grinding chamber to come into contact with the cutting face of the stationary cutter, especially in view of the fact previously pointed out that the stationary cutter is withdrawn from the chamber 10. Hence there is provided in this position of the 'receptacle a double safety feature for the protection of an operator.

A further advantage of the neutral position of the receptacle, in View of the peculiar construction of the receptacle, is that. it permits the establishment of a connection between the motor and a drive member or members for other devices as illustrated clearly in Fig. 19. This feature of my invention makes it possible to utilize the driving motor of the grinding machine for other purposes. In Fig. 19 in which'the motor 15 serves to operatela whipping apparatus, such as a cream beater |60. The apparatus is centered on the adapter 2| ofthe grinding apparatus and i's.driven from the motor 15 through a shaft or drive member' |6| having a lower forked portion or adapter |62. This adapter preferably is in the form of a fork with two prongs, each prong serving to 'engage a face |63 (Fig. 6) of one of the wings |01 of the propeller |04. The curved construction of the walls of the receptacle when in the neutral position allows sufficient space for the establishing of such' connections with the propeller. The motor 15 may be used also to operate a brush |64 fastened to a lower extension of the motor shaft. The grinding of garbage necessitates a comparatively heavy motor of the order of 1/4 H. P.'for the average kitchen and the employment of this motor for driving other devices, which usually are operated by smaller motors, is advantageous in that it saves time and permits a more effective operation of such devices. The connecting of the auxiliary devices with the motor through a shaft extension |6| or the like is very simple and may even be performed without the operator reaching into the interior of the casing 26 of the grinding apparatus.

From the preceding description it will be seen that the receptacle has three important functions. In one position it permits the deposit therein of material to be ground and blocks off the opening into the interior of the grinding chamber; in another position it empties the material into the interior of the grinding chamber and at the same time blocks off the opening of the apparatus; and in a third or intermediate position, 'designated the neutral position, the re- I have shown an arrangement ceptacle permits the removal of undesirable material from the interior of the apparatus and `permits also the connection of auxiliary devices to be driven by the motor 15.

The operation of the apparatus for the grinding of waste material or garbage will now be described. The switch control knob |53 is turned so that its pointer |56 indicates on. Receptacle 29, filled with Waste material to be ground, is turned into its on position indicated in Fig. 1 of `the drawings. During the iirst degrees of turning movement of the receptacle the curved portion |44 is forced out of the depression |46 (Fig. 15) thereby causing the switch mechanism to effect closing of the motor'cirouit. It is im.-

portant to note that the motor begins to operate immediately upon the turning of the receptacle out of its olf position and during the rst degrees of turning movement thereof, that is, before any of the mateial to be g'round, or at least cutter. 'I'his permits the motor toreach normal speed during the period required for an operator to turn the receptacle from foif to on and before the beginning of the actual grinding and cutting operation. When the receptacle is fully turned into the position indicated in Fig. 1 of the drawings, the garbage or waste drops into the grinding or cutting chamber. 4 time the water valve 42 has been turned into on position, illustrated in Fig. 10 ;'admitting flushing water into the receptacle and into the cutting or grinding chamber. During the grinding operation, which has been described in detail hereinbefore, the bottom of the receptacle registers with or closes the opening in the upper portion of the casing of the grinding machine, thereby preventing excessive feeding` and overloading of the apparatus and preventing also manual access to the grinding elements', thus protecting the operator against possible injury. When the ma- ,terial tobe ground has been discharged through the discharge conduit 80, the receptacle may be returned to o position to receive further material to be ground. At. the end o'f the grinding process the receptacle may be moved into its fourth or iiush position, wherein valve 42 assumes the'position shown in Fig. 1 2 to permit thorough flushing of the grinding chamber, whereby all A notch 54 as previously explained. With switch knob 53 in the on position, the motor circuit is closedduring flushing operation, causing rotation of the rotary cutter whereby the water/ supplied to the grinding chamber is hurled against the dierent parts of the grinding mechanism effecting thorough cleansing thereof.

When it is desired to employ the apparatus for the operation of auxiliary devices as previously suggested, in which case the receptacle is turned into the neutral position, it is advisable and in fact almost necessary for the connections of the At the same any large amount thereof, drops onto the rotary auxiliary devices to be made with the switch knob |53 in its off position so that the rotary cutter is idle. This is because, for obvious reasons, it is unsafe for an operator to reach into the grinding chamber While the rotary cutter is in "operation even though the stationary cutter is withdrawn from the chamber as is the case when the receptacle is in the neutral position.

50 imately 60 angular degrees, as indicated in Fig.

After the connections have been made with the rotary cutter idle, then switch knob |58 may be turned into its on position to energize the motor 15 to thereby drive the auxiliary devices. As previously explained, when the receptacle is in the neutral position, the valve 42 is 1n the potion illustrated in Fig. 1l so that no water is being supplied to the apparatus and, furthermore, the stationary cutter is retracted from the grinding member.

Referring now to Figs. 17 and 18, which show a modification of the rotary and the'stationary cutters, 'the rotary cutter has a lower disk-|65 corresponding to the disk 02 in Fig. '1 and an upper disk |66 corresponding to the disk 92 in Fig.v '1. Secured in recesses on the lower disk on diametrically opposite sides thereof are lateral projections |61 held in position by pins inserted through bores |68 from the top of the disk (Figs 18). These projections |61 replace the lower, toothless portion of the cutting member ||2 of the arrangement indicated in Fig. 1. During operation, the projections |61 are rotated with the disk filling substantially the recess |29 (Fig.

1) defined between the outer conical surface of the 4lower disk and the surfaces-of the adjacent portions of the casing 10 and the bottom plate 16. Material contained in this recess is rotated by the wings |61 and flushed into the discharge conduitv of the apparatus. `'I'he wings |61 serve also as propeller vanes during operation of the rotary cutter with a resulting centrifugal pump action which aids in the discharge under pressure of the water with its suspended particles of comminuted material.- Fig. 18 shows also springs |69 corresponding to the springs |00 of Fig. 8 for biasing the slidable members or bars 96 in inward direction against the centrifugal force exerted on the members.

Fig. 17 shows a stationary cutting member |10 in cutting posiiton in which the lower-inner edge is positioned close to the upper edge |1| of the lower disk. The upper disk |66 differs from that indicated in Figs. 6 and 7 in that it has only a few indentations |12. ,I have found that with respect to certain material the best grinding effect is obtained by the provision of few indentations |12, preferably groups of three providedon diametrically opposite sides of the as in the first described embodiment except that the lateral recess for the stationary cutter is displaced to the 'front of the casing as indicated at |80 on Figs. 22, 23l and 24, the recess tion of the casing, .there is` employed a modified form of receptacle |82 certain details of which are best shown in Figs. 27 and 28. The receptacle comprises matnly a pair of circular end plates |884 and |84 between which extends a semicylindrical bottom ,wall -|85, the opposite sides of which are joined to the rims of the respective end plates, and a centrally disposed web |86 which also has its opposite ends Joined to the respective end plates to strengthen and brace the plates' in rigidly spaced apart relation. In a manner similar to that set `forth in connection with the receptacle 29 shown in Figs. 1, 16 and 19, the free edges |85' of the bottom Wall |85 of receptatcle |82\are inwardly curved so that the circumferential length, designated ain FigI 28, of the bottom wall midway between the end plates is less than the'circumfrential length, designated b at the points of juncture of the bottom wall with the end plates, and/is considerably less than annular degrees. Integral with the bottom wall are formed ribs |81 having portions |90 extending parallel to the curved periphery of` the bottom wall andA other portions disk |66 with each group extending over approx- 17. Whereas the indentations 92a shown in Fig. 7 define sharp cutting edges, those of Fig. 17 have rounded edges |18.A The rounded edges reduce the tendency of fibrous material adhering thereto, thus facilitating the cleaning or flushing of the grinding chamber. If the rotary cutter of Fig. 17 is employed in the grinding apparatus, it is mounted in a manner similar to' the described in connection with the rotary cutter illustrated in Fig. 7 so that the lower rim of the casing portion 10 extends below the level `of the top surface of disk |66 but not down to the |9| inwardly bowed or U-shapedand joined at their apexes to the bottom of the web |86 as indicated at |92. Between theribs are open slots or spaces |93, for a purpose to be set forth hereinafter, and web |86 serves to brace the ribs in rigidly spaced apart relation.

End plates |83 and |84 of the receptacle |82 are provided respectively with stub shafts or trunnions |94 and |95 which are rotatably supported in bearing seats |96 and |91 formed respectively in the back wall of the casing 26 and" in the front cover plate 64, these bearing seats vbeing so arranged that the receptacle is disposed coaxially with respect to the curved portions 26 of the casing. Stub shaft |95 extends outwardly through the cover plate and through a packing |98 and is provided with a central bore 200 into which extends an operating shaft 20| secured in the bore by means of set Screw 202. An extension shaft 203 is connected to the outer end of shaft 20| .by means of a clamping device 204 and has removably se-v cured thereto an operating handle 205. 203 mayv be of any suitable length'to 'insure that the handle 205 is in convenient position to be grasped by an operator.

Shaft Receptacle |82 is rotatable by means of handle marked as shown in Fig. 22 to designate the various positions of the handle. When the re- .ceptacle is in the off position, material to be ground may be deposited therein for immediate emptying into the grinding chamber 10 of the casing 26 or may be stored in the receptacle until it is convenient to operate the grinding machine. While inl this position the bottomwall If it is desired to reach into the interior of the grinding chamber for .any reason such as for example to remove unground material therefrom, the lid 206 may be removed and the receptacle rotated 90 in a counterclockwise direotion as viewed in Fig. 22, by means of the handle 205 until the handle points to the letter N on the cover plate 6l. This is termed the neutral position of the receptacle and corresponds to the neutral position ofvreceptacle 29 illustrated in Fig. 19 and described hereinbefore. The peculiar' curved construction of the free edges |65 of the bottom wall of the receptacle aords ready access to the interior of the grinding chamber while at the same time the bottom wall is disposed in front of the stationary cutter and its enclosing recess |00 in a manner similarto that'illustrated in Fig. 19 so that it is rendered diiiicult'for any one reaching into the grinding chamber 'to come in contact with the cutting face of the stationary cutter as previously pointed out. Rotation of the receptacle by means of handle 205 another 90 in a coune pipe is adapted to extend slidably into the upper Y terclockwise direction to its third or n position results in the emptying of any material contained in the receptacle into the grinding chamber. When the receptacle is in this position, the ribs |61 and intervening spaces |93 are displaced 180 from the position illustrated in Fig. 23 and the ribs serve to block the opening into the casing to prevent manual access to the interior of the grinding chamber while the spaces provide for the supplying of water therethrough to the grinding chamber from the faucet (not shown) of the kitchen sink 20 in a simple and convenient manner without the necessity for a positive connection of the device to the water mains. The amount of water supplied through the Yspaces in the receptacle may be suitably regulated at the faucet by the operator.

Casing 26 is closed at the bottom by meansof a plate 2|0 fastened to the casing by means of bolts2|| and formed with a substantially circular depressed part 2|2 which cooperates with an ontwardly flared skirt 2 I3 on the bottom of the casing to provide a circular recess or chamber 2M. Also, there is formed integrally with the-bottom plate a discharge conduit or drain pipe 2 5 which communicates with the chamber 2 Il. This drain end of a sewer connection pipe 2|6 so as to take care of slight adjustments in the height of the grinding machine while the joint is sealed by a ilanged ring nut 2|1 threadedly secured to the sewer connection pipe and snugly surrounding 'the drain pipe. Fastened to the casing by means of a screw bolt 2|8 is a spring clip 2|9 which engages the ring nut and serves to insure against separation of the drain and sewer connection pipes. i

In order to provide an additional support for the grinding apparatus substantially to relieve the sink structure of the weightthereof, there is provided a supporting lstand 220 which may be secured to the kitchen oor or wall, or the like and a hanger bracket 22| adapted to be secured tozthe grinding apparatus and adjustabiy mounted on the supporting stand. Stand 220 in the illustrated embodiment (see Figs. 23 and 33) is secured to the iloor'structure by means of screws 222 and has oneor more vertically extending slots 223 for the vertically slidable connection thereto of bracket 22| by means of bolts 224. Bracket 22| has a hollow sleeve portion 225 provided with Y an outwardly extending flange at'its upper -end for the securing of the bracket to bottom plate 2 |0 by means of bolts 226 which are screwed into' lugs 221 formed integrally with the bottom plate. Because of the vertically adjustable connection between the stand 220 and the supporting hanger or bracket 22|, the height of the mounting for the grinding apparatus maybe adjusted in accordance with the height of the -sink structure` to which the upper end of the machine is connected.

- In the bottom of casing 26 are disposed the rotary cutter and the stationary cutter which may be caused to cooperate to grind, cut and crush material in the grinding chamber portion p 10 of the casing, set forth in detail elsewhere herein.` Thev manner of mounting and operating the rotary cutter in the modified form of the grinding apparatus illustrated in Fig. 23 is substantially the same .as that employed in the first embodiment previously described and illustrated in detail in Fig. l. Propeller |04 is of the type illustrated in Figs. 1 and 6, while the supporting disks |65 and |66 for the cutter bars 96 correspond to the disks illustrated in Figs. 17 and 18,

although it is to be understood that if desired the disks may be of the type illustrated in Figs. 6 to 9, inclusive. The details of these various parts have been described in detail in connection with the figures referred to. The centrally disposed vertical shaft which forms part of the connection between the rotary cutter and the driving motor 15 may be of the same form as that designated 13 in Fig. l but as illustrated at 13 in Fig. 23 is of a modiiied form having a spiral groove 230 for a purpose to be set forth hereinafter. As a bearing for the disk |65 of the rotary cutter there is provided a conical member 23| similar in form to the conical member 65 of Fig. 1 but provided preferably with a spiral groove 232 in its external surface as shown in Fig. 26. 'I'his bearing member is secured by a pressed nt in the downwardly extending annular flanged portion 233 of the bottom plate 2 |.0.

The rotary cutter is connected by means of shaft 13 and a iiexible coupling device 20| to the drive shaft of motor 15. A modified system of lubrication is provided forthe drive shaft and for the bearing member 23|, the details of which system are shown in Fig. 23. To the lower end of the flanged portion 233 of bottom plate 2 |0 there is secured a cup 235 which has a centrally disposed annular shoulder formed to iit tightly in the lower end of the anged portion 233 with the walls of the cup extending upwardly around the flanged portion. The cup is provided also with a filling spout 236 which extends outwardly beneath the bottom plate and is provided wltha cover 231 mounted to be swung intoand out of closing positionswith respect to the spout. A wicking 238 is wrapped spirally about the exterior of the annular flanged portion,233,.the major portion of the wicking being disposed in the lubricant contained in the cup while the upper end of the wicking is made to pass through an opening in the flanged portion 203 and thence through a bore 239 in the bearing member 23| into contact with shaft 13'. In the interior of the lower end of the flanged portion 233 and between the bottom of bearing member 23| and the attachment shoulder of cup 234 is disposed a body of packing material 240 to prevent the leakage of lubricant downwardly between the shaft and the wall of the centrally located aperture in the cup through which the shaft passes. By this arrangement lubricant is supplied from the cup or reservoir 235 through wicking 238 to the inner surface of bearing member 23| and the groove 230 in the shaft 13'. The lubricant is then carried upwardly by means of the groove to the top of the bearing member, thence outwardly between the bearing memberand the hub 83 and downwardly between the outer surface of the sleeve-like upper extension of the bearing member and the inner surface of the hub 83 and disk |65, this latter downward travel being facilitated by the groove 232 in the bearing member. Any excess lubricant then leaks outwardly between the lowersurface of disk and the upper surface of bottom plate 2| 0 and into the drain pipe 2 5. By this means there is secured at all times an eflicient lubrication of the shaft 13' and of the bearing member 23|, and reservoir 235 is such as to render it simple and easy to replenish the oil therein though such replenishment is required only infrequently.

In order to prevent transmission of vibration from motor 15 to the supporting stand 220 or to the grinding apparatus andthe sink structure, there is provided aA resilient mounting for the motor, the details of which mounting are shown in Figs. 23 and 25. To the top of the motor housing is secured a metallic disk-24| by means of screws 242 which have spacing sleeves 243 disposed therearound with the opposite -ends of the sleeves respectively in abutment with the disk and the top of the motor housing. For added rigidity of connection between the disk `and the motor, the disk has a centrally located cylindrical flange 244 tightly surrounding an upwardly projecting cylindrical extension 245 of the motor housing. Two metallic .ring-shaped elements 246 and 241 are disposed respectively above and below the disk with two annular washers 248 and 249 of resilient material interposed respectively between the disk and the upper element 246 and betweeen the disk and the lower element 241. Hollow sleeves, one of which is shown at 250, extend through the disk and the elements 246 and. 241

vand have 'their ends riveted over, as shown .at

250, to hold the ring-shaped elements, the disk and the resilient washers assembled in the relation above set forth. It will be seen from the drawings that the sleeves 250 pass freely through openings 25| in the disk 24| to provide for relative movement between the disk and sleeves. The resilient washers 248 and 249 are seated in annular grooves 252 and 253 provided in the disk 24| and the lower element 241 respectively and this arrangement in cooperation with a downwardly projecting ridge 254 formed in the upper element 246 serves to hold the washers rmly in place. Upper ring-shaped element 246 is tightly pressed into a circular recess 255 formed in the lower side of supporting bracket 22| and the unitary assembly of thev ring-shaped elements, disks and washers are secured to the supporting bracket or hanger by means of bolts 256 which pass through the bracket and into screw-threaded engagement with the hollow sleeves 250. This ar-l' rangement forms in eiect a chain mounting whereby the disk 24| which supports the motor l is resiliently carried bythetwo ring-shaped elements 246 and 241 which in turn are supported One arrangement of circuit vconnections andswitching mechanism suitable for motor 15 has been described in detail previously in connection with the schematic showing of Fig. 15, but other suitable arrangements may be employed if desired. As was previously pointed out, the principal parts of the illustrated switching mechanism 65 are incorporated in a control box or casing 66. In the presently described modiiication, the casing 66 is mounted, as shown in Fig. 27, on a bracket 251 which is fastened to an extension arm 64' of front plate 64. Switch operating plunger I4 I extends out from the rear of the casing and has a collar 260 securely fastened thereto by means of a set screw 26|. This collar is arranged to engage one end of a control lever 262 which has pivot pin 263 intermediate the ends thereof for the mounting of the lever on a fulcrum 264 carried by the front plate 64. The other end of the lever is provided with a curved head 265 which is arranged to engage the rear face of a disk 266 carried by a control cam member 261 which is rigidly secured to operating shaft 20| by means of set screw 202 for rotation by means of handle 205. Plate266 has an indicating pointer 268 and is provided also with a short arcuate recess or depression 269.

When handle 205 is in the position illustrated in Fig. 1 and pointer 268 indicates oif, the head 265 of lever 262 drops into the recess 269 and permits plunger |4|' to move outwardly under the inuence of spring |59 (see Fig. 15) disposed in the control box or casing 66. Under these circumstances, as previously pointed out in detail, the switching mechanism within the control box is operative to open the circuit of motor 15 so that the rotary cutter of the grinding machine is rendered inoperative even though the switch indicator |56 of control box 66 may be in on" position. Upon turning of handle 205 in a counterclockwise direction as viewed in Fig. 22, the initial movement of disk 266 forces head 265 out of depression 269 so that lever 262 is rotated to force plunger |4l inwardly into casing 66 against the action of spring |59. If switch indicator |56 is in on position, this results in op` eration of the switching mechanism to effect starting of the motor to drive the rotary cutter, and, in a manner similar to that set forth in connection with the previously'described embodiment, the starting of the motor is initiated irnmediately by initial turning of handle 205, and with it the receptacle |82, out of the oiI position. The motor then remains operative through out further turning of the handle in the positioning of the receptacle. The advantage of this arrangement as previously pointed out is that the motor and the rotary cutter are permitted to attain normaloperating speed before the receptacle reaches a position wherein it feeds or permits the feeding of material to the grinding chamber and the rotary cutter. Hence with proper operation of the apparatus it is impossible for an operator to clog up the grinding chamber with material until the motor has attained sufficient speed to take care of the impeding action of such material.

'I'he general arrangement of the rotary cutter and the stationary cutter with respect to each with Fig. 17. Furthermore, as shown in Fig. 23, the rotary cutter is so disposed that the lower rim of the casing portion 10 extends below the top surface of the disk |66 but not down to the levelof the bottom surface of the disk |66 or the bottom of the indentations |12. 'Ihis is similar to the arrangement shown in detail in Fig. 21 and enables the disk |66 toA perform as a strainer to limit the size of material passing into the recess or chamber 2li. Also the stationary cutter is adjustably mounted in recess |80 so that its cutting face is at all times maintained substantially parallel to a generatrix of the frusto'conical grinding chamber 10, and the upper portion of the stationary cutter extends above the level of the top-of the rotary cutter and the propeller wingsy |01 so as to insure grinding and crushing of material thrown outwardly and upwardly during operation of the rotary cutter.

The details of the stationary cutter and the apparatus for mounting the same in recess |80 are best shown in Fig. 23 and in the exploded view of Fig. 32. The cutter comprises two toothed cutting members or knives 210 and 21| which may be secured to a holder 212 in any suitable manner but which preferably are secured to the holder by means of a dovetailed joint 213 with the material of the holder molded about ting member 21|, which is subjected to the/ greatest wear, be made of an extremely hard and long wearing material as for example one of the well known cemented carbides having characteristics similar to those 'disclosed in the Schrter patents, Nos. 1,721,416 and Re. 17,624, While the upper cutting member 210 may, if desired, be made of a less hard but long wearing and corrosion resisting material such as stainless steel. In order to provide a cutting edge or face, the two cutting members are formed with two longitudinally extending and aligned rows 215 and 216 of Acutting teeth. As best shownlrin Fig. 31 the tops of the teeth are flattened as shownat 211 and 218 to strengthen the teeth and facilitate the cutting of material thereby; while the leading edge or face 280 of the front row of teeth 215 is set back to provide a shoulder or'ledg'e 28| between this leading face and the front edge 282 of the holder 212.

Holder 212 i's formedV with a longitudinal groove 283 which extends parallel and adjacent to the leading edge of the cutting members 210 and 21|. At the rear of the holder and extending upwardly therefrom is a bearing projection 284 which extends also outwardly to one side of the holder in the form of a depending shoulder 285. 'Ihe holder is provided also witha bearing projection 286 extending outwardly from said one side of the holder adjacent the bottom thereof. Pressed into openings in the front face of projection 284 are a plurality of shock .absorbing elements.

281 of resilient material for a purpose set forth hereinafter.

For supporting the holder 212 and the cutting.

with sullicient clearance for the slidable movement of the holder toward and awayv from the inner face of the plate. A leaf spring 298,having a perforation substantially at its midpoint is mounted on a projection formed on the inner face of plate 290, as shown at. 295 in Fig. 23. The ends of this spring are arranged to bear against the rear surface of holder 212 to resiliently force the holder away. from plate 290, while the movement of the holder awayA from the plate is limitedv at the top by engagement of the shoulder 285 of the holder with a shoulder 296 formed on the projection 293 and at the bottom by means of the iianged head 291 of an adjusting screw 298 supported by and extending through the plate 290, which said head. 291 is disposed in'a recess 299 formed in the lower portion of the holder. (See Figs. 23 and 29.) The lower end of recess 299 is open as shown most clearly in Fig. 23. Adjusting screw 298 may be screwed inwardly or outwardly so that by engagement of its head 291 with the flanges 300 of recess 299, the outward move'ment of holder 292 -in recess |80 can be hunted as desired, and the adjusting screw may be locked when set as desired, by means of washer.v

30| and lock nut 302. In order-.to insure against transmission of vibration to plate 290 by'chattering of holder 212 against the head 281 of screw 298, there may be provided as shown in Fig. 29 a. resilient gasket 303 which preferably jection 292 by means of ears 301 and 388, which Y t into recesses 309 and 3|0 vrespectively formed at the top and bottom of the projection 2 92, and by means of a flange 3| which ts over the outer edge 3|2 of the projection 292. Bearing plate 306 is secured to projection 293 by means of ears 3|3 and 3M, which t into recesses 3|5 and 3|8 respectively formed in the top and bottom of projection 293, and by means of'flange 3|1 which fits over the outer edge 3|8 of the projection 293, while this bearing plate is provided with a shoulder 3| 9 to correspond with the shoulder 296 of the projection 293. f

In the assembly of the stationary cutter unit, the bearing plates 305 and 3106 'are mounted upon their cooperating projections 292 and 293 respectively with the ears 301 and 308 engaging the recesses 309' and 3|0 respectively and the ears 3|3 and 3H engaging the recesses 3|5 and 3|8 res'pectively. Holder 212 is then pressed between' the bearing plates and projections and forced back against spring 294 until it is possible to slide the holder downwardly to eflectv engagement of the shoulder 285 thereon with the shoulder 296 on projection 293 and engagement of the head 2,91 of the adjusting screw with recess 299.'

The holder is held firmly thereby between the spring on one side and the shoulder 296 and the head 291 on the other side. Sunk into projection 292 are a plurality of shock absorbing elements 320 of resilient material which, as will be seen r'nost clearly from Fig. 29, have bumper heads disposed between projection 292 and bearing plate 305 to act asa silencing arrangement and to dampen shocks produced by any possible sidewise chattering of the holder 212, the bearing plate 305 between the holder and the resilient elements serving to prevent these elements from interfering with the easy sliding of the holder. With the stationary cutter assembled as described in this paragraph it may be inserted as a unit into recess |80 with its supporting plate 290 fastened as previously described to close the outer wall of the recess.

Control of the positioning of the stationary cutter is effected in accordance with the positioning of the receptacle |82 by means of cam 261 in combination with a linkage and cam mechanism now to be described. Two shafts 32| and 322 are mounted rotatably in and extend through one side wall of recess |80 and are sealed by means of packings 323 and 324 respectively. Shaft 32| extends across the recess into bearing seat 325 in the other wall of the recess, the outer end of which bearing seat is closed by means of screw cap 326. The inner portion of the upper shaft 32| is in the form of a cam 321 which for the most part is cylindrical but which is provided with a flat bearing face 328 on one side thereof. This cam is arranged to engage the upper projection 284 of holder 212 and particularly to bear against the shock absorbing elements 281 so that noise and shock are not transmitted thereto due to chattering of the stationary cutter. The lower shaft 322 has a cam 330 formed on thel inner end thereof and provided with a flat bearing face 33| which is arranged to engage the lower side projection 286 of the holder 212. On the outer ends of the shaft 32| and 322 are fastened levers or cranks 332 and 333 respectively by means of set screws 334 and 335 respectively. In order that the cams 321 and 330 may be rotated concurrently and the at faces 328 and 33| thereof brought into simultaneous engagement with the cutter supporting member 212, the levers are connected together by means of a link 336.

When the levers 332 and 333 and link 336 are in their lowermost positions as illustrated in full lines in Figs. 22 and 24, the cams 321 and 330 are in such position that their curved portions engage holder 212 to force this member into its innermost position in recess |80 so that the cutting members 210 and 21| are completely withdrawn from the grinding chamber 10 as shown in Figs. 23, 29 and 30. Movement of the levers to their uppermost positions as indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 24 causes rotation of the cams so that their fiat faces 328 and 33| are brought opposite holder 212 thereby allowing spring 294 to force the holder outwardly so that cutting members 210 and 21| project into the grinding chamber to their fullest extent as illustrated in Fig. 31. The extent to which holder 212 is permitted to move may be .adjusted by means of adjusting screw 298 so that the holder may be moved by spring 294 until it comes into engage- A ment with the iiat cam faces 328 and 33| or so that its lower end is stopped short of engagement with lower cam face 33| by the head 281 of the adjusting screw. Such provision is made for properly setting the cutting members 210 and 21| for most eflicient cooperation with the rotary cutter and also for taking care of any Wearing.

down of the cutting edges.

Lever 332 has an upwardly projecting arm 331 y which is pivotally connected to a horizontal link 338 which in turn is pivotally connected to a. lever arm 340 pivotally supported by fulcrum arms 34| carried by front plate 64. 'I'he upper end of lever 340 has aflixed'thereto a conically shaped head 342 which is arranged to engage slidably a spiral groove 343 in the cam 261 which is rotatable with receptacle |82 as previously pointed out. A compression spring 344 is disposed between the front of the front plate 64 and a rear surface of leven/340 to bias the upper end of the lever outwardly and maintain head 342 in rm engagement with the outer wall of groove 343. As previously pointed out, cam 261 is rotatable by means of handle 205 concurrently with receptacle |82 and dial plate 266 on shaft 20|. When the handle is in the o position illustrated in Fig. 22 so that the receptacle is in the receiving position best shown in Fig. 23, groove 343 is so arranged that it forces the upper end of lever 340 backwardly to its innermost position so that the lower end of lever 340 is moved to its outermost position to rotate lever 332 in a clockwise direction as viewed i'n Fig. 24, thereby causing the cams 321 and 330 to force the stationary cutter holder 212 to its innermost `position in recess |80 as illustrated in Fig. 23. Thus it will be seen that when the receptacle is in its receiving position, the cutting edges or teeth of members 210 and 21| of the stationary cutter are completely withdrawn from the grinding chamber 10. Rotation of handle 205 in a counterclockwise direction as viewed in Fig. 22 causes groove 343 and spring 344 to move the upper end of lever 340 gradually outward so that arm 331 of lever 332 is moved gradually inward, thereby producing rotation of shafts 32| and 322 in a counterclockwise direction as viewed in Fig. 24 to bring the fiat faces 328 and 33| of the cams 321 and 330 opposite the stationary cutter supporting holder 212; Groove 343 of cam 261 is so arranged that when handle 205 is in the neutral position cams 321 and 330 have been rotated only sunicently to permit partial advancement of the stationary cutter by means of spring 294 and the cutting members 210 and 21| still do not project, or project only to a very slight degree, into the grinding chamber 10. As previously pointed out, when the receptacle is in its neutral position it is possible due to the peculiar construction of the receptacle for an operator to reach into the grinding chamber. However, under these conditions the wall of the receptacle is so disposed as to render it diflicult for any one reaching into the grinding chamber to come in contact with the teeth of the stationary cutter. This is similar to the condition illustrated in and described in connection with Fig. 19. The above described arrangement of the cam groove 343 provides a further protection to the hands of an operator in that when the receptacle is in its neutral position the teeth of the stationary cutter do not project into the grinding chamber to a suiicient extent to injure the operator especially in view of the protection oifered by the wall ofthe receptacle.

Further counterclockwise rotation of handle 205 from the position marked N to the position marked on causes the receptacle to assume its complete vemptying position. At this point the spring 344 and the groove 343 of cam 261 have forced the upper end of lever 340 to its outermost position with a consequent rotation of arm 331 to its innermost position causing levers 332 and 333 and link 336 to move to their uppermost positions indicated in the dotted lines in Fig. 24. This produces rotation of cams 321 and 330 so that their flat faces 328 and 33| mitted by adjusting screw 288. Hence when the receptacle is rotated to its on or emptying position the cutting teeth of the stationary cutter are projected to their operating positions lin the grinding chamber 10, but under these circumstances the bottom wall |86-of the receptacle and the ribs |81 thereof prevent an operator reaching into the grinding chamber so thatit is impossible for injury to occur `due to contact with the teeth of the stationary cutter. The outer wall of groove 343' is provided with notches, such as that indicated at 346, which engage the lever 340 by spring 3, serve to prevent free rotation of the receptacle and controlling cam out of the positions in which they are set.

Due to the adjustability of the stationary cutter, it is necessary to provide, as best shown in Fig. 31, a clearance 346 between the front edge 282 of the holder 212 and the edge 341 of the portion of the casing 10 which forms the rim of the recess |80. In a manner similar to that described in connection with the embodiment shown in Fig. 20, the ledge 28| between the leading face 280 of the front row of teeth 215 and the front edge 282 of the holder 212 serves to prevent the forcing of ground material into the clearance 346 to impede the movability of the holder. And as previously set forth, any material which does get through the clearance is trapped in the groove 283 in the holder and forced downwardly into the drain conduit 2|5. Holder 212 is so formed as to provide a projecting shoulder 348 on one side of groove 283, which shoulder, when the holder is in its advanced position, substantially abuts against the front wall 349 of the recess |80 as shown in Fig. 31 to thereby prevent ground material from escaping into the recessv proper where there would be danger of clogging the cutter operating mechanism as for instance the cam 330 which engages shoulder 286.

Although it is believed that the operation of the various parts of the second embodiment of ymy improved grinding apparatus has been made clear in the preceding description, this operation will now be summarized. When it is desired that the apparatus stand idle, the parts thereof normally assume the positions illustrated in Fig. 23 and the switch indicating pointer |56 is turned io the off position. Under these circumstances, the receptacle may be left in its receiving or 01T position for the deposit and storing therein of material to be ground and the material receiving opening of the casing may be closed by means of cover plate 206 so that the sink 20 appears to be of the ordinary type. However, with the indicating pointer |66 in "oi position, handle 205 may be rotated in a counterclockwise direction to effect rotation of the receptacle to its neutral position permitting an operator to reach into the grinding chamber to remove nongrindable material therefrom. Under these circumstances the rotary cutter is not in operation and the stationary cutter is sumciently withdrawn from the grinding chamber that the hand of the operator is adequately protected therefrom by the bottom wall of the receptacle. For proper operation of the apparatus, material to be ground should not be placed in the grinding chamber when the rotary cutter is rnot in operation since packing down of such material may render subless an impractical size driving motor is employed.

In order4 to render the apparatus operative for the grinding of garbage and like material, indicating pointer |66 is turned to on to thereby prepare the switching mechanism and motor circuit vfor subsequent energization. With the cover plate 206 removed, material to be ground is placed in the receptacle which for this purpose is disposed in its oif" position. The receptacle may serve the purpose of limiting the size and amount of material to be fed to the grinding chamber. For emptying the material to be ground into the grinding chamber, handle 206 is turned in a counterclockwise direction as viewed in Fig. 22 to rotate the receptacle into its emptying or on sequent starting of the rotary cutter dimcult unposition. One of the important safety features Y of my improved device as previously pointed out is that immediately upon rotation of the receptacle out of its onposition, the head 266 of switch operating lever 262 is moved out of the notch 269 in the dial plate 266 and the righthand end of the switch control lever is moved downwardly as viewed in Fig. 2'1 to cause energization of the motor circuit. 'I'he motor and the rotary cutter are thereby permitted to attain their normal operating speed before the receptacle is sufiiciently rotated to effect emptying of the material therefrom onto the rotary cutter. towards its on position, the stationary-'cutter is gradually advanced in the manner previously set forth in detail. When the receptacle finally reaches its on" position the teeth of the stai tionary cutter project into the grinding chamber and are in proper position to cooperate with the rotary cutter for the shredding and cutting of the material to be ground. .The manner in which the rotary cutter, the propeller and the stationary cutter cooperate in the crushing, shredding and cutting of the material has been described in detail hereinbefore and will not now be repeated. The grinding operation and the carrying away of the ground material are facilitated in the secondv described form of machine by the supplying of water from the faucet of the sink through the spaces |93 between the ribs |81 of the receptacle and into the grinding chamber. The amount of water supplied may be regulated at will and in accordance with the operators experience to insure proper and complete grinding and complete removal of the ground matecharge conduit 2|5 into sewer connecting pipe During the turning of the receptacle- 2| 6. When all of the material in the grinding chamber has been completely ground, the receptacle may be left in its "on position and the water from the faucet may be left running to ush out and clean the grinding chamber, the rotation of the rotary cutter during this operation serving to agitate the water supplied to the grinding chamber to facilitate the cleaning process.

After the grinding and cleaning operations, the receptacle is turned to either its neutral position to permit the removal of unground material such as bottle caps, glass and the like from the grinding chamber or may be turned to its receiving position for the deposit therein of additional niaterial to be ground. It will be evident that an important feature of my improved grinding apparatus is that an operator or any one else is prevented from carelessly coming into contact with the grinding mechanism at all times since l when the receptacle is in either "on" or ofi positions the ribs Ill prevent access togthe interior of the grinding chamber and when the receptacle is in its neutral position, in which case the motor should be rendered inoperative, the operators hand is protected from contact with the teeth of the stationary cutter.

As will be seen from the foregoing description, my invention provides an improved construction and arrangement for a grinding apparatus especially adapted for domestic use to grind the garbage and like waste material. The design and the operation of the device are very simple so that the device may be operated without special skill and experience.' The only elements to be manipulated for controlling the operation of the device are the indicating knob |53 and the handle 50 or 205 in accordance with which one of the devices is employed.

Having described the method of operation of my invention together with the apparatus which I now consider to represent the best embodiments thereof, I desire to have it understood that the apparatus shown is only illustrative and that the invention may be carried out by other means.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is: Y

l. In an .apparatus for grinding garbage and other waste material, a casing defining a grinding chamber and having an opening for the feeding of such material to said chamber, means for mounting the casing beneath a kitchen sink or like structure with said opening in registry with an opening provided in said structure, grinding means in said chamber, means for operating the grinding means, said casing opening providing manual access to said chamber and grinding means for the removal of unground material, a receptacle movably mounted in said casing adjacent said casing opening for movement into a plurality of positions including a position in which the receptacle provides a depository for garbage or other waste material and another position for emptying the deposited material into the grind- -ing chamber, and means operative upon movement of the receptacle into certain of said plurality of positions for blocking said casing opening to prevent the feeding of material and manual access to said chamber.

2. In an apparatus for grinding garbage and other waste material, a casing defining a grinding chamber, means for grinding such material in" the chamber including a first cutting device mounted for rotation in the chamber and a second cutting device mounted for cooperation with l said first cutting device, means for rotating said first cutting device, means providing an opening in said casing for admitting material to be ground to the chamber and providing for manual access to said grinding-means, means for feeding material to be ground to said grinding means including a receptacle movably mounted for re-` ceiving material when in one position and for emptying the material into the grinding chamber when in another position, means including a portion of said receptacle for preventing manual access to said grinding means when the receptacle is in said other position, and means for moving said receptacle from one of said positions to the other.

3. In a grinding apparatus, a casing defining a grinding chamber having an opening providing for manual access to the interior of the chamber, grinding means in the chamber, a receptacle pivotally supported by said casing in line 'with said opening for operation into one position to receive material to be. ground and into a second position to empty such material into said chamber, and means including a portion of the wall of said receptacle for blocking said opening to prevent manual access to the interior of the chamber when the receptacle is operated into said second position.

4. In a grinding apparatus, the combination of a casing defining a grinding chamber having a material receiving opening providing for manual access to the interior of the chamber, grinding means in the chamber, a receptacle movably supported for operation into a plurality of positions including a position for receiving material to be ground and a position for emptying such material into said chamber, means operative upon movement of said receptacle into certain of said plurality of positions for blocking said opening and means operative upon movement of the receptacle into other of said plurality of positions` for affording manual access through said opening to the'interior of said chamber.

5. In a grinding apparatus, a casing defining a grinding chamber having a material receiving opening providing for manual laccess to the interior of the chamber, grinding means in the chamber, a receptacle movably supported adjacent said opening for operation into a plurality of positions including one position for receiving material to be ground and another position for emptying such material into said chamber, and means including cooperating wall portions of said receptacle and wall portions of said casing adjacent said opening for blocking the opening when the receptacle is in certain of said plurality of positions, said receptacle having also wall portions cooperative with wall portions of said casing adjacent said opening for providing`v the chamber, a' receptacle supported pivotally.

by said casing adjacent to and in line with said opening for rotation into a plurality of positions including a first position for the deposit therein of material to be ground and a second position for emptying such material into said chamber, and means including portions of the walls of said receptacle for blocking said opening when the receptacle is in said first position and said second position, said receptacle having also wall portions formed to afford manual access to said chamber through said opening when the receptacle is rotated into a third one of said plurality of positions. v

7. 'In a grinding apparatus, a casing defining a grinding chamber having an opening providing manual access to said chamber and having means operable for grinding material therein, a receptacle having end Walls and substantially cylindrically shaped side walls therebetween with portions of said side walls cut away to provide a receptacle opening, means for mounting the receptacle adjacent to and in line with said casing opening Iwith the end walls thereof pivotally supported by the casing walls for rotation oi' the receptacle into a plurality of positions including a first position wherein said receptacle opening is in registry with said casing opening for the deposit in the receptacle of material to be ground rel() and sseoond position forthe emptying or suon material into said chamber, and means for roreceptacle being formed for cooperation .with` the rini of said casing opening to aord manual access therethrough to said chamber when the receptacle isrotated into a third o! said plurality of positions. i

8. In an apparatus for grinding garbage and llike material, a casing defining a grinding chamber having an opening for the feeding of material into said chamber, means for Amounting the casing beneath a kitchen slnk or like structure with said opening in communication with a drain opening in the sink or like structure,`means ior grinding material in said chamber, a receptacle movably supported by the casing in line with said casing opening for operation into a plurality of positions including one pomtion to receive material to be ground and a second position to empty such material into said chamber, and means including wall portions of the receptacle for blocking said casing opening to prevent access to the grinding "whenthe receptacle is in certain of its said' plurality of posi-- tions, said wall Aportions having apertures 'for the passage therethrough oi.' water from said sink or like structure into the grinding chamber.

9. In a grinding apparatus, a casinghaving a grinding chamber and having an opening for admitting material to be groimd to said chamber, means 'for grinding material in the chamber, a receptacle movably mounted for operaticn into a plurality of positions including one positionsiozr receiving material and a` second position for nptying the received material into said chamber, means for supplying water to said casing, valve means operable into a plurality of positions for controlling the water supply, and means operatively interconnecting said receptacle and said valve means for effecting control of the positioning of the valve means in accordance with the positioning of the receptacle.

10. In a grinding apparatus, a. casing having an opening, a grinding chamber in the casing, cutting means including a stationary cutter mounted in a lateral recess in the casing and a rotary cutter having a vertical shaft mounted on the bottom of the casing. a receptacle having two tnmnio'ns'mounted-in.anruppqrmportion of the casing with the trunnions supportedinf'res of the casing, a crank for turning the receptacle fastened to one of the trunnions, and means for conducting water to the receptacle comprising a valve mechanically connected to the other trunnion.

11. A garbage grinding apparatus adapted for installation beneath a kitchen sink having a drainage opening, said apparatus including a casing deiining a substantially frusta-conical grinding chamber having a garbage receiving opening in the smaller end thereof, means for'supporting said casing beneath said sink withfsaid receiving opening in registry with said sink drainage opening and the axis oi said chamber substantially vertical, a receptacle mounted in said casing for rotation into one position for receiving garbage through said openings and into-a second posi-Y tion for discharging the garbage into said chamber, said receptacle having a wall portion operative to block said openings when the receptacle is in said second position to prevent access to said chamber, garbage grinding means in said chamber including stationary' cutting means disposed at the side of the chamber and rotary cutting means supported by the bottom or said casing with the axis thereof vertical, a vertical axis motor supported beneath said casing and connected to drive-said rotary cutting means, switchlng means for controlling the operation of said I motor, a handle for positioning said receptacle,

and means operatively associated with said handle for actuating said switch in accordance with Vthe positioning of the receptacle.

12. In a. grinding apparatus, a casing defining a grinding chamber andhaving a material receiving opening in one wall thereof providing for manual access directly into the interior of the chamber, grinding means insaid chamber, a closure device iorsaid opening comprising a receptacle mounted in said casing for movement into one position to receive material to be ground and into another position to discharge thereceived material directly into said chamber, said receptacle having wall portions arranged to prevent access to said chamber when the receptacle is in discharging position, a motor for operating said grinding means, switch means Yoperiatble for controlling said motor, and means operative re- 'sponsively to movement of said receptacle for actuating said switch means to eiect operation of said motor when the receptacle is in discharging position and for actuating said switch means to stop operation of said motor when the recentacle is in receiving position.

13. In a grinding apparatus, a casing having a grinding chamber therein and an opening for admitting material to be ground tosaid chamber, grinding means in the chamber, a motor for driving the grinding means, a receptacle mountedin said casing for rotation into one position to receive material` through said opening and into another position for discharging the received material into` said chamber, said receptacle having wall portions arranged toiprevent the feeding of material through said opening into the grinding chamber when the receptacle is in receiving position, a cam device connected for rotation concomitantly with said receptacle, a power circuit for said motor including switching means arranged for actuation by said cam device to control the energization of said motor, said cam device including means for actuating said switching means to stop said motor when the receptacle is in receiving position and including also means for actuating the switching means to start said motor in. response to initial turning movement of the receptacle out of receiving position and before the receptacle reaches its discharging position.

14. In a grinding apparatus, a casing having a grinding chamber therein and an-op'ening in direct communication with said chamber to provide for manualv access thereto, means for grinding material in said chamber, a closure device movably supported bythe casing for movement into a Vplurality of positions including a position for blocking said opening to prevent access to the grinding chamber, a cam device connected for movement concomitantly with said closure device, and control means for said motor including switching mechanism connected for actuation by said cam device in accordance with the positioning of the closure device. s'

15. In a grinding apparatus, a casing defining a grinding chamber having an opening providing

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